What fertilizers to apply under fruit trees. The main types of perennial fertilizers

When caring for a young garden good development and the fruiting of fruit trees cannot be achieved without the systematic use of fertilizers, especially in the regions of the non-chernozem zone.

For successful growth trees in young garden , accelerating their entry into the time of fruiting and creating conditions for further high and regular yields great importance It has fertilizer application. The best results are shown by the combined application of organic and mineral fertilizers.

The use of organic fertilizers in the care of a young garden

Wide range of care applications young garden should get first organic fertilizers(manure, compost, peat, peat feces and others), which not only give needed by trees nutrients, but also improve the soil structure, destroyed by digging and frequent loosening.

Manure is brought in in the fall, for digging the soil, having previously scattered it evenly on the surface of the near-stem circle in the amount of 4-6 kilograms per 1 square meter. This will amount to 15-20 kilograms for one two-three-year-old tree, 30-40 kilograms for a five-six-year-old tree, and 50-70 kilograms for a seven-ten-year-old tree.

good action renders on fruit trees also compost. Compost is prepared from household waste in specially arranged heaps. Compost heaps are a must for every household. Woody leaves, fallen needles, tops can be used to prepare compost. vegetable crops, weeds, rotten straw and chaff, soot, house debris, kitchen waste, road dust, etc.

The compost heap is made 1.5-2 meters wide (at the base), 1-1.5 meters high and of any length (depending on the amount of material). Lay it on a special cleared and rammed area. Tops, house debris and other household waste and weeds when laying in compost heap interspersed with soil. The soil layer should be 5-6 centimeters thick. Compost, so that it is always moderately moist, is watered from time to time or, even better, with slop or slurry. It is useful to add lime, crushed limestone and ash to the compost.

Once or twice a summer (after two or three months), the compost heap is thoroughly shoveled and laid again. Shoveling accelerates the decomposition of waste. When the compost turns into a homogeneous mass, it can be used for fertilizer. Norms, terms and depth of composting are the same as for manure.

Valuable fertilizer when caring for a young garden is "night gold" (faeces). It is better to mix it with peat, to prepare the so-called peat faeces. For this purpose, they take fine, well-decomposed peat, put it in a layer of 20 centimeters and pour it abundantly with liquid feces. After watering, a second layer of the same thickness is laid on the first layer of peat and also watered, and this is done until the pile reaches a height of 1.5 meters. After that, it is covered with peat and left to decompose.

Peat feces can also be prepared directly in cesspools- restrooms. To do this, peat is poured into the pit every two or three days and mixed with a pole with the contents of the pit. Peat feces is a very strong fertilizer: its application rate is two to three times lower than the rate of manure.

In areas where there is no peat, compost, manure and even ordinary earth are used to prepare fecal fertilizers.

When caring for a young garden, bird droppings should also be used. It is applied at 100-150 grams per 1 square meter of the trunk circle. But it is better to give this fertilizer in the form of liquid top dressing in the first half of summer.

Good fertilizer - furnace ash, containing potassium, phosphorus and lime. Ashes are added at about 100-150 grams per 1 square meter (a glass of furnace ash weighs about 125 grams). especially nice results the use of ash gives on soddy-podzolic soils of the non-chernozem zone, lowering their acidity. In this case, the application rate of ash is increased by at least two to three times.

As a fertilizer, you can use pond, lake and river or decomposed garbage from landfills.

The use of mineral fertilizers for young garden care

If there is mineral fertilizers, then you need to use them.

They are divided into nitrogen (ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate, montan nitrate), phosphoric (superphosphate, tomasslag, phosphate rock) and potassium (potassium salt 30- and 40% and potassium chloride). Nitrogen mineral fertilizers have a good effect on the growth of trees in most areas. Better everywhere is a complete mineral fertilizer, including nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.

Mineral fertilizers contribute at the rate of approximately 8-10 grams of the active ingredient of each type of fertilizer per 1 square meter. For example, ammonium sulphate (ammonium sulfate) contains 20 percent nitrogen. Therefore, 40-50 grams of ammonium sulfate must be added per 1 square meter.

In one glass, it will fit from 150 grams (superphosphate, ammonium sulfate) to 250 grams (potassium salt) mineral fertilizers.

The amount of mineral fertilizers that must be applied under one tree, depending on its age and the size of the trunk circle, is given in the table.

Montane saltpeter is contributed by 20 percent, and ammonium nitrate 40 percent less than ammonium sulphate. Double superphosphate contribute two times less than usual.

Phosphorus and potash fertilizers, and partly nitrogen fertilizers, are applied in autumn, for deep digging. These fertilizers are best applied in granular form. Phosphorus and potash fertilizers can also be applied in liquid form in pockets into wells made with scrap, a depth of 30-40 centimeters; wells are made approximately two pieces per 1 square meter.
The main mass of nitrogen fertilizers (about two-thirds) is better to apply in the spring, during the first spring loosening.

Approximate amount of mineral fertilizers applied under one tree (in grams):

• With the combined use of mineral and organic fertilizers, their application rates are halved against those indicated.
• When mixing fertilizers, follow established rules. It is best to mix them just before applying to the soil.

Fertilizing fruit trees young garden care

Great value for at In the course of a young garden, fruit trees are fed, which is widely used by the foremost gardeners.

For top dressing, first of all, you need to use local organic fertilizers.: slurry, urine, fermented solutions of bird and cow droppings, etc. For liquid feeding, slurry and animal urine are diluted with 5 parts of water, and feces and bird droppings are diluted with 10-12 parts.

You can also feed fruit trees only with nitrogen or complete mineral fertilizer.

Mineral fertilizers when top dressing can be applied in liquid and dry form.. With dry soil, the near-trunk circles are pre-watered before top dressing. In case of fractional deposit, the specified average rate distributed into parts according to the number of top dressings: each time they make the appropriate part (half or third of the norm). The first top dressing is given in the spring, during bud break, the second - two or three weeks after the first, during increased shoot growth (in the central regions - in June), and the third - two to three weeks after the second.

Considering that nitrogen fertilizers, if applied untimely, cause a delay in growth, they should be fed only during spring and the first half of summer or late autumn.

It is necessary to fertilize the garden annually on poor soils and once every two or three years on the rest. In the first year after planting, they are limited to mulching tree trunks with manure, humus, compost, etc.

Podzolic soils, in addition, should still be limed. Lime or ground limestone is applied once every five to seven years, on average, 1.5 kilograms per 1 square meter. best time making lime is autumn.

Video: How and what to fertilize fruit trees

In this video, an expert will tell you about how to properly fertilize fruit trees and what exactly.

Video: Apple Orchard Technology

When caring for a young garden, it is necessary to ensure the survival of all planted fruit trees, create conditions for good growth seedlings and building the correct crown of the tree, as well as to ensure the early entry of trees into the fruiting season.

The main components that ensure the development of plants: the sun, water and good soil. Cultures also need nutrients that shrubs and trees do not always get from the ground. Fertilization - mandatory step agricultural technology.

Spring is the time for feeding

Plants develop for decades in one place, which is why the earth is depleted, and trees and bushes do not receive the nutrients they need. To provide good harvests, gardeners feed the crop with various fertilizers.

Each stage of the growing season requires its own nutrition, but the most important feeding of fruit trees and shrubs in the spring. Plants move away hibernation, and they need strength for new growth and fruiting.

The sun is not yet so warm, there is a risk return frosts. Only enhanced sap flow will help counter these factors. Provides such a "blood flow" to fruit plants good nutrition.

Depending on the condition of the soil and the type of crop, certain nutrients are required. According to these components, all fertilizers are divided into mono (i.e. simple) and complex, containing 2 or more substances. They may include mineral and organic fertilizers. In the finished concentrated preparations sold, most often the composition is combined.

Taking good care of trees

A separate group is bacterial fertilizers and green manure related to organics. Each nutrient has its own characteristics of use, which the gardener must take into account.

Basic fertilizers for spring top dressing

Types of dressingsMaximum efficiency can be achieved by combining organic matter with mineral water. Concentrated salts not only nourish plants, but also provide negative impact with the wrong proportion. Organic fertilizers will just smooth out this negative effect by providing nutrition to the berry plot for the entire growing season.

Top dressing is carried out in two ways: by applying to the ground and spraying plants. This allows you to optimize the nutritional regime for a specific phase of development, taking into account the needs of each of the crops.

spring top dressing berry bushes and trees are carried out based on following conditions. During the period of vegetative mass recruitment (March), nitrogen fertilizers should prevail. Potassium-phosphorus are necessary for budding and flowering (April-May).

Complex fertilizers are used throughout the spring season. The concentration is selected based on the composition of the soil:

• on soddy podzolic use the maximum recommended dose;
• on the forest - medium;
• in the black earth zone - a minimum.

The first time fertilizer is applied to the soil before planting seedlings, and during the year, top dressing is no longer used. The plant will have enough of those that are laid in the pit. In the next season, nutrients are applied either to trunk circle, or make special furrows along the row.

In subsequent years, take into account that the root area of ​​the bush increases. Therefore, each time the norms of fertilizers will have to be differentiated.

Root top dressing is carried out in 2 ways: they are scattered in a dry form between the rows and combined with watering plants. The second option is more popular with gardeners, as the nutrients will reach the roots faster.

Dry top dressing

After the fertilizers are scattered between the rows, they need to be embedded in the soil by digging the ground with a shovel. In this case, the reservoir is turned to a depth of 12 cm. After digging, the soil is carefully loosened with a rake.

Soil loosening

Once in the ground, microelements are wetted by soil moisture and evenly distributed. The movement process will be more active if the soil between the rows has a loose structure. To optimize the impact, it is recommended to water the fertilization sites immediately.

liquid nutrition

Top dressing with solutions is carried out more often, while using mineral fertilizers, one should not strictly follow the instructions on the package - it is more designed for industrial farmers who have the opportunity to conduct soil analysis. For small gardening, it is better to reduce the concentration by 3-4 times and introduce the solution into the ground not every 2 weeks, but after 4 days.

Note. How older plants the richer the food should be. To feed a five-year-old tree, per 1 sq.m. the garden will need potassium 20 g, phosphorus 10 g, nitrogen 15 g. A slightly lower concentration must be added under the berry bush.

It is important to consider the rules for applying organic fertilizers. For example, some cultures do not tolerate fresh manure, while others respond favorably to it. Without knowing such nuances, it is better to use fermented mullein.

Commonly used nutritional organics

How additional elements food waste and feces can be used in compost. It is also good to fertilize fruit plantings compost, which must stand for at least 4 months. Laying manure, peat, hay in layers in a pit, they form a pile, which is periodically shoveled and watered in dry weather.

Foliar top dressing

Processing branches allows you to solve 2 problems in one action: fertilize plants, as well as protect against pests and scab infestation. In the spring, urea spraying of trees and shrubs is carried out as soon as the buds begin to open. Often this action is combined with processing Bordeaux mixture or blue vitriol.

Preparation of Bordeaux mixture

When diluting funds, strictly adhere to the instructions. Before processing Orchard, safety measures must be taken: wear protective clothing, gloves, goggles, a respirator (the compositions used for spraying are toxic).

Newly minted gardeners sometimes make mistakes in caring for garden plants. To avoid them when carrying out top dressing, you need to consider some points:

• for such work choose right time: early in the morning or before sunset, and only in dry, calm weather;
• you need to feed after a certain period after normal watering;
• it is necessary to apply fertilizer not under the bush or tree itself, as some do; nutrients should be supplied to young roots located slightly away from the trunk; it is on them that the hairs are located, through which the roots absorb moisture and fertilizer from the ground;
• unbalanced nutrition harms plants; if, for example, overfeeding with nitrogen, then flowering and fruiting will be threatened, and the leaves and stems will become brittle; such plants are more often visited by the pest, and they lose their immunity to diseases;
• some summer residents believe that the more food, the better; too abundant top dressing or a high concentration of fertilizers will provoke burns (this is especially dangerous when spraying);
• by introducing a large nutrient dose into depleted soil, it is realistic to cause an osmotic shock in the plant, leading to death.

Early spring feeding, carried out in compliance with all norms and rules, will be a guarantee that the summer resident will receive a large tasty harvest as a result. In addition, with the help of fertilizers, root growth can be directed. Then the plants will not interfere with each other to develop.

For productivity fruit crops and their stable growth are significantly affected by timely top dressing, which must be carried out regularly and taking into account the growing season of plants.

Fertilizer fruit bushes and trees in the summer is an integral part of competent garden care. When organizing garden feeding, it is important to take into account the development of the root system, shoots and the timing of fruiting trees and shrubs. This approach will protect plants from certain diseases, increase frost resistance and ensure a stable harvest of the current and next year.

The importance of summer top dressing for the development of fruit shrubs and trees

Fruiting and growth of fruit trees, shrubs directly depends on the stock nutrients in the root system and elevated organs plants. It is clear that the necessary useful elements for the normal development of shrubs and trees are constantly consumed and they must be replenished in time by feeding the plants with organic and mineral fertilizers.

Spring budding of fruit trees, active growth of shoots, roots and flowering of the garden is mainly due to the nutrients accumulated over the previous summer and autumn. Therefore, it is necessary to lay the foundation for the future harvest in advance, namely in the summer.

In addition, the most active assimilation of nutrients by fruit and berry plants occurs in spring and with the onset of summer, so it is at this time that it is important to support and feed trees and shrubs. However, care must be taken to prevent an overabundance of mineral, organic fertilizers - this can have a detrimental effect on plants, and even fatal for young shrubs and trees.

Types of fertilizers and their effect on the growth of fruit trees and shrubs

Fruit and berry plants in the garden can be fed with organic and mineral fertilizers.

Organic fertilizers include:

• compost;
• manure;
• green manure crops;
• slurry.

Compost is a fertilizer consisting of rotted garbage, waste of plant origin.

Do not use undecomposed compost - there is a possibility that viable weed seeds remain in it

Manure that enriches the soil is considered a complete organic fertilizer. useful elements and improving its thermal regime, air and water permeability.

When using manure, it is necessary to pay attention to its condition - rotted manure is a dark brown loose earthy mass. The most effective fertilizing effect on fruit and berry plants renders bird manure (low nutrient content has pig manure).

The introduction of composts into the soil improves the use and digestibility of mineral fertilizers.

In horticulture, the following mineral fertilizers are used:

• nitrogen;
• phosphoric;
• calcium;
• potassium;
• microfertilizers.

Nitrogen mineral fertilizers (urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate) show best result on sandy soils, and chernozems least need replenishment of nitrogen reserves. Nitrogen-containing top dressing accelerates the growth of trees, shrubs, and is involved in the formation of fruits.

Nitrogen fertilizers are not fixed in the soil and if they were not used by the plant, then over time they are simply washed out of the soil. Therefore, it is necessary to make nitrogen regularly - several times during the year. At the same time, it must be remembered that in order to obtain a visible effect from fertilizers, the soil must be slightly moist when fertilizing, so that ammonia does not evaporate.

Phosphate fertilizers (superphosphate, double superphosphate, bone and phosphate rock) in horticulture are usually used in granular form. Fertilizers based on phosphorus are introduced deep into the soil, since phosphorus fertilizers are firmly fixed in the soil.

The effectiveness of phosphate fertilizers largely depends on their solubility. Superphosphate refers to fast-acting fertilizers, and slowly soluble phosphorus fertilizers should preferably be thoroughly mixed with the soil.

top dressing in summer orchard phosphate fertilizers usually do not, but fertilize the plants in the fall.

top dressing fruit plants potash fertilizers (potassium sulfate) help plants synthesize sugar, improve winter hardiness, drought resistance and increase resistance to fungal diseases. Potassium is well accumulated in chernozems, and is retained weaker on sandy and peaty soils.

Wood ash has a high potassium content and is often used by gardeners to feed fruit trees and shrubs.

important for the proper development of plants and high yield is the timely introduction of microfertilizers, which contain the whole complex of necessary trace elements, such as: manganese, copper, iron, boron, zinc, sulfur, molybdenum.

Organization of feeding fruit trees

how to determine the amount of fertilizer for the orchard

1. One must be added to the diameter of the tree crown and the resulting value multiplied by 3.14 - the result of the calculation shows the area of ​​​​soil for fertilization.
2. The calculated area must be multiplied by the required for 1 sq. m dose of fertilizer.

When organizing the feeding of fruit trees, the following points should be considered:

• the intensity of the irrigation regime affects the amount of fertilizer applied - abundant irrigation requires several large doses of nutrients;

• if it is planned to carry out a significant pruning of trees, then the amount of fertilizer should be increased for a better growth of young shoots;
• liquid fertilizers it is necessary to make around shrubs and trees, going beyond the projection of the crown by about half a meter;
• if the soil is regularly fertilized with ash, then there is no need to fertilize with microelements;
• reduce soil acidity optimal acidity- 5.5-6.5 Рn), when liming the soil - add to the soil lime plaster or powdered slaked lime;

• to feed young plants, less concentrated preparations should be used;
• with the simultaneous application of mineral and organic fertilizers, their rate should be halved.

summer top dressing of pome and stone fruit trees

Summer top dressing of fruit trees is necessary to activate the activity of the root system, as well as to enhance its nutrition. The increased ability of the roots to absorb nutrients contributes to the laying of buds already in the summer, when fruits are weighed on the trees.

It should be noted that pome fruit trees (pear, apple) need large doses of organic and mineral fertilizers than stone fruit trees(cherry, apricot, cherry, peach).

For feeding apple and pear trees (9-10 years of age), you can adhere to the following fertilizer consumption rates per square meter monthly (June, July, August):

• potassium salt - 3 g;
• superphosphate - 5 g;
• montane saltpeter - 6 g.

Late top dressing in August for adult plants will not do harm, unlike young trees, since all the nutrients will be involved in laying the crop on next year, not for active growth young shoots.

Stone fruit trees should be fed three times during the growing season: the first - before flowering (spring), the second - during the fruiting period, and the third - after harvesting.

Fertilizing cherries in the summer can be organized as follows:

1. During the fruiting period, the tree should be watered with a solution of the "Berry Giant" (300 grams per bucket of water) with the addition of two tablespoons of urea. "Berry giant" can be replaced with three tablespoons of nitrophoska.
2. After harvesting, the tree must be fertilized with such a solution: for a bucket of water - three tablespoons of superphosphate and two tablespoons of potassium sulfate.

Carrying out such dressings will help the trees to winter well and protect them from many diseases and pests.

Organization of fertilization of fruit bushes

Berry bushes need intensive top dressing in summer. During the season, it is desirable to carry out four top dressings:

• the first - during flowering (mid-May);
• the second - during the period of intensive growth of shoots (beginning of June);
• the third - at the time of formation of the ovary, pouring berries (June-July);
• the fourth - after the harvest.

Fertilizing berry bushes should be carried out after watering or rain

It is advisable to fertilize raspberries at the beginning of summer with mineral fertilizers (liquid): for a bucket of water - 10 grams of potassium chloride, 40 grams of superphosphate, 20 grams of urea (consumption for 6-7 bushes). After fertilization, the soil under the plant must be loosened.

Once every three years, raspberries need to be fed. organic fertilizers based on 1 sq.m. - 0.5-1 bucket of humus or manure.

Currants are very sensitive to fertilizing. When organizing top dressing of a berry bush, it is important to remember that currants react poorly to the chlorine content in fertilizers, so it is important to correctly calculate the doses of potash top dressing.

Fertilizing currants in the summer can be done in the following steps:

1. If organic fertilizers were applied under the currant in the fall, then the plant must be fed nitrogen fertilizers(for 10 liters of water - 35 grams of calcium nitrate, 15 grams of ammonium nitrate, 12 grams of urea). If organic fertilizers were not applied before winter, then in spring and summer the shrub should be fed with organic fertilizers (manure must be diluted in water and urea added). Such top dressing should be done three times: the first - in the spring before flowering, and every subsequent one in two weeks.
2. To increase the content of vitamins in berries, improve their taste and aroma, fertilizing should be done from ready-made fertilizer mixtures: "Berry", "Ideal", "Berry Giant". During the summer, you can spend three top dressing (the last should be immediately after picking berries).

Gooseberries need large doses potash fertilizers than currant. Gooseberries should be fed in the first half of summer with nitrogen fertilizers (13-16 grams of dry active substance per 1 sq. M) with the addition of potassium and phosphorus (30 grams of superphosphate and 15 grams of potassium sulfate). If top dressing is carried out in dry weather, then dry fertilizers must be dissolved in water.

It is impossible to feed gooseberries with nitrogen fertilizers in the second half of summer, otherwise the young shoots of the plant will become brittle and susceptible to powdery mildew. In addition, such a shrub can not tolerate the harsh weather conditions of winter.

foliar top dressing

As an additional method of top dressing in the summer, foliar top dressing of fruit trees and shrubs is often used. With foliar feeding (spraying), plants receive nutrients directly through the leaves.

For such dressings, both organic and mineral fertilizers are used. Good effect give outside root top dressing microfertilizers. Zinc increases the resistance of trees and shrubs to diseases, boron promotes active and abundant flowering, and manganese increases yield and sugar content in fruits.

When foliar top dressing, weak solutions of fertilizers should be used so as not to damage the leaf tissue. Urea concentration for foliar feeding in the summer period there should be no more than 1%, potassium sulfate or chloride 0.5-1%, superphosphate - up to 5%.

Foliar top dressing of pear and apple trees can be carried out with a solution of zinc sulfate (0.2 g / l), borax (1 g / l) or manganese sulfate (0.2 g / l). If you combine all three trace elements at the same time, then the dose of each must be halved.

After harvesting, the currant bush can be treated with a solution: for one bucket of water - 5 g of potassium permanganate, 10 g of copper sulfate, 2 g of boric acid. It is necessary to spray currant bushes in the evening.

For gooseberries, foliar top dressing with potash and phosphorus (1-2%) fertilizers, as well as microelements: manganese sulphate (0.1-0.5%) and boric acid (0,01-0,05%).

At the beginning of summer and after harvesting, raspberries can be treated with zinc or manganese sulphate (5-10 g per 10 liters of water), copper sulfate (about 5 g per 10 liters of water) or ammonium molybdenum (1-3 g per bucket of water).

Timely feeding of trees and shrubs will allow you to receive annually high yield and enjoy the beautiful, well-groomed appearance orchard.

In the spring, when the trees are just beginning to wake up from a long winter sleep, for their normal development and high rate fruitfulness, it is recommended to fertilize trees in the spring with compounds containing nitrogen. They start vegetative processes, as a result of which your garden will grow more actively. Fruit bearing plants should be fed throughout the growing season.

When caring for a garden, fertilizing and fertilizing is important process, without which you will not get any healthy and beautiful trees, nor big harvest. At correct execution feeding trees you will not only provide them important elements nutrition, but also significantly maintain soil fertility and improve its chemical and mechanical properties. Your cottage and garden will become the pride of the family!

How to feed fruit trees in spring

Spring feeding of fruit trees and shrubs is carried out with organic fertilizers:

• Peat;
• Peat feces;
• Compost;
• Manure;
• Humus.

These fertilizers enrich the soil with nutritious vitamins and substances, and also have a beneficial effect on the condition of the soil.

The application of fertilizers is included in the mandatory list of works for spring care for apple trees. Approximately in mid-April, the first spring top dressing of pears and apple trees is performed. Already when the first leaves are visible on the trees, you can apply a fertilizer. Only root top dressing of an apple-tree is carried out. To do this, mixtures with nitrogen are introduced into the trunk circles. It could be:

• urea,
• humus
• or ammonium nitrate.

Such mixtures activate vegetative processes in trees.

Fertilizers are applied to the soil when it is loosened or when digging. It is important to consider that fertilizers must be applied along the perimeter of the crown, where the ends of the main roots with suction roots are located.

Spring feeding of apple trees during flowering performed with nitrogen-containing mixtures. In the trunk circle for digging, under one tree, along the perimeter of the crown, and not the trunk, one of the following options is introduced:

• urea - 500-600 gr;
• ammonium nitrate and nitroammofska - 30-40 gr each;
• humus - about 5 buckets.

After flowering, during the period of fruit ripening, apple trees are fed with one of the following options for liquid formulations from:

• nitrophoska, sodium humate and water;
• or 100 g of superphosphate and 60-70 g of potassium sulfate;
• or 1.5-2 liters of liquid chicken manure;
• or 0.5 buckets of slurry;
• 250-300 gr of urea.

In addition, each apple tree should receive more than three buckets of this composition. You can partially replace root top dressing with foliar top dressing. To do this, it will be enough to spray the trees with urea. This method can be applied after all the leaves have already appeared and grown on the apple tree. The tree will absorb through them useful material and transfer them to the root system.

Cherry top dressing in spring

Even before flowering, the first top dressing is performed. cherries with urea or ammonium nitrate. Since there is still little foliage on the trees, it is better to apply liquid fertilizers to the soil.

• During flowering, top dressing of trees in spring is carried out by the root method with the introduction of mixtures with nitrogen and organic matter.
• During the flowering period of the tree, you can use chicken manure or green manure.

If you use litter, it is important to monitor its proportion and condition. An excess of this fertilizer can damage the roots of the tree.

After flowering, you can apply compost, manure and dry organic mixtures as top dressing. Without this, your tree will not bring the expected harvest. Fertilizer should be applied in liquid form to the trunk circles or for digging. Pay attention to the amount of precipitation. If there was little rain, then it is best to periodically pour liquid fertilizers into the soil.

How to feed a pear in spring

Pears, like other trees, need spring dressing. It is fertilized with saltpeter or urea, sometimes chicken manure is used (this must be done carefully so as not to burn the tree). Saltpeter is diluted with water in a ratio of 1:50. The scheme of complementary foods for pears is very similar to complementary foods for cherries. Almost all top dressing of fruit trees in spring is the same. It is also very important to feed pear in May with the help of nitroammophoska, as well as during spring planting pears.

To enter correctly right amount fertilizers, you need to understand that over the years, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe trunk circle of the pear increases, therefore, more fertilizers need to be applied. Usually, the calculation is carried out per 1 square meter and multiplied by the area of ​​the fertilized surface:

• in a tree up to 4 years old, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe free circle is 5 square meters. meters;
• up to 8 years = 10 sq. m;
• up to 12 years = 20 sq. m.

Approximate norms (in grams) for the application of basic mineral fertilizers per 1 sq.m. fertilized area:

• ammonium nitrate - 15-25,
• urea - 10-20,
• superphosphate - 40-60,
• phosphate rock - 30-40,
• potassium sulfate - 20-25,
• potassium chloride - 15-20,
• wood ash - 700,
• complex fertilizers: ammophos - 70-80, nitroammophoska -70-80.

When preparing top dressing, adhere to the following ratio between the nutrients of fertilizers (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium). It is desirable that it be 3:1:4.

That is, the best pear dressing in the spring will turn out if you take 3 parts ammonium nitrate(it contains 35% nitrogen) + 1 part superphosphate(it contains 14% digestible phosphoric acid) + 4 parts potassium sulfate(it contains 48% potassium oxide).

Feeding shrubs in spring

IN spring period it is very important not to forget that top dressing is also important for fruit and berry bushes. For top dressing raspberries, currants, blackberries, gooseberries, mountain ash in the spring will do:

• potassium nitrate, nitrophoska or azofoska;
• an excellent option for fertilizer would be ecofoska or "Kemira - station wagon" (3 tablespoons per 10 liters of water);
• you can also use urea with ash (3 tablespoons of urea and 0.5 cups of ash are put into 10 liters of water);
• you can mix fertilizers, here is one of the recipes: add a handful of saltpeter to 1 large bucket of manure humus and apply this mixture throughout the season at 5-10 kg per hundred square meters

When to feed currants, raspberries and other fruit bushes:

1. At the time of active flowering, this is mid-May;
2. During the active growth of new shoots, in early June;
3. At the time when the berries are tied and poured, this is the second half of June - July;
4. The last time it is better to feed the shrubs after picking berries.

Any root top dressing is applied under shrubs after heavy watering or rain.

When overfeeding, young shoots do not mature well and are more damaged by frost; pests and diseases gather on such bushes “with pleasure”. Everyone is able to determine a sufficient amount of complementary foods on their own, by growth. If the growth of raspberry shoots over the summer exceeds 1.8-2 m, then the dose should be reduced.

Top dressing of spruces in spring and other coniferous ornamental trees in spring

After planting spruce and other coniferous trees, during the first five to seven years they need to be fed with organic or complex mineral fertilizers twice per season.

• First dressing organic is brought in early spring(as soon as the snow melts, fertilizers are applied to wet ground). The second in late June - early July.
• Top dressing with mineral slow-acting fertilizer for the roots of coniferous trees is applied once, in the spring. If they are introduced later, the tree will slowly wood (nitrogen leads to the formation of new young branches) and will not prepare for winter, and as a result it may freeze.

most the best top dressing for coniferous plants, is considered mature compost, which is placed under the roots of trees 3 cm thick and lightly dripping with a shovel, mixing with the existing top layer so that top dressing enters the soil faster. If there is no compost or humus available, then it will be replaced by fertilizers based on biohumus, which are sold in liquid form. They are diluted in water, then complex mineral fertilizers can be added to the solution.

In the spring it is necessary to carry out top dressing different cultures including fruit trees and shrubs. Every month there are certain events. It is important to choose the right fertilizer for different types of crops, use them in a certain way and in a specific dosage.

Why do we need spring top dressing of fruit crops?

In the process of growing various crops, gardeners resort to all sorts of agricultural practices. One of best practices is plant nutrition. It provides decorative planting and a good harvest.

Timely application of fertilizers and correct selection compositions allows you to activate the growth of culture, provide good flowering and protection from diseases and pests. All this is necessary to obtain a high-quality and plentiful harvest.

Fruit trees and shrubs are perennial plantings. During their lives, they need various micro and macro elements, as well as human body. People get the necessary substances from food, and plants from the soil. Over time, the land begins to deplete, therefore, it is impossible to do without fertilizers.

Feeding stages by month

Each variety of fruit trees and shrubs requires an individual approach. This applies not only to the composition of the fertilizers used, but also to the stages of their application. There are some common points that are characteristic of each spring month.

March

This month, the very first feeding of the year is carried out. Fertilization is carried out at the beginning of the melting of the snow cover.

For this period, funds with nitrogen are needed. They stimulate the vegetative process. It is better to use soluble mineral compositions. They are poured directly on top of the snow, which, when melted, will dissolve the fertilizer and pull it into the soil. It is necessary to prepare for such top dressing in the fall, loosening the near-stem circles well.

The amount of nitrogen mixture for feeding depends on the age of the plant. For shrubs and young plantings, 40 g of fertilizer is enough, an adult tree needs about 100-120 g of the product.

If the plantings are located on a slope, then it is better to fertilize later, since the fertilizer may shift when the snow melts. It is also worth delaying if the snow lies in in large numbers. In this case, the fertilizer will lie on the surface for a long time, therefore it can partially evaporate.

April

In this month, the deciduous part of the plantings is actively formed, flowering begins. At this stage, plants need potassium and phosphorus. These elements strengthen cultures, provide them with normal growth.

Phosphorus is necessary for strengthening the roots, their growth and fixing in the soil. Potassium activates the appearance of side shoots.

Phosphorus can be used in its pure form, and potassium is preferable as part of combined mixtures.

If the end of flowering occurs in April, then the plants should be fed with organic matter. Such top dressing is especially important for apple and pear trees.

May

When the plant is actively blooming, you can use both organic and mineral fertilizers. Minerals can be applied foliarly.

This month is characterized by the formation of ovaries and the beginning of fruit growth. At this stage, fruit trees and shrubs need organic matter. As a fertilizer, it is better to resort to compost, rotted manure, biohumus.

In May, fertilizers can be applied in various ways:

• digging with earth;
• mixing with loosened soil in the near-stem area;
• mixing with mulch (rotten leaves, straw are also used in this capacity);
• embedding in recesses in the ground;
• root method.

Such a feeding scheme is generalized. It can be changed according to the region of residence and weather conditions in a particular year.

Fertilizing options for fruit trees and shrubs in spring

When choosing fertilizers, one must rely on the type of crop, season, and soil characteristics. Plants can be fertilized different ways, while it is important to correctly calculate the amount of funds used.

chicken manure

• Apple tree;
• pear;
• plum;
• cherries;
• Cherry;
• quince;
• persimmon;
• peach;
• apricot.

Fertilizer should be applied in spring to tree trunks. Dry raw materials should be used for top dressing, since when improper storage raw materials form ammonia.

concentrated litter in fresh negatively affects the condition of the roots of fruit crops. Raw materials for top dressing must be diluted.

To get the right solution for top dressing, you need to dilute 1.5 kg in a 10-liter bucket of water bird droppings. First, dry raw materials are poured with a third of the liquid volume and left for a couple of days. Then the fermented composition is adjusted with water to the desired volume.

Manure

For fruit crops, this fertilizer ranks second in popularity. Apple trees, pears, cherries, plums, apricots and other stone fruits like this top dressing more.

Fresh manure is not used. Regardless of the proportions of dilution, it is converted to ammonia.

To feed fruit crops, manure must lie for at least 2 years.

Humus

Up to 30 kg of humus must be applied under apple trees. If the plant is more than 9 years old, then this amount must be increased at least 1.5 times.

To feed pears, humus is mixed with soil in the spring. On average, one tree needs 20 kg of this fertilizer.

Humus is applied under cherries or cherries for the first 4-5 years. It is necessary to scatter fertilizer around the trunks by about half a meter.

Green tea

This fertilizer is harvested independently and is organic. It can be used for any fruit crops.

To prepare the composition, it is necessary to place the green part of the grass in a suitable container and fill it with water. Close the container with polyethylene, making several holes in it. After 3 weeks, the fertilizer will be ready. Such top dressing is best done after flowering, diluting the resulting liquid in 10 parts of water.

Ash

This fertilizer attracts natural origin. It combines phosphorus and potassium, which are especially needed by fruit crops in the spring.

Ash can be used for different fruit trees. Especially love her cherry and plum.

Top dressing must be applied to the near-trunk circles. To do this, make a groove 10-15 cm deep and pour ash into it, immediately covering it with earth. Fertilizer can also be applied in liquid form. To prepare it, a half-liter jar of ash is added to a bucket of water.

Ash can be mixed with urea. For a 10-liter bucket of water, you need 3 tbsp. l. urea and half a glass of ash. Of the shrubs, this composition is effectively used for raspberries, blackberries, mountain ash, gooseberries and currants.

This fertilizer belongs to the mineral group and is based mostly on phosphorus. It can be used for any fruit trees and shrubs.

When planting crops, fertilizer is applied at 0.4 kg in each pit. As a top dressing, 40-70 grams are used, introducing the composition into the trunk circle. Fruit crops should be fed in this way after flowering.

Superphosphate can be combined with potassium and some nitrogen fertilizers. You should not combine such top dressing with the introduction of urea, ammonium nitrate or chalk. Between the application of such fertilizers, it is necessary to withstand at least a week.

Potassium chloride

This fertilizer is high in potassium. It perfectly compensates for the lack of nutrients and normalizes the development of crops. This top dressing can be used for various fruit trees, but it is especially effective for apple trees.

For one fruit tree, about 0.15 kg of potassium chloride is needed. Optimal quantity fertilizers should be oriented to the characteristics of the soil. If it is black earth, then the concentration of the agent is reduced, and for light soil it must be increased.

Potassium chloride is well combined with nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, but it is also successfully used on its own.

Fertilizers must be applied correctly. Liquid formulations introduced only after watering the soil. Foliar feeding should be carried out on cloudy days or in the evening. After applying dry fertilizer, watering is necessary.

Urea

This fertilizer is nitrogenous and belongs to the amide group. It can be used for various fruit crops.

As a spray, urea is good to combine with copper sulphate. For 10 liters of water you need 0.7 kg of urea and 50 g of vitriol. This treatment can be repeated during flowering, and then when the ovaries are formed.

Fruit plants are also fed during fruiting. In this case, resort to root top dressing. For apple trees, 0.25 kg of urea is dissolved in 10 liters of water; for cherries and plums, the amount of the product should be reduced to 0.15 kg. If organic matter was previously introduced, then the concentration of the composition is halved.

It is advisable to use this fertilizer when the soil is ideally fertile. The tool is complex and consists of nitrogen, potassium, sulfur and phosphorus.

Nitroammophoska can be used for any fruit trees, but only as additional feeding. For apple trees, it is advisable to use it after flowering, spending 30-40 liters of solution on each tree. For its preparation, 50 g of product per bucket (10 l) is required.

Nitroammophoska is also used for foliar feeding to enhance crop growth. The prepared solution in this case is sprayed with a spray gun.

Ammonium nitrate

This tool is well suited for early feeding of fruit crops. It can also be used in the summer about 2 times a month.

Ammonium nitrate is best used in the form of a solution. To do this, dilute 30 g of saltpeter in a bucket of water. During fruiting - this amount is recommended to be increased by 1.5 times. Such top dressing has a good effect on the yield of plantings and taste qualities fruits.

Do not use the product simultaneously with peat, sawdust or straw. This combination is dangerous because it can lead to fire.

When and how to properly fertilize fruit trees and shrubs in the garden is described in this video:

Fertilizing fruit crops is an important agrotechnical measure. Fertilization should begin in the spring. It is important to consider the compatibility of the compositions with each other, as well as with various types cultures. When buying ready-made products, you should carefully study the instructions.