Ammonium nitrate.
what is the difference between carbamide, urea, ammonium nitrate?
- First, the name. then - by the chemical formula, then by the scope, and esch - They bang in different ways ..))))
- This standard applies to prilled and crystalline carbamide (urea) obtained from ammonia and carbon dioxide, and establishes requirements for urea produced for the needs National economy and export.
Urea formula: H2N-CO-NH2, molecular weight (according to international atomic masses 1985) - 60.05.
Carbamide is intended for use in industry as a raw material for the manufacture of resins, adhesives, etc., for use in agriculture as a mineral nitrogen fertilizer. Carbamide can be used in animal husbandry as a feed additive.applicable on all types of soils. Suitable for basic application to the soil and top dressing of agricultural crops. It can be applied in the conditions of the protected ground.
On soils experiencing waterlogging, during irrigation, urea is preferable to ammonium nitrate, since urea nitrogen is better fixed by the soil and is less washed out with precipitation. It is used as a base fertilizer and top dressing with immediate incorporation into the soil to prevent loss in the form of gaseous ammonia.Ammonium nitrate is used for all crops in all agricultural zones with the main introduction into the rows during sowing and as top dressing. With row application for potatoes, beets, etc., a good effect is obtained when combined with phosphorus and potassium. This fertilizer is also used for feeding winter cereals and tilled crops. The nitrate part of the fertilizer creates a danger of nitrogen migration along the profile, therefore, on light soils, in the zone of sufficient and excessive moisture, when irrigated as the main fertilizer, ammonium nitrate is recommended to be applied in spring when pre-sowing treatment soil. But to the greatest extent, the probability of nitrogen loss due to leaching decreases when fertilizer is used as top dressing, timed to coincide with the period of maximum consumption by plants. Contributes to soil acidification on calcareous soils.
- ammonium nitrate, among other things, acidifies the soil more.
- appearance.
- Carbamide and urea are one and the same. Differ from ammonium nitrate chemical. formula.
And so these are two nitrogen fertilizers. Moreover, carbamide is a more concentrated fertilizer (45% nitrogen versus 35% for ammonium nitrate). And urea is more suitable for foliar plant nutrition, because it burns the leaves less) - ammonium nitrate is applied in the spring when digging into the soil.
Carbamide (urea) can be applied throughout the summer for one-time dressings (up to 3 times per summer)
Nitrogen is rightfully considered the most important and in demand in modern agricultural activities. After all, nitrogen is the most important element of plant nutrition, necessary for the growth and development of crops, as well as for building green mass. The productivity of crops, the quantity of the future harvest, and the quality depend on the sufficient presence of nitrogen in the soil: for example, this macronutrient helps to increase the level of protein in the grain. To date, domestic Agriculture actively uses the following nitrogen fertilizers: urea, carbamide-ammonia mixture,. One of the most popular products among all of the above is ammonium nitrate. Why do farmers prefer it? Which is better - or saltpeter? We will talk about this in this material.
Ammonium nitrate and urea: differences
Both the first and second types of fertilizers I tsya to nitrogen, but there is a huge difference between them. First: this is the nitrogen content in the composition - for saltpeter 35% (and this is the maximum), for urea - 46%.
Secondly , can only be applied to the soil, and carbamide is also used as a foliar top dressing during the growing season of crops.
Thirdly, urea is considered a fertilizer that is more gentle and gentle on plants than saltpeter. At the same time, saltpeter is a mineral substance (that is, chemistry), and carbamide is an organic compound.
On the other hand, the plant takes nitrogen from saltpeter faster. Carbamide takes longer to reveal its effectiveness, but the positive effect lasts longer.
What then are the advantages of saltpeter? It's simple: nitrogen in this fertilizer is contained in two forms - ammonia and nitrate, so this product is more effective.
A little more about the benefits
It has the following list of advantages:
- Economical fertilizer. Its average consumption is 1kg/100m².
- Wide time frame of use - from early spring until late autumn. Saltpeter is able to burn through snow, so it can be safely used even if there is ice or snow cover on the fields.
- This mineral product works at low temperatures air than organic nitrogen-containing fertilizers cannot boast.
The conclusion can be drawn as follows: both saltpeter and urea are necessary and important, but only when different conditions and on various stages cultural development. Fortunately, these nitrogen fertilizers are produced in Ukraine and their cost is quite affordable for the domestic agricultural sector.
Ammonium nitrate and urea are the main competitors. Novice gardeners and gardeners often wonder which tool to give preference to. Having considered in detail the features of these fertilizers, let's try to find out what is still better in certain conditions - ammonium nitrate or urea.
- Ammonium nitrate: application.
Ammonium nitrate is colorless and odorless. These transparent crystals contain nitrogen from 26% to 35%. Produced different kinds, each of which is suitable for a specific type of soil and climate zone:
- simple ammonium nitrate. It is used for enhanced nutrition of crops in mid-latitudes;
- grade B. It is fertilized houseplants in the cold season, when there is not enough lighting in the rooms;
- magnesium nitrate. Widely used in hydroponics. Promotes active photosynthesis;
- ammonium-potassium nitrate. AT spring period is used for garden plants, trees and shrubs (gooseberries, currants, etc.);
- calcium nitrate. This is an ideal fertilizer for plants on soddy-podzolic soil;
- lime-ammonium nitrate. Composed of nitrogen, calcium and magnesium. Does not change the acidity of the soil.
When introducing ammonium nitrate into the soil, read the instructions well, do not exceed the recommended dose, as this will negatively affect the condition of plants, soil, and even your health.
When digging a garden for depleted soil, 40-50 g of fertilizer per 1 sq. m. If you need to feed the root crops (potatoes, beets, carrots), then wait until the shoots appear, and after 3-4 weeks make small indentations between the rows and add ammonium nitrate (6-8 grams per 1 sq. M. soil).
Vegetables need to be fed when they are planted in the ground in the form of seedlings. Plants should also be fertilized about a week before flowering.
The trees in the garden are being fed in early spring by irrigating with an aqueous solution.
- Urea: application.
Urea contains 46% nitrogen, which indicates its excellent nutritional properties. Urea - universal fertilizer which is suitable for garden trees, shrubs, strawberries, garlic, tomatoes, even the lawn in the yard. By observing the dosage, you can be sure that the solution will not burn the leaves of plants, so you can use this fertilizer during the growing season and for any crops:
- basic fertilizer. 10 days before sowing, urea crystals should be deepened into the soil by 5 cm (urea evaporates in air). For 100 sq. m need about 2 kg of fertilizer;
- top dressing at the time of sowing. Submitted from potash fertilizers, which create a layer between this top dressing and seeds and help eliminate Negative influence biuret. Carbamide is used at the rate of 35-65 grams per 10 square meters. meters;
- top dressing foliar. In the morning or evening, the plants are treated with a 5% aqueous solution of urea from a spray bottle (50 grams of urea per 10 liters).
Having processed the crown fruit tree with unopened buds with a solution of urea, you will protect it from pests.
- Carbamide and ammonium nitrate. Differences:
- The cardinal difference between ammonium nitrate and carbamide is that urea is an organic compound, and nitrate is a mineral. root system absorbs mineral compounds and nourishes the whole plant with them. But through the leaves they are able to be saturated with mineral and, albeit to a lesser extent, organic elements. Thus, urea acts more slowly than saltpeter, but longer;
- percentage of nitrogen. These fertilizers contain a different percentage of nitrogen (there is more in urea);
- ammonium nitrate is added only as root top dressing, and urea also as a foliar top dressing;
- carbamide is a softer fertilizer;
- ammonium nitrate is able to increase the acidity of the soil, urea does not change the reaction;
- ammonium nitrate is extremely explosive, therefore it requires specific transportation;
- both urea and saltpeter are sensitive to moisture, so they should be stored in dry rooms.
Positive and negative sides of ammonium nitrate and urea
Carbamide nourishes agronomic crops very well, only it does not burn plants in the right concentration. It is used in any phase of growth on any soil. But urea does not act as quickly as ammonium nitrate, so if plants urgently need nitrogen, it is better to choose nitrate.
Urea (urea) is one of the best concentrated nitrogen fertilizers. Contains the maximum amount of nitrogen in the amide form - 46%! Outwardly, this is a crystalline substance from white to pale yellow, practically odorless, easily soluble in water, very slightly hygroscopic at moderate air humidity (in damp air it absorbs water vapor, as a result of which it liquefies). Urea is produced mainly in granular form so that it does not cake and is well distributed over the treated area.
Carbamide is used as a pre-sowing fertilizer. The value of urea is not only in the large amount of nitrogen contained in it, but also in the rate of its absorption by plants. Because of this, carbamide is a more effective nitrogen fertilizer than ammonium nitrate. Carbamide is not mined in nature, but synthesized from ammonia and carbon dioxide, which is why its cost is slightly higher than that of other nitrogen fertilizers.
According to its composition, urea is an organic compound (diamide of carbonic acid), but it is usually referred to as mineral nitrogen fertilizers.
Carbamide (Urea) is a highly effective granular fertilizer containing nitrogen (46%) necessary for the growth and development of plants in an assimilable form. It is the most concentrated of the nitrogen fertilizers. Urea in the soil is converted under the action of enzymes of soil bacteria into ammonium carbonate. In soils with high biological activity, urea turns into ammonium carbonate in 2-3 days. Ammonium carbonate decomposes in air and part of it is lost in the form of gaseous ammonia. Therefore, the surface application of urea without incorporation into the soil is fraught with a loss of nitrogen. Moreover, on neutral and alkaline soils, nitrogen losses can be more significant.
It is applied on all types of soils. Suitable for basic application to the soil and top dressing of agricultural crops. It can be applied in the conditions of the protected ground.
On soils experiencing waterlogging, during irrigation, urea is preferable to ammonium nitrate, since urea nitrogen is better fixed by the soil and is less washed out with precipitation. It is used as a base fertilizer and top dressing with immediate incorporation into the soil to prevent loss in the form of gaseous ammonia.
For cabbage, turnip, beets, tomatoes, peppers, potatoes - 20-25g / m²
Under cucumbers, peas - 5-8 g / m².
For feeding strawberries, tomatoes, cucumbers, cabbage - 20-30 g per 10 liters of water, watering at the rate of 1 liter for each plant. For feeding currants before bud break - 20 g per 10 l of water, gooseberries - 10 g per 10 l of water before bud break and 10 g per 10 l of water during shoot growth. When sowing in rows, 2.5-4 g of fertilizer per hole with the obligatory mixing of the fertilizer with the soil. Composition: nitrogen - not less than 46.2%
Urea is applied over the entire projection of the crown of trees and shrubs. It is recommended to apply 200-250 g of urea under a fruit-bearing apple tree, 120-140 g under cherries and plums. Urea can be applied by scattering it over the surface, then it should be watered abundantly. It can also be applied in dissolved form, but watering is required in this case.
Due to the fact that carbamide acidifies the soil, it is neutralized with limestone (0.8 kg of ground limestone per 1 kg of carbamide). 100-150 g of urea is added per 10 m2. Two-thirds of the fertilizer is applied during processing and one-third is gradually applied to top dressing during the growth period.
The proportion of the formation of a liquid solution: 50-70 g of urea per 10 liters of water and consumed per 10 m of sowing. To fertilize adult plants under the root, this amount is enough for 20 tomato plants or 50 cucumber plants.
For foliar nutrition, 100 g of urea is dissolved in 10 liters of water; this solution is used for 100 m of sowing or planting.
When mixing urea with simple superphosphate, it is neutralized (first, ground limestone or chalk is added to superphosphate, and only then fertilizer) in relation to 100 g of limestone (or chalk) per 1 kg of superphosphate.
The advantage of urea, compared with ammonium nitrate, is that it burns plant leaves less, so urea is recommended for foliar feeding of plants.
With the manifestation of signs of nitrogen starvation, foliar feeding of plants is carried out. The need for foliar top dressing may also arise immediately after the formation of ovaries of fruits and berries and their subsequent shedding. Foliar top dressing carried out with a manual sprayer in the morning or evening. A fertilizer solution is prepared at the rate of 30-40 g of urea per 10 liters of water.
When used under trees and shrubs organic fertilizers doses of urea application are reduced by one third or half, depending on the amount of organic matter introduced. Doses of fertilizers are also reduced by half on young plantings and when fertilizing still infertile trees and shrubs.
Do not mix urea with simple superphosphate, lime, dolomite, chalk.
In addition to the fact that urea can be used as a fertilizer, it is also actively used as a pest control agent:
After the establishment of warm days (at average daily temperature air + 5 ° C and above, but before the awakening of the kidneys) to control pests that are still in the wintering stage: aphids, suckers, weevils, apple blossom beetle. Use spraying with a concentrated solution of urea (500 - 700 g per 10 liters of water). Such processing is done if there were a lot of pests in the previous year.
And also as a means to protect plants from diseases such as: monilial burn, purple spot and scab.
Spraying with urea can be carried out in the fall, at the beginning of leaf fall with a 5% solution (500 g), it is recommended to spray apple trees whose leaves are severely affected by scab. Urea, penetrating inside the leaves, reduces the ability of the pathogen to form fruiting bodies, which cause primary infection of the apple tree in the early spring. Instead of spraying the leaves on the trees, it is allowed to treat the fallen leaves of the apple tree with a 7% solution of urea (700 g) either in the fall after leaf fall or in early spring before the buds open. For every 10 sq. m. 2.5 liters of solution are consumed.
Urea (urea) can be replaced or supplemented with ammonium nitrate (1 kg), or potassium chloride (1 kg), for tillage under trees, avoiding contact with the solution on the bark and kidneys. For the treatment of trunks and branches of trees from a similar one, a lower concentration of urea solution is used, with a repetition in 10 days up to 3-4 times. This is not only a way to fight scab and other infectious diseases fruit crops, with purple stem blotch on raspberries, but also a useful foliar application.
Advice from Andrey Tumanov:
Many gardeners spread fertilizer such as urea in the snow or in the rain. This fertilizer dissolves well and moves along with the layers of leaving snow. Thus, the fertilizer is simply washed out. You needed the fertilizer to reach deeper layers, but in fact it turns out that you simply lost the fertilizer. Therefore, my advice is that it is better to apply such preparations locally. Dissolved, for example, the drug - and not in the rain, but in dry weather, just water the plant with a watering can, as close to the roots as possible. You can even dig a hole for this, and then close it with a rake. With the help of such top dressing, you will save yourself money (the fertilizer will not float away), and provide your plant with maximum comfortable life in the soil.
Ammonium nitrate ( chemical formula NH4NO3) - one of the most common in the world mineral fertilizers, a source of nitrogen for plants. Ammonium nitrate has other names: ammonium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium salt of nitric acid. Saltpeter is a highly hygroscopic, water-soluble substance in the form of white or white crystals. cream color. At +25°C, up to two kilograms of saltpeter can be dissolved in 1 liter of water.
During storage, saltpeter cakes, forming hard, hard-to-break lumps. That is why ammonium nitrate is usually produced in granular form, which reduces its caking. The fertilizer contains 33-34% nitrogen, therefore it belongs to concentrated (strong) fertilizers. When applied to the soil, it dissolves very easily and acts quickly. Among all inorganic and organic nitrogen fertilizers, ammonium nitrate ranks first in terms of its effectiveness.
Ammonium nitrate is a slightly acidic fertilizer. It almost does not change the reaction of the soil, therefore it is used to fertilize both alkaline and neutral, and slightly acidic soils.
Ammonium nitrate is used not only as a fertilizer. Ammonium nitrate is widely used in the production explosives. Mixed with various substances and even in pure form (under certain conditions), ammonium nitrate has a high explosive power, so nitrate requires careful handling.
Russian agricultural producers, as a rule, when choosing a fertilizer, are guided by its selling price. However, carbamide by itself is generally more effective. The largest number nitrogen in its composition compared to other nitrogen fertilizers already proves the economic feasibility of its use. According to statistics, the increase in grain yield when using carbamide is 10-12% higher than the increase from the introduction of ammonium nitrate. When growing vegetables, gourds and rice is generally irreplaceable. So, when carbamide is applied as a fertilizer for rice, its yield reaches 80% to the control level, the efficiency compared to ammonium nitrate is almost one and a half times higher. Carbamide is especially effective in irrigation and in the leaching water regime of soils, since it can be absorbed by the soil in the form of a whole molecule and be retained more strongly than other types of fertilizers. Washing out of nitrogen from urea during irrigation is minimal. In addition, with foliar top dressing, unlike other nitrogen fertilizers, urea, even in high concentrations (more than 5%), does not burn the leaves and, at the same time, is well absorbed by plants.
Also, one should not forget about the additional costs associated with the use of a particular fertilizer. Content nutrient has a significant impact on the costs of its transportation, storage, preparation and application. The cost of applying a unit of active ingredient is inversely related to the cost of fertilizer, that is, the higher the concentration of the active ingredient and the more expensive the fertilizer in natural weight, the lower the operating costs. Therefore, the use of urea is more profitable from an economic point of view than the use of other types of nitrogen fertilizers (in particular, ammonium nitrate, which is popular in our country).
How to save?
In an effort to reduce the cost of transshipment of mineral fertilizers and thus offer the end user more favorable price, LLC "TD PolyChemGroup" began to pack urea in big bags and bags. When using big bags and bags, all stages of handling the packaged product are optimally streamlined.
First of all, the cost of warehousing and intermediate storage is reduced, both indoors and outdoors (even taking into account the specifics Russian climate), and this is an important component of the total cost of transshipment. It also reduces the time to create the most dense stacks, ensures optimal use of storage space at no additional cost.
The use of this type of packaging allows you to minimize the time of loading, unloading and intermediate transshipment. Packaged carbamide can be transported by any means of transport. This achieves a carrying volume comparable to bulk transportation, but at the same time the safety of the product is ensured and cleaning of the vehicle is not required.
The use of packaged urea also has its undeniable advantages. The consumer has the opportunity to receive from the storage place only the volume of products that he needs in each specific case, without violating general scheme storage of all products, which is difficult when storing urea in bulk. Savings also occur at the stage of transportation of small volumes of products (one packaging unit) from storage directly to the place of use. Thus, the trader saves by reducing costs in all links of the urea promotion logistics chain and can offer the agricultural consumer optimal price, regardless of the volume of consumption of this product.