Harmful indoor plants. The benefits of indoor plants

Let's try to figure out what are harmful indoor plants.

Well-groomed and beautiful indoor plants have always decorated the home and were considered a plus for housewives. Entering the room, we immediately involuntarily admire their beauty. However, their abundance, according to botanists, is harmful to the health of not only humans, but also domestic animals. Because when there are a lot of them, they do more harm by releasing dangerous volatile compounds.

This, of course, can be easily dealt with if the room is often ventilated, however, there are harmful indoor plants that, if mishandled, can pose a threat to human life.

For example, few people suspect that the usual ficus, which is grown by most housewives, can harm people prone to allergies. Ficus has poisonous juice, it inflames the skin and causes irritation in the respiratory tract, which can cause asthma attacks.

There are many harmful indoor plants, and the list could be long. Let's talk briefly about the most common and poisonous.

adenium .

Adenium obese belongs to the kutrov family, blooms with very beautiful scarlet funnel-shaped flowers, but does not smell. It is a poisonous ornamental plant. If he takes a small child or an animal, any part of it, into his mouth, this will cause severe poisoning.

adenium .

Oleander belongs to the same family and is popular among housewives for its beautiful leaves and flowers. Its flowers are fragrant, however, can cause headaches if they bloom too violently. If conditions permit, it can grow strongly and reach a height of 5 m. It is used, like many other poisonous plants, in medicine. Oleander juice and seeds are very poisonous and therefore it is better to take care of them with gloves on, and it is better not to let animals and children near it at all.

Another representative of this family is the pachypodium lamer, it looks like something like a small palm tree and therefore it is also called the Madagascar palm tree. It has poisonous leaves that are dangerous to animals and children.

dieffenbachia .

Harmful indoor plants are also present in the aroid family. These include the dieffenbachia, beloved by many flower growers, with variegated large and beautiful leaves. The juice of many species of dieffenbachia is very toxic to the skin, dermatitis can develop upon contact with it, and if it gets into the eyes, conjunctivitis occurs, if the juice gets into the mouth, swelling and pain in the mucous membrane appear.

dieffenbachia .

Usually children and animals do not chew dieffenbachia for a long time, but this can end tragically, so it is better to limit access to the flower. Especially vulnerable to the effects of the juice of this plant - cats, getting into their mouths even in small quantities, can cause the death of the animal.

Another harmful indoor plant from this family is monstera. It is popular among flower growers because of the beautifully cut shiny leaves, in this regard, it has another name - holey philodendron. These leaves contain toxins that cause burning and inflammation of the mucous membranes, there is a strong secretion of saliva, indigestion, and vomiting occurs.

We also love housewives - spathiphyllum, an originally flowering plant that expels an inflorescence on a pedicel, something like an ear. Its base (perianth) resembles a leaf-like veil, but has more light color from green to white.

Amaryllis .

Experts even recommend placing it in polluted areas, since spathiphyllum rapidly absorbs toxins, but it is very toxic. When the juice of this plant gets on the skin, a long-term non-healing abscess appears. In nature, there are also its toxic varieties, which are used in traditional medicine.

Amaryllis .

Harmful houseplants of the amaryllis family - amaryllis belladonna and hemanthus. They have poison contained in the leaves and bulb. Because of the beauty of these plants, they are grown not only at home, but also in children's institutions and offices. Hemanthuses are more toxic, they can cause allergic reactions, even when caring for them, if precautions are not taken.

poinsettia .

Harmful indoor plants are also known from the euphorbia family. You can often find among the home flowers such a representative as poinsettia. For its originality, poinsettia received a different name - " star of bethlehem". Its flowers appear to be double as each flower is framed by a bright red bract. Even with a slight damage to the stem or leaf, toxic juice is released, which, if it gets on the skin, causes itching and irritation, and if it gets into the eyes of an animal or person, it can go blind for a while.

poinsettia .

Botanists include azalea (rhododenron family) as harmful houseplants - a lushly flowering plant with double or simple bright colors, flower growers breed them in large quantities because they bloom for a long time (2-2.5 months) and saturate the room with aroma. However, they can cause dizziness and even loss of consciousness if the room is not well ventilated. Azaleas contain drugs.

Everyone's favorite ivy, also refers to harmful indoor plants. Without a doubt, it is beneficial because it cleans the room of harmful chemicals, fungi and bacteria do not like it, but its stems and leaves are very poisonous. If a domestic rodent wants to try it, then this will lead to his death. Sometimes ivy can bloom, its flowers smell unpleasant, and its fruits are even more poisonous, so it is better to remove the buds that have not yet blossomed.

poisonous indoor plants

Do you like it when flowers are always fragrant in the apartment? Yes, for me! Unfortunately, not all flowers take root in me, some fall or fade after some time. However, there are those that grow and bloom for many years, filling the house with joyful emotions. Adults, children and animals rejoice in flowers, but everyone has a different attitude towards them. Adults will come up and admire the plant, and the mood immediately rises. Children, and especially small ones, will look at the plant, touch it, they can even tear off a flower or leaf, taste it or dig into the ground. These "kind" kids can even offer to try a leaf for a cat. I think this is familiar to many and what do you think about it? It's okay, it's a pity, perhaps one flower? Let them try, maybe it will even be useful. I thought the same until I found out that most houseplants are dangerous not only for animals, but also for humans. To be honest, I was scared, because you can expect anything from animals and children. So what danger can houseplants pose? Which of them are the most dangerous? What to do when a child or animal has tasted poisonous plant? Let's figure this out together.

In indoor plants, only some parts (leaves or flowers) or milk (plant juice) can be poisonous, or the whole plant can be poisonous.

Plant poison, getting inside the human or animal body, can cause severe poisoning, which can be fatal.

The milk of poisonous plants, getting on the skin, causes irritation, burning, burns, dermatitis (depending on the plant).

If the poison of the plant gets into the eyes, there is a burning sensation and even short-term blindness may appear.

The smell and fumes of some poisonous houseplants cause allergic reactions and even asthma.

Unfortunately, the list of poisonous plants is simply huge, having studied their list, I realized that it includes many well-known and beloved houseplants by flower growers. For example, Oleander and Adenium are considered the most dangerous! one has only to taste one leaf, as it will cause the death of an adult, not to mention children. All types of lilies are also considered dangerous for children and animals. Their strong smell can cause headaches, dizziness, allergies, and even fainting. And if your child decides to taste the pollen from a flower or leaf, then this can be fatal.

Another group of poisonous indoor plants: Cladium, Spathiphyllum, Monstera, Dieffenbachia and other plants from the Aroid family. The Dieffenbachia plant is considered the most dangerous, so if your child has tasted its leaf, take action immediately (we'll talk about them a little later). They are also dangerous: Begonias, Ivy, Schefflera. Hydrangea and Azalea are dangerous because they contain a poisonous substance - cyanide. Poisonous and euphorbia family - Croton (Kodieum), Euphorbia. From Nightshade - Nightshade, when children see bright and beautiful fruits their natural reaction is to try them! After all, they do not know that not everything beautiful is edible and tasty. And it seems to me that simple parental warnings will not affect them. Unless you make up a story for them about how one of the heroes ate Nightshade fruits. It was a discovery for me that Ficus, which we consider to be excellent air purifiers, turns out to be a danger to humans and animals. Moreover, neither warnings nor fairy tales will save from their poisonous effects - their fumes are dangerous! That is, if a ficus grows in an apartment and a child lives in it, then he may develop an allergy or, even worse, asthma. It seems to me that this is an individual predisposition, it may also turn out that the ficus will not pose any danger to the child. There is also a group of low-toxic domestic plants that cannot cause serious harm to humans and animals, and the consequences of their exposure can be easily dealt with. Although the harm is small from them, you still need to know these plants. Geranium and Kalanchoe, which we use in the treatment of otitis and runny nose. Dracaena. There are so many poisonous indoor plants, so which of them can be bred in your home and not be afraid for your health and loved ones? Well, for example, Orchid, Usambar violet and Hibiscus are not only safe for us, but also incredibly beautiful! Among them, my favorite is Hibiscus, which blooms early spring and pleases the eye until the deepest autumn, perfectly tolerates cold and heat. Well, here we have considered which houseplants are dangerous, but this does not mean at all that we must immediately get rid of them. You just need to know what measures to take if plant poisoning occurs. The rules are familiar to everyone and extremely simple, if the poison has entered the body, it is urgently necessary: ​​- drink plenty of water. - Take activated charcoal. - if necessary, rinse the stomach, if you yourself cannot do it, then call ambulance or ask your doctor for help. - if the poison has got on the mucous membrane of the eye or skin, it is necessary to rinse this area under running water.

If, with the advent of a new plant in the house, the child has an allergic reaction, remove the plant from the room for a while, it may be the culprit of the allergy.

I really hope that the article will be useful to you. And I wish that your houseplants continue to please you and do no harm.

Fashionable now houseplants do not always serve as decoration and please the eye. Sometimes they can slowly kill people and animals living in the house. In order not to become a victim of domestic killer flowers, first familiarize yourself with their properties and characteristics.

Aroid

The most popular and fashionable now indoor plants of this family are dieffenbachia, philodendron, syngonium, caladium, monstera and spathiphyllum. We see them in offices, apartments, flower shops. But, unfortunately, often even sellers do not know all the features of a particular plant.

Aroid juice is rich in a very dangerous amino acid asparagine, which causes inflammation of the mucous membranes. In addition, it contains calcium oxalate crystals, which are irritating to the mouth and throat. Also, these substances can cause suffocation. It is possible that eating the leaves of these plants will lead to indigestion, vomiting, and profuse salivation.

Euphorbia

AT recent times the housewives especially liked spurge or euphorbia. He is very dangerous. The juice of the plant has the appearance of white milk, a pungent odor and can cause skin irritation, burns and allergies. When the juice gets on the mucous membrane, ulcers form, in the eye - inflammation and temporary blindness. If the leaf of milkweed is in the stomach of a child or animal, this will lead to severe vomiting, diarrhea and convulsions.

Nightshade

The fruits of the Jerusalem cherry remind children of small tomatoes. Therefore, make sure that neither the baby nor, for example, the cat, eats these berries. The flowers of this plant contain a poisonous glycoalkaloid - solanine, toxic even in small quantities. Eating fruits can cause abdominal cramps, headaches, paralysis of the respiratory and circulatory systems.

Kutrovye

A very beautiful and sophisticated plant of this family - oleander - is the decoration of any hall, whether it is an office center or Vacation home. But as beautiful as it is, it is just as harmful because of the content of the deadly poison oleanin.

As a result of poisoning with this plant, after a few hours, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, bloody diarrhea, tachycardia, and impaired visual function may appear. There are also cases when the matter ended with a slow irregular pulse, a drop in blood pressure, followed by cardiac arrest.

First aid for poisoning

First of all, try to arrange all the plants listed above in the house in such a way that neither the child nor the animals can reach them.

Secondly, perform any manipulations with these plants with gloves and goggles so that the juice does not get on the skin and eyes.

If it happens that you observe symptoms such as burns of the mouth and throat, inflammation of the lips, severe salivation, difficulty swallowing, respiratory distress, nausea, vomiting, severe burns and reddening of the eyes, watery eyes, rinse abundantly with mucous membranes and eyes with water. The baby's stomach can be washed with potassium permanganate or with activated carbon. Be sure to call the doctor at home or take the child to the clinic.

If you notice oddities in the behavior of a cat or dog - they rub their muzzle with their paws, foamy saliva flows from their mouths, their eyes turn red, and bites or scratches are noticeable on plants, rinse the animal's mucous membranes with plenty of running water. Inside, try to give activated charcoal with liquid. Your pet will absolutely need a veterinary examination.

Do not forget also that these plants are dangerous not only when juice gets on parts of the body, but also with volatile substances that are released during their flowering period. These plants are especially dangerous in a closed, unventilated area. Then the victims have a headache and dizziness.

In allergy sufferers, poisonous flowers cause bronchial asthma, swelling of the mucous membranes, vomiting and diarrhea.

List of dangerous house plants:

1. Acalypha hispida (Acalypha bristle-haired): milky juice is dangerous.
2. Adenium obesum (adenium obese): milky juice is dangerous.
3. Ageratum houstonianum (ageratum, or long-flowered): all parts of the plant are dangerous.
4. Aglaonema (aglaonema): all parts of the plant are dangerous.
5. Allamanda cathartica (allamanda laxative): all parts of the plant are dangerous.
6. Alocasia (alokaziya): all parts of the plant are dangerous.
7. Anthurium scherzerianum (Scherzer Anthurium): all parts of the plant are dangerous.
8. Asparagus (asparagus): berries are dangerous.
9. Aucuba japonica (Japanese aucuba): berries are dangerous.
10. Begonia-Semperflorens hybrid (ever flowering begonia, hybrids): all parts of the plant are dangerous.
11. Browallia (browllia): all parts of the plant are dangerous.
12. Brunfelsia (brunfelsia): all parts of the plant are dangerous.
13. Buxus sempervirens (boxwood): dangerous leaves.
14. Capsicum annuum (pepper): all parts of the plant are dangerous.
15. Carissa macrocarpa (large-fruited carissa): all parts of the plant are dangerous, except for the fruits.
16. Cassia (cassia): all parts of the plant are dangerous.
17. Catharanthus roseus (pink catharanthus): all parts of the plant are dangerous.
18. Cestrum (cestrum): all parts of the plant are dangerous.
19. Clivia miniata (cinnabar clivia): all parts of the plant are dangerous, the fruits are most poisonous.
20. Codiaeum variegatum (variegated codiaeum): milky juice is dangerous.
21. Colchicum autumnale (autumn colchicum): all parts of the plant are dangerous.
22. Convallaria majalis (May lily of the valley): berries are dangerous.
23. Cysas revoluta (drooping cycas): all parts of the plant are dangerous.
24. Cytisus (broom): all parts of the plant are dangerous.
25. Datura (datura): all parts of the plant are dangerous.
26. Dieffenbachia (diffenbachia): all parts of the plant are dangerous.
27. Dipladenia (dipladenia, or mandevila): all parts of the plant are dangerous.
28. Euphorbia milii (Euphorbia milii brilliant): Dangerous milky juice.
29. Gloriosa superba (luxurious gloriosa): the tubers of the plant are dangerous.
30. Haemanthus (gemanthus): bulbs are dangerous.
31. Hedera helix (evergreen ivy): The berries and leaves of the plant are dangerous.
32. Heliotropium arborescens (tree heliotrope): all parts of the plant are dangerous.
33. Hippeastrum (hippeastrum): all parts of the plant are dangerous.
34. Hoya (hoya): all parts of the plant are dangerous.
35. Hyachinthus orientalis (oriental hyacinth): bulbs are dangerous.
36. Iris (iris): all parts of the plant are dangerous.
37. Jatropha podagrica (gouty jatropha): all parts of the plant are dangerous.
38. Lantana (lantana): all parts of the plant are dangerous.
39. Lathyrus odoratus (sweet pea): dangerous seeds.
40. Lilium (lily): bulbs are dangerous.
41. Lonicera (honeysuckle): dangerous berries.
42. Monstera deliciosa (monstera attractive): all parts of the plant are dangerous.
43. Narcissus (narcissus): bulbs are dangerous.
44. Nerium oleander (common oleander): all parts of the plant are dangerous.
45. Pachpodium (Pachypodium): The trunk and leaves of the plant are dangerous.
46. ​​Petunia (petunia): all parts of the plant are dangerous.
47. Philodendron (philodendron): all parts of the plant are dangerous.
48. Primula obconica: all parts of the plant are dangerous.
49. Ricinus communis (common castor bean): the seeds of the plant are dangerous.
50. Senecio bicolor (cineraria, ragwort): all parts of the plant are dangerous.
51. Salanum pseudocarpsicum (false nightshade): all parts of the plant are dangerous, berries are more dangerous.
52. Trachelospermum jasminoides (trachelospermum jasminoides): milky juice is dangerous. 53. Tulipa (tulip): bulbs are dangerous.
54. Zantedeschia (Zantedeschia, kala): all parts of the plant are dangerous.

Before you follow the fashion and mindlessly collect unknown plants, remember: it is better not to have any flowers in the house at all than to reproach yourself later for the consequences of a frivolous purchase.

Eco-friendly home: Are there indoor plants dangerous to human life and health? After reading horror stories on the net, many are frantically looking for reliable information about harmful and dangerous indoor flowers and plants, and some hastily get rid of their pets. So can plants pose a threat to your health?

Are there indoor plants dangerous to human life and health? After reading horror stories on the net, many are frantically looking for reliable information about harmful and dangerous indoor flowers and plants, and some hastily get rid of their pets.

So can plants pose a threat to your health? For frivolous people - definitely YES! In the same way that washing powders and medicines are dangerous, vinegar and lemon acid, paints and varnishes. If these substances get to children, if they roll around unattended and are not used for their intended purpose, then they are dangerous!

Some plants in your home have a caustic sap that causes irritation when it comes into contact with the skin and mucous membranes. This is manifested by reddening of the skin, tearing, burning eyes.

Puan settia

Codiaum (croton)

These plants are almost all spurges - poinsettia ("Christmas star"), spurge Mil, codiaum (croton), akalifa. When pruning such plants, white juice flows. When transplanting them, it is recommended to wash your hands well and not to touch your eyes and mouth with your hands. Poisonous and many other plants - dieffenbachia, monstera, aglaonema, ficus.

Almost all indoor flower lovers will claim that they have never had any problems with poisoning their plants. And they will tell the truth! It is customary and natural for them to treat flowers with care, wash their hands after transplanting and pruning, and not chew cookies in the process. But explain that to a two-year-old curious toddler! If the family has a small child, it is better to keep such plants away from him.

Molochay Mile

Akalifa

Plants are the most dangerous allergic one of the family members. If you notice that after contact with a flower, itching occurs, a rash appears, severe salivation appears, eyes, lips or other parts of the body swell, then be careful - these are dangerous signs of an allergy!

Allergies can have asthmatic symptoms: shortness of breath, cough. In this case, you need to urgently get rid of a houseplant that is dangerous for you. If a severe allergic reaction occurs in a child, it is better to consult a doctor immediately! Allergies in some people are caused by well-known plants -geranium , primrose. Maybe not the plant itself is dangerous, but the substrate in which it grows, mold in it, for example.

But for the vast majority of people, such a reaction to home flowers is not typical, and it is not reasonable to be afraid of geraniums, which have been grown in every home since the last century.

Oleander

Also very dangerous plants of the Kutrov family (Apocynaceae) and his famous representative oleander. Plants of this family - adenium, carissa, mandevil - contain substances that affect cardiac activity. From contemplating these beautiful plants there will be no harm, serious danger threatens only those who eat flowers or leaves that taste unpleasant. There are people who try to be treated with unknown plants, this is not worth doing.

You have to be careful during abundant flowering plants, especially those with a strong aroma. Often they are kept in a closed unventilated area, which can cause headache, dizziness.

Indoor plants in the house create a pleasant atmosphere of beauty and comfort, saturate the air with oxygen and purify it from harmful impurities, give joy and good mood. And it is from the reasonable handling of flowers and ornamental plants of the inhabitants of the house that their safety depends.

Before you read the list of "harmful" plants and rush to throw out your favorites, here's what to think about. Houseplants are sold in flower shops different countries, flower business run by reputable companies. They don't need millions of dollars in lawsuits from people affected by dieffenbachia or potted oleander. Therefore, the risks are assessed and calculated, with proper handling, all houseplants from the store are safe. Where did the rumors of danger come from?

Myths about incredibly dangerous indoor plants give rise to stories associated with the manifestations of an unusually strong allergic reaction in some people. Any recommendations general are inappropriate here, the reactions are very individual.

This will be of interest to you:

The fact that children require constant supervision is also not discussed. If a child picks a bitter leaf and chews it, if he picks out an onion from a pot and tastes it, then it is not the indoor plants that are to blame, but the bad nanny.

It is important to understand that indoor plants are not for food, they are not consumed inside. They are for beauty and air quality. The main thing - be sure to take precautions when caring for home flowers, wear gloves when transplanting or pruning. published

Many plants present in our homes and gardens can not only cause severe poisoning, but even death. They are especially dangerous for children. In some flowers, only certain parts are poisonous, in others all, and such as clivia, cotyledon, even fumes give poisonous. We have compiled a list of the most dangerous plants, with a photo and description of the consequences of poisoning.

Be careful, take care of yourself and children!

Rhododendrons are completely poisonous, cause convulsions and clouding of consciousness.

Ivy evergreen: causes delusional states, cardiac arrest. Poisonous berries and leaves.

Boxwood is poisonous all over, but the leaves are especially dangerous. Even if you eat a couple of leaves, then at first there will be convulsions, and then there will be a respiratory arrest.

The broom is also all poisonous, even other plants do not want to grow next to it, it causes severe convulsions, and then a quick death. Broom venom was widely used in the Middle Ages.

Trichocereus. All parts of the plant are poisonous, causing paralysis of the central nervous system, blindness, and death.

Persian cyclamen is a favorite home flower. The most poisonous seeds and roots cause convulsions and respiratory arrest.

Datura is poisonous all over. Every year, children are poisoned with seeds - they are large and attractive in appearance. Only half can be saved. Signs: paralysis of the respiratory tract, coma. death.

Digitalis - all poisonous, especially juice. It causes clouding of consciousness, convulsions, severe vomiting.

Dieffenbachia grows in every third house. Few people know that its juice causes paralysis. All parts of the plant are poisonous.

Dioscorea - just break a twig or pick up a tuber - and departure is guaranteed. Juice Eaten leaf or berries - respiratory arrest, death.

Colchicum autumn (this is not saffron, it flowers in autumn). Everything is poisonous, especially tubers - you should not dig it up for the garden. CNS damage, paralysis.

Adenium obese. Poisonous milky juice, used as a poison for arrows. CNS damage, paralysis.

Garnet. All parts of the plant are poisonous, except for the fruit. Internal bleeding, convulsions, coma.

Cotyledon is round, poisonous all over, especially foliage. Causes hallucinations, convulsions, paralysis.

Oleander common. One leaf contains a lethal dose of poisons for humans, it is also better not to smell the flowers. Can't be kept in the bedroom.

Castor bean: very poisonous seeds, result: bloody diarrhea, death.

Passiflora bodily. Poisonous plant, except for the fruits (they are very tasty). Causes blindness and paralysis.

Pachypodium Lamera is a very poisonous plant, first convulsions, then death - it takes only 10 minutes, a couple of drops of juice on the skin or mucous membranes are enough.

Amaryllis belladonna, all poisonous, especially bulbs and juice. Used as poison for arrows.

Clivia cinnabar. Leaves and roots are poisonous. It produces fumes that cause headaches and blurred vision.

Sauromatum veiny. All parts of the plant are poisonous, respiratory paralysis and death.

Jatropha gouty causes collapse, memory loss, death, all parts of the plant are poisonous.

The Japanese euonymus is poisonous all over. Children may mistake for edible berries. Seizures, paralysis, irreversible brain damage.

Aglaonema changeable is a very poisonous plant that causes irreversible damage to the central nervous system.

Gloriosa deluxe: convulsions, respiratory arrest. All parts of the plant are poisonous, especially the tubers. Do not keep in the bedroom and children's room - it gives evaporation before the rain.

Since harmful and poisonous plants are widely distributed among forage grasses, it is necessary to characterize them both in terms of their chemical composition and in terms of their effect on the animal organism.

harmful plants

Harmful plants include those that do not contain toxic substances and are even considered nutritious, but eating them can lead to spoilage of animal products (meat, wool, milk), damage the health of animals, and sometimes even lead to death. Plants such as cottongrass (Eriophorum L.), bristly calf (Cirsium setorum M. B.), gray bristle (Setaria glauca P. B.), when eaten by animals, cause severe indigestion, sometimes leading to death as a result of formation in the stomach of spherical lumps of hairs (the so-called phytobezoars) that prevent the passage of food. There are harmful plants covered with thorns or having hard, needle-like seeds, which, when eaten, damage the skin, stomach and intestines, causing inflammation. Such plants include, for example, hairy feather grass, or tyrsa (Stipa capillata L.), wild wheat (Aegllops L. triuncialis L.), Velcro trailer (Caucalis lappula L.). Especially great harm to sheep is caused by feather grass and some other feather grasses, the sharp grains of which get into the wool, penetrate deep into the muscle tissue, causing purulent inflammation, sometimes leading to death. Small plants spoil wool, such as small alfalfa, or Crimean agrimony (Medicago .minima Batt.), Black Velcro (Lappula echinata Gilib.), Recumbent pinworm (Asperugo procumbens L.), etc. There are quite a lot of plants that, when eaten by cows give milk bad smell spoil its taste: colza (Barbarea Beck.), mustard (Sinapis L.), yaputka (Thiaspi L.), stinky resin (Ferula assafoetida), common reed (Phragmitcs communis Trin.), wild species cabbage (Brassica L.), onion (Allium L.), species of wormwood (Artemisia L.), etc. There are also plants that color milk in different colors - blue, red, yellow. Such plants include maryanniki (Melampyrum L.), forget-me-nots (Myosotis L.), blueberries (Mercurialis L.), bedstraws (Galium L.), spurge (Euphorbia L.), wild types of onions (Allium L.), etc. Some plants, such as trash bugs (Lepidium ruderale L.), pickles (Galeopsis L.), spring camelina (Camelina glabrata Fritsch.), spoil the taste of meat, give it an unpleasant odor.

poisonous plants

Poisonous plants include those plants, the eating of which by animals causes serious disorders in the body, and in some cases (with severe poisoning) leads to death. 378 species known to be poisonous, and 329 species suspected of being poisonous, i.e., those that can lead to poisoning of animals, have been identified. Together they make up 15% of the studied species, i.e., a significant part of the flora of our country. Many poisonous plants have an unpleasant smell and taste, and livestock do not eat them or eat them badly, however, due to the high prevalence of poisonous plants, poisoning of animals is not uncommon, sometimes even ending in their death. Poisonous plants pose a particular danger to young animals, which are less able to distinguish between harmful and poisonous herbs and therefore are more likely to be poisoned. The poisonous (toxicity) of plants is explained by the content of certain chemical compounds in them, the main of which are alkaloids, glucosides, essential oils, organic acids. The formation and accumulation of toxic substances in different phases of plant development occur differently. So, in hellebore, young, unblown sprouts are the most poisonous; young parts of Datura contain more alkaloids than ripe ones; accumulates in the milky juice of immature poppy heads the largest number alkaloids, which decreases with maturation. Poisonous substances are concentrated in certain plant organs, sometimes even in separate parts these organs. For example, in a milestone of poisonous, aconite, hellebore, they are deposited mainly in the rhizome, in foxglove - in leaves, in cockle in seeds. The content of toxic substances in plants is determined different ways: for example, alkaloids - by microchemical methods (isolation of alkaloids in the form of undissolved precipitates in the cell cavity); glucosides - by extracting them from the test material with alcohol and an alcoholic solution of tartaric acid. External conditions have a greater influence on the formation of toxic substances in plants. In some of them (henbane, belladonna, etc.), the amount of toxic substances can vary greatly depending on the area. There is evidence that hellebore within Altai not only does not have poisonous properties, but, on the contrary, a completely satisfactory fodder plant; aconite, which grows in the Scandinavian countries, is not poisonous at all, and its young shoots are even used as human food. The content of toxic substances also depends on local environmental, climatic, soil and other conditions. For example, bitterwort grown on the dry, elevated plains of the Ural steppes is slightly poisonous, and sometimes not poisonous at all; growing in flooded places along the Ural River contains a significant amount of toxic substances; growing on saline soils off the coast of the Caspian Sea is particularly toxic. It has been established that poisonous plants grown in the shade are more toxic than plants grown in open sunny places. In some plants (datura, henbane) toxic substances are formed more intensively at night. In rainy and cold weather, in some plants (Belladonna, Datura, Aconite, etc.), the formation of toxic substances is weakened. Thus, the same poisonous plants may contain different amounts of toxic substances depending on the vegetation phase, soil and climatic conditions, and geographical location. It has been established that animals accustomed to eating certain poisonous plants can painlessly eat them in such quantity that it will be a lethal dose for those animals that have not eaten these plants before. These herbs include chickweed, cockle, etc. All this indicates the conditional nature of classifying certain plants as poisonous, therefore, data on a number of plants recognized as poisonous are often contradictory. However, this circumstance should not weaken attention not only to obviously poisonous plants, but also to those suspicious of poisonousness. To prevent the possibility of animal poisoning, poisonous and poisonous plants must be eradicated from grass stands of natural fodder lands. Measures to combat harmful and poisonous plants will be discussed when considering the improvement of natural hayfields and pastures. Poisonous plants are found among all groups of plants, but not to the same degree. Thus, when studying fodder plants growing on natural fodder lands, it was revealed that the majority of poisonous plants belong to the group of forbs. Many poisonous and suspicious plants in this group belong to the following families (as a percentage of the number of species studied):
ranunculus - 49
cruciferous - 28
lily-21
yarrow-14
umbrella-12
clove - 11

There are also families in the forbs group that include a huge number of poisonous plants (for example, euphorbia contain 94%, nightshade - 89%), but their participation in the herbage is small. Among the most common families, important in their own way economic importance There are relatively few poisonous herbs. For example, among grasses, poisonous and suspicious in terms of toxicity account for 2% of the total number of species studied, among legumes - 5, sedges - 1, and among herbs among Compositae - 8, haze - 3%. brief description the most common types of poisonous plants.

Buttercup poisonous

Buttercup poisonous (Ranunculus sceleratus L.) is a perennial plant from the buttercup family. The stem is straight, furrowed, abundantly covered with leaves, 15-45 cm high. The flowers are small yellow. Distributed throughout Russia. It is found in wet meadows, as well as along the banks of rivers, ponds, marshes, in ditches, etc. It contains the poisonous substance protoanemonin, which belongs to the group of lactones. When animals are poisoned with ranunculus, the digestive tract and kidneys are severely affected, weakness, convulsions occur, the ability to stand is lost, and often animals die soon after poisoning.

kaluzhnitsa

Marigold (Caltha palustris L.) - perennial from the buttercup family. The leaves are whole, reniform, the stem is ascending, glabrous, 25-50 cm high. The flowers are yellow, large. It grows in all regions of the Republic. It occurs most often along the banks of rivers, in ditches, in wet meadows. It is reluctantly eaten by livestock, as it has a bitter, bad taste. Just like the poisonous ranunculus, it contains protoanemonin. When poisoned, animals develop colic, diarrhea, urine is often excreted; mainly affects the gastrointestinal tract, and sometimes the kidneys. Kaluzhnitsa does not lose its poisonous properties even in hay. When feeding grass with a high content of marigold, fatal poisoning of horses and cattle was observed.

Poisonous walker

The poisonous walker (Sisymbrium toxophyllum S. A. M.) is an annual plant from the cruciferous family, 15-25 cm high. The leaves on the stem are sessile, lanceolate, arrow-shaped at the base of the stem. Flowers small, white. It grows mainly in the steppes. Occurs in wet saline places, widely distributed in the Trans-Volga region. Contains the toxic substance glucoside. Signs of poisoning; salivation, colic, outflow of foamy fluid from the nostrils, severe shortness of breath, fever body, strong excitability. The disease lasts 2-3 days, in severe cases, 5-7 days. Often, poisoning occurs in animals when they eat hay containing a large amount of gulyavnik.

Milestone poisonous

Veh poisonous ( Cicuta virosa L.) is a perennial plant from the umbrella family. The stem is branched, hollow, up to 1-1.5 m high. The leaves are tripartitely dissected. The flowers are white, the achenes are spherical. The rhizome is fleshy, thick, often protrudes above the soil surface. It grows mainly in the forest and forest-steppe zones, but is found everywhere. Grows in wet and damp meadows, along the banks of rivers and ponds. One of the most poisonous plants. It contains the main toxic substance cicutotoxin and, in addition, the alkaloid cicutin. Cicutotoxin has an excitatory effect on the medulla oblongata and spinal cord, causing convulsions in animals and increasing their general excitability. All parts of the plant, both green and dried, are poisonous, especially the rhizomes. The milestone is poisonous, as a rule, it is not eaten by livestock. However, in the spring, due to the lack of other green vegetation, animals eat the shoots of this plant, tearing it out of the ground along with the rhizomes, which can cause severe poisoning, respiratory paralysis and death.

Muretia

Muretia (Muretia lutea L.) is a perennial plant from the umbrella family, 50-100 cm high. It has a tuberous root, pinnately dissected leaves. The flowers are yellow, small, collected in an umbrella with 7-12 unequal thin rays. Distributed in the south and southeast of the European part of Russia and in Central Asia. Grows on sandy and clay soils, found on fallows, in crops. There are no poisonous substances in the vegetative organs before fruiting, but there are poisonous substances in the fruits, and therefore it is by no means possible to feed this plant to animals on grazing or in the form of hay mowed during the fruiting period. In case of poisoning, a strong excitation of animals is observed, then paralysis and convulsions occur. In case of deaths, signs of catarrh of the gastrointestinal tract, and in some cases of the upper respiratory tract, were revealed.

hemlock spotted

Spotted hemlock (Conium maculatum L.) is a biennial plant from the Umbelliferae family. The stem is strongly branched, up to 1-2 m high. The leaves are tri-pinnately dissected, with spots. Flowers small, white. The fruits are two-seeded. It grows throughout Russia, except for Eastern Siberia and Far East. It occurs in weedy places, in vegetable gardens, in bushes and along river banks. A very poisonous plant. Contains alkaloids conine, cophydrin, methylconine. All parts of plants are poisonous, but especially fruits and roots. On pastures, cattle usually do not eat spotted hemlock because of its unpleasant mouse smell, however, there are cases of mass poisoning, mainly of cattle, when grazing hungry animals. In hay, poisonous properties do not disappear. Hemlock poisoning has a paralyzing effect: general weakness is observed, the temperature decreases, sensitivity disappears, breathing becomes difficult. Recovery can occur in 2-3 days; with severe poisoning, death from respiratory paralysis occurs within a few hours.

Hellebore

Hellebore (Veratrum L.) is a perennial plant from the lily family. Stem height 1 m and above. The leaves are large, broadly oval, amplexicaul. The flowers are small, yellowish green. The rhizome is thick. In the former USSR, there are seven types of hellebore, of which the most common white hellebore (V. lobelianum Bernh) is a very poisonous plant, its underground parts are especially poisonous. It occurs almost throughout Russia, with the exception of the Far North. It grows widely in wet meadows and pastures, mainly in the forest and forest-steppe zones. Despite the wide distribution of hellebore, poisoning by it on pastures is very rare, since it is not eaten by livestock due to its pungent taste. However, small livestock (sheep, calves) often eat it and become poisoned. Significantly more often, poisoning occurs when feeding with hay mixed with hellebore. Hellebore contains alkaloids protoveratrin, protoveratridine, etc. Signs of poisoning: severe nervous excitement, vomiting, colic, diarrhea. In severe cases, convulsions appear, foam from the nostrils, rapid breathing and heartbeat, death occurs from a decline in cardiac activity.

Colchicum autumn

Autumn colchicum (Colchicum autumnale L.) is a perennial plant from the lily family. The stem is up to 15 cm high. The flowers are pink or purple-pink. Blooms in autumn. Distributed in the west and southwest of the European part of Russia. Grows in wet meadows. Contains the alkaloid colchicine. All parts of the plant are poisonous, toxicity does not disappear even when dried. Poisoning is severe. Animals lose their appetite, there is a disorder of the digestive tract, breathing is disturbed and especially the activity of the heart, death often occurs from heart paralysis. However, cases of animal poisoning by colchicum are very rare.

3 starflower

Starflower (Stellaria graminea L.) is a perennial plant from the clove family. Stem branched, (Rising, 15-60 cm high. Leaves lanceolate, sharp, white flowers. Grows almost throughout Russia. Occurs in fields, along forest edges, river banks, meadows. Hay, which contains a lot of asterisks, bears the local name "drunken hay" ("drunken grass"). When eating such hay, animals develop general weakness, unsteady gait, fever, shortness of breath. After 2-3 days, these phenomena disappear.

Gorchak

Gorchak (Acroptilon picris C. A. M.) is a perennial plant from the Asteraceae family: The stem is branched, 30-50 cm high. The leaves are lanceolate. The flowers are pink. It grows in the southern, southeastern regions of the European part of Russia, in the Crimea, Central Asia. A pernicious weed in fields, meadows and pastures. On pastures it is eaten badly, in hay-satisfactorily. Contains toxic substances - alkaloids. Causes severe poisoning of animals, mainly horses. Hay containing up to 50% bitterness is poisonous to horses. When poisoned, there is a strong excitation, muscle cramps, digestion is disturbed, animals stop taking food and water and die from exhaustion. However, the toxicity of bitter bitter is associated with environmental conditions. The most poisonous bitter bitter grows on saline soils along the shores of the Caspian Sea. Gorchak, growing in the steppes of the Urals, does not have poisonous properties.

Broom bicolor

Two-colored broom (Cytisus biflorus L.) is a shrub from the legume family, 1-2 m high. The leaves are long-leaved, trifoliate. Flowers golden yellow. The fruit is a bean. Distributed in the steppe regions, less often in the forest and forest-steppe zones. It grows on the sands in depressions, on the steppe slopes. A very poisonous plant. Both ground and underground parts are poisonous; when dried, toxicity does not disappear. Contains the alkaloid cytisine. Horses are more often poisoned, less often cattle, and only when there are absolutely no other plants to eat. Signs of poisoning: a disorder of respiratory and cardiac activity, trembling of the legs; in case of severe poisoning, death can quickly occur.

Datura vulgaris

Common Datura (Datura stramonium L.) is an annual plant from the nightshade family. The stem is strongly branched, up to 1 m high. The leaves are large, petiolate, large-notched. The flowers are very large, white, fragrant. The fruit is a capsule containing many seeds. Grows everywhere. Clogs vegetable gardens, grows in wastelands. Contains alkaloids hyoscyamine, scopolamine, atropine. All parts of the plant are poisonous, especially the fruit. Adult animals do not eat dope, but young animals, such as calves, sometimes eat leaves and flowers, resulting in severe poisoning, often ending in death from heart failure.

Henbane black

Black henbane (Hyoscyamus niger L.) is a biennial plant from the nightshade family. The stem is thick, branched, sticky, 25-50 cm high. The leaves are large, pinnately lobed. Flowers in whorls, large. Corolla dark white earthy color. The fruit is a capsule, the seeds are small, resembling poppy seeds. The plant emits a heavy, unpleasant smell. It occurs throughout Russia, except for the North, and is especially common in Central Asia. Grows near housing, "in gardens, as well as on fallows in the steppe zone. Weed. Very poisonous. Contains alkaloids hyoscyamine, scopolamine. Seeds are especially poisonous. Cases of bleached poisoning are rare, since animals usually do not eat it because of the unpleasant smell and taste However, poisoning of cows and calves, and even fatal cases, has sometimes been observed.

Spurge

Euphorbia (Euphorbia L.) is a perennial (sometimes annual) plant from the Euphorbia family. AT former USSR there are 175 species. A characteristic feature of euphorbia is the content of poisonous milky juice in the stems, leaves and other organs. stems at various kinds milkweeds from 20 to 80 cm high. The leaves are alternate and unequal in shape (linear, lanceolate, pointed, oval, obtuse). The flowers are inconspicuous, collected in small inflorescences, which, in turn, form umbrellas. Most common in Russia:
spurge ordinary, or sharp (E. esula L.), growing on roads, in crops, in meadows, among shrubs
spurge vine (E. virgata W. et K.), common in fields, fallows, meadows
spurge Gerard (E. gerardiana-Jacq.) growing mainly in the southern regions, on sandy places, dry slopes, pastures
marsh spurge (E. palustris L.), usually found on the outskirts of swamps, in damp meadows.

The toxicity of milkweed is due to the content in the milky juice of the poisonous substance euforbin, as well as some poisonous alkaloids. When eating milkweed, the mucous membrane of the mouth, pharynx is affected, severe disorders of the gastrointestinal tract (vomiting, diarrhea), colic, convulsions appear, blood circulation is disturbed, with severe poisoning, animals often die. Cattle usually do not eat spurge, but there are still many cases of poisoning of cattle, sheep and goats. As a rule, this happens on such pastures, where different types milkweed - make up the bulk of the vegetation, and the animals are hungry.