Japanese camellia: description and care at home. Camellia flower in different seasons
Japanese camellia (camelia japonica) considered a truly luxurious plant. The plant is not easy to grow, capricious, has its own requirements, which should be strictly adhered to. Otherwise, the sensitive camellia will not be able to show itself in all its glory. If given proper care and attention, it will become a real star among indoor plants in our home.
cultivation
Depending on the variety, Japanese camellia grows to various heights, grown at home reaches about 1 meter in height. In summer, it can be grown on the balcony, taking into account specific needs. If you provide a plant suitable conditions, will bloom with beautiful large flowers, similar to roses with oval, slightly shiny, leathery leaves. Flowers can be white, pink or red. A characteristic feature is the absence of aroma, great view makes up for a slight deficiency. Camellia japanese blooms in spring, the first flowers may appear in February. Flowers have a diameter of up to 12 cm and a crown of 5 to 7 petals.
The plant needs a large number of light, no direct rays. In the period from June to September, the flower is put on a balcony or garden. The pot is placed in the ground in a semi-shaded place, protected from cold gusts of wind and drafts. The flower is irrigated by rain or boiled water. Fertilizers should be applied once a week. In winter or from October, camellia is transferred to a room with a temperature of 10-15 degrees Celsius.
If you don't take care of right temperature, will not reflect well on flower buds. During the flowering period in February, the camellia is moved to a cooler place. During the flowering period, you can adjust the number of flower buds by removing a few, other buds will become larger, showy flowers will appear.
Camellia can be cut a little. During the year, the soil in the pot should be moist, during the development of flower buds, watering is slightly limited. fertilize the plant all year round. You can not turn the pot, camellia is especially sensitive to a change in location. The substrate, a mixture consisting of peat and leafy soil, will be optimal. Limestone soil adversely affects the development of camellia. The flower is transplanted every few years, if necessary. If taken care of properly, the flower will survive many seasons.
reproduction
With the help of apical cuttings, a plant can be propagated, but not in every case it is possible. To succeed, you need to provide the most favorable environment for cuttings and the appropriate conditions. environment. The temperature of the substrate should be approximately 25 degrees, the ambient air 20-22 degrees. Such conditions can be achieved in an incubator.
Temperature and Humidity
Mature specimens of camellia do not respond well to temperature fluctuations, air humidity, too much or too little water. You have to be careful of drafts. Camellia may not do well in rooms with central heating and where it is exposed to bright sun.
Diseases and pests
Sometimes camellias are attacked by aphids. The problem must be solved quickly with the help of special preparations available in garden stores.
Growing camellia japonica is a real challenge. It is enough to gain some experience and know the needs of the plant in order to achieve success. Cheer up, spectacular flowering is worth the effort and hard work on our part.
General information and origin: Japanese camellia- a tree or shrub that belongs to the tea plants of the Camellia genus.
It blooms with a beautiful flower, which always retains admiring glances. From white and soft pink flowers, Japanese camellia can also acquire very bright red and variegated colors.
Japan is considered the birthplace of this beautiful plant, as well as the southwestern part of China. Most often seen in Taiwan, South Korea, Shandong, India, southern japan and Indonesia. And in the state of Alabama, this plant is considered their flower symbol.
The height can range from one and a half to six meters, and in some cases, the height of the Japanese camellia tree can reach eleven meters in height.
Japanese camellia: home care is provided, but must be thorough so that the plant blooms and the flower does not crumble for a long time.
Camellia does not like too hot rooms and drafts.
This species grows well on insulated balconies and loggias, but they cannot be placed directly towards the sun, and the camellia pot should not be rearranged often, as they get used to one place.
Description of the Japanese camellia: The leaves are oval in shape, 5-10 centimeters long, pointed at the tip. Along the edges of the leaves are finely toothed, have a shine and skin figurative view, dark green.
Flowers can be simple, double or semi-double, colors are white, red, pink and variegated shades, in diameter can be from 4 to 12 cm.
They are located on a branch in groups or one at a time.
It usually blooms from December to April.
seeds about round shape, large.
Exist, Japanese camellia can in wild nature, in gardens, in greenhouses and indoors, as potted flowers.
In greenhouses it can sometimes bear fruit.
Lighting: Japanese camellia loves spacious rooms with diffused lighting, which is why good options there will be balconies and loggias. But bright sunlight should not directly fall on the plant. Young flowers prefer more shaded light, while adults prefer brighter.
Temperature: In order for flower buds to bud, a temperature of no higher than 20 degrees is required. During the flowering of the Japanese camellia, the temperature must be kept at a level no higher than 12 degrees.
Since the flowering period is from December to May, it is not difficult to adhere to this, especially if the camellia is located on a balcony or loggia.
Watering: Do not allow the soil in which the Japanese camellia grows to dry out, but at the same time do not flood everything too much with water.
Humidity: Moist air is to the liking of this species.
Soil: This species prefers moist, acidic soil.
It is good to use peat (one part), humus (one part), sand (one part) and leafy soil (two parts) for the composition.
You can also add a little earth from a coniferous forest to the mixture.
Do not forget to add drainage to the soil so that the water does not stagnate in the pot, otherwise the plant may die.
It is necessary to spray the room in which it grows well or use a humidifier.
It is necessary to spray the plant itself every day. To do this, use soft settled water, and direct spraying from top to bottom. Copiously spraying the camellia flowers themselves is not recommended.
It is also very useful to place a tray with wet pebbles at the bottom of the pot, for additional humidification of the air. But make sure that the bottom of the flower pot does not touch the water in the pebbles.
Water as needed to keep the soil slightly moist.
In summer, watering should be a little more abundant. very good to use rain water. Ordinary water must be defended before watering.
A sign of insufficient moisture: the leaves fall off, and if there is too much moisture, the leaves will turn brown and the buds will fall off.
Top dressing: Organic fertilizers are very useful. In the period from spring to autumn, twice a month, the plant must be fed with a liquid fertilizer that does not contain lime.
Fertilizers that are used for orchids are also suitable for feeding.
Transplantation and reproduction:
Only young plants can be transplanted every year. Adults are recommended to transplant once every 2-3 years. This must be done from November to February.
When transplanting, make sure that the root neck of the Japanese camellia is not covered.
You can breed in January and July. To do this, it is necessary to cut off a semi-lignified cutting and place it in a mixture of sand and peat. Then use rooters and cover the pot with polyethylene, forming a kind of greenhouse.
The petiole takes root after 3-4 months.
The next year after rooting, the camellia must be transplanted into a larger pot. After transplanting, it is necessary to pinch the top of the plant in order for the plant to grow.
The first flower buds begin to form from the fourth year.
Japanese camellia flower: home care, photos of varieties with descriptions
It can also be propagated by seeds, but only fresh seeds should be used.
Seeds must be placed in a mixture of sand and peat, covered with polyethylene and grown, maintaining a mark on the thermometer in the region of 21-24 degrees. Then the germinated seedlings must be dived.
Pests and Diseases: Due to excess moisture, the roots can rot and die. Also, Japanese camellia can often be subject to fungal diseases.
A sign of this are brown and gray spots on the leaves of the plant.
Pests: spider mites, aphids, thrips, mealybugs, whiteflies and scale insects.
Medicinal Uses: The plant is considered poisonous, but when used properly, many benefits can be obtained from it.
In China, Japanese camellia is used in folk medicine. The resulting drugs are considered anti-cancer.
In addition to Chinese traditional medicine, pharmacists also often use essential oils that are obtained from camellia flowers. These oils have a tonic, astringent, anesthetic and antiseptic effect.
Title in Russian: Hibiscus
Dirty name: chinese rose, love flower, rosan chinensis
Latin name of the house plant: Hibiscus
Family to which it belongs: Malvaceae(Malvaceae)
There are 200-300 plant species in the hibiscus genus, but for growing at home, they mainly choose the species Chinese hibiscus (Hibiscus rosasinensis)
Morphological features of the Chinese hibiscus:
grows hibiscus in wild environment humid forests of China.
Hibiscus- an evergreen tree or shrub reaching a height of 2-2.5 m. The trunk of a Chinese rose has a dark brown or black bark, young shoots are green in color, but over time they also acquire a woody color.
The Chinese hibiscus tree has dark green smooth with regular arrangement leaves with a serrated edge. They are located on long petioles, sticky juice stands out on the leaves, which is washed off to avoid a large accumulation of dust on the plant and make it easier for the hibiscus to breathe and photosynthesis.
Flowers hibiscus have the shape of a bell with a diameter of 10-12 cm, they can have a wide range of petal colors: from white or pink to burgundy and purple.
Begonia photo
Enlarge photo
Chinese rose care:
unpretentious plant in relation to lighting: can grow both in the shade and under the bright sun. It is undesirable to move from place to place (hibiscus can drop buds).
In summer, flowers are kept at a temperature of 20-25 ° C, in autumn and winter - up to 12-16 ° C.
Watered abundantly especially in summer - immediately after the earth dries out in a pot (3-5 times a week), and in hot weather it needs to be sprayed. In winter, watering hibiscus is reduced and watered 1-2 days after the soil has dried.
Chinese hibiscus is propagated by cuttings in July-August, for this, young branches with 3 internodes are cut. The bottommost sheet is cut off and stuck into a moist soil substrate.
Chinese rose at a young age transplanted every year and now mature plant- 1 time in 5 years. Transplantation is best done in the month of May.
flowering period Chinese rose: from early spring to winter. The flower on the tree lasts only 1 day, but new buds appear every day.
For regular flowering, it is necessary to feed the rose tree weekly with mineral fertilizers.
Hibiscus Care Nuances, Problems and Solutions
! When a huge number of buds appear on a young plant, some of them are removed (about a quarter), to avoid their reset. Because there is a good chance that none of the buds will open and the hibiscus tree will drop them.
Camellia flower: home care. Photo and video. flower varieties
For crown formation and giving a Chinese rose decorative look, it is cut and pinched annually.
Pruning is done in early spring (March-April) to form a lush crown and to increase the number of side branches on which flower buds form.
! If not pruned, the hibiscus will stretch out and not bloom.
! Afraid of drafts and sudden changes in temperature.
! Major pests- aphids and spider mites. Signs of their appearance: twisting and falling leaves, slow growth, cessation of flowering. Eliminate pests with a soapy solution or a cotton swab with this solution, begin frequent spraying (2-3 times a day).
Japanese flower in a pot
So that the music sounds, you need to turn upper part The Muse anti-clockwise until it stops and then release. And then the pot will certainly reproduce one of the melodies embedded in it, and the plant planted in it will slowly rotate to the music, like a ballerina on a music box.
The Smart Music Flower pots are equipped with a high quality 5W speaker. The pot-column is connected to the playing devices wirelessly using Bluetooth. Now there will be no clutter of gadgets on your desktop or bedside table. After all, you can listen to music and enjoy it while looking at your favorite plant. And that is not all!
Japanese camellia: varieties, planting and care at home, reviews, photos
Occasionally creative people they ask the same question: where do the muses live, who give them inspiration, a sense of beauty, a desire to create new masterpieces? But everyone has their own answers to this question. Someone's muse lives in delicious delicacies, someone finds his inspiration in love or, conversely, in suffering, and someone just needs to listen to music. And The Muse plant pot is the muse of a whole group of Korean designers led by Lie Zhong-Fa. From time to time, creative people ask the same question: where do the muses live, who give them inspiration, a sense of beauty, a desire to create new masterpieces? But everyone has their own answers to this question. Someone's muse lives in delicious delicacies, someone finds his inspiration in love or, conversely, in suffering, and someone just needs to listen to music. And The Muse plant pot is the muse of a whole group of Korean designers led by Lie Zhong-Fa.
A very unusual musical flower pot with multi-colored lighting. It is charged from USB, you can listen to music, when you plant a flower, then when you touch the leaves, different notes will play. Awesome gift. Delivery cost by agreement.
Reviews Japanese potted flower
Lilia Fomina: 2 days ago - So that the music starts to play, you need to turn the top of The Muse counterclockwise until it stops, and then release it. And then the pot will certainly reproduce one of the melodies embedded in it, and the plant planted in it will slowly rotate to the music, like a ballerina on a music box.
Sasha Makarova: yesterday - A very unusual musical flower pot with multi-colored lighting. It is charged from USB, you can listen to music, when you plant a flower, then when you touch the leaves, different notes will play. Awesome gift. Delivery cost by agreement. Reviews Japanese flower in a pot
Lilia Makarova: yesterday -. DIY flower pot. I want to show you another simple and affordable option for making a flower pot from a shampoo bottle. Pots for flowers from plastic bottles /inet/. Flower pots can be made from plastic bottle CD disc, stock up on glue for example moment. How to make a flower pot from plastic bottles? Let's cut the bottle sharp knife into two parts. Flower pot from a plastic bottle. How to make a flower pot with your own hands. Cancel subscription to Olena Ivanytska's channel. I already talked about how to make containers for storing food from bottles. For one flower pot, you need to take two 5-liter bottles. How to make original flower pots from plastic bottles yourself? Emphasize the features of the interior and significantly diversify it. We make a homemade planter for a flower pot from plastic bottles. As a rule, flowers and plants create comfort in the house. Flower pots from a plastic bottle. Flower pots can be made from a plastic bottle and a CD. But Special attention I would like to devote to vases and pots With a minimum of effort, you can make magnificent flower vases from plastic bottles. A more effective flower pot from a plastic bottle will turn out if the cut line is curly.]
Japanese flower in a pot
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To check the solved crossword puzzle, click the Check button. If you have any questions, please visit the section. Flower in a pot 3. When you buy a potted rose, carefully consider it - the number of blossoming flowers. In addition, a rose in a pot is a wonderful decoration. If it is planted in an apartment, in a pot, then the room should be sufficiently moist and well ventilated, in the Tunnel of Flowers in Japanese garden. Chrysanthemum is a favorite flower of the Japanese, a symbol of longevity, an important part of their national culture, and young chrysanthemums are planted in pots with a diameter of 20 cm. Japanese style. Deauville Hotel & SPA 5 the best place for a respectable holiday with children in Anapa.
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Outdoor flower potsOriginal DIY gifts ideas
Camellia japonica is an evergreen shrub or small tree of the Tea family. It is distributed in the subtropical and tropical zones of East and Southeast Asia, the Philippine Islands, Japan, Korea and the peninsulas of Indochina.
Description
The leaves are ordinary, glossy, oval, leathery, blunt or sharp, grow 1, sometimes 2-3 pieces. The flowers are quite decorative, individual, large, axillary with a corolla, consist of 5 petals, as well as a mass of stamens folded in a bunch. The palette of tones is limitless - from white to red, scarlet, pink with various transitional colors. Often the flowers are two-colored, with all kinds of stripes, specks, streaks and specks.
Varieties of camellia japonica
Many varieties of the flower have gained mass popularity as significant ornamental, flowering and evergreen crops. They are freely used for landscaping interiors, arranging expositions in parks during the summer season, and even as tea. It looks like Japanese camellia, the photo of which is presented below.
Camellia mountain
Her bush grows to a height of 3-4 m, with thin branches and bright red pubescent flowers. The leaves are elliptical or oblong-oval in shape, 3-6 cm long, 1.5-3 cm wide. Their tops are slightly sharp, the edges are finely serrated, dark green and glossy outside, with inside- hairy-pubescent with a vein.
Flowers solitary or connected in 2-3 pieces, 6-7 cm in diameter, ordinary white, red or pink, with aroma. Blooms well in November-January. As flowering evergreen crops, gardeners propagate, as a rule, horticultural varieties. Camellia japonica (mountain) is also suitable for cold rooms.
camellia sinensis
The birthplace of such a plant is the subtropical and tropical mountain forests of Indochina. It is a small tree or shrub up to 10 m tall with erect shoots. The leaves are ordinary, oblong-oval, narrowed upwards, short-petiolate. Outside, they are dark green in color, light green below, 5-7 cm long, 3-4 cm wide. Young leaves are slightly pubescent. In the pulp of the leaves there are spreading bearing sclereids.
Flowers solitary, fragrant, or 2-4 in leaf recesses. The florets and bracts are placed along a curve. The calyx is joint-leaved, has 5-7 sepals of a rounded shape, which remain with the fetus. The corolla of the plant is 2.5-3 cm in diameter, falls off after flowering. Contains from 5 to 9 white petals with a golden-pink color, in the center connected with each other and with a calyx. The stamens are located in two rings: the outer ones are fused with stamen filaments and take root to the petals, the lower ones are independent with small ovoid anthers. The gynoecium is syncarpous with columns connected to the core.
Camellia japonica (Chinese) has fruits in the form of flattened three-leaved woody boxes. Their seeds are rounded, dark chestnut in color, 10-13 mm long, 1 mm thick. Blooms from early August to late autumn period. Harvest in October-December.
Camellia oleifera
This variety of culture is found in the forests and on the banks of the rivers of China at elevations from 500 to 1300 m above the sea surface. The oil plant is an evergreen tree up to 10 m high. The trunk is covered with a brown crust, it is up to 20 cm in diameter. The leaves are leathery, ordinary, petiolate, alternate, ovoid, pointed at the top. The flowers are white, bisexual, paired, axillary or single, grow in September. Their blooming time lasts until mid-October. Camellia japonica (oilseed) is distinguished by a fruit in the form of a large box with many spherical seeds up to 3 cm long.
How to care for culture at home
Most flower growers consider the plant to be very demanding on care and breeding conditions. This position was formed due to its periodic dropping of buds or leaves. To protect yourself from unpleasant shedding, you need to keep the flower in an environment suitable for it.
The culture will absolutely grow at home if it is placed in a cool room. Camellias do not like when they are turned around relative to the light source or transferred to another place. The flower prefers spaces with fresh air, with the exception of drafts. In this case, he will develop various diseases.
Ground Requirements
Japanese camellia, reviews of which can only be heard good, loves acidic soils. And that's why for its flowering and development, special earthen mixtures are needed, made from well-sifted sand and peat. Mixtures for rhododendrons are great, which can absolutely satisfy all the needs of the plant.
Separately prepared soil mixtures have a slightly acidic reaction. This means that they do not contain lime. In addition, for watering flowers, calcium salts should not be in the water. Therefore, before irrigation, it takes half a day to infuse water if it is not possible to use filtered water.
Suitable lighting
Camellia japonica (the photo of which is presented below) is considered a mountain culture, in this regard, for its flowering, light is needed in large quantities. However, direct sunlight is harmful to her. On the summer season the flower can be taken out into the fresh air, remembering the protection from the sun.
In addition, in order to accumulate strength for the next full bloom, Japanese plants rest period is needed. To ensure it, after flowering, reduce watering and stop feeding camellias. Only with such conscientious care will the culture again delight the household with its chic flowering.
Watering
In the summer season, the flower is watered sufficiently and evenly after the outer layer of the substrate has dried so that the Japanese camellia is not flooded. Home care to avoid acidification of the earth involves a decrease in watering. Due to the dehydration of the soil, the leaves of the plant turn brown, and the buds fall off. From prolonged overdrying, the culture sheds leaves. The flower does not withstand the increased content of calcium in running water, therefore, it is necessary to water with soft settled water. At the stage of development of flower ovaries (in August), it is required to dry the substrate a little, but not until it dries completely.
Temperature regime
Camellia in spring and summer prefers an air temperature of at least 20-25 degrees. To lay the buds, a temperature of 18-20 degrees is needed, and during the blooming period in December-February - 9-12 degrees. At an increased temperature, flowering begins earlier, but the peculiarity of the flowers will be much worse, and there is a risk that the Japanese camellia will drop its buds. Plant care in such a situation will no longer be appropriate.
Transplant and reproduction
The culture should be dived during dormancy (it stays in it at the end of flowering), but no later than the end of July. best term- this is when some buds are preserved on the plant, but the ovaries of the leaves have not yet opened.
Flowers are bred with crown cuttings 6-8 cm long, which have not yet had time to become woody. Do this in January and also in July. The most suitable for these requirements is an indoor greenhouse. When the root system is formed on the cuttings (this will come after 2 months as a result of their planting), they can be planted in the same place. It must also be taken into account that the neck of the camellia, placed between the trunk and roots, should not be covered with soil, otherwise the plant may disappear.
Pests and diseases of camellias
In comparison with other cultures, such flowers practically do not get sick. Aphids may appear on a houseplant, which is usually sprayed with a mixture oil emulsions with soap. This solution is much safer for people than chemicals. In addition to aphids, such emulsions neutralize scale insects and spider mites. But the most serious ailment of camellia is root rotting due to waterlogging, unsuitable soil and elevated temperature. With such a disease, the leaves begin to fall off the flower. The only way to save the crop is to reduce watering.
Of course, many already know how beautiful and luxurious the Japanese camellia looks. Landing and caring for it will not become burdensome for anyone.
A special place among ornamental plants takes striking in its beauty camellia japonica. It is very popular with flower growers, thanks to the ability to grow it both on personal plot as well as at home. The plant belongs to the tea family.
Its homeland is the countries of Southeast Asia: Japan, Taiwan, mountainous regions of China, India.
It got its name in honor of the explorer and priest G. Kamelius, who at the beginning of the 18th century brought the plant from the Philippines to Europe.
Description
In natural natural conditions plant is a tall shrub or tree that favorable conditions and depending on the variety can reach a height of 5-6 meters.
Shoots are rarely located, in vivo the crown is shapeless.
The leaves on the shoots are alternate, lanceolate or simple oval in shape, painted in rich dark green above and lighter in the lower part. Surface sheet plate thick, leathery. The edges are smooth or with small notches.
The flowering period of camellia lasts from early December to mid-April. At this time, the shrub is abundantly covered with large beautiful flowers, outwardly similar to roses, peonies or carnations. Flowers are arranged singly or in pairs.
Flowers no flower stalks. The formation of buds occurs in the axils of the leaves. The color of the flowers is varied: white, pink, yellow, beige, bright red. Flowers can be single, double or semi-double. Depending on the variety, the diameter of one flower can reach 10-15 centimeters.
In early autumn, round-shaped fruits are formed on the shrub, in which large-sized seeds ripen.
Variety of species
Currently, breeders have bred a large number of camellia varieties, shrubs of different sizes, color and flower shape. Each variety is beautiful in its own way, and appearance Camellia flower is in no way inferior in beauty to a garden rose.
In addition to Japanese camellia, gardeners breed other equally popular varieties of camellia.
- camellia sinensis. Under natural conditions, the plant grows in the mountainous regions of China and India. The plant is a tree or shrub, the height of which can reach 10 meters. The leaves are narrow, lanceolate, painted dark green, have an oblong elliptical shape, located on short petioles, narrowed towards the base. The flowers are single, the petals are painted in pinkish-golden color.
- Camellia oleifera. This variety grows along the banks of water bodies in China and is an evergreen tree shrub. The leaves are dense, with a leathery surface, arranged alternately and have an oval shape. flowers simple, white color.
- "Lady Vansittart Pink". This variety outwardly resembles a garden rose bush and is distinguished by delicate, graceful, semi-double flowers.
Special properties of the plant
Camellia, like sakura, is a symbol of Japan, which is found in many works of art. In Japan, the camellia symbolizes beauty. bright life, success, happiness, prosperity. She decorates wedding dresses and tea ceremonies.
Southeast Asia has long used healing properties camellias. Infusions and decoctions from the leaves and flowers of this plant strengthen blood vessels, treat diseases nervous system and gastrointestinal tract.
Camellia is used in the perfume industry for the manufacture of creams, shampoos, lotions and decorative cosmetics.
Camellia care at home
The shrub is undemanding in care when grown at home and under growing conditions in open ground. In room maintenance with the cultivation of camellia, gardeners will require certain knowledge and patience.
Camellia does not forgive mistakes and with insufficient care, it can reset the formed buds. If the conditions for keeping the plant are not met, the camellia begins to fall off the leaves.
Falling leaves and buds can be avoided by creating a flower favorable conditions.
Most suitable place for growing camellia japanese is a greenhouse or winter Garden where it is possible to create conditions close to natural and maintain lighting for a long period of time.
At home, not all lovers of indoor plants can cope with the cultivation of camellia, which very hard to adapt to the conditions of the room.
- Lighting and location
After purchase, the plant should be immediately placed on permanent place. Camellia does not tolerate permutations and movements.
Do not touch the plant, turn or move the pot when buds are forming on it. This can cause the flower to drop buds.
Camellia japonica is photophilous plant, which requires diffused light. It will be optimal to place a flower pot on the western or eastern windows.
Plant does not tolerate direct sunlight. In hot weather, the shrub should be shaded.
Direct sunlight or insufficient lighting can cause the flower to stop blooming or the flowers to be few in number.
Temperature
Camellia can't grow indoors with dry air. At home, it can be placed on an insulated loggia. The plant feels comfortable at a temperature of 12-15 degrees. It is very important not to allow the temperature to drop below 10 degrees.
Camellia responds well to ventilation. In warm weather, it can be kept outdoors, but care should be taken to protect the shrub from drafts and wind.
- Plant watering and humidity
When watering a flower, care should be taken. Soil waterlogging should not be allowed. Since at low temperatures moisture from the surface of the earth evaporates very slowly as a result of the accumulation of excess water, rotting of the root system and death of the plant can occur.
Watering the flower should be moderate. The soil should not be very dry or waterlogged.
For irrigation use warm, settled for several days or filtered water that does not contain chlorine and other impurities that can cause spots on the leaves Brown, drying of the leaves and rotting of the roots.
- Plant transplant and soil
If under natural conditions the camellia is a tall shrub or tree, then under home conditions, the plant needs to be transplanted as the root system grows or the topsoil is regularly updated.
When planting, the soil is completely replaced with a new one. For a flower, a ready-made soil mixture for rhododendrons is suitable. You can also prepare the soil composition yourself by mixing leafy soil, coarse sand or perlite, peat and humus.
The soil for Japanese camellia should be loose, fertile, well pass moisture and air.
One third of the volume of the pot should be occupied by the drainage layer for which expanded clay, small gravel, pebbles, broken shards or crushed brick.
Young plants are transplanted once a year, adult plants - after 2-3 years. Camellia transplantation is carried out in autumn or winter. transshipment can be carried out even during the flowering period, since the plant does not shed blooming flowers.
reproduction
The reproduction of the flower is carried out during the period active growth. Most in a simple way propagation is cuttings.
For propagation of camellia, cuttings taken from the top of an adult plant are used. Cuttings carefully cut with a sharp knife. The length of the handle should be at least 10-15 centimeters. Shoots of smaller length take root for a very long time.
Further, the shoots are dried and planted in small containers filled with nutrient soil. After planting, the container is covered glass jar or plastic bag to maintain air temperature and humidity. Containers are placed in a warm, well-lit place, remembering to periodically open them for ventilation.
The first roots appear in 10-14 days. After 3 weeks, young plants can be planted in small pots. Shoots are cared for as for adult plants.
Plant nutrition
The application of mineral fertilizers begins in the spring with the beginning of the period of active plant growth. Good for feeding complex fertilizers for flowering plants.
Apply fertilizer follows once every 15 days from early spring to late autumn. In autumn, the frequency of feeding is gradually reduced. For plant growth, mineral fertilizers containing nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus should be used.
Diseases and pests
Many diseases of camellia japonica are associated with improper care behind a flower.
Most often, the plant has bud drop, which is associated with a frequent change in the location of the flower or improper transplantation. Bud drop can be caused by lack of light, high room temperature, or drafts.
Excessive soil moisture can cause rotting of the root system and the development of fungal diseases.
Camellia japonica can be affected by insect pests : aphids, spider mite, scab. If signs of damage are found, pests should be collected from the surface of the leaves with a damp cotton swab and the plant should be treated with insecticidal preparations or a solution of laundry soap.
Domestic Japanese camellia is not a very frequent guest in Russian homes, as it is a relatively capricious plant that requires increased attention.
However, if you master the basics of caring for Japanese camellia at home, it will not be so difficult to grow it: the main thing is to ensure the proper level of illumination and comply with the requirements for soil composition.
Japanese camellia varieties: description of flowers and leaves
Camellia (Camellia) belongs to the Tea family, her homeland is Southeast Asia, China, Japan, India. The genus Camellia is named after the Moravian naturalist and priest G.J. Camelius (1661–1706), who first brought this flower to Europe from the Philippines.
In nature, there are 82 species distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of East and Southeast Asia.
And only two types of camellia, Chinese camellia (C. sinensis) and Japanese camellia (C. japonica), are typical plants winter gardens, the maintenance of which in the summer on fresh air promotes them good development and profuse flowering.
camellia japonica (C. japonica) - evergreen shrub or a small tree with leathery, elliptical leaves. The plant is compact and grows well. The flowers are large, 12-14 cm in diameter, red, white, color pink or two-tone color, with 5-7 petals.
As you can see in the photo, there are Japanese camellias with double and variegated flowers:
Blooms from October to March. The fruits are boxes. K. japanese - capricious plant and tea buds. Requires, like tea, acidic soils. Tolerates temperatures down to -5 - 8 °C.
The original species of the plant, the Japanese camellia, is the ancestor of more than 1000 diverse varieties, differing in a simple, semi-double or double flower shape, their size (from 5 to 15 cm in diameter) and color ranging from red to pink and white. Quite a few of the cultivars have spotted or striped bicolor petals.
When describing varieties of Japanese camellia grown at home, the following can be distinguished:
‘Vittorio Emanuele II’ - a semi-double variety with a somewhat convex, slightly bent back shape of the petals. According to them white background, as if with a hard brush, a dense network of thin dark pink stripes is applied with occasional bold dark pink strokes.
‘Guilio Nuccio’ - crimson flowers with two kinds of petals. In the flowers of this Japanese camellia, a double-triple row of large rounded outer petals is replaced by a cap of small dense “curls” of inner petals.
'Double White' - strongly double snow-white flowers of a spherical shape with a clearly defined petal growth geometry.
'Desire' - semi-double two-color flowers: from snow-white inner petals to pink outer ones, with a smooth color change through the layers.
'Margaret Davis' - semi-double two-color variety. The outer petals are large, wide, rounded, white, with a narrow torn raspberry border. Internal - narrow, small, white, with a slight raspberry splash.
'Lady Vansittart Pink' - a two-color, slightly double variety with a very elegant flower shape. The petals of this camellia have a strict shape and a clear growth geometry, and seem to be folded into small boats surrounding long yellow stamens. On the petals there is a clear pattern, similar to a highly branched rose bush on a white background.
'Chandlers Red' - one-color thick red flowers with wide petals, pointed in the center.
‘Asahi-No-Mai’ - non-double variety with wide red petals and a large dense cap of bright yellow stamens.
'Linda Rosazza' - snow-white semi-double flowers.
'Tricolor' - semi-double variety. The flower petals of this indoor Japanese camellia are white, with a small amount ragged red stripes and red specks surround a thick "bunch" of long yellow stamens.
'Pink Perfection' - one of the most beautiful varieties. Hustomahrovye pale pink flowers with concentrically arranged wide petals of the correct form.
Japanese camellia flower care at home (with photo)
In winter and early spring, even discerning lovers of indoor plants are not left indifferent by the magnificent, as if just washed, shiny leaves of the Japanese camellia and large, densely double, white, pink or red flowers. In the old days blooming camellia was central element in the decoration of living rooms and, together with several decorative leafy species, was the ancestor of amateur indoor floriculture.
However, for many fans, growing Japanese camellia at home raises certain concerns: they consider it very susceptible to growth conditions and picky in culture, primarily because of the “bad habit” attributed to it to drop buds. However, this systematically repeated shedding of buds and flowers can be easily avoided if the few requirements that this plant makes are completely satisfied. Camellias are guaranteed to bloom from November to May if placed in cool areas where temperatures do not rise above 12°C. Hot, well heated living rooms- not a place for camellias. In addition, plants are very harmed by frequent changes in position in relation to the light source.
In our country, there is an opinion that when the camellia blooms, it cannot be moved from place to place and rotated, otherwise its buds will fall off. In the West, they think the opposite is true: when camellias bloom, various operations can be performed with them - replanting, cutting off overgrown roots, transporting, etc. At the same time, camellias will quietly continue to bloom.
Probably, when grown, Japanese camellia sheds buds due to improper maintenance of it in room conditions. Central heating batteries dry up the soil in anomalous for camellia winter conditions. These mistakes can be avoided if you know the needs of plants.
After the purchase, it is necessary to put the camellia flower in a cool semi-shady place, and after two weeks transfer it to a warmer one, but the temperature should not exceed 16 ° C. For successful cultivation camellias need to provide them with a cool wintering. In summer they are kept at room temperature, and in winter within 10-15 ° C.
In summer, during relative rest, it is better to dig up the camellia along with the pot in the garden in a semi-shady place. If this is not possible, then in the room she needs to create favorable conditions: regular ventilation, high humidity. It is useful to spray until the camellia houseplant picks up buds. After laying the buds, watering is reduced.
In order for the plant not to become exhausted, and the camellia flowers to be larger, the weakest buds are removed by pinching, leaving 1-2 buds on the branch.
The photo of caring for a Japanese camellia shows how to pinch a plant correctly:
When flowering ends and young shoots appear, you should feed with mineral fertilizers for indoor flowering plants at half the concentration indicated on the package, until the next season, when the plant enters the budding stage.
Overfertilizing camellias is one of the worst mistakes. Camellias need to start fertilizing in the spring, during the first burst of active growth in April. They should not be fertilized in the fall, especially if you choose to grow hardy varieties in colder climates. Fertilizers can provoke late growth of camellias, from this their green, unripened shoots can be seriously damaged in winter - along with all the insufficiently “sleeping” plant.
To give the plant more attractive appearance, it is cut off, removing weak bare shoots. But this should be done only in case of emergency, as the camellia painfully tolerates pruning.
Many camellia owners make mistakes related to deep planting and improper soil mixture. The neck of a camellia (the point between the roots and the trunk) should never be covered with earth. Planting a camellia even 3 centimeters deeper is a sure way to kill the plant. Transplanting camellias during active growth is a mistake, as they can stop growing and become in poor condition.
Young camellia plants are transplanted annually, better in summer and adults after 2–3 years. The soil should be well fertilized, medium acid. For room camellia it is better to purchase ready mix. There are special mixtures for plants acidic soil(camellias, azaleas and rhododendrons), which are prepared from high-moor peat, perlite, vermiculite, sand, ground bark and similar ingredients. In such a mixture, the camellia roots will always be evenly moistened, the water will not stagnate and the roots will be able to breathe air.
Some varieties of camellias can withstand -10 ° C frost. Therefore, if you have a ventilated glazed balcony, on which the temperature is from 0 to +15 ° C in winter (ideally - from +5 to +10 ° C) and never drops below -10 ° C of frost, then camellia is for you.
Camellias are adapted to light frosts in their natural environment. In winter, the bushes are protected by snow. As soon as the snow melts, the camellia simply explodes with the fire of numerous flowers. In France and England, camellias can grow outdoors. Apparently, this can be done in the southern regions of Russia.
Look at the photo of caring for Japanese camellia at home, which shows all the basic agricultural practices:
Soil and lighting for Japanese camellia
Camellias prefer acidic substrates, therefore, they need special soil mixtures based on well-weathered peat or heather soil with the addition of sand. Various soil mixtures for rhododendrons offered for sale fully satisfy all the requirements of camellias.
All of these special soil mixtures for Japanese camellia are acidic, that is, they do not contain lime. And this is the second "secret" of a successful camellia culture: the absence of calcium and magnesium salts in the soil and in irrigation water! That is why very tough tap water must be artificially softened. True, most often it is quite enough to defend tap water before use for at least 12 hours. Anyone who wants to be absolutely certain should remember that camellias prefer a bright place all year round, but a place shaded from direct sunlight and a "summer vacation" in the fresh air.
In addition, the camellia should have a dormant period; for this, it is best after flowering and again from July to August, reduce watering to a minimum and completely stop fertilizing plants with fertilizers. Only by acting in this way, you can count on lush flowering in winter. Camellias are propagated in early summer with fresh seeds and semi-lignified apical cuttings. An indoor greenhouse is ideal for this.
The lighting should be bright, light, but the camellia must be protected from direct sunlight. Watered in spring and summer abundantly with settled soft water. room temperature, reduce watering in winter. Indoor camellia for good growth needs high humidity air. During hot wintering, the humidity is increased by regularly spraying the plant.
Reproduction of Japanese camellia
Propagated by seeds, layering, grafting and cuttings. The last way the most common. When cuttings after two years, you can have flowering specimens. Cuttings should be semi-lignified shoots of the growth of the current year from May to June. From a strongly lignified shoot, cuttings are cut from the upper, not quite lignified part of the shoot.
If the lignification of the shoot is too weak, it is better to cut them off from its lower part. At late term cuttings, when the shoots become very woody, the cuttings take root twice as slowly, and therefore the percentage of rooted plants is lower. Required condition when cutting - the presence of a well-developed growth bud in the cutting. Under this condition, the cuttings take root twice as fast, give a stronger growth and bloom earlier. A cutting with 3-4 buds is considered optimal.
The lower cut is made obliquely, under the axillary kidney. When treated with stimulants, the cuttings take root faster and give a more powerful root system. They are rooted in well-washed sand with a layer of 3-4 cm, under which there is a layer of peaty, well-rotted coniferous soil and sand (2: 2: 1), with regular spraying at a temperature of 18-24 ° C. They take root on the 50-80th day (depending on the variety). In cut cuttings, leaf blades are shortened by 1/3. You can also root them in a soil mixture of greenhouse soil and peat (2: 1).
Rooted plants are planted in pots with a diameter of 9-11 cm in a mixture of greenhouse soil, humus and peat (2:1:1) with the addition of urea. Young plants are watered abundantly from May to August, and from the second half of August, watering is reduced for better wood maturation.
To preserve the varietal decorative qualities, the camellia is propagated by non-lignified cuttings. To do this, use apical non-lignified cuttings 6–8 cm long, which are rooted at a soil temperature of 20–24 ° C in January or July. Each cutting should have 3-5 developed leaves. Care of cuttings consists in watering and spraying. The containers in which the cuttings take root are covered plastic bags(it is better to pull them on the frame) and keep them in a bright, but not sunny place. Rooting occurs in two months. To stimulate root formation, after cutting the cuttings, they are treated with heteroauxin (according to the instructions). Rooted cuttings are gradually accustomed to open air, and then planted in separate pots in a soil mixture of soddy, leafy soil, peat and sand (1:2:2:1).
Young seedlings are planted in small bowls. soil mix should be acidic (pH 4.5–5).
Camellias are propagated by fresh seeds. Seeds are sown one at a time in the smallest pots. After the appearance of two true leaves, they are transplanted into larger bowls, cutting off the root system by 1/3 of the length for better branching.
Disease control of Japanese camellia
When caring for a Japanese camellia flower at home, it is important to protect plants from diseases. A plant can get sick for various reasons. Too warm a place in the house, too frequent or rare watering leads to the fact that the buds fall off the plant.
Camellia reacts to too wet soil in a pot by the formation of cortical growths on the leaves. White felt coating on the stems and in the axils of the leaves is a symptom of mealybug damage. They suck out juices and secrete substances that poison the plant. Remove pests with a toothpick or cosmetic stick dipped in soapy water. If black spots appear on the plant, similar to soot deposits, it means that it is damaged by soot fungi that appear on the secretions of aphids, scale insects and mealybugs.
To combat diseases of the Japanese camellia, wash off the black coating with water at room temperature. If the leaves are affected sooty fungus pretty much, it's better to cut them off.
Japanese camellia pruning
Camellia, like tea, requires minimal shaping and pruning. Formation is largely reduced to a slight shortening of the lateral increments that change the shape of the camellia bush. As with tea, immediately after planting, weak shoots are shortened by a few centimeters at the camellia. This formation contributes to the formation of new shoots in the lower part of the bush.
When caring for the Japanese camellia, the shaping is carried out in the spring, in March - April. As the main stem, use the uppermost lateral shoot, which is shortened by only a few centimeters - this plant does not need heavy pruning.
During growth, all pruning of camellia comes down to thinning and removing shoots that thicken and worsen the shape of the crown, as well as pruning all damaged, dry, diseased and thin shoots that are too wide.