Typical plants of the steppe. The flora of the steppe zone: photos, pictures, videos of steppe vegetation

Steppe plants are extremely diverse, but many of them can be distinguished and common signs. Among them are small, narrow leaves. In some species, they have the ability to curl up during drought to protect against excessive evaporation of moisture. The color of the leaves is often grayish or bluish-green: the bright green foliage familiar to the eye can rarely be found here. Steppe plants tolerate heat and lack of rain well.

According to various reference books, you can see about 220 different plant species in the steppe. Many steppe plants have a branched root system allowing them to extract moisture from the ground. Willows can be found in the floodplains of flowing rivers, and in those places where groundwater comes close to the surface of the earth - other trees and shrubs: hawthorn, Tatar maple, blackthorn, etc. In places with saline soil, special steppe plants grow : saline wormwood, kermek, sveda, soleros.

Surly in most of the year, in early spring the steppe is changing. At this time, before the beginning of the dry season, it is covered with a motley carpet of early flowering plants: tulips, irises, hyacinths, crocuses, poppies. From cultivars these plants of the steppe differ, first of all, in their smaller size. At the same time, their shape can be more bizarre - like, for example, the Schrenk tulip, one of the ancestors of the cultural varieties of this flower. Due to the plowing of the steppe, as well as the ruthless collection of flowers, this species is listed in the Red Book of Russia. steppe, just as it can have flowers various shades, from yellow to purple. This species is also listed as endangered.

Before the heat comes, bright steppe flowers already have time to give seeds. In their tubers are stored nutrients that will allow them to bloom next year. The turn of plants accustomed to drought comes: fescue, feather grass, wormwood. Tipchak (Valisian fescue) is an erect grass up to half a meter high. This plant serves as food for horses and small livestock and is one of the main pasture plants in (fescue is unsuitable for harvesting for future use). Feather grass, typical representative steppe flora - perennial grass, which has a short rhizome and narrow, long leaves resembling a wire. In total, there are about 400 species in this genus, some of them are protected. The main enemy of feather grass is uncontrolled grazing, during which this plant is simply trampled down. As for wormwood, along with other plants, almost all of its species are found in the steppe (there are more than 180 of them in total). Solid wormwood thickets usually form low varieties - for example, drooping wormwood, seaside and others.

individual plants steppes (for example, kermek) after drying form the so-called tumbleweed. At the end of summer, the dried stalk of kermek breaks off from the roots with a gust of wind and rolls along the ground, scattering seeds along the way. Other stems and twigs can cling to it: the result is a rather impressive dry lump. Kermek ordinary blooms pink, purple or yellow small flowers. Based on it, many cultivars are currently bred, which are widely used in landscape design. The species of the genus Sveda, common on saline soils - small-leaved and creeping - are, respectively, a small shrub and with reddening stems. They are willingly eaten by camels. Like them, soleros also serves as livestock feed during the autumn-winter season. Soda was extracted from its ashes.

All steppe plants have their own characteristics that allow them to survive in conditions of heat and lack of moisture. These include powerful roots, early flowering at certain types, narrow leaves, etc.

Most valuable plants, typical for the steppes, white and medicinal sweet clover, Siberian sainfoin, strawberries, Siberian snakeheads, tuberous gooseberry, steppe and creeping thyme, steppe sage, fragrant schizonepeta, catnip, Siberian cornflower, Altai aster, common hatma, slime onion.
Less valuable are Danish astragalus, sickle-shaped alfalfa, Ural licorice, spiked speedwell, yellow scabiosa, and steppe carnation. Weak melliferous plants are Siberian pomegranate, Morison's mustard, Baikal's mustard, backache, starodubka.

Hogweed Siberian Dissected, Puchka, Pikan -Heracléum sibíricum. Herbaceous plant of the Umbelliferae family. Siberian hogweed, despite the name, is a predominantly European species, common to the whole Central Russia. It is also distributed in Central Europe, Ciscaucasia and in Western Siberia(in its southern part it reaches Altai). It is found in the Crimea, in Kazakhstan (Dzungarian Alatau). It grows in damp places - in meadows, between shrubs. Grows in meadows (especially floodplains), along the banks of rivers and streams, edges, roadside meadows, and […]

Weed plant. The species infests all types of crops, occurs in fallows, in orchards and orchards, as well as along roads, along ditches, and in fallows. Contains white milky juice. Strong honey and pollen. Allocates nectar only in the morning hours, because. flowers close in the afternoon. Medosbor intensive up to 380 kg per hectare. Honey crystallizes quickly, dark amber color. The pollen is dark yellow.

Perennial herbaceous plant 30 - 90 cm high of the Compositae family. Grows in various meadows, clearings, meadow clearings, along roads in many regions of Russia. It is well visited by bees, which, under favorable conditions, weather conditions collect a lot of nectar and pollen from it. Honey productivity in terms of solid arrays is over 100 kg/ha. Yellow pollen.

Perennial melliferous herbaceous plant. Sandy cumin grows mainly on sandy soils, on dry copses, forest clearings, hills, on fallow lands, rocky and sandy slopes everywhere. The hard scales of the inflorescence wrapper do not wither and do not lose color even when the inflorescences are cut - hence the name of the plant immortelle.

Mediocre honey. Blossoms in June-September, fruits ripen in August-September. Perennial herbaceous plant from the Asteraceae family. It grows on sandy and loamy fresh and moist soils, in meadows, forest clearings, forest edges, in bushes, less often as a weed in crops. Prefers average soil fertility and drainage.

Perennial herbaceous plant from the Asteraceae family. It grows in the steppe and forest-steppe zones of the European part of Russia, in Western Siberia. It grows in damp places, along the banks of rivers and mountain streams, in tall grass meadows, forest clearings and edges, in thickets of shrubs. Bad honey. There is no marketable honey from elecampane.

Perennial herbaceous plant. It grows on hillsides, in dry meadows, forest edges and clearings, on borders, in drier places. Widespread throughout forested areas. Honey plant, but gives the bees an insignificant collection of nectar. According to our personal observations, bees visit this honey plant in dry hot weather. Amber-colored honey, very fragrant, has the aroma of a flowering plant. Crystallizes quickly […]

Herbaceous perennial plant from the Crassulaceae family. Grows on dry grassy slopes. In dry shrub thickets, in dry meadows, among stony placers. Good honey and pollen. It is actively visited by bees and bumblebees. According to our observations in the vicinity of the agro-bio station of the Uesuedi Pedagogical Institute, the flowers of the stonecrop were visited from morning to evening by bees, who collected nectar and pollen. The nectar production of one flower […]

A biennial herbaceous plant from the Apiaceae family. It grows near roads, in fields, in vegetable gardens, orchards. Minor honey plant and pollen plant. Flowers are visited by bees reluctantly, but actively by flies. The nectar productivity of 100 flowers is 5.8-11.1 mg of sugar. Blooms in July-August.

Perennial herbaceous plant. It grows on roadsides, as a weed among field, cultivated plants. Good honey and pollen. The flowers are eagerly visited by bees, who collect pollen in the morning and nectar by noon. According to N. N. Kartoshova (1955), in the Tomsk region, it produces from 1 ha to 200-250 kg of nectar containing 35-40% sugar.

Perennial herbaceous plant from the Rosaceae family. It grows in mixed grass meadows, on the edges of mixed forests, among shrubs. It is known that the leaves of the meadowsweet contain a large amount of vitamin C (370 mg/%). Therefore, young shoots and leaves are used in writing for salads, flowers are used as tea brewing.

Pharmacy burnet - Sanguisorba officinalis L. Perennial herbaceous plant. Grows in oak forests, shrubs and dry meadows. On the Far East small-flowered and glandular burnet also grow - weak honey plants, but good pollen plants. Appearance Up to 60 cm in height, from the Rosaceae family. Stems erect, branched, strongly leafy, pubescent with hairs. Basal leaves are large, pinnate, glabrous above, […]

steppe zone

A steppe is a territory whose zonal vegetation is made up of communities of herbaceous xerophytes. The steppes stretch in a wide strip across the European and Asian parts of Russia from west to east to the river. Obi. AT Eastern Siberia steppes occur in separate patches. Steppe plants have adapted to life in arid conditions. Natural steppes remained only in nature reserves and sanctuaries, the rest of the steppe land was plowed under crops. The soils of the steppes are chernozems of various types.

The steppes have a continental type of climate with hot, dry summers and cold winter with stable snow cover. The amount of precipitation (300 - 500 mm) is less than the amount of evaporation, therefore, in the steppes, plants are in conditions of lack of moisture.

The maximum precipitation in the form of showers occurs in the middle of summer, during the heat period. Plants do not have time to absorb moisture, and it quickly evaporates. The evaporation of water is also accelerated by the drying summer winds, which almost constantly blow in the steppes. Sometimes dry winds blow - withering, hot winds.

Steppe plants are herbaceous xerophytes, all of them are quite drought-resistant and well tolerate the lack of moisture. These are mainly dense bush grasses, primarily species of the genera feather grass (Stipa), fescue (festuca), thin-legged (koeleria). Some legumes grow in the steppes, such as clover species. (Trifoliuni), sainfoin (Onobrychis), astragalus (Astragalus), tumbleweed, or kermek (Static, rice. 252), wormwood (Artemisia, see fig. 226), etc.

The steppes are characterized by steppe ephemeroids that bloom in early spring and cover the steppe with a multi-colored carpet; by summer, the above-ground part dies off, and the underground living part is preparing for flowering next year. Ephemeroid plants include bulbous bluegrass (Poa bulbosa), types of tulips (Tulipa), bows (Allium) and etc.

In addition to perennial ephemeroids, ephemera are also common in the steppes - annual plants, all life cycle which takes place within a few weeks. These are the types of grains (draba),

bed bug (Lepidium), sickle-shaped hornhead (Ceratocephalafalcata) and etc.

In the steppes, as a rule, on the border with the forest zone, you can also see shrubs: blackthorn, or wild plum (Prunus spinosa), wild almond, or bean (Amygdalus dad), types of spirea (Spiraea), Karagans (Caragana).

When moving from north to south, the following patterns are observed in the steppes of the European part: 1) the herbage becomes more and more rarefied; 2) the colorfulness of the steppes is waning, the number of dicots in the floristic list is decreasing; 3) perennials predominate in the north, to the south the role of annuals increases and the number of narrow-leaved grasses increases; 4) a number of feather grasses are replaced: from Stipa joannis up north to S. ukrainica on South; 5) the species composition is depleted (from 30 species in the north to 12 in the south).

All these features of the steppes made it possible to divide them into three subzones.

Northern, or meadow, steppe characterized by alternation of oak forests and steppe vegetation, moreover, forest areas are found only along beams and depressions, in conditions high humidity. Some geobotanists distinguish this subzone as the forest-steppe zone. The humidity of the meadow steppes is higher than in other subzones, the grass cover is higher (up to 1 m) with a predominance of forbs from meadowsweet (Filipendula), sage (Salvia) etc. Broad-leaved grasses grow here: pubescent sheep (Helictotrichon pubescens), wheatgrass medium (Agropyron intermedium) and others. There are quite a few narrow-leaved grasses - feather grass and fescue. Meadow steppes are characterized by species diversity. So, in the Central Chernozem Reserve, there are up to 90 plant species per 1 m 2. During the growing season, there is a change in aspects (yellow, white, blue, blue, etc.).

Subzone of forb-fescue-feather grass steppes characterized by an increase in the role of narrow-leaved turf grasses and greater drought resistance of plants. Among the herbs here you can find prickly thorn (Phlomispungens), drooping sage (Salvia nutans) and etc.

Fescue-feather grass steppes- the most southern and are distinguished by very rare and low herbage (up to 40 cm). Narrow-leaved turf grasses dominate here - fescue, Lessing's feather grass (Stipa lessingiana)", annual ephemera; some ephemeroids; from life forms"tumbleweeds" predominate (swing panicled - Gypsophila paniculata). The species composition of the herbage is poor (no more than 15 species per 1 m2).

Siberian steppes have many similarities with European ones. Beyond the Urals, due to the much less dissected relief, the steppes in the Asian part of the country stretch in a continuous strip to the river. Obi. On the vast depressions of Siberia, a large role among the steppes

play "zaimischa" - grass swamps on solonetzes and solonchak soils, where steppe species are combined with plants of more humid habitats. In floristic terms, the Siberian steppes are poorer than the European ones, and in the extreme east of the steppe zone, species of Mongolian origin can be found.

In the Siberian steppes, subzones of forb-turf-grass and turf-grass steppes are distinguished.

The Danish steppes are, first of all, the mysterious world of herbs. As you know, each blade of grass is a unique healing wizard, you just need to know the right spell. Surely you would also like to eat a magic leaf or drink a miraculous decoction from all ailments and misfortunes, but only a real herbalist can figure out all the nuances of this ancient art. Traditional medicine has long been used from ancient times to the present day by mankind.

Healing medicinal plants- this is perhaps one of the oldest methods of treatment. Even our great-grandmothers, long before the advent and development of medicine, brewed decoctions and made infusions for all diseases, the first healers used healing powers herbs in their potions. It is sad to note that in our age of cybernetic technologies and crazy inventions, we are less and less turning to mother nature for help, relying on pills and potions created in laboratories.

(trample-grass, grass-ant, goose). Highlander bird (knotweed) is a herbaceous annual plant, belongs to the buckwheat family, with a stem lying on the ground, located in the nodes,membranous, dissected, small whitish trumpets. The root is typically taproot. The leaves are alternate, small, oval. The flowers are small, light green or slightly pink, located in the axils of the leaves. Flowering time early summer - autumn. Knotweed can be found in wastelands, near roads, in river valleys. AT medicinal purposes flowering grass is used as a means to stop bleeding in the postpartum period or after an abortion, as well as in diseases of the kidneys.

Melilot officinalis(yellow) is a herbaceous biennial plant that belongs to the legume family. The flowers are small, yellow, moth-like, located in the brush. The plant usually blooms all summer. It can be found in ravines, slopes of gullies, forest edges, among shrubs and tall grass in the steppe, in meadows. Sweet clover is used for nervous diseases, cardiospasm, migraine, menopause, as an expectorant, laxative, insomnia, headache, melancholy, menstrual disorders, ascites, pain in the bladder, intestines, flatulence and for nursing mothers. Decoction, infusion of sweet clover and ointment from its flowers are recommended for treatment of purulent wounds, mastitis, furunculosis, otitis media. Do not use during pregnancy and kidney disease. Sweet clover is a poisonous plant. It is advisable to use it only in collections.

Oregano- perennial herbaceous plant. flowers are small, lilac-pink color, form a panicle. Flowering time July-September. Occurs on the edges of the forest, meadows, in river valleys. Oregano has a high bactericidal effect, normalizes activity nervous system organism, effective against inflammatory processes, ensures normal functioning intestinal tract, diuretic and choleretic agent. Oregano grass is recommended for use in sore throat, delayed menstruation, hypersexual excitability, colds, lung and heart diseases, diathesis, epilepsy, scrofula, diseases of the intestines and stomach, problems with the gallbladder, liver. The infusion is used in the form of baths, lotions, wet compresses for skin diseases. They smell dry flower tops, worn leaves for headaches and runny nose, wash their hair with a decoction to combat dandruff and hair loss.

St. John's wort- herbaceous perennial plant. The flowers of the plant are golden yellow with characteristic black dots. Flowering continues throughout the summer. St. John's wort is found at the edges, in meadows, in rare pine and deciduous forests on fallow lands, clearings, and sandy slopes. St. John's wort is used for chronic disorders and diseases of the stomach, periodontal disease, stomatitis, colitis, diarrhea, chronic inflammatory diseases of the kidneys, cholelithiasis, gynecology, gingivitis, rheumatism, bad breath, nervous diseases, arthritis, sciatica, for the treatment of diseases heart, with colds, diseases of the liver, bladder, hemorrhoids, headaches, bedwetting.

red clover- herbaceous perennial plant belonging to the legume family. The upright stems of red clover are slightly pubescent. Leaves with wide stipules in the form of a triangle are long-petiolate. Clover flowers are dark red, small, collected in an inflorescence head. Blooms actively in the second half of summer (July - August). Grows in fields, wet meadows, slopes of grassy forest edges, along roads and paths. The plant has long been used in folk medicine for lung diseases (as an expectorant), tinnitus, low hemoglobin levels, angina pectoris, appetite disorders, painful critical days and as a diuretic, dizziness. Decoction and infusion of clover inflorescences treat inflammation of the eyes. In the form of lotions, they are used for tumors, wounds, burns, scrofula. The clover inflorescence is used for brewing tea, and delicious salads are prepared from the young leaves of the plant.

horse sorrel - a herbaceous perennial plant, belongs to the buckwheat family. Blooms in early and mid-summer. Occurs along river banks, in meadows, on hillsides, as well as in dense groves, in forest clearings or close to roads. It has bactericidal properties, in small doses, horse sorrel has astringent properties, in large doses it has a laxative effect, and the laxative effect occurs 10-12 hours after ingestion. Horse sorrel is used in the form of a decoction, infusion or extract in the treatment of diseases such as colitis and their varieties, hemorrhoids, in case of anal fissures, it can be used as an antiseptic, hemostatic agent. Horse sorrel is contraindicated in pregnancy, kidney disease.

Nettle - dioecious plant herbaceous, perennial, belonging to the nettle family. The flowers are greenish in color. Blooms from mid-June to autumn. Reduces blood clotting time, increases the amount of hemoglobin and erythrocytes in the blood, improves metabolism, reduces blood sugar, normalizes the menstrual cycle, provides muscle tone of the uterus and intestines, is a strong anti-inflammatory and healing agent. It is used in case of internal bleeding, anemia, subserous fibroids, menopause, at stages early period development of diabetes, constipation. Nettle can also be used for diseases of the biliary tract and liver, to eliminate nervous disorders, fever, obesity, as a milk extractor. A decoction, or an infusion of nettle roots, is advised to drink as a blood cleanser for skin diseases, as well as for helminthic invasions, compresses are made from a decoction of the whole plant for tumors. Water infusion of flowers is used for pulmonary diseases. From a strong infusion of nettle leaves, lotions are made for wounds, ulcers and burns, it is an effective remedy for dandruff, hair loss. When bleeding, the juice of fresh leaves can be instilled into the nose. Brooms are made from previously scalded nettles and steamed in baths with painful sensations in the lumbar region or rheumatism of the joints. Powder from dried leaves can be sprinkled with abscesses and ulcers. Nettle, among other things, is also used to make tonic salads and even soups or borscht.

Burdock(burdock) - a plant belonging to the Compositae family, herbaceous, biennial, has been widely used since the time of our great-grandmothers. The decoction and infusion of the roots are known for their strong diuretic and diaphoretic effects. Burdock is used for diabetes, gout, nephrolithiasis and rheumatism, ascites, hemorrhoids, skin diseases, constipation, in case of poisoning, venereal diseases, pain in the joints, to get rid of purulent old wounds, tumors, it is often used as a remedy that can improve metabolism. substances, with stone disease of the kidneys and bladder, with diseases of the stomach, to strengthen the hair. early leaves burdock is good to use for cooking delicious salads and soups, and the roots of one year of life can be eaten raw, boiled, baked, fried, and can also replace potatoes in soup.

Goof narrow-leaved- Shrub with red-brown branches. The flowers are white, located in the axils of the leaves. In folk medicine, products derived from the fruit of the sucker are used as an astringent for colitis, diarrhea and respiratory diseases. From the infusion of flowers, heart remedies are made, in particular for hypertension.

Coltsfoot- a plant belonging to the Compositae family, herbaceous, perennial. The leaves grow from the root, are quite large in size, rounded in shape, green above, pubescent, bare below. Flowering begins in spring in April - May, refers to the ephemera. The plant has a strong anti-inflammatory and softening effect on expectoration, as well as an effective diaphoretic, coltsfoot is actively used for respiratory diseases, tonsillitis, pain in the gastrointestinal tract, appetite disorders and skin diseases, it is effective for inflammation of the veins of the legs, hoarseness. Compresses from a decoction or from crushed leaves can be used externally for abscesses, tumors, inflammation of the veins, burns, wounds, gargles are recommended for sore throats, and enemas for intestinal diseases.

Peppermint- a herbaceous, perennial plant belonging to the mint family. It blooms almost all summer, capturing autumn. Since ancient times, mint leaves have been recommended for use in stomach and intestinal cramps, diarrhea, flatulence, nausea and vomiting, effectively as a choleretic agent, with gallstones, with jaundice, as an anesthetic for hepatic colic, as well as a stimulant of cardiac activity and as a remedy for headaches, in case of nervous diseases and as a result of insomnia, in inflammatory processes in the periosteum of the middle ear, in nephrolithiasis. In a 1:4 alcohol solution, the essential oil is rubbed into the scalp for migraines, it is very effective for skin inflammations and is indispensable for inhalation in respiratory diseases.

Dandelion officinalis- a herbaceous perennial plant belonging to the Compositae family. Flowering continues from May to August. Dandelion root and grass are effective in diseases of the gallbladder, liver, jaundice, cholelithiasis, in disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, namely in colitis and constipation, in hemorrhoids, improves the quality of digestion and stimulates appetite, are indispensable in the treatment of atherosclerosis, anemia, with skin diseases. Young leaves of a freshly picked dandelion are used as an ingredient in a salad.

Shepherd's bag- an annual herbaceous plant belonging to the cruciferous family. flowers small size, white, collected in an elongated brush. Contraindicated in pregnant women. The herb is a hemostatic agent, helps to reduce the uterine muscles, reduces pressure, is used to stop bleeding of an internal nature, for wounds, for the treatment of fever, diarrhea; a decoction or juice of a fresh plant, diluted with water, is recommended for use in diseases of the liver, hepatic colic, kidney and bladder diseases, and impaired metabolism. Shepherd's purse infusion is prescribed as a hemostatic agent for uterine cancer. Fresh leaves of the plant are used for food, preparing salads, soups from them; The seeds taste like mustard.

Common tansy(Wild mountain ash) is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Compositae family. The stem is tall, erect, the leaves have a pinnate dissection, strongly smelling when rubbed, the flowers are yellow, small in size, in the form of tubules, collected in an inflorescence basket. Blooms almost all summer. Tansy is used for helminthic diseases such as ascariasis and pinworms, for liver diseases, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, for nervous disorders, inflammatory processes in the bladder and kidneys, kidney stones, for gout, headaches, malaria, as a menstrual stimulant, in febrile conditions, pulmonary tuberculosis, jaundice, rheumatism of the joints, jaundice, dislocations and wounds, as well as in the case of epilepsy.

Plantain large- wide famous plant herbaceous perennial, belonging to the plantain family. The inflorescence is a long, dense spike in the form of a cylinder, from small brownish flowers. Flowering continues all summer until autumn. Plantain has a hemostatic, bactericidal, well heals wounds, is characterized by an expectorant and pressure-lowering effect. Large plantain leaf juice is used to treat patients with chronic disorders of the gastrointestinal tract; used as a diuretic, as well as in chronic lung diseases, effective in dyspepsia, diabetes, helps with male and female infertility, is recommended for eye diseases, in the treatment of cancer, liver disease. Outwardly, it is advised to use it for erysipelas, ulcers, carbuncle wounds; freshly picked, washed in boiled water, crushed leaves are placed on the affected parts of the skin or washed with a tincture of the leaves.

Wormwood- tincture, decoction and extract of the plant are most often used as a source of bitterness for the development of appetite and activation of the digestive system. Contraindicated in pregnancy. Wormwood is used in diseases of the biliary tract, pancreas, colitis, helminthiasis, in the presence of bad bad breath, in various pulmonary diseases, not excluding whooping cough, tuberculosis, acute respiratory diseases, with sexual indifference, problems with menstrual cycle, with violations of sexual development, amenorrhea, infertility.

wheatgrass- the rhizome contains sugar-containing elements, glycosides, alcohols, a large amount of vitamins, fatty and essential oils, useful organic acids. The use is recommended in the treatment of urinary and biliary tract, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, in addition, they are treated with furunculosis, rickets, chronic constipation, hemorrhoids.

Chamomile officinalis- a plant belonging to the family Compositae herbaceous, annual. White flowers are collected in an inflorescence basket. Flowering continues for a long time from spring to late summer. Chamomile inflorescences, as a rule, without stems, with a pedicel length not exceeding 3 cm, are collected at the beginning of flowering, during the period when the reed marginal flowers in the baskets are horizontal. Essential oils of chamomile are a strong disinfectant and diaphoretic, help reduce gas formation, provide pain relief, prevent inflammation, chamomile is recommended for normalizing the activity of the gastrointestinal tract, activates the functioning of the central nervous system, speeding up breathing, increasing the number of heart contractions at times, has a vasodilator action, especially for the brain. Large quantities essential oils can provoke a headache and a general state of weakness. Preparations of chamomile officinalis affect the increase in the secretion of juices of the stomach and intestines; enhance bile secretion and increase appetite. Chamomile has a great effect in the treatment of bronchial asthma, rheumatism, skin diseases, burns, gastric diseases, colitis, colds, malaria, diseases associated with elevated temperature, scrofula, with diseases of the nervous system, insomnia, in addition, with excessive excitability, neuralgic pain, painful critical days, uterine bleeding, overwork. Outwardly, this plant is recommended for use in hemorrhoids, with increased sweating of the legs, chamomile has shown itself well in matters of hair care, it has a good therapeutic effect in gynecological diseases, trichomonas colpitis. In case of a flu-like condition, it is recommended to do inhalation with hot steam of chamomile infusion. For sluggish healing wounds, use externally, as well as for children's colic. With gout, ulcers and boils, preferably in the form of a decoction mixed with salt.

prickly tartar- a biennial herbaceous prickly plant belonging to the Compositae family. Flowering continues all summer. In folk medicine, tartar is used as a decoction in the treatment of malignant tumors, purulent wounds, is effective in the treatment of tetanus, ulcers, skin cancer, lupus and scrofula, vascular rheumatism, is indispensable as a diuretic, with painful sensations in the bladder, and is recommended for colds. for use as a decoction or powder.

Thyme(Thyme? ts, or Common thyme, or Bogorodskaya grass?) - a perennial shrub up to 15 cm high, the shoot spreads along the ground, only the flower-bearing stems rise or even are erect. Depending on the habitat, flowering continues from late spring all summer, but fruit ripening occurs in mid-summer until September. It is one of the best honey plants. Young leaves and shoots of thyme are great for salads and even for pickling cucumbers. All kinds of infusions, decoctions and thyme extract are recommended for diseases of acute and chronic respiratory tract, tuberculosis and bronchial asthma. Creeping thyme is characterized by an antimicrobial, sedative, effective in convulsions, a strong analgesic that promotes wound healing and a wide spectrum of action in helminthiasis. Aboveground part plants are used for expectorant, astringent and choleretic preparations, as well as bath preparations for inflammatory processes in the joints, it is also recommended for nervous diseases, as a diuretic, diaphoretic and antihypertensive agent. When applied externally, it is used in the form of compresses, soothing baths and lotions for painful sensations in the muscles. Ointments and lotions from thyme are desirable to use for rheumatism of the joints, it heals wounds well in skin diseases.

yarrow- a herbaceous perennial plant belonging to the Compositae family. Blooms all summer long autumn months. As a rule, the upper parts of a flowering plant are used for treatment, which should be collected during the flowering period. Yarrow has well-pronounced anti-inflammatory and bactericidal properties. Yarrow preparations increase the rate of blood clotting, are characterized as the strongest means of combating inflammatory, allergic reactions of the body, as well as rapid wound healing. In addition, yarrow increases the contractility of the uterine muscles, which explains its frequent use in uterine bleeding, the plant has a vasodilating effect and analgesic in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Yarrow is recommended for use in stopping internal bleeding - pulmonary, intestinal, uterine, hemorrhoidal, nasal, bleeding from the gums and wounds. In addition, yarrow preparations are also effective as a means of calming nature. With inflammation of the respiratory tract, yarrow is used as an infusion, as well as to improve appetite and digestion in general, with problems with the menstrual cycle, to increase the amount of milk in nursing mothers.

Common hop- a climbing plant belonging to the mulberry family, dioecious, perennial, with illiterate use even poisonous, the length can be up to 3-6 m, the root is fleshy, simple. The flowers are small, inconspicuous, unisexual, the fruits are rounded, in the form of one-seeded nuts, which are combined into yellowish-green inflorescences in the form of cones. Flowering lasts almost all summer, fruiting occurs in late summer, usually already in autumn. Common hop grows along the shores of lakes, rivers, in well-moistened broad-leaved forests, in glades, forest edges, in forest and forest-steppe zones, most often among shrubs. Preparations of "cones" of hops are used as a sedative, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic and analgesic. They are used for excessive nervous and sexual excitability, sleep disorders, nervous diseases, radiculitis, kidney disease, painful critical days, nocturnal emissions, menopause. Especially effective "cones" of hops in cystitis and urethritis.

Chicory- herbaceous plant belonging to the Compositae family, perennial. The flowers are blue, although pink or white are also found, collected in a basket inflorescence. Flowering continues throughout the summer until September. Chicory is used as a gastric, choleretic, laxative and is used to treat diseases of the liver, spleen, kidneys, and skin diseases. The hypoglycemic effect of chicory in diabetes mellitus has been found. Decoctions of roots and inflorescences have a bactericidal, sedative and astringent effect, enhances the secretion of gastric and intestinal juice, peristalsis of the gastrointestinal tract, increased appetite, choleretic and diuretic, immunomodulatory, antiallergic agent.

Celandine- a herbaceous perennial plant belonging to the poppy family. The straight stem of the plant is branched, with small hairs. Celandine, unlike many other plants, contains yellow-orange milky juice. Flowering continues almost all summer. The herb is characterized by a bactericidal, pronounced antitumor effect, is effective in the fight against fungal diseases, tones the smooth uterine muscles, and has an effect on blood pressure lowering it, has a choleretic effect. In addition, celandine is often used for heart disease, liver and gallbladder diseases, stomach cancer, colon polyposis. Fresh celandine grass juice is used to cauterize or remove warts, condylomas. It is recommended for use in the treatment of gout and rheumatism of the joints, skin tuberculosis, dry calluses, skin diseases, and ascites.

Salvia officinalis- semi-shrub belonging to the labiate family, perennial. Sage flowers produce sweet-smelling sweet nectar. Flowering continues from June to July. The leaves of this shrub are characterized by anti-inflammatory, disinfectant, astringent, emollient and sweat-limiting action, the ability to stop bleeding. It is used as an infusion or decoction of leaves for stomatitis, catarrh of the upper respiratory tract, as a therapeutic douche in case of tonsillitis and gynecological diseases, it is effective as a means of reducing sweating - the effect of this plant occurs after 1-2 hours, and the inhibition of sweating processes can continue sometimes the whole day, it is also recommended for menopausal women, and even as a means of reducing lactation in nursing mothers.

In the steppes grows a large number diversified different plants, such as:

• steppe sage;
• Datura;
• Red clover;
• Dubrovnik ordinary;
• Flax ordinary;
• steppe sage;
• Zopnik tuberous;
• Curly prickly, etc.

• I live in the steppe area.

  I really like flowering feather grass. It grows on the Arabat Spit of the Sea of ​​Azov.

  Blooming tulips are beautiful in late April - early May.

  

  And how useful is sage! And how wonderful he looks!

  

  And look at the red clover! Once I was visiting beekeepers, and we went to clover fields. The sight of clover and the mass of bees above them was breathtaking.

  

  Or maybe you will meet dope.

  

  And how the highlander touches the vitality of the grass.

  

  The steppe is called flat areas with predominant grassy vegetation (almost complete absence of trees and shrubs, with the exception of artificial plantations). The steppe zone is located in the temperate and subtropical zones.

  Cereal plants predominate in the steppes (feather grass, fescue, bluegrass, thin-legged, sheep).

  Also in the steppes, such plants are often found: immortelle, astragalus, bean, veronica, kermek, wormwood, plantain, sage, yarrow, bluehead, cumin, bruise, thyme.

  The steppe has a fairly large variety of plants. Mostly herbaceous plants grow there: clover, sweet clover, couch grass, sage, tulips, poppy, feather grass, angelica, thyme, wormwood, bluebell, yarrow, mullein, semolina, thyme and much more.

  Growing: sage, tulip, astragalus, cutter. These are the plants, she answered 5 received!

  Plants growing in the steppes are very diverse, but they have common features - they are dry resistant, can tolerate heat, relatively small leaves. Basically, the plant world of the steppes is represented by herbaceous plants. Among them there are fodder plants:

  Honey herbs such as budra, veronica, heather, knotweed and so on.

  Lots of medicinal plants.

  Trees do not grow in the steppe, and even shrubs cannot survive there. It's all about the winds, and because of them, the moisture from the earth evaporates very quickly, without reaching the deep words of the soil, so there is only enough water for grasses.

  The growth of steppe grasses can reach a height of more than 1 meter.

  These plants are: sleep-grass, poppy, crocuses, feather grass, blackthorn, etc.

  

  In the steppe grow those plants that can live for a long time without moisture, they are afraid scorching sun, drought, strong winds. These include: poppy self-seed, handsome tulip, feather grass, angelica, thyme, yarrow, wormwood, fluffy creamy meadowsweet, bluebell, prickly prickly clover, mountain clover, adonis.

  

  Many different plants grow in the steppe, here are some of them.

  Mullein ordinary with large yellow flowers, can reach 2 meters in height. In folk medicine, flowers are used for coughs.

  

  Wormwood is a perennial herb that has a thick, woody root.

  

  As well as white clover, prolomnik, poppy, krupka, tulips, astragalus, fescue, thyme and many others.

  In the steppe grows a huge species diversity of plants. The landscape of the steppes, of course, affects appearance plants. For steppe plants, the following similar characteristics can be distinguished:

  1) branched root system;

  2) roots in the form of bulbs;

  3) narrow leaves;

  4) mostly fleshy stems.

  So, in the steppe grow such plants as:

  • Krupka. annual plant with a branched stem and oblong leaves with yellow flowers. Flowering in April-July;
  • Breaker. An annual plant with oblong leaves and many flower arrows ending in inflorescences with small white flowers;
  • Poppy. Can be annual and perennial on long peduncles with flower buds.
  • Tulips. Perennials with large flowers and fleshy stems;
  • Astragalus. Grows even in the driest steppes, its flowers can have more than 950 kinds of shades.
  • Feather grass. Perennial having a smooth stem (up to 1 meter tall) and spinous leaves.

  Melissa, camel's thorn and wormwood, known to all, also grow in the steppe.

  I have provided only a short list of steppe plants.

  The steppe is an almost endless expanse on which tall and not very grasses grow, and it is very rare to find thickets of shrubs or a lonely group of trees. There are steppes on all continents, and therefore steppe plants can vary greatly, but let's focus on plants growing in our steppes. First of all, the most common steppe plant you can call Kovyl, which in some places is called Tyrsa.