Life form - liana. Perennial creepers for the garden: photos and names
In order for green "pets" to please you with beauty and health, they need to find a suitable support. And it, in turn, depends on what kind of "climber" belongs to. So, let's figure it out.
Parthenocissus (pictured variety "Veitchii") with three-lobed leaves that turn bright red in autumn, grows very quickly
climbing vines
Plants of this species:- wisteria (Wisteria);
- honeysuckle (Lonicera);
- hops (Humulus);
- kirkazon (Aristolochia);
- akebia (Akebia).
These are climbing representatives of the flora, which cannot climb to heights without support. They wrap around it and are fixed on the structure with their shoots. Such vines are suitable for the most simple supports, for example, poles (in the figure on the left, honeysuckle and hops curl along them) or stretched wire. 
1. Curly creepers - honeysuckle and hops. 2. The most famous half-liana - climbing rose - is combined with clematis (it belongs to clinging vines). 3. Climbing creepers girlish grapes and petiolate hydrangea are attached to a vertical surface with aerial roots or appressors
Some plants twist the stems clockwise, others against, while the second group includes more plants.
How far to plant the plant from the wall depends on how fast the vine grows.. So, when planting "high-speed" wisteria, the support should be at a distance of about 20 cm from the wall of the house, and in the case of less fast honeysuckle, it is enough to retreat only 5 cm. Curly vines are found both among perennials (kirkazon, wisteria) and among annuals (for example, winged tunbergia and morning glory).
Actinidia, like wisteria, needs a strong trellis. Plants are so powerful that they can even deform drainpipes!
Actinidia, like wisteria, needs a strong trellis
Ipomoea shines on the garden stage for only one season.
This creeper strewn with catchy flowers climbs to a height of up to 3 m.
Read more about growing and caring for it in the article:
Leaning creepers or semi-lianas
Plants of this species:- climbing rose (Rosa);
- naked jasmine (Jasminum nudiflorum);
- shrub blackberry (Rubus fruticosus).
Rose "Bobby James" strewn with white flowers. This rambler is great for landscaping facades and old fruit trees.
Climbing roses are strong when their long, flexible stems and side shoots are threaded through the cells of the trellis.
Since half-lianas do not have fasteners in the classical sense of the word, and they themselves are not able to wrap around the support, their flexible shoots must be regularly attached to it (with the help of thorns, thorns, hairs or protruding side shoots, they simply hold on to the support, but do not climb it in any way). If the structure has a smooth polished surface, it is advisable to additionally tie up the shoots. Semi-lianas are suitable for both vertical columns and trellises made of cables stretched across, thick wire or nailed transverse strips.
When buying a trellis and mesh support, pay attention to the size of the cells - they must be large enough. For example, for a climbing rose, the mesh should be with cells of at least 30 cm in size, otherwise the thick lashes of the plant will become cramped over the years.
As in the case of climbing vines, when planting a half-liana, it is necessary to retreat from the facade by at least 20 cm. By the way, lignified half-lianas gain significant mass with age, therefore the structure must be stable.
For berry bushes trellises are perfect. Plants formed on them bloom better and, accordingly, bear fruit.
A blackberry without thorns does not hold well on a support, so its whips, unlike its prickly "brother", must be additionally tied up.
A blackberry without thorns does not hold well on a support, so its whips must be additionally tied up
However, after reading the article, you will see that the garter is necessary for all modern blackberry varieties.
climbing creepers
Plants of this species:- ivy (Hedera);
- girlish grapes (Parthenocissus);
- petiolate hydrangea (Hydrangea petiolaris);
- campsis (Campsis);
- Fortune's euonymus (Euonymus fortunei).
This group of plants generally does without support, since these vines are attached to a vertical surface. aerial roots or appressors (special organs of attachment such as suckers), which is clearly seen in the example of girlish grapes and petiolate hydrangea, climbing straight up the brickwork:
The mustache turned into suckers makes it possible girlish grapes climb up to a height of up to 15 m without support.
Mustaches that have turned into suckers make it possible for girl's grapes to climb up to a height of up to 15 m along the facades without support.
petiolate hydrangea uses aerial roots to attach to the wall. On very smooth surfaces, it is still desirable to install a support.
Hydrangea petiolate uses aerial roots to attach to the wall. On very smooth surfaces, it is still desirable to install a support
It is to these vines that the attitude of gardeners is very different: some like the power and unbridledness of these plants, while others are infuriated by raised tiles on the roof, as well as damaged brickwork joints and clogged gutters. One thing is clear: if you do not want to give up these plants, you will have to prune them regularly.
By the way, think carefully about where you "settle" climbing vines. External thermal insulation of the house and decorative cladding, as a rule, are not hardy enough. In addition, the attachment organs of the vines and their remains are incredibly difficult to remove from the wall. If you want to plant a wall at home, choose better climbing plants, climbing on a support: they are easier to keep in check. Fences, partitions and stable wooden pergolas, that is, those places where climbing vines can calmly develop and will not cause harm - the most suitable area for the application of plants of this species. And one more thing: while ivy and girlish grapes conquer even the most unthinkable heights with ease and absolutely independently, for campsis and petiole hydrangea it is necessary stretch the wire. Indeed, due to their considerable mass, they can simply break off, even despite being fastened with aerial roots.
clinging creepers
Plants of this species:- clematis (Clematis);
- passionflower (Passiflora);
- rank (Lathyrus);
- grapes (Vitis);
- lagenaria (Lagenaria).
How large the cells should be depends entirely on the plant. So, for a refined clematis, a mesh with cells of 5 cm is suitable, but for powerful lashes of grapes you will need “holes” up to 20 cm in size.
Downspouts can be planted with vines of this type by installing special semicircular supports, for example, made of aluminum
Besides, the crossbars of the support should be no thicker than a finger so that the petioles and tendrils of plants can easily cover them. 
Clematis and K hold on to a support, wrapping their leaf petioles around it. That is why the crossbars must be thin
Support must be installed at a distance of 5-15 cm from the wall depending on the growth rate of the plant itself. If you want to use clinging vines for landscaping the façade, guiding them like a fan, you can use ready-made support structures or make your own (ideally with plastic sheathed wire or stainless steel cables). For such non-traditional designs fastenings must be especially strong so that the cables or wire can be well tensioned.
Text: Dieke van Dieken.
Photo: Jürgen Becker, MSG/L. Prickung, M. Staffler; Garpa, P. Hahn, Ulrike Romeis.
Production: K. Nennstiel/C. Hartman.
Pictures: Flora Press/Practical Pictures, MSG/Claudia Schick.
The article is posted in sections:
Many dream of "curling the whole house with ivy." And they plant near the house ... hops.)
Others are afraid of dampness on the walls. Still others think that any liana "strangles" the tree ...
Where is the truth? Let's understand a little.
The fact is that creepers grow oh-oh-very differently.
Lianas with perennial stems are the same trees and shrubs (buds of renewal of skeletal branches on the tops - like trees, or near the soil - like shrubs), but unable to support themselves. To support the vines, other plants, soil are used (many of them take root easily at the points of contact) or rocks.
They "save" on the construction of mechanical tissues, directing resources to the rapid elongation of the stems. All creepers are forest plants and are very shade-tolerant when young. The flowering and fruiting of most vines occurs only with sufficiently good illumination (in horticultural terminology, this is “partial shade”).
By the nature of growth, woody vines (with perennial trunks) are:
All lianas and lianas can be used for shading buildings or sites, given the nature of growth.
In the northern regions, many shrub and tree lianas annually freeze to the level of snow or even to the level of the soil, i.e. behave like semi-shrubs or like herbaceous perennials.
Some creepers give edible fruit- Actinidia, Lemongrass, Grapes, Blackberries, Akebia. Others are valued for their spectacular blooms - Rose, Jasmine, Clematis, Prince, Wisteria, Akebia, Highlander, Honeysuckle, Campsis. Or for a dense sheet mosaic - Ivy, Parthenocissus, Kirkazon, Fortune's Euonymus, Hydrangea.
And a few more words about a common prejudice - allegedly "under the vines the wall is damp" ... 
Actually this is not true. The leaves of the vines give a very dense "leaf tile". Even after a downpour with a strong side wind, the wall under the vines is dry! Don't believe me, check...
Dampness on a wall overgrown with vines can be observed ... in autumn and spring, if deciduous vines grow right on the wall. The fact is that fallen leaves sometimes accumulate on the stems and shoots, which absorb precipitation ... It is very simple to solve this problem - it is enough to withstand the gap between the supports (to which the stems of the vines are attached) and the wall. Or (if the climate allows) - plant evergreen vines, it is dry under them all year round. Do you think why the British love curling their hair so much? brick houses ivy? In their damp climate?
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Not being able to freely stay in the air, they find vertical support with the help of tendrils, adventitious roots, attachments and rise high in the air, where they develop foliage and flowers. Liana is one of the life forms of plants.
Lianas are characteristic mainly of tropical forests (according to Grisebach, in the West Indian forests 33% of lianas), where they, twisting around trees, clinging to them with antennae, suckers, throwing their branches from tree to tree, sometimes form impenetrable thickets. In temperate climates, creepers are not so frequent (in Europe, about 1.8%). Here they do not give the landscapes that characteristic feature like under the tropics.
In a systematic sense, the vines are very diverse. There are also mystic plants between them ( Pteridophyta), For example, Equisetum giganteum(giant horsetail), Lycopoduim volubile(curly club moss), Selaginella, many ferns ( Lygodium, Gleichenia etc.), and phanerogamous plants, like gymnosperms, for example, species Ephedra, Gnetum, and angiosperms; the predominant number of vines belongs to the last group of plants. Of the monocot vines, the following families are rich: Lily (205 genera), Amaryllis (63 genera), Dioscorea (9 genera), Cereals (315 genera); Dicotyledonous: Pepper (11 genera), (55 genera), Nettle (41 genera), Goosefoot (83 genera), Annonaceae (61 genera), Ranunculaceae (27 genera), Rutaceae (101 genera), Euphorbiaceae (212 genera), Saxifrage (66 genera), Melastoma (133 genera), Pink (79 genera), Bignoniaceae (55 genera), Norichnikovye (166 genera), Rubiaceae (346 genera), Asteraceae (835 genera), etc.
Morphologically and anatomically, lianas present many interesting features related to their diverse lifestyle. Their stems, protruding from the seed during germination, often first produce mustaches, suckers, etc., and then leaves. According to the method of attachment, the vines fall into four more or less separate groups:
- some are attached with tendrils, such as grapes, bryony;
- others by special organs called suckers; for example, ivy, which is sucked on by special short roots coming out of bottom surface branches;
- still others do not have special attachment organs, but the stems themselves twist around trees, stamens, etc., for example, hops, bindweeds, and under the tropics, many huge lianas from different families equipped with woody trunks;
- finally, the fourth special attachment organs also do not have, but their stems are held between the branches of trees, leaning on them with their side branches, needles, thorns, etc., for example, many palm trees.
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Literature
- Shenk H. Beiträge zur Biologie und Anatomie der Lianen. - (Jena, 1892-1893).
- // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.
- creepers- article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia.
An excerpt characterizing Liana
"What are they doing? - thought Prince Andrei, looking at them: - why does not the red-haired artilleryman run when he has no weapons? Why doesn't the Frenchman prick him? Before he has time to run, the Frenchman will remember the gun and stab him.”Indeed, another Frenchman, with a gun overweight, ran up to the fighters, and the fate of the red-haired artilleryman, who still did not understand what awaited him, and triumphantly pulled out the banner, was to be decided. But Prince Andrei did not see how it ended. As if from the full swing of a strong stick, one of the nearest soldiers, as it seemed to him, hit him in the head. It hurt a little, and most importantly, unpleasant, because this pain entertained him and prevented him from seeing what he was looking at.
"What is it? I'm falling? my legs give way, ”he thought, and fell on his back. He opened his eyes, hoping to see how the fight between the French and the artillerymen ended, and wishing to know whether the red-haired artilleryman had been killed or not, whether the guns had been taken or saved. But he didn't take anything. Above him there was nothing but the sky—a high sky, not clear, but still immeasurably high, with gray clouds quietly creeping across it. “How quiet, calm and solemn, not at all the way I ran,” thought Prince Andrei, “not the way we ran, shouted and fought; not in the same way as the Frenchman and the artilleryman dragged each other's bannik with angry and frightened faces - not at all like the clouds crawling across this high, endless sky. How could I not have seen this lofty sky before? And how happy I am that I finally got to know him. Yes! everything is empty, everything is a lie, except for this endless sky. Nothing, nothing but him. But even that is not even there, there is nothing but silence, calmness. And thank God!…"
On the right flank at Bagration at 9 o'clock, the matter had not yet begun. Not wanting to agree to Dolgorukov's demand to start a business and wanting to deflect responsibility from himself, Prince Bagration suggested that Dolgorukov send the commander in chief to ask about it. Bagration knew that, at a distance of almost 10 miles, separating one flank from the other, if they did not kill the one who was sent (which was very likely), and if he even found the commander-in-chief, which was very difficult, the sent one would not have time to return earlier evenings.
Bagration glanced at his retinue with his large, expressionless, sleepy eyes, and Rostov's childish face, involuntarily dying with excitement and hope, was the first to catch his eye. He sent it.
- And if I meet his majesty before the commander-in-chief, your excellency? - said Rostov, holding his hand to the visor.
“You can pass it on to His Majesty,” said Dolgorukov hastily interrupting Bagration.
Having changed from the chain, Rostov managed to sleep a few hours before morning and felt cheerful, bold, resolute, with that elasticity of movements, confidence in his happiness and in that mood in which everything seems easy, fun and possible.
All his desires were fulfilled this morning; was given pitched battle, he participated in it; moreover, he was an orderly under the bravest general; moreover, he went on an assignment to Kutuzov, and perhaps to the sovereign himself. The morning was clear, the horse under it was kind. His heart was full of joy and happiness. Having received the order, he started his horse and galloped along the line. At first he rode along the line of Bagration's troops, who had not yet entered into action and stood motionless; then he drove into the space occupied by Uvarov's cavalry and here he already noticed movements and signs of preparations for the case; having passed Uvarov's cavalry, he already clearly heard the sounds of cannon and cannon fire in front of him. The shooting intensified.
garden creepers decorate the walls of the facades with lush greenery and colorful flowers. Lianas are diverse annual or perennial plants with weak stems. Because of this weakness, they cannot stay upright in the air like most plants. Therefore, creepers have adapted to survive using various vertical supports. Plants cling to them with the help of antennae, suckers, spines, additional roots and twigs.
The homeland of vines are the tropics and subtropics (Africa, America and Asia), but they have long been widespread in Europe. Now climbing plants are quite widespread, even in Siberia and Far East.
AT landscape design climbing vines used to decorate old trees, terraces, balconies, walls of various buildings, arbors. With their help, you can hide unsightly buildings and sheds, compost pits, fences, etc.
All species diversity vines can be divided into two types: annual and perennial. All types have both decorative and fruit varieties. Consider the most popular varieties garden vines grown in the climatic conditions of central Russia and more northern regions.
Annual creepers for the garden
Annual creepers have proven themselves as garden plants. They are capable of a short time grow up to 5 meters tall. With their help, you can quickly decorate neglected buildings or fill the voids of the garden and cottages. They are great for creating compositions in flower beds and small partitions, screens, cones.
Annual creepers are grown from seeds or seedlings, which are planted in open ground in mid-May (after the last frost). For seeds expressed in the soil, a greenhouse is formed, and after the appearance of two or three true leaves, pinching is carried out to form new shoots. Annual climbing plants need nutritious soil and one full-length top dressing all season, heat and light.
There are not so many climbing annuals for the garden, but modern gardeners often use perennial vines as annuals. The peculiarity of this approach lies in the exemption from extra hassle for sheltering plants and the opportunity to diversify the landscape of your site every year. Below are photos and names of annual climbing plants for the garden.
Echinocystis
Or "mad cucumber". The homeland of this plant is North America. Echinocystis was considered an aggressive weed until recently. In wild nature found along river banks and other wet areas. But gardeners considered the pristine beauty in it and appreciated the original decorative effect. It consists in pale green leaves and racemose inflorescences of pale yellow color. Fruits are considered a special decoration of the vine - prickly pumpkins, which are formed in large groups. The “mad cucumber” blooms from June to September, after which the formation and dispersal of seeds from bursting fruits begins. Echinocystis loves moist soil and coolness, the presence of light does not play a special role. Strong objects should be chosen as a support, because the plant quickly gains mass. Echinocystis is beautiful plant honey collection. Beekeepers specially plant thickets of this plant to obtain fragrant honey.
Sweet pea
In the wild, this plant is found in Sicily. This one-year-old bindweed from the legume family is loved by gardeners for its pleasant aroma and attractive bright flowers. Exist shrub species and curly, which feel great near fences, nets and gratings. Pea has long thin stems and leaves, clings to the support with antennae. Large flowers have an elegant shape and a variety of shades. Flowering begins in June and ends with the onset of frost. Sweet peas are best grown from seedlings (March) and planted after return frosts(May) on permanent place. Fertilize the soil generously before planting. mineral fertilizers, drain and moisturize. Young peas are planted at a distance of 10-15 cm from each other. For planting, it is better to choose a sunny and calm place.
Basella white
The leaves of this plant have medicinal properties and are eaten in China, India, Vietnam. It has another name - Malabar spinach. Basella has heart-shaped massive leaves of dark green color with a pleasant aroma. Flowers resemble unopened buds, collected in one brush. The color is white with a pinkish bloom. Purple fruits complement the decorative effect of the plant. Liana is grown from seeds that are sown in pots for seedlings. When the frosts finally go away, the basella is planted in the ground and carefully monitor the formation of the stem. side shoots are removed. Blossoming begins in June and is replaced in August by plentiful fruits. It is best to plant basella in bright and warm places, providing it good watering and feed.
Dolichos
Liana from the legume family, popular because of its rapid growth, unpretentiousness and high decorative effect. Length about 3 meters. Can be planted in open ground in May or, for more early flowering, for seedlings in April.
Kobe climbing
Beautiful, interesting and heat-loving plant. Homeland kobei - South America where it is a perennial plant. In Russian latitudes, it is used as an annual. Kobeya has light green leaves, soft to the touch, and ending in long tendrils with which it clings to supports. The shape of the flowers in kobei is bell-shaped, and the color changes throughout the flowering period from pale green to purple-red. interesting view the flower is given long white stamens and pistil protruding beyond the flower. Kobe is grown from seeds in February - March, young sprouts dive, and then the plant is transplanted several times as the root system grows. In early June, kobei seedlings are planted in open ground, immediately forming a support for them. This creeper loves light, heat and moisture. It needs to be fertilized twice a month.
Nasturtium
This vine has many varieties and has about fifty species. Nasturtiums are perennial and annual. AT middle lane Russia and Siberia, nasturtium is grown as an annual. This is climbing plant with strongly branched stems and round leaves on long petioles. The flowers are large (up to 5 cm) and very fragrant. Nasturtium has a bright coloring - yellow, orange, cherry, purple or salmon. Nasturtium seeds are sown directly into the ground in mid-May at a distance of 35 cm from each other. After two weeks, the first shoots appear. They grow quickly, and the plant begins to bloom in late June. This climbing plant is planted in bright places protected from the wind with an abundance of sun. In landscape design, both nasturtium flowers and the abundant greenery of the leaves are successfully used. For lush flowering leaves are pruned and watering is limited. But if you need to create a green background of leaves, then watering is increased and the plant is fed with organic fertilizers.
Kvamoklit
This plant is considered southern and not many flower growers undertake to grow it in the garden. But in vain! The plant, as the experience of our gardeners has shown, is unpretentious and grows with pleasure even in the northern regions of the country. It can be grown both as a potted plant and as an outdoor plant. With the help of quamoclite, gazebos, walls, verandas are decorated, figures are made in the form of a Christmas tree. All a florist needs to know is some of the features of such beautiful plant and take into account its growing conditions.
Passionflower
The exotic beauty of the liana is given by magnificent large and very unusual flowers with a pleasant aroma, similar to a crown or a star. Depending on the species, they can be white, blue, purple or red. Despite the fact that the passionflower flower lives only a day, the abundance of buds makes it possible to admire the magnificent long flowering, which usually begins in June. Some species, after flowering, produce edible and tasty fruits called passion fruit. Despite the fact that passionflower is a heat-loving vine, it can be successfully grown in our climate. It is enough to provide the appropriate conditions for the exotic and during the flowering period we will be able to admire its beautiful flowers without any problems. Some species, such as incarnate passionflower (P. incarnata) and blue (P. caerulea), tolerate a long-term drop in temperature to -15 ̊С. The rest of the species must be brought into the house for the winter.
Bindweed
Perennial garden bindweed is very useful as a medicinal plant, but this plant is not always so useful for the garden. Very often, a bindweed in the form of a hedge, gradually, wins more and more space for itself, sometimes crowding out cultivated plants. But this plant blooms for a very long time - all summer and part of autumn - until the start of frost and is extremely charming.
Kobeya
Curly liana, reaching 3-6 meters, rapidly growing, densely leafy with complex three-pair leaves arranged oppositely. The flowers are large, up to 8 cm in diameter, bell-shaped, with long stamens and pistil, coming out, may have different shades of purple and white. It blooms from July until frost, usually in the upper part of the vine, at a height of 1.5 meters. The plant is perennial, but does not hibernate in our open field. Its rapid growth allows it to be grown as an annual. Seeds are sown for seedlings in early March. Kobeya is used for decoration and vertical gardening facades of buildings, verandas, terraces, arches, arbors, it will easily wrap around any fences.
Visloplodnik
Climbing plant from warm countries, belongs to the Bignoniaceae family. At home, it is a perennial, we cultivate it as an annual liana. There are few types of visloplodnik, according to various sources - three or four. In horticulture, they usually use a rough vine (or eccremocarpus). This is interesting and beautiful liana with bright colors can reach a length of five meters. Bright flowering continues from July to late autumn. Liana is distinguished by unusual tubular flowers, and openwork foliage and original fruits. The fruits, after which the plant was apparently named, appear in August. Vistula flowers are collected in brushes about 15 cm long and can have a golden, orange, red, less often pink color. The color of the flowers is heterogeneous and differs between the pharynx and the main part of the flower. Vistulas are used for vertical gardening of terraces, arbors, arches, decorating fences, walls and unsightly parts of the garden.
Azarina
Azarina (another name for Maurandia) curly perennial in the conditions of central Russia, it is mainly grown as an annual. And although this plant is still quite rare in our gardens, it is quite capable of decorating any area, it can be used both as a "steeper" and as a beautiful ampelous plant. Perfect for landscaping balconies and for container floriculture. Color any gazebo, arch or pergola. Flowering continues from July until frost. Beautiful flowers, unfortunately not worth in bouquets.
Thunbergia
Thunbergia (another name - black-eyed Susanna) is a perennial flowering liana, grown as an annual in our climate. The length of the stems of this plant can reach 2.5 meters, the leaves are heart-shaped, large single flowers about 5 cm in diameter can be white, cream, yellow or orange in color, in most varieties with a dark "eye" in the center. Thunbergia blooms are abundant and long from July to September. Thunbergia is used in vertical gardening. It can climb up a support, or be grown as an ampelous plant for balcony boxes and hanging baskets. The plant prefers sunny and wind-protected places, regular watering and infrequent fertilizing with complex mineral fertilizer.
Perennial creepers for the garden
Perennial vines have long and firmly gained popularity among gardeners from all over the world. In Russia, climbing plants grow freely in the southern regions of the country and in the middle lane. In Siberia this species horticultural crops not widely distributed due to problems with frost resistance.
Most lianas come from hot countries and do not tolerate severe frosts. But, nevertheless, there are those who winter well, even without shelter. These are girlish grapes, actinidia, Siberian prince, round-leaved wood pliers, clematis and some others.
Perennials are often used for vertical gardening of buildings, arbors, original design arches and terraces. For several years, perennial vines are able to completely cover a building with a height of 2 - 3 floors. When choosing a garden composition, it is important to take into account the peculiarities of dividing vines according to decorativeness.
Evergreen creepers quickly capture space and require constant shape adjustment. Blooming creepers require close attention and regular fertilizing from the gardener. Therefore, let's talk about some interesting perennial climbing plants for the garden with photos and names attached.
Bryonia white
Bryonia is from Central Asia. frost-resistant herbaceous plant, which is one of the first to start growing in spring. The leaves are green five-lobed, the stems are long, the flowers are yellowish, collected in inflorescences. Flowering occurs in June - July. Bryonia white has a high growth rate and constantly requires shape adjustments. It is valued for its decorative leaves and unpretentiousness in care. Attention! Bryonia is poisonous plant! When landing, avoid places that are easily accessible to children and animals. The poisonous properties of this vine have not yet been fully studied.
Actinidia polygamous
Tree-like, frost-resistant, deciduous liana with decorative leaves. Its homeland is Asia, where this plant began to be used for medicinal purposes. Liana is famous for changing the color of the leaves throughout the year from light green to raspberry shades. It grows equally well in shaded and light areas. Propagated by cuttings, which are cut in June.
bougainvillea
Perennial climber of Brazilian origin in natural habitats blooms all year round. This heat-loving plant is not grown outdoors in central Russia and in Siberia. In these latitudes, the life of bougainvillea is possible only as a pot culture, which can be taken outside in summer. However, it deserves the attention of gardeners. Bougainvillea is easily formed as a shrub, creeper or stem tree. This is possible thanks to creeping shoots that become sallow over time. The plant is also famous for its magnificent bracts, which have a huge number of shades and different shape(triangular, round, heart-shaped). This liana loves the sun and moisture, needs two seasonal pruning of young shoots and enhanced feeding during active growth.
Wisteria
Wisteria has a second name - wisteria. Valued for numerous flowers collected in racemose dense inflorescences. Flowers come in three colors - white, lilac and pink. Liana blooms violently and very beautifully. Caring for wisteria is quite painstaking. So, pruning should consist of three stages (May - August - April), allowing you to control violent growth. Abundant watering, constant feeding, shelter and warming of young animals in the winter are necessary. But, these worries will not be in vain, and wisteria will decorate any garden.
curly hydrangea
Hydrangea can be called without embellishment the "queen of the garden." She was loved and admired in many countries at various times. Grow this flower because of the lush flower balls that can change color from white to color pink. This heat-loving plant, until recently, was grown in Russia as an indoor and greenhouse plant. But in recent times there has been an increase in the trend towards growing hydrangeas in the garden. For her, choose a well-lit area on a hill and provide constant watering. For winter, hydrangea should be prepared gradually from September. Leaves and shoots are cut in several stages, and before frost it is well covered with dry leaves, grass and film.
girlish grapes
Oddly enough, even those who are far from gardening know about girlish grapes. This decorative vine is valued for its unpretentiousness, frost resistance and fast growth. The five-pointed leaves are green color in summer and bright red in autumn. This type of grape grows well both in the shade and in the light. Does not require abundant watering and top dressing. Shoots easily take a given direction. It begins to bloom in July with small white flowers. Propagated by seeds, cuttings and seedlings. Active growth begins in the second - third year after planting.
Ipomoea
Ipomoea is often confused with the common bindweed. In nature, about 500 species of morning glory are distinguished, among which are the moonflower, quamoclit and farbitis. This vine is valued for the beautiful flowering of huge flowers (up to 15 cm in diameter). They have a wide variety of colors - white, blue, blue, purple, tricolor, etc. Ipomoea is grown from seeds with a greenhouse. Seedlings are treated in the usual way (picking, pinching, hardening), with the only difference being that a support is immediately attached to the young shoots. Seedlings are planted in the ground in early June, providing sufficient watering and feed. The plant begins to bloom in July, and fruit boxes ripen in October. Ipomoea is frost-resistant and flowering can continue until frost.
Clematis
Climbing perennial beautifully flowering plants of the Buttercup family. Their genus is very extensive, experts call about 300 species. Among them there are herbaceous perennials (shoots die off for the winter), semi-shrubs (part of the shoots, woody from below, remains in winter) and shrubs (they have completely woody shoots). Depending on this, clematis of different groups must be cut in different ways. There are also small-flowered species clematis and large-flowered ones. Clematis can bloom on the shoots of the current year, on the shoots of the current year and last year's lignified shoots, or only on lignified shoots. Last year's shoots of semi-shrub and shrub clematis must be covered in winter period. When choosing varieties of clematis with double flowers, you need to know that only the first wave of flowering on last year's and successfully overwintered shoots will be double.
Siberian prince
frost resistant, beautiful view creepers, ideal for growing in Siberia. In the garden, it is mainly used as a hedge. Oddly enough, but the prince feels great in shaded areas with any soil. However, this vine does not like moisture. This plant blooms all summer with large white flowers (in other types of prince there is large quantity shades). Leaves do not fall until winter. Propagated by seeds and cuttings, although it will be enough to dig up young shoots to get a new plant.
Schisandra chinensis
It is a deciduous vine that grows up to 10 m in height. The leaves are thin elliptical in shape, the stem is of medium thickness, covered with bark. Flowers are small, white color. The fruits are bright red in color, collected in sprigs of many round berries. The plant emits a pleasant lemon aroma, for which it got its name. Flowering begins in May, and fruits are formed only in September. Lemongrass photophilous plant requiring annual top dressing and autumn pruning. Worth paying Special attention lemongrass support, which should be at least 3 meters in height. Grow lemongrass from seeds and seedlings. young plant begins to bear fruit in the third year of life. For pharmacological purposes, all parts of the vine are used. Leaves, stems, roots are dried for brewing, and berries for confectionery use.
Honeysuckle "Caprifall"
This is climbing liana up to 4-5 meters high. Valued for good winter hardiness, fast growth, decorative foliage and fruits (inedible), but especially for the delicious aroma of flowers. The presence of a beautiful support and proper care, a pledge of beauty and grace of this liana. If not cared for, she may look untidy. The honeysuckle shoots are twisted counterclockwise, they are evenly distributed over the support and, if necessary, formative pruning is carried out. Read more about honeysuckle honeysuckle here.
red bubble
Or a woodcutter. Curly large liana. In autumn, the leaves take on a lemon-golden color and can create a stunning contrast with the burgundy-ruby decoration of parthenocissus. The vine is also decorative with bright fruits, inedible and slightly poisonous, but remaining on it almost all winter. Some gardeners are afraid of this creeper because of the awesome name, however, the tree plier will not be able to destroy large tree with a powerful trunk, although next to fruit trees and planting it with shrubs is really not worth it. Well, the walls of the house and garden buildings it will surely decorate.
climbing rose
It will decorate any garden. You can admire these flowers endlessly. These roses bloom for a long time, plentifully, they are not afraid of drought. Pergola, fence, bench and wall of the house - all this will be a good support for climbing roses. And it’s easy to take care of them - buy and plant a bush you like, water it regularly and feed it with fertilizers 2-3 times a season.
Campsis
Heat-loving, fast-growing climbing plant with surprisingly attractive flowers. Kampsis tolerates short-term frosts, but cannot remain without shelter in cold winters. Kampsis has a strong stem, similar to vine. The leaves are dark green oval. The flowers are tubular, bright color, collected in inflorescences. Seeds are in a pod-shaped pod, which cracks when ripe. This vine blooms in early June. Kampsis propagates in all sorts of ways - cuttings, seeds, layering from the roots, etc. The plant is planted in areas protected from the wind and sufficiently illuminated. Provide adequate watering and complex fertilizer during growth and flowering. Liana tolerates pruning well, which allows you to shape the look of the plant and control growth.
BUY vine seedlings in the nursery
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Liana is a broad concept that includes all climbing and climbing plants that have a variety of ways to attach to a support. It was introduced into scientific terminology by the German naturalist Alexander Humboldt in 1806.
The word "liana" comes from the French verb Her and its older Latin form ligare, to bind. In the GDR and the FRG, Liana is everywhere - the name of a girl, which means "embrace", "embracing". in French and German, in addition, the root of the word liana is found in the concepts of "love affair", "intrigue", "intentionally contact or connect", "tape".
In fairy tales, myths and legends, creepers are rarely mentioned. In the tale of Daphnis and Chloe from ancient Greek mythology talking about plush. In the old Arabic literature there is a mention of a curly bean. The famous dervish points to him to people and compares: "Just as this bean cannot reach the sky, so a person cannot enter paradise, but when it bears fruit, like a fiery bean, Allah exalts it." There is also a fairy tale about the sleeping beauty princess. It mentions climbers.
In our imagination, creepers are usually associated with rainforests. The stories of travelers about creepers in the tropics remain in the memory for a long time: "They twist around thinner trunks, hang from branches, spread from tree to tree, hang on branches with powerful festoons, like snakes crawl along the ground with huge twists or lie on it in tangled balls. Some thin, smooth, similar to aerial roots, others coarse and knotted; often they are tied to each other like real ropes; some of them are flat, like ribbons, others are jagged, intricately sinuous.
Lianas are called large group plants different types and botanical genera belonging to different families. They are united by some common structure, mainly the stem - flexible, unable to stand upright on its own. To climb up, the stem of the vine must have support. Wrapping around it or clinging to it with the help of leaves, tendrils, thorns, roots and other devices, it can be held in the appropriate position.
The whole variety of devices for fixing on a support in vines is most fully manifested in tropical rainforests. Their stems, resembling ropes, form loops and swings here. Using them, you can make your way through the forest without stepping on the ground. During the rainy season, when walking on clay slippery soil is almost impossible, people with relief grab hold of the flexible and durable stems hanging in abundance from everywhere. But woe to the traveler when on his way he comes across a reed rattan palm tree, the thin stem of which is planted with sharp thorns. Braiding nearby standing plants, rattan forms impenetrable thickets. And if the traveler did not stock up on a cleaver to cut his way, then soon his clothes would be torn, and his body would be wounded, wrapping around a tree trunk, creepers can form a steep spiral with their shoots, resembling a coiled spring. But sometimes the coils of this spiral are so far away from each other that it seems as if the vine is growing, just clinging to the tree.
The internal structure of the vines is also interesting. Their main trunk wood usually consists of vascular-fibrous bundles surrounded by softer tissue. Forced to draw water often for tens of meters along the trunk, creepers are always characterized by vessels with simple perforations, which provide an efficient water supply system. The long and wide conducting vessels are so wide that their openings can be seen on the cut with the naked eye. In this regard, the trunk of the vine is not only outside, but also along internal structure resembles a rope, combining flexibility with high tensile strength.
Lianas are ancient plants, the maximum of their development falls on the Paleogene. Numerous climbing plants from ferns grew in the forests of the Carboniferous period. In antiquity, creepers are second only to trees and shrubs.
Evolution of life forms angiosperms went from trees through shrubs and semi-shrubs to perennial and further to annual grasses. This path can also be traced in vines: from woody vines to herbaceous ones. The transformation of woody forms into herbaceous ones began at the dawn of the evolution of flowering plants. In parallel, there was a transformation of erect trees into lianoidal growth forms. This process occurs independently and different time in the most distant groups of plants, in the most diverse climatic conditions and ecosystems. It can be observed most clearly in humid tropical and subtropical forests, which have a complex community structure and numerous ecological niches. Here, countless herbaceous flowering plants arose precisely as a result of their adaptation to the climbing liana lifestyle. Herbaceous vines currently represent the absolute majority among vines of all floristic regions. the globe. Among woody vines, shrub vines (climbing shrubs) received the greatest development. Root climbing vines with adventitious roots are closely related to creeping plants that form numerous adventitious roots on the stems.
Trees with a lianoid trunk, not capable of upright growth and using neighboring woody plants as a support, are distributed exclusively in humid tropical areas. Lianoid shrubs, semi-shrubs, semi-shrubs and herbs are found in all regions of the globe, except for the polar and alpine zones, deserts and steppes.
The flora of the USSR, represented by 160 families, 1676 genera and 21,000 species, includes 223 species of vines, which is slightly more than 1%. These vines naturally growing in our country belong to 41 families and 72 genera. The vast majority of vines are herbaceous. Shrub lianas are represented by 64 species, semi-shrub - 3 and semi-shrub - 2 species. It is about these vines, united by the name tree vines, that this book is written.
Lianas related to life form trees and shrubs are not found in our country. Tree vines are most fully represented in our Far East (30 species). This is due to the preservation in this floristic region of ancient, relict species of flora that escaped death during the ice age, and climate features favorable for lianas - humid, hot summers and dry winters with little snow. There are no woody vines in the Arctic; they are rare in Eastern and Western* Siberia (6 and 4 species, respectively). In the Caucasus, Central Asia and the European part of the country, there are 13, 8 and 8 species of vines, respectively. It should be noted that in the European part, in areas adjacent to the Volga, tree vines do not grow.