Non-traditional heating of a private house. Design and principle of operation

The quality of the heating system directly affects the comfort of a private house. The heating system must be given due attention, since it will take a long time to be indoors, especially in winter. Today, more and more consumers are choosing alternative heat sources for their homes.

Alternative heating sources are systems that work with heat generators on renewable energy sources. These are solar, geothermal and biological energy. Boilers, heat pumps and solar panels are used to store heat and generate electricity.

This is what a biofuel boiler looks like.

Alternative heating systems of each type have their own difficulties and features. Less problems occurs when using gas and electric boilers. The main plus is a constant supply of fuel. It is enough to connect the boiler once, set it up with your own hands, and not worry that the fuel will run out in the middle of the night. Of course, there is no insurance in case of interruptions, emergencies, but this rarely happens.

Heating the house with heat pumps by water-to-water type

These heating methods provide for the need to have a well for groundwater intake and for draining waste water back into the ground. A consumer for a small private house will have to drill 2-3 such wells for water intake and 1-2 for waste drain. Drilling depth must be 50 m. Permission is also required public services control.

Appearance of the water-to-water pump.

Heating with heat pumps by brine-water type

To implement the project, it is necessary to drill a well up to 200 m deep. It should contain pipes in a U-shape along with the solution. It is possible to arrange a heat exchanger, which will be located at a depth of at least 5 m. This is necessary to reduce the difference in heat received in different months of the year.

Heating scheme based on a brine-water pump.

The depth and number of wells is determined based on the ability to obtain the required 50 W of thermal energy. It comes from every running meter drilled well. As a result, alternative heating of a private house with the help of heat pumps according to the water-water or brine-water scheme is characterized minimal cost for heating compared with indicators characterizing other types of heating systems.

Heating the house with solar thermal storage collectors

Alternative heating using solar thermal storage panels will directly depend on the intensity of sunlight, which is different at different times of the year. At night and in cloudy weather, solar radiation is not enough for the collectors to work.

What is used for

Solar panels often used for heating water or for domestic and economic needs. Hot water takes part in heat exchange in monovalent storage tanks. Solar panels can act as an additional source of heat generation for water heating and heating systems in biovalent storage tanks.

Types of solar collectors

Solar collectors are divided into two types:

• flat;
• having a vacuum tube.

Heating with solar panels.

If the equipment is used in the summer, then the performance coefficient of both types will be the same. For winter it is recommended to use vacuum collectors. They can work at temperatures up to -35 degrees.

Flat collectors are able to heat the air up to +60 degrees. Vacuum collectors are designed for heating up to +90. In other parameters, the devices are similar.

Collectors with vacuum tubes are excellent as alternative heating country house. At the same time, appliances can heat water.

TEK

A hydrodynamic water heater is another good alternative to gas heating. She still does not have much fame, but the simplicity, profitability of using it for heating a house makes her noticeable. In addition to water, the installations allow heating oil, salty, dirty water.

Design

The installation consists of an expansion tank for heating water, a pump, electric pump. Heating occurs when the streams of water supplied to the tank collide with each other - thermal energy is released. When heating the premises, the water heating installation is connected to the heating system of a private house, additional installation a circulation pump is not required; a boiler is connected to heat the water.

Principle of operation.

Ventilation

The use of ventilation as a source of heating, at least, sounds interesting, because the purpose of ventilation is to remove air from the premises, which contains dust, there is a lack of oxygen and the presence of unpleasant odors. But part of the heat is also removed with the air. How can it be used? Also, you can install a heating element in the ventilation system (in its supply part) with your own hands to supply heated air to the house.

The highest efficiency of the system supply and exhaust ventilation, with forced circulation and heat recovery.

The systems use warm exhaust air to heat cold, supply air. Better economy, equipment utilization rates are achieved by adjusting the air flow according to its actual need.

From biomass, which includes organic waste, manure, plants, wastewater, biogas is obtained as a result of decomposition by bacteria. It is expedient to heat low-rise buildings with chips from wood pellets, logs, and pressed waste from the woodworking industry. Fuel is supplied to the boilers using various ways automated filing. As for log-fired boilers, fuel is loaded into them manually.

The alternative to gas heating also includes pallet fired boilers. They can be both manual and automatic fuel supply. This contributes to the fact that a person does not need to be constantly near the boiler. The automatic control system maintains the temperature at a certain parameter.

This is what biofuel looks like.

Heating the house with boilers that run on waste oils

Waste oils are not related to renewable energy sources, however, they take part in the formation of materials that must be disposed of.

Underfloor heating system

For heating a country house, the well-known heating scheme is perfect - "warm floor". During installation, no additional redevelopment is required. You can save significant amounts of money on heating. The system is placed under flooring. In the presence of necessary knowledge and skills installation of a warm floor can be done by hand.

Underfloor heating installation process.

Ceiling heaters

Another alternative heating of a country house is the installation of ceiling special film heaters. For example, foil, which is simply mounted on the ceiling. Under the action of an electric current, heat is evenly distributed throughout the room.

The modern term "alternative" is borrowed from the Latin language ( alternatus– other) for the need to select from several possibilities or to indicate each of these considered possibilities.

Energy sources for heating

The traditional way

Traditional methods of heating an apartment or a private house require the arrangement of a heating system, which includes:

• a heat source that converts the energy of fuel combustion or the energy of network electricity into thermal energy;
• a heat exchanger for transferring thermal energy from an energy carrier to a heat carrier, for the subsequent distribution of heat to heat consumption points;
• a closed pipeline circuit, through which the movement of the coolant is stimulated in a natural or forced way;
• heating devices that distribute heat from the coolant to the environment of the room.

The figure below shows the structure of a heating system with a boiler as a heat source and heat consumption points in the form of radiators and underfloor heating.

The structure of the traditional heating system of a private house

disadvantages

For most types of heating systems, heating boilers are sources of thermal energy. In them, gas, liquid or solid fuels are burned in order to use the heat of combustion of the fuel to heat the coolant (the so-called gas, liquid fuel and solid fuel boilers).

Another option for heating the coolant in the heat exchanger of the heating boiler is to use the energy of mains electricity ( electric boilers heating).

Each type of boiler and the corresponding energy carrier has certain negative features that affect the efficiency of its use:

1. Boilers on gas fuel widespread due to the availability of gas.

The negative factors accompanying the use of gas for heating are:

• organizational and technical complexity of connecting to the gas pipeline;
• the threat of ignition or explosion in case of violation of the rules for the operation of gas heating equipment or improper installation by one's own hands;
• rising prices for gas resources.

1. Electric boilers are the easiest to install and maintain with your own hands. The most significant disadvantages are:
   

• volatility of equipment - when the power supply is turned off, the flow of heat into the heating system stops;
• high electricity tariffs.

1. Liquid fuel boilers as sources of thermal energy are quite difficult to operate. From the negative, we note the following factors:
   

• high price liquid fuel, the complexity of its delivery and safe storage;
• noise at work
• unpleasant odors when burning fuel.

Home boiler room with oil boiler

1. Solid fuel boilers on coal, peat, wood or pellets impress with the cheapness of fuel resources and energy independence in operation, but they have their drawbacks:
   

• fuel loaded with your own hands into the boiler furnace quickly burns out;
• lack of automation of the fuel loading process;
• the need for constant visual monitoring of the operation of the boiler.

All of the above heating systems have two common drawbacks:

• they operate on non-renewable sources of thermal energy - the fuel is completely burned without the possibility of any recovery;
• the operation of equipment that burns natural resources or uses centrally supplied electricity is accompanied by a constant payment for the volume of energy spent and service providers for its provision.

The picture below shows the shipping liquefied gas for gas heating Houses.

LPG delivery to private house

Nuances that need attention:

1. Such a convenient and familiar heating of a private house by burning non-renewable organic resources leads to a catastrophic decrease in natural fuel reserves for money from our own pocket! Naturally, the prices for fossil fuels will constantly rise.
2. Fuel combustion is accompanied by emissions carbon dioxide and volatile toxic combustion products, with the precipitation of resins and soot.
3. Each consumer of organic fuel is forced to equip additional premises:
   

• for fuel storage;
• for its combustion with the release of combustion products into the atmosphere.

Alternative heating concept

When considering alternative home heating options, you need to decide on the concept itself.

Alternative heat sources for a private house include two fundamentally different types of equipment:

1. Devices that operate in addition to a self-installed electrical or gas boiler. For some reason, a boiler running on gas or electricity does not provide full heat for the heating system of the entire building.

The main heating power is provided by the boiler, and during the period of peak loads or off-season, alternative sources support its operation. In this case, alternative heating will be, for example, a do-it-yourself pellet boiler, or a waste-burning unit, and even infrared heaters.

1. Devices that completely replace the boiler on gas, electricity or other traditional energy source. Their heat output is sufficient to provide alternative heating for the home.

The most common alternatives for heating housing without burning gas and other fossil fuels are technologies that use the energy of natural resources - heat from the bowels of the earth, geysers, sunlight and climatic processes - wind, ocean tide.

House equipped with solar panels

Modern methods of heating

The practical implementation of projects on the use of the energy of natural resources and phenomena as an alternative source of heat for heating a home most widely affects:

1. energy of sunlight (solar thermal systems);
2. wind energy (wind energy);
3. energy of warm earth interiors (geothermal pumps).

Mark two options practical application natural energy for the needs of alternative heating of a private house:

• transformation of the energy of a natural phenomenon into electrical energy, which will then be used to autonomous heating, that is, heating the house from its own internal source of electricity;
• direct heating of the working coolant of the heating system.

Solar system

When arranging solar heating systems with their own hands, both options for solar radiation are used:

1. Converting sunlight energy into electrical energy using solar panels.

It is customary to call solar batteries a group of semiconductor photoelectronic converters combined in one common module to generate electricity. Several solar modules create a circuit to provide a private home a certain amount electricity.

The power of each solar module can range from 50 to 300 watts. The figure below shows the principle of using solar panels for alternative autonomous heating of a building.

Scheme of heating a house using solar panels

The principle of operation of the solar system:

• from the solar module, the converted luminous flux enters the battery pack;
• batteries generate direct current, which is sent to the inverter;
• in the inverter, the direct current is converted into alternating current, which is used to heat the heating elements in the heating system.
  

Solar panels can only generate electricity. They do not create thermal energy, do not transform and do not accumulate. They work equally effectively on a frosty day or at a positive ambient temperature, since the intensity of the incident solar flux is important to them.

1. Usage solar collectors for direct water heating.

In private housing construction, do-it-yourself installation of solar collectors for alternative heating is more popular than installation of solar panels. Collectors convert solar light fluxes directly into thermal energy, bypassing the formation of electricity.

Do-it-yourself collectors for heating have a wide variety designs which can be divided into two types:

• flat-plate collectors, consisting of absorbers - elements that absorb sunlight (in the simplest case - metal plates or black sheets) connected to a piping system;
• pipe collectors assembled from glass tubes, inside of which a steel absorber is inserted.

The figure below shows one of the do-it-yourself options for making a solar collector with copper tubes placed in the absorber for heating the coolant.

A coolant with a minimum crystallization threshold is pumped into the tubes. IN middle lane Russia is recommended to use a 60% aqueous solution of propylene glycol with a crystallization onset temperature of -39 0 C.

solar collector from copper tubes

Both types of collector systems are mounted on the sloping part of the roof of the house. The figure below shows the principle of heating a building using a collector.

The coolant heated in the solar collector (red line) enters the buffer tank, which acts as a heat accumulator and automated system maintaining the temperature in the heating and hot water circuits.

If there is a lack of incoming heat on cloudy days, the water in the buffer tank is heated by another available heat source, for example, water from a gas boiler, which is the main heat source of the heating system.

Thanks to automation, the temperature in the heating system is constantly monitored. At night, the lack of solar heat is compensated by connecting a heating element to maintain a comfortable temperature level.

The principle of operation of the heating system from the solar collector

home wind power

Usage kinetic energy air currents for the needs of heating a private house is carried out in two directions:

1. Converting the kinetic energy of the wind into electrical energy by rotating the rotor of special wind generators.

The resulting electricity is stored in batteries and, as needed, through inverters (similar to solar heating technology) is used to heat water in the heating system. In calm weather, heating devices are connected to the general electrical network.

1. Converting the energy of the rotating rotor of a windmill into thermal energy for direct heating of the coolant using vortex heat generators VTG.

The dominant method in private housing construction is the manufacture and installation of devices consisting of a windmill, a generator and a battery to generate their own electricity. The design captivates with its simplicity and the possibility of self-assembly.

Wind generators differ from each other according to the following indicators:

• the location of the axis of rotation - vertical or horizontal;
• number of propeller blades;
• screw pitch.

The figure below shows a house equipped with wind turbines with a horizontal axis of rotation.

Wind turbines for power supply of a private house

Geothermal (heat) pumps

Devices that can use the geothermal energy of the earth's interior allow owners of private houses to significantly save on gas or other types of fuel when heating their homes. Thermal energy is extracted directly from the depths of the earth or from the bottom of a reservoir using a device called a heat pump.

Operating principle heat pump similar to work refrigeration unit using freon:

• when liquid freon passes through pipes at a considerable depth in a reservoir or in a drilled well, in which a positive temperature is maintained even in winter, freon begins to evaporate, turning into a gaseous state;
• the gaseous phase of freon rises up and enters the compressor, which compresses it strongly;
• when gas is compressed in a limited volume, it is heated up to 80 degrees C;
• freon is cooled in the heat exchanger;
• in the throttle chamber, due to a decrease in temperature and pressure, freon again turns into a liquid;
• the cycle is repeated.

Heat pumps are energy-dependent units, however, the energy consumption for the operation of the device is disproportionately lower than would be required for direct electric heating coolant.

The temperature of the coolant in the heating system with geothermal devices does not exceed 50 degrees, which is not enough for radiator heating, but for "warm floors" - quite enough.

Heat pumps structurally differ in the technology of heating freon until it passes into a gaseous state. Depending on the source of "low-level heat" emit:

• water installations for obtaining heat from surface reservoirs or underground groundwater;
• earthen, "taking away" heat from the ground;
• air.

When classifying geothermal devices, the type of coolant in the heating system is also taken into account - water or air. Accordingly, the devices receive the designations "soil - water", "soil - air", "water - water", etc.

Video about heating

How to organize economical heating at home with your own hands, is described in the video below.

The logic of switching to alternative heating is not only about saving Money to buy gas or pay electricity bills.

Of course, non-renewable energy prices are skyrocketing. But how can one not recall the words of D. Mendeleev, who said: “Burning oil is the same as heating the stove with banknotes”?

It is unreasonable to burn tons of coal or tens of cubic meters of wood for the sake of heating a modest room and at the same time cause irreparable damage to the purity of the surrounding ecology.

In many countries, alternative types of heating and energy supply for an individual residential building are superior in demand traditional ways heating. The heating equipment market is filled with innovative alternative heating devices, the range of which is constantly expanding.

Air-to-water heat pump

In contact with

Traditional heat sources are either not always available or are undesirable for environmental, economic or other reasons. In this case, it is worth considering other options. Alternative home heating is an autonomous home heating system using the latest technology.

TO modern ways heating includes obtaining heat from geothermal sources, by converting solar and wind energy, and burning biomass. Also alternatives include infrared heating, when they can be applied ordinary species fuel, but it uses an innovative system for the distribution of heat throughout the room. Consider the most common options independent heating Houses.

solar systems

Conversion Devices solar energy into heat and electricity are called solar systems. The coolant is heated by the operation of the circulation pump, which supplies heat to batteries or convectors.

Types of solar devices:

1. Solar collector. Such alternative heating systems usually operate in conjunction with electric heater. The temperature of the heat carrier is monitored by sensors. In sunny weather temperature regime becomes unacceptable, and in this case, electric heating elements are connected to ensure proper heating.
2. Solar battery. This equipment not only has a temperature sensor and an inverter to generate voltage, but also a high-capacity battery. During the day, the battery stores energy, which is then used at night or on cloudy days. If the area of ​​solar panels and batteries corresponds to the size of the building, they can be used to create a completely autonomous system. However, solar systems have a significant drawback - the high cost, both when buying equipment and when replacing batteries.
3. Solar battery equipped with inverter and controller. The system is connected to an electrical outlet. You also need to purchase a disk mechanical meter, since the electronic one will not be able to fix the reverse direction of electricity. If during the day the system generates more electricity than necessary, the meter turns off kilowatts, which allows you to have significant savings.

IN last years The use of wind energy has become economically justified due to the widespread use of windmills and the reduction in the cost of their production technology. When wind hits the turbine blades, they begin to spin, resulting in electricity being generated. The maximum efficiency of wind turbines cannot exceed 59%. Knowing the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe building and the efficiency of a particular windmill, you can calculate the power of the equipment planned for purchase.

Features of wind turbines

Windmill models may differ in the following parameters:

• number of blades;
• location of the rotational axis;
• the materials from which the parts are made;
• screw pitch.

There are windmills with horizontal and vertical axes of rotation. Equipment equipped with a horizontal axis may have one or a set of blades. Such equipment has the most high efficiency. Another type of windmills has vertical axles, which, in turn, can be carousel or orthogonal.

In devices with orthogonal axes, the blades are opposite each other and are supported on radial beams. Due to the aerodynamic design, this type of windmill is technically difficult.

Equipment with carousel axes are equipped with two blades that have a sinusoidal shape. Such windmills have a low efficiency (up to 15%), however, if the blades are arranged vertically, in several tiers and with an angular displacement of the blade pairs from each other, the efficiency will improve by a factor of two.

Advantages and disadvantages of windmills

Advantages of wind power plants:

• autonomy from utilities and fuel suppliers;
• free electricity (you only need to recoup the installation costs);
• environmental friendliness.

The main disadvantage of windmills is the unstable supply of electricity, depending on weather conditions. In connection with this system, it is necessary to install additional devices - stabilizers, batteries, etc. Horizontal systems have good efficiency, but for stable operation they need a special wind flow controller, as well as protection from hurricanes. Vertical devices have a low efficiency, but are almost silent, and also small in size and stable.

Equipment of this type provides a private house with heating and hot water. Devices function by taking energy from the air, water or earth. Heat pumps are connected to electrical network. At the same time, they work more efficiently than solid fuel, oil, electric or gas boilers. Each kilowatt of electricity used generates 4 kilowatts of thermal energy.

The cost of thermal boilers is high, more than traditional boilers, but thanks to free natural energy, such equipment pays off in 2-3 years. The performance of the equipment is proportional to the temperature of the alternative energy source: the higher its value, the higher the efficiency.

Principles of operation of heat pumps:

1. The coolant moves through pipes that go to the heat source. There, the coolant is heated by several degrees, after which it moves through the heat pump and heat exchanger to the internal circuit.
2. The internal circuit contains a refrigerant with a low boiling point. This substance is sent through the evaporator, where it is converted into a gaseous state at low pressure and temperature.
3. The gaseous refrigerant entering the compressor is compressed, and its temperature increases.
4. The heated gas enters the condenser. There is a thermal exchange of gas and coolant. As a result, the refrigerant gives off heat, cools, and is again converted into liquid state, after which hot liquid enters the heating system.
5. After the refrigerant enters the pressure reducing valve, the pressure decreases. The refrigerant then moves to the evaporator and the cycle repeats.

Varieties of heat pumps

Heat pumps differ in the type of alternative heating source:

1. Ground water. Such devices are optimal for almost any climate. Heat exchangers are lowered into wells, where the soil gives off heat to the system.
2. Water-water. This method of obtaining energy will be effective if there is groundwater nearby at a shallow depth.
3. Air-water. In this case, energy is obtained from the air. Disadvantage: at low air temperatures, the equipment is ineffective.
4. Air-to-air. This is the cheapest installation option. The latest models are equipped with inverters that will heat the room even at an outside temperature of -25 degrees.

biofuel boiler

Biofuel equipment runs on briquettes, pellets, wood chips, as well as pellets (wood, peat, straw). If you use briquettes, you can automate the filling of the boiler with fuel.

The disadvantage of biofuel boilers is their high cost. The purchase of briquettes will also be expensive.

infrared heating

This type of heating systems has become very popular in recent years. Although traditional energy sources are used as fuel, the principle of space heating can be attributed to alternative ones. The IR heater has a deflector that creates a beam of thermal IR rays that hardly interact with the surrounding air. The heating efficiency depends on the temperature of the heating device and the quality of the deflector.

The infrared film used in the installation of "warm floors" is also common. It is placed under the floor covering in such a way that its installation does not require complex repairs.

Alternative heating of a private house can also be carried out using " warm skirting boards". Devices are installed under skirting boards along the walls. Heated walls give off heat inside the room, and do not allow it to go outside. Such heating is characterized by uniformity.

The choice of a specific alternative heating method depends on many factors: weather, fuel cost, economic feasibility, etc. Such devices can be installed with your own hands or contact a specialist. However, it should be remembered that only correct installation- warranty reliable operation equipment for many years.

In the desire to cause as little damage to the environment as possible and reduce the consumption of non-renewable energy resources, many homeowners are considering alternative heating as a source for heating their home in the winter. At the moment, homeowners have access to a variety of alternative heating sources that use solar energy, fuel pellets, wood briquettes, geothermal pumps, etc. in the process of generating heat.

Such systems are not only safe for the environment, but also provide a number of advantages to home owners - they do not involve the use of products from the gas, oil or energy industries and reduce monthly heating costs. To find out which home heating alternative is the most acceptable and profitable, you should familiarize yourself with the specifics of each heating system available on the market today.

Currently, alternative types of heating are represented by a variety of devices, among which there is a geothermal pump that allows you to efficiently generate heat in houses located in temperate climate zone. According to the principle of operation, the geothermal system is similar to standard scheme home heating - for its operation it is necessary for the circulation of the coolant, however, the key element of such a system is not a boiler, but a geothermal pump. Like a traditional gas boiler, this appliance is compact in size and does not take up much space in the house.

The efficiency of the pump is impressive - with one kilowatt of electricity consumed, it generates five kilowatts of heat.

The principle of operation of the geothermal system is that the heat exchanger is placed in the thickness of the earth or in the thickness of thermal waters, and the coolant circulating in it takes on the ambient temperature. Next, the heated coolant enters the heat pump and then is fed into the circuit, giving off heat to the room.

This alternative heating method is silent, safe and very efficient. In this case, the heat source for the system geothermal heating serves as a never-ending resource that is available at any given time. Among the shortcomings this method there are such nuances as the complexity of installation, the high cost of equipment, the laboriousness of land work, so making geothermal alternative heating sources with your own hands will be quite problematic and you will have to resort to the help of geodesy specialists.

Use of solar energy

solar systems heating alternatives can be active or passive. Passive solar heating relies on the use of special elements in the building structure to collect and store energy. Projects for the construction of such houses provide for the placement large windows on the south side of the facade, as well as the presence of surfaces inside the house to absorb and store solar energy. Such absorbing surfaces can be concrete walls and floors and other heat-saving materials in the construction of the house. They collect heat and store it for later use.

Active heating systems of a private house are alternative, they provide for the presence of complex and expensive equipment - solar collectors, heat exchangers, tanks and elements for controlling energy collection, a parabolic solar steam boiler, etc. Active systems are in operation solar heating rely on the use of electricity to power certain elements.

Both heating systems are quite efficient and use 100% renewable solar energy as the heat source.

They can be used for heating and hot water supply of houses. Benefits of this type heating, it is worth noting the absence of harmful emissions, environmental friendliness, stability of work, reduction of monthly heating costs. Disadvantages are also present and lie in the high cost of equipment and the complexity of its installation in the house.

Boilers using renewable energy sources

In contrast to the systems listed above, which are distinguished by a complex structure and high price, heating a private house with a wood-burning boiler can become affordable and effective option home heating for a wide range of rational and economical owners. At the moment, wood heating of a country house is a good alternative to traditional gas boilers, the use of which implies the inevitable receipt of solid gas bills every month. And you can find out how to organize heating at home without gas.

At the same time, the owners of the house who have chosen this heating option can buy firewood for heating at affordable price or prepare them yourself and achieve even more impressive savings. You can buy wood-fired boilers for home heating, prices for which depend on the chosen model, in a store or on the manufacturer's website. When choosing a boiler, you should pay attention to its specification.

The following indicators are of decisive importance:

It is worth noting that firewood is not the only type of fuel that boilers can run on. In particular, alternative heating boilers can use sawdust, peat briquettes, pellets, fuel pellets as a combustible fuel. Such materials are much cheaper than gas and liquid fuels, such as fuel oil. In addition, they can be produced in any country and do not require the establishment of supplies from other countries.

Renewable wood-fired boilers can be used as primary or supplementary heat sources in the home, and the owner can choose the model that best complements the existing system heating and make it more rational and economical.

prospects

Competition among companies involved in the production and sale of alternative heating systems motivates manufacturers to establish more and more affordable prices to attract customers. The authorities of states that do not have their own sources of oil and gas and depend on export supplies of fuel are also interested in using alternative heating. Therefore, it is likely that in the coming years, the installation of alternative heating systems in the house will become commonplace, and homeowners will be able to take advantage of the operation of an environmentally friendly system that is qualitatively different from traditional heat sources.

Due to the constant increase in the cost of gas and electricity, many users began to pay attention to environmentally friendly and economical maintenance of building heating systems.

The most popular of them are geothermal systems, windmills, biofuels and solar systems. Alternative ways heating a house, although they have an initially high cost, quickly pay for themselves.

What are Alternative Heat Sources?

The main task of the systems is obtaining energy from renewable sources. Most alternative devices can be used to generate heat in any area, which indicates ease of use and minimum requirements.

Features of solar systems for a private house

solar collector can be used for heating apartment buildings and private houses. Solar systems are also often used for heating water for personal needs of consumers. Solar systems can work in various modes and, depending on the selected equipment, provide energy generation during the whole year or certain seasons.

Panels and manifolds due to special absorption coatings heat the coolant inside installations. The liquid is supplied to a special reservoir, from which it enters the heating system of the house or into the hot water circuits.

Solar panels pass the coolant between the plates, and the tubular system raises the temperature of the liquid due to the vacuum between the outer and inner flasks. Under the influence ultraviolet rays the absorption layer begins to interact with the liquid and can heat it up up to 90 degrees.

Solar collectors are sources of heating of the coolant supplied directly to the heating circuits. To use solar energy need expansion tank and pump, which will pump out water from the installations when the set temperature is reached.

pros heliosystem:

• Tubular collectors easy to install.
• Solar panels are different low cost and high performance during the warm season.
• The equipment is suitable for use in various climatic zones.

Attention! The main disadvantage of solar collectors and batteries is their high cost and fragility.

Wiring diagram for wind generators

Installations represent a device with blades, during the rotation of which produced electricity . Windmills can be different sizes and forms, depending on their purpose and terrain features.

At work wind generators the accumulators are charged, which subsequently supply energy through the converter for heating buildings. Installations have two types of axes of rotation - horizontal and vertical.

Photo 1. Scheme of connecting a wind generator to the mains through the controller to household appliances.

Equipment from horizontal mount blades are designed to work in the area where the average annual wind speed more than 5 m/s.

Windmills with vertical axis rotations, due to their compact dimensions, are optimally suited for use in private homes. The required average annual speed of wind flows in this case should be above three meters per second.

Among the advantages of generators can be noted environmental friendliness, ergonomics and renewable energy source. The disadvantages of windmills include them instability, low efficiency, high cost.

Geothermal type of heating - reliability and durability?

Heat pumps represent two circuits with heat carriers connecting special equipment. One of the circuits is below ground level, and the other is located in the building that it heats. Geothermal heating system uses heat extracted from the bowels of the earth. In places where equipment is laid, the average annual ambient temperature is 8-10 degrees.

The liquid that is in the external circuits is heated from the ground or water and fed into the pump, after which the device cools the substance to negative temperatures, and the released heat is redirected to internal heating system. Geothermal equipment will be an excellent option for space heating using low-temperature appliances.

Photo 2. Laying of heating mains, which are located horizontally, below the ground freezing level.

Thermal systems installed in three ways:

• Horizontal.
• Vertical.
• Underwater.

To the pluses geothermal heating can be attributed inexhaustibility natural resource, no emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere, high system efficiency. cons equipment is a low coolant temperature in the internal circuits ( within 35-60 degrees), high cost of installations.

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When biofuels come to the rescue

Biofuel is substance derived from animal or vegetable matter, organic waste industry, the results of human activity. Biofuels come in many forms, but the most common options are pellets or briquettes.

For home heating with biofuels need to install a boiler, which will be compatible with alternative source energy.

When burned, the substance releases heat, which heats the liquid in the heating system and ensures that the desired temperature is maintained.

The main advantage this type of alternative energy is its mobility. In the process of using biofuels for heating buildings, no harmful substances in atmosphere. The main disadvantage raw material is use of large areas for sowing crops from which this fuel can be produced.

Is it possible to install alternative heating with your own hands

Most systems difficult to install independently, as the installation process requires special tools and skills.

Wind turbine connection diagrams are selected individually depending on the task at hand. Wind turbines are connected to the controller, which charges the batteries and transfers electricity to the inverter. This design can be perfectly used to provide a private house with electricity.

Heat pumps most often installed vertical way. To install the equipment you will need drilling wells to a depth of more than 50 meters. The size of the circuits depends on the power of the heat pump. Sometimes the total length of wells reaches two hundred meters. External circuits are connected to a pump, which takes heat from them and transfers it to the house heating system. Low-temperature equipment receives a heated coolant and heats the building.

Biofuel boilers mounted on a pre-prepared screed, the thickness of which is at least 7 cm. For the most effective work heating system is connected buffer capacity, representing a water tank.

The volume of the device is calculated depending on the power of the boiler. If heating equipment is volatile, then you should ensure the supply of electricity to it.

The chimney that is installed on the biofuel boiler must be equipped with condensate collector and have a diameter at least 18 centimeters. The height of the chimney is usually more than four meters. To protect the heating system from back pressure and siphon drainage is mounted in it check valve, which is located on the pipe of the general water supply. Fluid regulation and temperature control is carried out using balancing and mixing valves.