Heating the house with the help of air flow. Do-it-yourself air heating of a private house

Comfortable living conditions in winter are entirely dependent on the adequacy of the heat supply to residential premises. If this is a new building, for example, in a summer cottage or a personal plot, then you need to know how to calculate heating radiators for a private house.

All operations come down to calculating the number of radiator sections and are subject to a clear algorithm, so there is no need to be a qualified specialist - each person will be able to do a fairly accurate thermotechnical calculation of his home.

Why Accurate Calculation is Necessary

The heat transfer of heat supply devices depends on the material of manufacture and the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe individual sections. Not only the heat in the house depends on the correct calculations, but also the balance and efficiency of the system as a whole: an insufficient number of installed radiator sections will not provide proper heat in the room, and an excessive number of sections will hit your pocket.

For calculations, it is necessary to determine the type of batteries and heating system. For example, the calculation of aluminum heat supply radiators for a private house differs from other elements of the system. Radiators are cast iron, steel, aluminum, anodized aluminum and bimetallic:

• The most famous are cast-iron batteries, the so-called "accordions". They are durable, resistant to corrosion, have a section power of 160 W at a height of 50 cm and a water temperature of 70 degrees. A significant drawback of these devices is their unsightly appearance, but modern manufacturers produce smooth and fairly aesthetic cast-iron batteries, retaining all the advantages of the material and making them competitive.

• Aluminum radiators are superior to cast iron products in terms of thermal power, they are durable, have a light dead weight, which gives an advantage during installation. The only drawback is susceptibility to oxygen corrosion. To eliminate it, the production of anodized aluminum radiators was adopted.

• Steel appliances do not have sufficient thermal power, are not subject to disassembly and increase in sections if necessary, are subject to corrosion, and therefore are not popular.

• Bimetal heating radiators are a combination of steel and aluminum parts. Heat carriers and fasteners in them are steel pipes and threaded connections covered with an aluminum casing. The disadvantage is the rather high cost.

According to the type of heat supply system, one-pipe and two-pipe connection of heating elements are distinguished. In multi-storey residential buildings, a single-pipe scheme of the heat supply system is mainly used. The disadvantage here is a rather significant difference in the temperature of the incoming and outgoing water at different ends of the system, which indicates the uneven distribution of thermal energy among the battery devices.

For uniform distribution of thermal energy in private houses, a two-pipe heat supply system can be used, when hot water is supplied through one pipe, and chilled water is discharged through another.

In addition, the exact calculation of the number of heating batteries in a private house depends on the connection scheme of the devices, the height of the ceiling, the area of ​​​​window openings, the number of external walls, the type of room, the closure of the devices with decorative panels and other factors.

Remember! It is necessary to correctly calculate the required number of heating radiators in a private house in order to guarantee a sufficient amount of heat in the room and ensure financial savings.

Types of heating calculations for a private house

The type of calculation of heating radiators for a private house depends on the goal, that is, how accurately you want to calculate the heating batteries for a private house. There are simplified and exact methods, as well as the area and volume of the calculated space.

According to the simplified or preliminary method, the calculations are reduced to multiplying the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room by 100 W: the standard value of sufficient thermal energy per square meter, while the calculation formula takes the following form:

Q = S*100, where

Q is the required heat power;

S is the estimated area of ​​the room;

The calculation of the required number of sections of collapsible radiators is carried out according to the formula:

N = Q/Qx, where

N is the required number of sections;

Qx is the specific power of the section according to the product passport.

Since these formulas are for a room height of 2.7 m, correction factors must be entered for other values. Calculations are reduced to determining the amount of heat per 1 m3 of room volume. The simplified formula looks like this:

Q = S*h*Qy, where

H is the height of the room from floor to ceiling;

Qy - the average heat output, depending on the type of fence, for brick walls is 34 W / m3, for panel walls - 41 W / m3.

These formulas cannot guarantee comfortable conditions. Therefore, precise calculations are required, taking into account all the accompanying features of the building.

Accurate calculation of heating devices

The most accurate formula for the required heat output is as follows:

Q = S*100*(K1*К2*…*Kn-1*Kn), where

K1, K2 … Kn are coefficients depending on various conditions.

What conditions affect the indoor climate? For an accurate calculation, up to 10 indicators are taken into account.

K1 - an indicator that depends on the number of external walls, the more the surface is in contact with the external environment, the greater the loss of thermal energy:

• with one outer wall, the indicator is equal to one;
• if two outer walls - 1.2;
• if three external walls - 1.3;
• if all four walls are external (i.e. a one-room building) - 1.4.

K2 - takes into account the orientation of the building: it is believed that the rooms warm up well if they are located in the south and west direction, here K2 \u003d 1.0, and vice versa is not enough - when the windows face north or east - K2 \u003d 1.1. One can argue with this: in the eastern direction, the room still warms up in the morning, so it is more expedient to apply a coefficient of 1.05.

K3 - an indicator of the insulation of external walls, depends on the material and the degree of thermal insulation:

• for external walls in two bricks, as well as when using a heater for non-insulated walls, the indicator is equal to one;
• for non-insulated walls - K3 = 1.27;
• when insulating a dwelling on the basis of heat engineering calculations according to SNiP - K3 = 0.85.

K4 is a coefficient that takes into account the lowest temperatures of the cold period of the year for a particular region:

• up to 35 °C K4 = 1.5;
• from 25 °С to 35 °С K4 = 1.3;
• up to 20 °C K4 = 1.1;
• up to 15 °C K4 = 0.9;
• up to 10 °C K4 = 0.7.

K5 - depends on the height of the room from floor to ceiling. As a standard height, h = 2.7 m was taken with an indicator equal to one. If the height of the room differs from the standard, a correction factor is entered:

• 2.8-3.0 m - K5 = 1.05;
• 3.1-3.5 m - K5 = 1.1;
• 3.6-4.0 m - K5 = 1.15;
• more than 4 m - K5 = 1.2.

K6 - an indicator that takes into account the nature of the room located above. The floors of residential buildings are always insulated, the rooms above can be heated or cold, and this will inevitably affect the microclimate of the calculated space:

• for a cold attic, and also if the room is not heated from above, the indicator will be equal to one;
• with an insulated attic or roof - K6 = 0.9;
• if a heated room is located on top - K6 \u003d 0.8.

K7 - an indicator that takes into account the type of window blocks. The design of the window significantly affects heat loss. In this case, the value of the coefficient K7 is determined as follows:

• since wooden windows with double glazing do not sufficiently protect the room, the highest indicator is K7 = 1.27;
• double-glazed windows have excellent properties of protection against heat loss, with a single-chamber double-glazed window of two glasses, K7 is equal to one;
• improved single-chamber double-glazed window with argon filling or double-glazed window consisting of three glasses K7 = 0.85.

K8 - coefficient depending on the area of ​​​​glazing window openings. Heat loss depends on the number and area of ​​installed windows. The ratio of the area of ​​windows to the area of ​​the room should be adjusted in such a way that the coefficient has the lowest values. Depending on the ratio of the area of ​​​​the windows to the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room, the required indicator is determined:

• less than 0.1 - K8 = 0.8;
• from 0.11 to 0.2 - K8 = 0.9;
• from 0.21 to 0.3 - K8 = 1.0;
• from 0.31 to 0.4 - K8 = 1.1;
• from 0.41 to 0.5 - K8 = 1.2.

K9 - takes into account the connection diagram of devices. Depending on the method of connecting hot and cold water outlet, heat transfer depends. This factor must be taken into account when installing and determining the required area of ​​​​heat supply devices. Considering the connection diagram:

• with a diagonal arrangement of pipes, hot water is supplied from above, the return is from below on the other side of the battery, and the indicator is equal to one;
• when connecting the supply and return on one side and from above and from below one section K9 = 1.03;
• the junction of pipes on both sides implies both supply and return from below, while the coefficient K9 \u003d 1.13;
• diagonal connection option, when the supply is from below, the return is from above K9 = 1.25;
• option of one-sided connection with supply from below, return from above and one-sided lower connection K9 = 1.28.

K10 - coefficient depending on the degree of closeness of the devices with decorating panels. The openness of devices for free exchange of heat with the space of the room is of no small importance, since the creation of artificial barriers reduces the heat transfer of the batteries.

Existing or artificially created barriers can significantly reduce battery performance due to a deterioration in heat exchange with the room. Depending on these conditions, the coefficient is equal to:

• with the radiator open on the wall from all sides 0.9;
• if the device is covered on top of the unit;
• when the radiators are covered on top of the wall niche 1.07;
• if the device is covered with a window sill and a decorative element 1.12;
• when the radiators are completely covered with a decorative casing 1.2.

In addition, there are special rules for the location of heating devices that must be observed. That is, the battery should be located at least on:

• 10 cm from the bottom of the window sill;
• 12 cm from the floor;
• 2 cm from the surface of the outer wall.

Substituting all the necessary indicators, you can get a fairly accurate value of the required heat output of the room. By dividing the results obtained by the nameplate data for the heat transfer of one section of the selected device and, rounding up to an integer, we obtain the number of required sections. Now you can, without fear of consequences, select and install the necessary equipment with the desired heat output.

Ways to simplify calculations

Despite the apparent simplicity of the formula, in fact, the practical calculation is not so simple, especially if the number of calculated rooms is large. To simplify the calculations will help the use of special calculators posted on the websites of some manufacturers. It is enough to enter all the necessary data in the appropriate fields, after which you can get an accurate result. You can also use the tabular method, since the calculation algorithm is quite simple and monotonous.

To increase the efficiency of the heating system, you need to correctly calculate the area and purchase high-quality heating elements.

Area Formula

The formula for calculating the power of a steel heating device, taking into account the area:

P \u003d V x 40 + heat loss due to windows + heat loss due to an external door

• Р – power;
• V is the volume of the room;
• 40 W - thermal power for heating 1m 3;
• heat loss due to windows - calculated from the value of 100 W (0.1 kW) per 1 window;
• heat loss due to the outer door - calculated from the value of 150-200 W.

Example:

Room 3x5 meters, 2.7 meters high, with one window and one door.

P \u003d (3 x 5 x 2.7) x40 +100 +150 \u003d 1870 W

So you can find out what the heat transfer of the heating device will be to ensure sufficient heating of a given area.

If the room is located in the corner or end of the building, an additional 20% margin must be added to the battery power calculations. The same amount should be added in case of frequent drops in the temperature of the coolant.

Steel heating radiators on average give out 0.1-0.14 kW / section of heat.

T 11 (1 rib)

Tank depth: 63 mm. P = 1.1 kW

T 22 (2 sections)

Depth: 100 mm. P = 1.9 kW

T 33 (3 ribs)

Depth: 155 mm. P = 2.7 kW

Power P is given for batteries 500 mm high, 1 m long at dT = 60 degrees (90/70/20) - a typical design of radiators, suitable for models from different manufacturers.

Table: heat transfer of heating radiators

Calculation for 1 (type 11), 2 (type 22), 3 (type 33) ribs

The heat output of the heating device must be at least 10% of the area of ​​the room if the ceiling height is less than 3 m. If the ceiling is higher, then another 30% is added.

Read also: Production of a heating battery from a profile pipe

In the room, batteries are installed under the windows near the outer wall, as a result of which the heat is distributed in the most optimal way. The cold air from the windows is blocked by the upward heat flow from the radiators, thereby eliminating the formation of drafts.

If the dwelling is located in an area with severe frosts and cold winters, you need to multiply the resulting figures by 1.2 - the heat loss coefficient.

Another calculation example

A room with an area of ​​​​15 m 2 and a ceiling height of 3 m is taken as an example. The volume of the room is calculated: 15 x 3 \u003d 45 m 3. It is known that 41 W / 1 m 3 is needed to heat a room in an area with an average climate.

45 x 41 \u003d 1845 watts.

The principle is the same as in the previous example, but heat transfer losses due to windows and doors are not taken into account, which creates a certain percentage of error. For a correct calculation, you need to know how much heat each section produces. Ribs can be in different numbers for steel panel batteries: from 1 to 3. How many ribs the battery has, the heat transfer will increase by that much.

The more heat transfer from the heating system, the better.

The correct calculation of sections of heating radiators is a rather important task for every homeowner. If an insufficient number of sections is used, the room will not warm up during the winter cold, and the purchase and operation of too large radiators will entail unreasonably high heating costs.

For standard rooms, you can use the simplest calculations, but sometimes it becomes necessary to take into account various nuances in order to get the most accurate result.

To perform calculations, you need to know certain parameters

• Dimensions of the room to be heated;
• Type of battery, material of its manufacture;
• The power of each section or whole battery, depending on its type;
• The maximum allowable number of sections ;

According to the material of manufacture, radiators are divided as follows:

• Steel. These radiators have thin walls and a very elegant design, but they are not popular due to numerous shortcomings. These include low heat capacity, rapid heating and cooling. During hydraulic shocks, leaks often occur at the joints, and cheap models quickly rust and do not last long. Usually they are solid, not divided into sections, the power of steel batteries is indicated in the passport.
• Cast iron radiators are familiar to every person since childhood, this is a traditional material from which durable batteries with excellent technical characteristics are made. Each section of a Soviet-era cast-iron accordion produced a heat output of 160 watts. This is a prefabricated structure, the number of sections in it is not limited by anything. Available in both modern and vintage designs. Cast iron perfectly retains heat, is not subject to corrosion, abrasive wear, and is compatible with any heat carriers.
• Aluminum batteries are light, modern, have a high heat dissipation, due to their advantages, they are becoming increasingly popular with buyers. The heat transfer of one section reaches 200 W, they are also produced in one-piece structures. Of the minuses, oxygen corrosion can be noted, but this problem is solved with the help of anodic oxidation of the metal.
• Bimetal radiators consist of internal collectors and an external heat exchanger. The inside is made of steel and the outside is made of aluminium. High heat transfer rates, up to 200 W, are combined with excellent wear resistance. The relative minus of these batteries is the high price compared to other types.

Radiator materials differ in their characteristics, which affects the calculations

How to calculate the number of sections of heating radiators for a room

There are several ways to make calculations, each of which uses certain parameters.

By room area

A preliminary calculation can be made, focusing on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room for which radiators are purchased. This is a very simple calculation and is suitable for rooms with low ceilings (2.40-2.60m). According to building codes, heating will require 100 watts of heat output per square meter of space.

We calculate the amount of heat that will be needed for the entire room. To do this, we multiply the area by 100 W, i.e. for a room of 20 square meters. m, the estimated thermal power will be 2,000 W (20 sq. M * 100 W) or 2 kW.

The correct calculation of heating radiators is necessary to guarantee sufficient heat in the house.

This result must be divided by the heat output of one section, specified by the manufacturer. For example, if it is equal to 170 W, then in our case the required number of radiator sections will be: 2,000 W / 170 W = 11.76, i.e. 12, since the result should be rounded up to a whole number. Rounding is usually done up, but for rooms where heat loss is below average, such as a kitchen, it can be rounded down.

Be sure to take into account possible heat losses depending on the specific situation. Of course, a room with a balcony or located in the corner of a building loses heat faster. In this case, you should increase the value of the calculated heat output for the room by 20%. It is worth increasing the calculations by about 15-20% if you plan to hide the radiators behind the screen or mount them in a niche.

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By volume

More accurate data can be obtained if the sections of heating radiators are calculated taking into account the height of the ceiling, i.e., by the volume of the room. The principle here is about the same as in the previous case. First, the total heat demand is calculated, then the number of radiator sections is calculated.

If the radiator is hidden by a screen, it is necessary to increase the need for thermal energy in the room by 15-20%.

According to the recommendations of SNIP, 41 W of thermal power is required to heat each cubic meter of a dwelling in a panel house. Multiplying the area of ​​​​the room by the height of the ceiling, we get the total volume, which we multiply by this standard value. For apartments with modern double-glazed windows and external insulation, less heat will be needed, only 34 W per cubic meter.

For example, let's calculate the required amount of heat for a room of 20 square meters. m with a ceiling height of 3 meters. The volume of the room will be 60 cubic meters. m (20 sq. m * 3 m). The calculated thermal power in this case will be equal to 2,460 W (60 cubic meters * 41 W).

And how to calculate the number of heating radiators? To do this, you need to divide the data obtained by the heat transfer of one section specified by the manufacturer. If we take, as in the previous example, 170 W, then the room will need: 2,460 W / 170 W = 14.47, i.e. 15 radiator sections.

Manufacturers tend to indicate overestimated heat transfer rates of their products, assuming that the temperature of the coolant in the system will be maximum. In real conditions, this requirement is rarely met, so you should focus on the minimum heat transfer rates of one section, which are reflected in the product passport. This will make the calculations more realistic and accurate.

If the room is not standard

Unfortunately, not every apartment can be considered standard. This is even more true for private residences. How to make calculations taking into account the individual conditions of their operation? To do this, you need to take into account many different factors.

When calculating the number of heating sections, it is necessary to take into account the height of the ceiling, the number and size of windows, the presence of wall insulation, etc.

The peculiarity of this method is that when calculating the required amount of heat, a number of coefficients are used that take into account the characteristics of a particular room that can affect its ability to store or release heat energy.

The calculation formula looks like this:

CT=100 W/sq. m* P*K1*K2*K3*K4*K5*K6*K7, where

KT - the amount of heat required for a particular room;
P is the area of ​​the room, sq. m;
K1 - coefficient taking into account the glazing of window openings:

• for windows with ordinary double glazing - 1.27;
• for windows with double glazing - 1.0;
• for windows with triple glazing - 0.85.

K2 - coefficient of thermal insulation of walls:

• low degree of thermal insulation - 1.27;
• good thermal insulation (laying in two bricks or a layer of insulation) - 1.0;
• high degree of thermal insulation - 0.85.

K3 - the ratio of the area of ​​\u200b\u200bwindows and the floor in the room:

• 50% - 1,2;
• 40% - 1,1;
• 30% - 1,0;
• 20% - 0,9;
• 10% - 0,8.

K4 is a coefficient that takes into account the average air temperature in the coldest week of the year:

• for -35 degrees - 1.5;
• for -25 degrees - 1.3;
• for -20 degrees - 1.1;
• for -15 degrees - 0.9;
• for -10 degrees - 0.7.

K5 - adjusts the need for heat, taking into account the number of external walls:

• one wall - 1.1;
• two walls - 1.2;
• three walls - 1.3;
• four walls - 1.4.

K6 - accounting for the type of room that is located above:

• cold attic - 1.0;
• heated attic - 0.9;
• heated dwelling - 0.8

K7 - coefficient taking into account the height of the ceilings:

• at 2.5 m - 1.0;
• at 3.0 m - 1.05;
• at 3.5 m - 1.1;
• at 4.0 m - 1.15;
• at 4.5 m - 1.2.

It remains to divide the result obtained by the heat transfer value of one section of the radiator and round the result to an integer.

Expert opinion

Viktor Kaploukhiy

Thanks to my versatile hobbies, I write on various topics, but my favorite ones are engineering, technology and construction.

When installing new heating radiators, you can focus on how efficient the old heating system was. If her work suited you, then the heat transfer was optimal - these data should be based on calculations. First of all, you need to find on the Web the value of the thermal efficiency of one section of the radiator that needs to be replaced. By multiplying the found value by the number of cells that the used battery consisted of, they obtain data on the amount of thermal energy that was enough for a comfortable stay. It is enough to divide the result obtained by the heat transfer of the new section (this information is indicated in the technical data sheet for the product), and you will receive accurate information on how many cells will be needed to install a radiator with the same thermal efficiency. If earlier the heating could not cope with heating the room, or vice versa, it was necessary to open the windows due to constant heat, then the heat transfer of the new radiator is corrected by adding or reducing the number of sections.

For example, earlier you had a common MS-140 cast-iron battery of 8 sections, which pleased with its warmth, but did not suit the aesthetic side. Paying tribute to fashion, you decided to replace it with a branded bimetallic radiator, assembled from separate sections with a heat output of 200 W each. The nameplate power of a used thermal device is 160 W, however, over time, deposits appeared on its walls, which reduce heat transfer by 10-15%. Therefore, the real heat transfer of one section of the old radiator is about 140 W, and its total thermal power is 140 * 8 = 1120 W. We divide this number by the heat transfer of one bimetallic cell and get the number of sections of the new radiator: 1120 / 200 = 5.6 pcs. As you can see for yourself, in order to keep the heat dissipation of the system at the same level, a bimetallic radiator of 6 sections will be enough.

How to take into account the effective power

When determining the parameters of the heating system or its individual circuit, one of the most important parameters, namely the heat head, should not be discounted. It often happens that the calculations are done correctly, and the boiler heats up well, but somehow it doesn’t add up with the heat in the house. One of the reasons for the decrease in thermal efficiency may be the temperature regime of the coolant. The thing is that most manufacturers indicate the power value for a pressure of 60 ° C, which takes place in high-temperature systems with a coolant temperature of 80-90 ° C. In practice, it often turns out that the temperature in the heating circuits is in the range of 40-70 ° C, which means that the value of the temperature difference does not rise above 30-50 ° C. For this reason, the heat transfer values ​​obtained in the previous sections should be multiplied by the actual head, and then the resulting number should be divided by the value indicated by the manufacturer in the data sheet. Of course, the figure obtained as a result of these calculations will be lower than that which was obtained when calculating according to the above formulas.

It remains to calculate the actual temperature difference. It can be found in tables on the Web, or you can calculate it yourself using the formula ΔT = ½ x (Tn + Tk) - Tvn). In it, Tn is the initial temperature of the water at the inlet to the battery, Tk is the final temperature of the water at the outlet of the radiator, Tvn is the ambient temperature. If we substitute the values ​​​​Tn = 90 ° С (the high-temperature heating system mentioned above), Тk = 70 ° С and Тvn = 20 ° С (room temperature) into this formula, then it is easy to understand why the manufacturer focuses on this value of thermal pressure. . Substituting these numbers into the formula for ΔT, we just get the “standard” value of 60 ° C.

Taking into account not the passport, but the real power of the thermal equipment, it is possible to calculate the system parameters with an allowable error. All that remains to be done is to make a correction of 10-15% in case of abnormally low temperatures and provide for the possibility of manual or automatic adjustment in the design of the heating system. In the first case, experts recommend putting ball valves on the bypass and the coolant supply branch to the radiator, and in the second case, installing thermostatic heads on the radiators. They will allow you to set the most comfortable temperature in each room, without releasing heat into the street.

How to correct calculation results

When calculating the number of sections, heat loss must also be taken into account. In a house, heat can escape in a fairly significant amount through walls and junctions, floors and basements, windows, roofs, and a natural ventilation system.

Moreover, you can save money if you insulate the slopes of windows and doors or a loggia by removing 1-2 sections, heated towel rails and a stove in the kitchen also allow you to remove one section of the radiator. Using a fireplace and underfloor heating system, proper wall and floor insulation will keep heat loss to a minimum and will also reduce the size of the battery.

Heat loss must be taken into account when calculating

The number of sections may vary depending on the mode of operation of the heating system, as well as on the location of the batteries and the connection of the system to the heating circuit.

In private houses, autonomous heating is used, this system is more efficient than the centralized one, which is used in apartment buildings.

The method of connecting radiators also affects the heat transfer performance. The diagonal method, when water is supplied from above, is considered the most economical, and the side connection creates a loss of 22%.

The number of sections may depend on the mode of the heating system and the method of connecting radiators

For single pipe systems, the final result is also subject to correction. If two-pipe radiators receive a coolant of the same temperature, then a single-pipe system works differently, and each subsequent section receives cooled water. In this case, first a calculation is made for a two-pipe system, and then the number of sections is increased, taking into account heat losses.

The calculation scheme for a single-pipe heating system is presented below.

In the case of a single-pipe system, successive sections receive cooled water

If we have 15 kW at the input, then 12 kW remains at the output, which means 3 kW is lost.

For a room with six batteries, the loss will average about 20%, making it necessary to add two sections per battery. The last battery in this calculation should be huge; to solve the problem, they use the installation of shut-off valves and connection through a bypass to regulate heat transfer.

Some manufacturers offer an easier way to get an answer. On their sites you can find a handy calculator specifically designed to do these calculations. To use the program, you need to enter the required values ​​in the appropriate fields, after which the exact result will be displayed. Or you can use a special program.

Such a calculation of the number of heating radiators includes almost all the nuances and is based on a fairly accurate determination of the room's need for thermal energy.

Adjustments allow you to save on the purchase of extra sections and payment of heating bills, ensure economical and efficient operation of the heating system for many years, and also allow you to create a comfortable and cozy warm atmosphere in your house or apartment.

Adjustment of results

In order to get a more accurate calculation, you need to take into account as many factors as possible that reduce or increase heat loss. This is what the walls are made of and how well they are insulated, how big the windows are, and what kind of glazing they have, how many walls in the room face the street, etc. To do this, there are coefficients by which you need to multiply the found values ​​\u200b\u200bof the heat loss of the room.

The number of radiators depends on the amount of heat loss

Windows account for 15% to 35% of heat loss. The specific figure depends on the size of the window and how well it is insulated. Therefore, there are two corresponding coefficients:

• ratio of window area to floor area:
  • 10% - 0,8
  • 20% - 0,9
  • 30% - 1,0
  • 40% - 1,1
  • 50% - 1,2
• glazing:
  • three-chamber double-glazed window or argon in a two-chamber double-glazed window - 0.85
  • ordinary two-chamber double-glazed window - 1.0
  • conventional double frames - 1.27.

Walls and roof

To account for losses, the material of the walls, the degree of thermal insulation, the number of walls facing the street are important. Here are the coefficients for these factors.

• brick walls with a thickness of two bricks are considered the norm - 1.0
• insufficient (absent) - 1.27
• good - 0.8

The presence of external walls:

• indoor - no loss, factor 1.0
• one - 1.1
• two - 1.2
• three - 1.3

The amount of heat loss is influenced by whether the room is heated or not located on top. If there is a habitable heated room above (the second floor of a house, another apartment, etc.), the reducing factor is 0.7, if the heated attic is 0.9. It is generally accepted that an unheated attic does not affect the temperature in and (factor 1.0).

It is necessary to take into account the features of the premises and climate in order to correctly calculate the number of radiator sections

If the calculation was carried out by area, and the height of the ceilings is non-standard (a height of 2.7 m is taken as the standard), then a proportional increase / decrease using a coefficient is used. It is considered easy. To do this, divide the actual height of the ceilings in the room by the standard 2.7 m. Get the required coefficient.

Let's calculate for example: let the height of the ceilings be 3.0 m. We get: 3.0m / 2.7m = 1.1. This means that the number of radiator sections, which was calculated by the area for a given room, must be multiplied by 1.1.

All these norms and coefficients were determined for apartments. To take into account the heat loss of the house through the roof and basement / foundation, you need to increase the result by 50%, that is, the coefficient for a private house is 1.5.

climatic factors

You can make adjustments depending on the average temperatures in winter:

Having made all the required adjustments, you will get a more accurate number of radiators required for heating the room, taking into account the parameters of the premises. But these are not all the criteria that affect the power of thermal radiation. There are other technical details, which we will discuss below.

The most accurate calculation option

From the above calculations, we have seen that none of them is perfectly accurate, since even for the same rooms, the results, albeit slightly, are still different.

If you need maximum calculation accuracy, use the following method. It takes into account many factors that can affect the heating efficiency and other significant indicators.

In general, the calculation formula has the following form:

T \u003d 100 W / m 2 * A * B * C * D * E * F * G * S,

• where T is the total amount of heat required to heat the room in question;
• S is the area of ​​the heated room.

The rest of the coefficients need more detailed study. So, coefficient A takes into account the peculiarities of the glazing of the room.

Features of the glazing of the room

• 1.27 for rooms whose windows are glazed with just two glasses;
• 1.0 - for rooms with windows equipped with double-glazed windows;
• 0.85 - if the windows have triple glazing.

Coefficient B takes into account the features of the insulation of the walls of the room.

Features of the insulation of the walls of the room

• if the insulation is inefficient. the coefficient is assumed to be 1.27;
• with good insulation (for example, if the walls are laid out in 2 bricks or purposefully insulated with a high-quality heat insulator). a coefficient equal to 1.0 is used;
• with a high level of insulation - 0.85.

The coefficient C indicates the ratio of the total area of ​​window openings and the floor surface in the room.

The ratio of the total area of ​​window openings and the floor surface in the room

The dependency looks like this:

• at a ratio of 50%, the coefficient C is taken as 1.2;
• if the ratio is 40%, use a factor of 1.1;
• at a ratio of 30%, the coefficient value is reduced to 1.0;
• in the case of an even smaller percentage, coefficients of 0.9 (for 20%) and 0.8 (for 10%) are used.

The D coefficient indicates the average temperature in the coldest period of the year.

Heat distribution in the room when using radiators

The dependency looks like this:

• if the temperature is -35 and below, the coefficient is taken equal to 1.5;
• at temperatures up to -25 degrees, a value of 1.3 is used;
• if the temperature does not fall below -20 degrees, the calculation is carried out with a coefficient equal to 1.1;
• residents of regions where the temperature does not fall below -15 should use a coefficient of 0.9;
• if the temperature in winter does not fall below -10, count with a factor of 0.7.

The coefficient E indicates the number of external walls.

Number of external walls

If there is only one external wall, use a factor of 1.1. With two walls, increase it to 1.2; with three - up to 1.3; if there are 4 external walls, use a factor of 1.4.

The F coefficient takes into account the features of the room above. The dependency is:

• if there is an unheated attic space above, the coefficient is assumed to be 1.0;
• if the attic is heated - 0.9;
• if the upstairs neighbor is a heated living room, the coefficient can be reduced to 0.8.

And the last coefficient of the formula - G - takes into account the height of the room.

• in rooms with ceilings 2.5 m high, the calculation is carried out using a coefficient equal to 1.0;
• if the room has a 3-meter ceiling, the coefficient is increased to 1.05;
• with a ceiling height of 3.5 m, count with a factor of 1.1;
• rooms with a 4-meter ceiling are calculated with a coefficient of 1.15;
• when calculating the number of battery sections for heating a room with a height of 4.5 m, increase the coefficient to 1.2.

This calculation takes into account almost all existing nuances and allows you to determine the required number of sections of the heating unit with the smallest error. In conclusion, you will only have to divide the calculated indicator by the heat transfer of one section of the battery (check in the attached passport) and, of course, round the found number up to the nearest integer value.

Heating Radiator Calculator

For convenience, all these parameters are included in a special calculator for calculating heating radiators. It is enough to specify all the requested parameters - and clicking on the "CALCULATE" button will immediately give the desired result:

Energy Saving Tips

Determination of the number of radiators for one-pipe systems

There is one more very important point: all of the above is true for a two-pipe heating system. when a coolant with the same temperature enters the inlet of each of the radiators. A single-pipe system is considered much more complicated: there, colder water enters each subsequent heater. And if you want to calculate the number of radiators for a one-pipe system, you need to recalculate the temperature every time, and this is difficult and time consuming. Which exit? One of the possibilities is to determine the power of the radiators as for a two-pipe system, and then, in proportion to the drop in thermal power, add sections to increase the heat transfer of the battery as a whole.

In a single-pipe system, the water for each radiator is getting colder and colder.

Let's explain with an example. The diagram shows a single-pipe heating system with six radiators. The number of batteries was determined for two-pipe wiring. Now you need to make an adjustment. For the first heater, everything remains the same. The second one receives a coolant with a lower temperature. We determine the % power drop and increase the number of sections by the corresponding value. In the picture it turns out like this: 15kW-3kW = 12kW. We find the percentage: the temperature drop is 20%. Accordingly, to compensate, we increase the number of radiators: if you needed 8 pieces, it will be 20% more - 9 or 10 pieces. This is where knowledge of the room comes in handy: if it’s a bedroom or a nursery, round it up, if it’s a living room or other similar room, round it down

Take into account the location relative to the cardinal points: in the northern ones, round up, in the southern ones - down

In single-pipe systems, you need to add sections to the radiators located further along the branch

This method is clearly not ideal: after all, it turns out that the last battery in the branch will have to be simply huge: judging by the scheme, a coolant with a specific heat capacity equal to its power is supplied to its input, and it is unrealistic to remove all 100% in practice. Therefore, when determining the power of a boiler for single-pipe systems, they usually take some margin, put shutoff valves and connect radiators through a bypass so that heat transfer can be adjusted, and thus compensate for the drop in coolant temperature. One thing follows from all this: the number and / or dimensions of radiators in a single-pipe system must be increased, and as you move away from the beginning of the branch, more and more sections should be installed.

An approximate calculation of the number of sections of heating radiators is a simple and quick matter. But clarification, depending on all the features of the premises, size, type of connection and location requires attention and time. But you can definitely decide on the number of heaters to create a comfortable atmosphere in winter.

How to calculate radiator sections by room volume

This calculation takes into account not only the area, but also the height of the ceilings, because you need to heat all the air in the room. So this approach is justified. And in this case, the procedure is similar. We determine the volume of the room, and then, according to the norms, we find out how much heat is needed to heat it:

• in a panel house, 41W is required to heat a cubic meter of air;
• in a brick house on m 3 - 34W.

You need to heat the entire volume of air in the room, therefore it is more correct to count the number of radiators by volume

Let's calculate everything for the same room with an area of ​​16m 2 and compare the results. Let the ceiling height be 2.7m. Volume: 16 * 2.7 \u003d 43.2m 3.

• In a panel house. The heat required for heating is 43.2m 3 * 41V = 1771.2W. If we take all the same sections with a power of 170W, we get: 1771W / 170W = 10.418pcs (11pcs).
• In a brick house. Heat is needed 43.2m 3 * 34W = 1468.8W. We consider radiators: 1468.8W / 170W = 8.64pcs (9pcs).

As you can see, the difference is quite large: 11pcs and 9pcs. Moreover, when calculating by area, we got the average value (if rounded in the same direction) - 10pcs.

Very accurate calculation of heating radiators

Above, we gave as an example a very simple calculation of the number of heating radiators per area. It does not take into account many factors, such as the quality of the thermal insulation of the walls, the type of glazing, the minimum outside temperature, and many others. Using simplified calculations, we can make mistakes, as a result of which some rooms turn out to be cold, and some too hot. The temperature can be corrected using stopcocks, but it is best to foresee everything in advance - if only for the sake of saving materials.

If during the construction of your house you paid due attention to its insulation, then in the future you will save a lot on heating. How is the exact calculation of the number of heating radiators in a private house made? We will take into account the decreasing and increasing coefficients

Let's start with glazing. If single windows are installed in the house, we use a coefficient of 1.27. For double glazing, the coefficient does not apply (in fact, it is 1.0). If the house has triple glazing, we apply a reduction factor of 0.85

How is the exact calculation of the number of heating radiators in a private house made? We will take into account the decreasing and increasing coefficients. Let's start with glazing. If single windows are installed in the house, we use a coefficient of 1.27. For double glazing, the coefficient does not apply (in fact, it is 1.0). If the house has triple glazing, we apply a reduction factor of 0.85.

Are the walls in the house lined with two bricks or is insulation provided in their design? Then we apply the coefficient 1.0. If you provide additional thermal insulation, you can safely use a reduction factor of 0.85 - heating costs will decrease. If there is no thermal insulation, we apply a multiplying factor of 1.27.

Note that heating a home with single windows and poor thermal insulation results in a large heat (and money) loss. When calculating the number of heating batteries per area, it is necessary to take into account the ratio of the area of ​​\u200b\u200bfloors and windows

Ideally, this ratio is 30% - in this case, we use a coefficient of 1.0. If you like large windows, and the ratio is 40%, you should apply a factor of 1.1, and at a ratio of 50% you need to multiply the power by a factor of 1.2. If the ratio is 10% or 20%, we apply reduction factors of 0.8 or 0.9

When calculating the number of heating batteries per area, it is necessary to take into account the ratio of the area of ​​\u200b\u200bfloors and windows. Ideally, this ratio is 30% - in this case, we use a coefficient of 1.0. If you like large windows, and the ratio is 40%, you should apply a factor of 1.1, and at a ratio of 50% you need to multiply the power by a factor of 1.2. If the ratio is 10% or 20%, we apply reduction factors of 0.8 or 0.9.

Ceiling height is an equally important parameter. Here we use the following coefficients:

Table for calculating the number of heating radiator sections depending on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room and the height of the ceilings.

Is there an attic behind the ceiling or another living room? And here we apply additional coefficients. If there is a heated attic upstairs (or with insulation), we multiply the power by 0.9, and if the dwelling is by 0.8. Is there an ordinary unheated attic behind the ceiling? We apply a coefficient of 1.0 (or simply do not take it into account).

After the ceilings, let's take up the walls - here are the coefficients:

• one outer wall - 1.1;
• two outer walls (corner room) - 1.2;
• three outer walls (the last room in an elongated house, hut) - 1.3;
• four outer walls (one-room house, outbuilding) - 1.4.

Also, the average air temperature in the coldest winter period is taken into account (the same regional coefficient):

• cold to -35 ° C - 1.5 (a very large margin that allows you not to freeze);
• frosts down to -25 ° C - 1.3 (suitable for Siberia);
• temperature up to -20 ° C - 1.1 (central Russia);
• temperature up to -15 ° C - 0.9;
• temperature down to -10 °C - 0.7.

The last two coefficients are used in hot southern regions. But even here it is customary to leave a solid supply in case of cold weather or especially for heat-loving people.

Having received the final thermal power necessary for heating the selected room, it should be divided by the heat transfer of one section. As a result, we will get the required number of sections and will be able to go to the store

Please note that these calculations assume a base heating power of 100 W per 1 sq. m

If you are afraid of making mistakes in the calculations, seek help from specialized specialists. They will perform the most accurate calculations and calculate the heat output required for heating.

Calculation of heating radiators by area for a private country house

If the rule applies for apartments in a multi-storey building - 100 W per 1 m 2 of the room, then this calculation will not work for a private house.

For the first floor, the power is 110-120 W, for the second and subsequent floors - 80-90 W. In this regard, multi-storey buildings are much more economical.

The calculation of the power of heating radiators by area in a private house is carried out according to the following formula:

N=S×100/P

In a private house, it is recommended to take sections with a small margin, this does not mean that it will make you hot, just the wider the heater, the lower the temperature must be supplied to the radiator. Accordingly, the lower the temperature of the coolant, the longer the heating system as a whole will last.

It is very difficult to take into account all the factors that have any effect on the heat transfer of the heating device.

In this case, it is very important to correctly calculate the heat losses, which depend on the size of window and door openings, vents. However, the examples discussed above make it possible to determine the required number of radiator sections as accurately as possible and at the same time ensure a comfortable temperature regime in the room.

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How to calculate the number of radiator sections

To calculate the number of radiators, there are several methods, but their essence is the same: find out the maximum heat loss of the room, and then calculate the number of heaters needed to compensate for them.

There are different calculation methods. The simplest ones give approximate results. However, they can be used if the rooms are standard or apply coefficients that allow you to take into account the existing "non-standard" conditions of each particular room (corner room, balcony, full-wall window, etc.). There is a more complex calculation by formulas. But in fact, these are the same coefficients, only collected in one formula.

There is one more method. It determines the actual losses. A special device - a thermal imager - determines the actual heat loss. And on the basis of these data, they calculate how many radiators are needed to compensate them. Another advantage of this method is that the image of the thermal imager shows exactly where the heat is leaving the most actively. This may be a marriage in work or in building materials, a crack, etc. So at the same time you can rectify the situation.

The calculation of radiators depends on the heat loss in the room and the rated heat output of the sections

Bimetal radiators features

Bimetallic radiators are becoming more and more popular today. This is a worthy replacement for the hopelessly outdated "cast iron". The prefix "bi" means "two", i.e. in the manufacture of radiators, two metals are used - steel and aluminum. Represent an aluminum framework in which there is a steel pipe. This combination is in itself optimal. Aluminum guarantees high thermal conductivity, and steel guarantees a long service life and the ability to easily withstand pressure drops in the heating system.

To combine seemingly incompatible, it became possible thanks to a special production technology. Bimetal radiators are manufactured by spot welding or injection molding.

Advantages of bimetallic heating radiators

If we talk about the advantages, then bimetallic radiators have a lot of them. Let's consider the main ones.

• long "life". High build quality and a reliable "union" of two metals turns radiators into "long-livers". They are able to serve regularly up to 50 years;
• strength. The steel core is not afraid of pressure surges inherent in our heating systems;
• high heat dissipation. Due to the presence of an aluminum body, the bimetallic radiator quickly heats up the room. In some models, this figure reaches 190 watts;
• rust resistance. Only steel is in contact with the coolant, which means that corrosion is not terrible for a bimetallic radiator. This quality becomes especially valuable when carrying out seasonal cleanings and dumping water;
• pleasant appearance". The bimetallic radiator is outwardly much more attractive than its cast-iron predecessor. There is no need to hide it from prying eyes with curtains or special screens. In addition, radiators differ in color and design. You can choose what you like;
• light weight. Greatly simplifies the installation process. Now installing the battery will not require much effort and time;
• compact size. Bimetal radiators are valued for their small size. They are quite compact and easily fit into any interior.

How to make a calculation

Different climatic zones of our country for heating apartments according to standard building codes and rules have their own meanings. In the zone of the middle lane at the latitude of Moscow or the Moscow region, 100 watts of thermal power will be required to heat 1 square meter of living space with a ceiling height of up to 3 meters.

For example, to heat a room of 20 square meters, you will need to spend 20 × 100 \u003d 2000 watts of thermal energy. If one section of a cast-iron battery has a heat output of 160 watts, then the calculation of the number of sections will look like this: 2000: 160 = 12.5. So, rounding up, 12 sections or two batteries of 6 sections.

Similar calculations can be made for other types of radiators:

Disadvantages of Simplified Calculation

Calculations are based on formulas

A simplified calculation assumes ideal conditions for sealing our apartments. However, here it is necessary to take into account the specific features of the winter period, namely:

1. Up to 50% of the heat supplied to the apartment can escape through window openings. Therefore, the installation of modern double-glazed windows will significantly reduce heat loss.
2. Corner apartments require more heat for heating, as their two walls face the street.
3. During the heating season, the central heating system does not always work like clockwork. Sometimes there are fluctuations in the temperature of the coolant, extreme frosts, unplanned gusts or other technical force majeure situations. The batteries installed according to the calculation will not provide their full heat transfer capacity. Therefore, when installing radiators, their number should be 20% higher than the calculated one.

The dependence of the power of radiators on the connection and location

In addition to all the parameters described above, the heat transfer of the radiator varies depending on the type of connection. A diagonal connection with a supply from above is considered optimal, in which case there is no loss of thermal power. The biggest losses are observed with lateral connection - 22%. All the rest are average in efficiency. Approximate loss percentages are shown in the figure.

Heat loss on radiators depending on the connection

The actual power of the radiator also decreases in the presence of barrier elements. For example, if a window sill hangs from above, heat transfer drops by 7-8%, if it does not completely cover the radiator, then the loss is 3-5%. When installing a mesh screen that does not reach the floor, the losses are about the same as in the case of an overhanging window sill: 7-8%. But if the screen completely covers the entire heater, its heat transfer decreases by 20-25%.

The amount of heat depends on the installation

The amount of heat also depends on the installation location.

The principle of calculating bimetallic radiators for the room

When installing bimetallic radiators, the dimensions of the room will help determine how much power the purchased sample should have. To do this, it will be enough just to multiply the above-described calculation results by the entire area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe equipped space.

As you know, the area of ​​​​a room is calculated by multiplying its length by its width. But in the event that the shape of the room is non-standard and it is rather difficult to calculate its perimeter, then some error in the calculations can be allowed, but the result should be rounded up.

When considering equipment such as heating radiators, the bimetallic dimensions of the section also play an important role, since its height must be suitable for the installation site of these batteries (read: “Dimensions of heating radiators in height and width, how to calculate“). One of the parameters of such devices as bimetallic radiators - the power of the section - has already been considered earlier. Now we should dwell in more detail on the number of functional segments for this device. It will not be difficult to calculate the number of sections: for this you need to divide the total power required for space heating by the power of one section of the desired radiator model.

Watch a video about the advantages of bimetallic radiators:

Speaking of such a parameter as the size of heating radiators, bimetallic samples often have a fixed number of sections, especially for modern products. If the assortment is limited only to such devices, then it is necessary to choose the model in which the number of sections is as close as possible to the number obtained as a result of the calculations. But, of course, it would be more correct to focus on samples with a large number of segments, since some excess heat is still definitely better than its lack.

A quick way to calculate the number of sections

When it comes to replacing cast-iron radiators with bimetallic ones, you can do without scrupulous calculations

Taking into account several factors:

• The bimetallic section gives a ten percent increase in thermal power compared to the cast iron section.
• Over time, battery efficiency decreases. This is due to deposits that cover the walls inside the radiator.
• It's better to be warmer.

The number of elements of a bimetallic battery must be the same as that of its predecessor. However, this number increases by 1 - 2 pieces. This is done to combat a future decrease in the efficiency of the heater.

For a standard room

We already know this method of calculation. It is described at the beginning of the article. Let's analyze it in detail, referring to a specific example. We calculate the number of sections for a room of 40 square meters. m.

According to the rules of 1 sq. m requires 100 watts. Let's assume that the power of one section is 200 watts. Using the formula, from the first section we find the required heat output of the room. Multiply 40 sq. m. per 100 W, we get 4 kW.

To determine the number of sections, divide this number by 200 watts. It turns out that for a room with a given area, 20 sections will be required. The main thing to remember is that the formula is relevant for apartments where the ceiling height is less than 2.7 m.

For non-standard

Non-standard rooms include corner, end rooms, with several window openings. This category also includes dwellings with a ceiling height of more than 2.7 meters.

For the first, the calculation is carried out according to the standard formula, but the final result is multiplied by a special coefficient, 1 - 1.3. Using the data obtained above: 20 sections, let's assume that the room is corner and has 2 windows.

The final result is obtained by multiplying 20 by 1.2. This room requires 24 sections.

If we take the same room, but with a ceiling height of 3 meters, the results will change again. Let's start by calculating the volume, multiply 40 square meters. m. by 3 meters. Remembering that for 1 cu. m requires 41 W., we calculate the total thermal power. Received 120 cu. m multiply by 41 watts.

Formulas allow you to get a result of varying degrees of accuracy, since they take into account a different number of parameters.

Average standard power values ​​of a section of radiators made of different materials:

• Steel - 110-150-W
• Cast iron - 160 W;
• Bimetallic - 180 W;
• Aluminum - 200 watts.

The number of devices themselves usually corresponds to the number of windows in the room, it is possible to install additional radiators on blank cold walls.

Calculation by room area

All calculations of the required power of heating devices are based on building codes adopted today:

For heating a residential area of ​​10 square meters, with a ceiling height of up to 3 meters, a thermal power of 1 kW is required.

For example, the area of ​​​​a room is 25 meters, 25 times 100 (W). It turns out 2500 W, or 2.5 kW.

Steel radiator has little power

We divide the resulting value by the power of one section of the selected radiator model, let's say it is 150 watts.

So 2500 / 150 is 16.7. The result is rounded up, so 17. This means that 17 radiator sections will be required to heat such a room.

Rounding down can be done if we are talking about rooms with small heat losses or additional heat sources, such as a kitchen.

This is a very rough and rounded calculation, since no additional parameters are taken into account here:

• The thickness and material of the walls of the building;
• Type of insulation and thickness of its layer;
• The number of external walls in the room;
• Number of windows in the room;
• The presence and type of double-glazed windows;
• Climatic zone, temperature range.

Accounting for additional parameters

• 20% should be added to the result if the room has a balcony or bay window;
• If there are two full-fledged window openings in the room or two external walls (corner arrangement), then 30% should be added to this value obtained.
• If you plan to install decorative screens for radiators or fences, add another 10-15%.
• Installed high-quality double-glazed windows will allow you to subtract 10-15% from the total.
• Lowering the coolant temperature by 10 degrees (norm +70) will require an increase in the number of sections or radiator power by 18%.
• Features of the heating system - if the coolant is supplied through the lower hole, and exits through the upper one, then the radiator lacks about 7-10% of the power.
• In order to make some power reserve, in case of an atypical cold snap, etc. It is customary to add 15% to the final result.

Coefficients of climatic regions

• For central Russia, the coefficient is not used (it is taken as 1).
• For the northern and eastern regions, a coefficient of 1.6 is applied.
• Southern regions 0.7-0.9, depending on the minimum and average annual temperatures.

Thus, in order to make an adjustment for the climatic zone, it is necessary to multiply the result of the thermal power by the required coefficient.

It turns out: Room area (length * width) / 10 (kW) * climate coefficient

Number of radiators

The number of radiators for the room is determined based on the number of sections obtained.

Radiators are usually installed near sources of cold air.

It is supposed to be installed under each window opening, if there are long cold outer walls, then they may also require the installation of a radiator.

For example, if the result is obtained: 16 sections are required, then if there are 2 identical windows in the room, it is possible to install two radiators of 8 sections each. If the length of the windows is different, the proportions of the sizes change accordingly.

Advice: in practice, radiators with more than 10 sections in length are recommended not to be installed, since the efficiency of the outer sections will be reduced.

Calculation by room volume

The calculation of the required power of heaters based on the volume of the room gives more accurate results, since the height of the room's ceilings is also taken into account.

This calculation method is used for rooms with high ceilings, non-standard configurations and open living spaces, such as halls with a second light.

The general principle of calculations is similar to the previous one.

According to the requirements of SNIP for normal heating of 1 cubic meter of a dwelling, 41 W of the thermal power of the device is required.

Thus, the volume of the room is calculated (length * width * height), the result is multiplied by 41. All values ​​​​are taken in meters, the result is in W. Divide by 1000 to convert to kW.

Example: 5 m (length) * 4.5 m (width) * 2.75 m (ceiling height), the volume of the room is 61.9 cubic meters. The resulting volume is multiplied by the norm: 61.9 * 41 \u003d 2538 W or 2.5 kW.

The number of sections is calculated, as above, by dividing by the power of one section of the radiator, indicated in the model passport by the manufacturer. Those. if the power of one section is 170 W, then 2538 / 170 is 14.9, after rounding, 15 sections.

Amendments

Cast iron batteries - a classic in a new way

If the calculation is made for apartments in a modern high-rise building with high-quality insulation and installed double-glazed windows, then the value of the power rate per 1 cubic meter is 34 watts.

In the radiator passport, the manufacturer may indicate the maximum and minimum values ​​\u200b\u200bof thermal power per section, the difference is related to the temperature of the coolant circulating in the heating system. To make correct calculations, either the average or the minimum value is taken.

Calculation for a private house

To calculate the required power of heating devices and the number of radiators in a private house or in non-standard housing (loft, attic floors, etc.), an even more accurate calculation principle is used.

In this case, additional coefficients are included in the formula.

Accounting for related technical factors and individual parameters inherent in a particular room allows you to obtain the optimal value of the required heat output in a particular case.

In general, the calculation formula has the form:

CT = 100W/sq.m. * P * K1 * K2 * K3 * K4 * K5 * K6 * K7

• CT - the amount of heat (calculated value);
• P is the area of ​​the room in square meters;
• K1 - coefficient of the type of glazing of window openings
  • Standard double glazing - 1.27
  • Double glazing - 1.0
  • Triple glazing - 0.85
• K2 - coefficient of the level of thermal insulation of walls
  • Small thermal insulation - 1.27
  • Average thermal insulation (increased thickness or insulation layer) - 1.0;
  • High degree of thermal insulation of walls (double layer of insulation) - 0.85.
• K3 - coefficient reflecting the ratio of the areas of windows and the floor in the room:
  • 50% - 1,2;
  • 40% - 1,1;
  • 30% - 1,0;
  • 20% - 0,9;
  • 10% - 0,8.
• K4 - coefficient taking into account the usual air temperature in the coldest week of the year:
  • -35 degrees - 1.5;
  • -25 degrees - 1.3;
  • -20 degrees - 1.1; d
  • -15 degrees - 0.9;
  • -10 degrees - 0.7.
• K5 - coefficient taking into account the number of external walls in the room
  • one wall - 1.1;
  • two walls - 1.2;
  • three walls - 1.3;
  • four walls - 1.4.
• K6 - correction for the high location of the room
  • For a cold attic - 1.0;
  • For a heated attic - 0.9;
  • Heated living quarters on the upper floors - 0.8
• K7 - coefficient, to take into account the height of the ceilings in the room:
  • Ceilings 2.5 m - 1.0;
  • Ceilings 3.0 m - 1.05;
  • Ceilings 3.5 m - 1.1;
  • Ceilings 4.0 m - 1.15;
  • Ceilings 4.5 m - 1.2.

The calculation of the required amount of heat output, made according to this formula, allows you to determine the exact amount of heat for heating a particular room. When dividing the obtained value by the power of one section of the radiator, the required number of sections is obtained.