Heating is alternative. Use of solar energy

Due to the constant increase in the cost of gas and electricity, many users began to pay attention to environmentally friendly and economical maintenance of building heating systems.

The most popular of them are geothermal systems, windmills, biofuels and solar systems. Alternative methods of heating a house, although they have an initially high cost, quickly pay for themselves.

What are Alternative Heat Sources?

The main task of the systems is obtaining energy from renewable sources. Most alternative devices can be used to generate heat in any area, which indicates ease of use and minimum requirements.

Features of solar systems for a private house

solar collector can be used for heating apartment buildings and private houses. Solar systems are also often used for heating water for personal needs of consumers. solar systems can work in various modes and, depending on the selected equipment, provide energy generation during the whole year or certain seasons.

Panels and manifolds due to special absorption coatings heat the coolant inside installations. The liquid is supplied to a special reservoir, from which it enters the heating system of the house or into the hot water circuits.

Solar panels pass the coolant between the plates, and the tubular system raises the temperature of the liquid due to the vacuum between the outer and inner flasks. Under the influence ultraviolet rays the absorption layer begins to interact with the liquid and can heat it up up to 90 degrees.

Solar collectors are sources of heating of the coolant supplied directly to the heating circuits. To use solar energy you need an expansion tank and a pump, which will pump out water from the installations when the set temperature is reached.

pros heliosystem:

• Tubular collectors easy to install.
• Solar panels different low cost and high performance during the warm season.
• The equipment is suitable for use in various climatic zones.

Attention! The main disadvantage of solar collectors and batteries is their high price and fragility.

Wiring diagram for wind generators

Installations represent a device with blades, during the rotation of which electric current is generated. Windmills can be different sizes and forms, depending on their purpose and terrain features.

At work wind generators the accumulators are charged, which subsequently supply energy through the converter for heating buildings. Installations have two types of axes of rotation - horizontal and vertical.

Photo 1. Scheme of connecting a wind generator to the mains through the controller to household appliances.

Equipment from horizontal mount blades are designed to work in the area where the average annual wind speed more than 5 m/s.

Windmills with vertical axis rotation, thanks to their compact size, ideally suited for use in private homes. The required average annual speed of wind flows in this case should be above three meters per second.

Among the advantages of generators can be noted environmental friendliness, ergonomics and renewable energy source. The disadvantages of windmills include them instability, low efficiency, high cost.

Geothermal type of heating - reliability and durability?

Heat pumps represent two circuits with heat carriers connecting special equipment. One of the circuits is below ground level, and the other is located in the building that it heats. Geothermal heating system uses heat extracted from the bowels of the earth. In places where equipment is laid, the average annual temperature environment is 8-10 degrees.

The liquid that is in the external circuits is heated from the ground or water and fed into the pump, after which the device cools the substance to negative temperatures, and the released heat is redirected to internal heating system. Geothermal equipment will be an excellent option for space heating using low-temperature appliances.

Photo 2. Laying of heating mains, which are located horizontally, below the ground freezing level.

Thermal systemsinstalled in three ways:

• Horizontal.
• Vertical.
• Underwater.

To the pluses geothermal heating can be attributed inexhaustibility natural resource, no emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere, high system efficiency. cons equipment is a low coolant temperature in the internal circuits ( within 35-60 degrees), high cost of installations.

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When biofuels come to the rescue

Biofuel is substance derived from animal or vegetable matter, organic waste industry, the results of human activity. Biofuels are different types, but the most common options are pellets or briquettes.

For home heating with biofuel need to install a boiler, which will be compatible with an alternative energy source.

When burned, the substance releases heat, which heats the liquid in the heating system and ensures that the desired temperature is maintained.

The main advantage of this type alternative energy advocates it mobility. In the process of using biofuels for heating buildings, no harmful substances in atmosphere. The main disadvantage raw material is use of large areas for sowing crops from which this fuel can be produced.

Is it possible to install alternative heating with your own hands

Most systems difficult to install independently, as the installation process requires special tools and skills.

Wind turbine connection diagrams are selected individually depending on the task at hand. Wind turbines are connected to the controller, which charges the batteries and transfers electricity to the inverter. This design can be perfectly used to provide a private house with electricity.

Heat pumps most often installed vertical way. To install the equipment you will need drilling wells to a depth of more than 50 meters. The size of the circuits depends on the power heat pump. Sometimes the total length of wells reaches two hundred meters. External circuits are connected to a pump, which takes heat from them and transfers it to the house heating system. Low-temperature equipment receives a heated coolant and heats the building.

Biofuel boilers mounted on a pre-prepared screed, the thickness of which is at least 7 cm. For the most effective work heating system is connected buffer capacity, representing a water tank.

The volume of the device is calculated depending on the power of the boiler. If the heating equipment is volatile, then electricity should be supplied to it.

The chimney that is installed on the biofuel boiler must be equipped with condensate collector and have a diameter at least 18 centimeters. The height of the chimney is usually more than four meters. To protect the heating system from back pressure and siphon drainage is mounted in it check valve, which is located on the pipe of the general water supply. Fluid regulation and temperature control is carried out using balancing and mixing valves.

The search for new energy sources began long before it became clear that the reserves of hydrocarbons on Earth are not so limitless, and the depletion of the subsoil has an avalanche-like character. Back in 1846, the world's first wind generator was created, in 1861 an installation was assembled and launched to obtain energy from sunlight. And in 1913, the geothermal pump gave the first kilowatts. However, only recently general level technological development made it possible to overcome a number of previously insoluble problems, and quite effective household equipment for sane money began to enter mass production. We will talk further about how realistic it is to make alternative heating for a private house.

What can be considered alternative heating

It so happened that there is no single approach to the definition and classification. Manufacturers of heating devices, equipment sellers, the media are all ready to exploit this concept in their own way. Quite often, alternative types of home heating are called everything that does not work on gas. This may include a pellet "biofuel" installation, infrared heated floors or an ionic electric boiler. Sometimes the emphasis is on an unusual implementation, for example, "warm plinth" or " warm walls”, in a word, everything is relatively new, which has been actively used since the end of the last century.

So what is really an alternative for a private house? Let's focus on options where three basic principles are observed.

First, we consider only renewable energy sources.

Secondly, the performance of the equipment should be sufficient to at least partially supplement the heating (as the most energy-intensive system), and not just ensure the operation of a few light bulbs.

Thirdly, the cost / profitability of the power plant should be at such a level that it would be advisable to use it in household needs Oh.

Alternative heating options

Advantages and disadvantages of such systems

For various reasons, developers are thinking about alternative heating of a house or apartment. Homeowners are least interested in fashion trends, everyone needs new features that can be obtained:

• Save money on bills for used energy. Electricity, gas, diesel fuel and even firewood - all this regularly rises in price, and this process is irreversible.
• Ensuring full autonomy, or at least reducing dependence on common networks and third party providers. Practice shows that such systems are most often used as an alternative gas heating for lack of access to the highway.
• No need to communicate with officials to get a number of required documents. You will not have to ask for the allocation of additional capacities (electricity), or, for example, permission to tie into gas pipe.
• Supporters of environmental friendliness cannot but rejoice at the fact that windmills, heat pumps or solar systems allow the use of truly clean energy sources.
• Power plants are completely safe for people and homes, as there is no combustion process (fire, flammable fuel, flue gases).

Unfortunately, in every way ideal option not yet. Somewhere we get a very low efficiency, in other cases we have severe restrictions on operating conditions, which in practice translates into too unstable power supply parameters. Some installations need electricity to work and are not able to work autonomously. Others have too high a price tag, because of which the return on investment can stretch for decades or even be in question.

Solar collectors in heating system

A separate issue is the technical complexity of such power plants. It is not easy for a non-professional to install and configure them, not to mention making alternative heating from scratch with their own hands. For example, to create a sufficiently powerful (and most importantly - working) windmill.

Choosing alternative ways heating a private house, you need to pay attention following points:

• cost of capital expenditures,
• operating costs,
• service life of the equipment before the first failures,
• technical capabilities for installation,
• requirements for operating conditions (number sunny days, the presence of winds, etc.),
• real performance.

Use of wind and solar energy

Wind turbines in heating systems

Kinetic energy wind is generally used to power buildings, but powerful models under conditions close to ideal, they can also provide heating, at least partial. If you do not take into account the initial costs, then the resulting electricity costs nothing to the consumer. It is very important that auxiliary resources are not needed for the operation of the wind generator, they function autonomously all the time. These installations as auxiliary energy sources are successfully integrated into systems where the main ones are heating devices other types.

Standard equipment of the wind turbine

There are many types of windmill designs, but they are usually divided into two broad categories:

1. Horizontal wind turbines with propeller-type blades. These units are more productive (wind energy utilization rate up to 52%), therefore they are more suitable for heating needs, but they have a number of operational and consumer restrictions.
2. Wind generators with a vertical axis of rotation. These turbines are relatively low-power (KIEV less than 40%), but they do not require orientation to the wind, they can use not only laminar, but also turbulent flows, they begin to generate current even at low speeds. They are easier to maintain because the generator is near the ground and not on a mast in a gondola.

Here are some disadvantages of using windmills for heating:

• High capital costs. More than 70 percent of the funds go to auxiliary elements: accumulators, inverter, control automation, constructions for installation. Investments pay off only after several decades.
• Low efficiency - low power. In addition, part of the energy is lost in the process of converting electricity into heat.
• The terrain requires the presence of constant winds with high speed. Energy is unstable, highly dependent on the weather and season, requires regular monitoring and accumulation.
• The equipment takes up a lot of space.
• Wind turbines generate a lot of noise during operation.

Note! When too strong wind, the generator will also not work, as protective automation is triggered.

Solar systems: solar batteries and collectors

Solar systems perform direct heating of the coolant or convert energy by photovoltaic method. In the first option, the sun's rays heat water / antifreeze (in some models - air), which is transported to the premises and gives off heat through radiators. In the second case, photons of light are transformed into electrical energy, supplying conventional heating devices powered by electricity (boilers, heaters, underfloor heating).

The principle of operation of the solar collector for heating and hot water

Accordingly, there are two types of devices:

• Solar collectors. The system consists of a circuit for the circulation of the coolant, an accumulation tank and the collector itself. Depending on the design, collectors are distinguished: flat, vacuum and air (air is used as a coolant).
• Solar panels. The installation consists of panels with photocells, controllers and an inverter. The battery generates a direct current with a voltage of 24 or 12 volts, which is collected in batteries and, after being converted by an inverter into alternating current (220 V), is supplied to the sockets.

Note! If you install a disk meter to account for network electricity, it will respond to the current received from solar panels - it will start to rewind the readings in accordance with the amount of additional incoming energy.

Disadvantages solar installations several. First of all, the dependence on meteorological factors and cyclicity (seasonal and daily). Batteries have a low efficiency, in order to provide a large amount of stable energy, they must take large area and be equipped with expensive batteries, which often have to be changed. The disadvantage of collectors is their dependence on electricity (for the operation of a pump or fan), or, for example, the danger of freezing of the coolant.

Photovoltaic panels are completed similarly to wind turbines (controller, batteries, inverter), so they can easily be combined with them into hybrid systems

Heat pumps for heating a private house

With this method of alternative heating, the equipment extracts and concentrates the heat that is accumulated in the ground, water or air. Energy is transferred in heat exchangers, and for the circulation of heat carriers in the system, several independent circuits are used. The principle of operation of a heat pump is similar to refrigeration unit(where the main power element is the compressor), only it acts the other way around.

Features of energy transfer in heat pumps

Note! Heat pumps can be considered universal and the most in a reliable way organize alternative heating of a private house. However, their operation requires an uninterrupted power supply. There is such a thing as a "conversion factor": for every kilowatt of electricity consumed, there is about 3-5 kW of heat received.

Geothermal installations "ground-water" and "ground-air"

These installations collect heat from long wells or horizontal layers from shallow depths. Such heat pumps are the most efficient, since the thermal energy of the soil has stable performance, and it is available in any latitude. There are two types of devices:

• Vertical probes are located in wells up to several hundred meters deep. They show the best performance, but are too expensive, mainly due to drilling work.
• Horizontal collectors consist of a system of pipes laid at a depth of about 1.2-1.5 meters (below the freezing level). They are less efficient and occupy significant areas that are not subject to development and are not suitable for growing perennials. The main advantage of such structures is much lower excavation costs.

In summer, the heat pump can operate in reverse mode, performing the functions of an air conditioner

Heat pump "water-to-water" and "water-to-air"

The circuit with the primary coolant is located at the bottom of a non-freezing lake or river. It is similar in configuration to a horizontal manifold. The heat of industrial wastewater and sewerage, as well as groundwater, can be used. There are two types of structures:

• Water is the heat carrier and is pumped inside the open primary circuit.
• Water gives off its energy to a closed primary circuit, where "brine" circulates as a heat carrier.

It is obvious that in order to organize such an energy supply, there must be located directly near the house. suitable body of water enough large area.

Air source heat pumps

To obtain heat from the air, devices with a large radiator-heat exchanger and a productive fan are used, which must pump large volumes of air masses. These units can heat water or immediately give energy to the air (for example, air conditioners with a heating function work), sometimes they use heat flue gases or outgoing streams from ventilation systems.

These are the most inexpensive heat pumps, but they are the least productive and not all can work with significant sub-zero temperatures(in most cases -10 is the limit). Only the most advanced inverter-controlled installations will produce heat at -25 degrees outside.

Geothermal collector laying option

So, do alternative ways of heating a private house have the right to life? Undoubtedly! This is at least farsighted. Already now they can qualitatively supplement traditional heat generators. If they allow specifications, you can assemble a hybrid system, and completely switch to renewable sources. True, this will require a certain amount Money and qualified professional assistance. But if for some reason it is impossible to get away from hydrocarbons, then it makes sense to modernize the conventional heating system so that you can control the temperature of the coolant as efficiently as possible, or, alternatively, direct efforts to insulate the building envelope to minimize overall heat loss .

Video: alternative and energy-saving heating systems

The quality of the heating system directly affects the comfort of a private house. The heating system must be given due attention, since being indoors, especially in winter period, it will take a long time. Today, more and more consumers are choosing alternative sources warmth for your home.

Alternative heating sources are systems that work with heat generators on renewable energy sources. These are solar, geothermal and biological energy. Boilers, heat pumps and solar panels that store heat and generate electricity.

This is what a biofuel boiler looks like.

Alternative heating systems of each type have their own difficulties and features. Less problems occurs when using gas and electric boilers. The main plus is a constant supply of fuel. It is enough to connect the boiler once, set it up with your own hands, and not worry that the fuel will run out in the middle of the night. Of course, there is no insurance in case of interruptions, emergencies but this rarely happens.

Heating the house with heat pumps by water-to-water type

These heating methods provide for the need to have a well for sampling ground water and for the return discharge of waste water into the ground. A consumer for a small private house will have to drill 2-3 such wells for water intake and 1-2 for waste drain. Drilling depth must be 50 m. Permission is also required public services control.

Appearance of the water-to-water pump.

Heating with heat pumps by brine-water type

To implement the project, it is necessary to drill a well up to 200 m deep. It should contain pipes in a U-shape along with the solution. It is possible to arrange a heat exchanger, which will be located at a depth of at least 5 m. This is necessary to reduce the difference in heat received in different months of the year.

Heating scheme based on a brine-water pump.

The depth and number of wells is determined based on the ability to obtain the required 50 W of thermal energy. It comes from every running meter drilled well. As a result, alternative heating of a private house with the help of heat pumps according to the water-water or brine-water scheme is characterized minimal cost for heating compared with indicators characterizing other types of heating systems.

Heating the house with solar thermal storage collectors

Alternative heating using solar thermal storage panels will directly depend on the intensity of sunlight, which is different at different times of the year. At night and in cloudy weather, solar radiation is not enough for the collectors to work.

What is used for

Solar panels are often used to heat water or for domestic and economic needs. Hot water takes part in heat transfer in monovalent storage tanks. Solar panels can act as an additional source of heat generation for water heating and heating systems in biovalent storage tanks.

Types of solar collectors

Solar collectors are divided into two types:

• flat;
• having a vacuum tube.

Heating with solar panels.

If the equipment is used in the summer, then the performance coefficient of both types will be the same. For winter it is recommended to use vacuum collectors. They can work at temperatures up to -35 degrees.

Flat collectors are able to heat the air up to +60 degrees. Vacuum collectors are designed for heating up to +90. In other parameters, the devices are similar.

Collectors with vacuum tubes are excellent as alternative heating country house. At the same time, appliances can heat water.

TEK

A hydrodynamic water heater is another good alternative to gas heating. She still does not have much fame, but the simplicity, profitability of using it for heating a house makes her noticeable. In addition to water, the installations allow heating oil, salty, dirty water.

Design

The installation consists of expansion tank water heating, pumps, electric pump. Heating occurs when the streams of water supplied to the tank collide with each other - thermal energy is released. When heating the premises, the water heating installation is connected to the heating system of a private house, additional installation circulation pump not required, a boiler is connected to heat the water.

Principle of operation.

Ventilation

The use of ventilation as a source of heating, at least, sounds interesting, because the purpose of ventilation is to remove air from the premises, which contains dust, there is a lack of oxygen and the presence of unpleasant odors. But part of the heat is also removed with the air. How can it be used? Also, you can install a heating element in the ventilation system (in its supply part) with your own hands to supply heated air to the house.

The highest efficiency of the system supply and exhaust ventilation, with forced circulation and heat recovery.

The systems use warm exhaust air to heat cold, supply air. Better economy, equipment utilization rates are achieved by adjusting the air flow according to its actual need.

From biomass, which includes organic waste, manure, plants, wastewater, biogas is obtained as a result of decomposition by bacteria. It is expedient to heat low-rise buildings with chips from wood pellets, logs, and pressed waste from the woodworking industry. Fuel is supplied to the boilers using various ways automated filing. As for log-fired boilers, fuel is loaded into them manually.

The alternative to gas heating also includes pallet fired boilers. They can be both manual and automatic fuel supply. This contributes to the fact that a person does not need to be constantly near the boiler. The automatic control system maintains the temperature at a certain parameter.

This is what biofuel looks like.

Heating the house with boilers that run on waste oils

Waste oils are not related to renewable energy sources, however, they take part in the formation of materials that must be disposed of.

Underfloor heating system

For heating a country house, the well-known heating scheme is perfect - "warm floor". During installation, no additional redevelopment is required. You can save significant amounts of money on heating. The system is placed under flooring. In the presence of necessary knowledge and skills installation of a warm floor can be done by hand.

Underfloor heating installation process.

Ceiling heaters

Another alternative heating of a country house is the installation of ceiling special film heaters. For example, foil, which is simply mounted on the ceiling. Under the influence electric current there is an even distribution of heat throughout the room.

In conditions when energy carriers are constantly becoming more expensive, alternative heating of a private house becomes relevant. Owners of dachas and cottages are looking for acceptable options for heating their property, considering the most various offers: from solid fuel boilers to solar collectors. Each heating option, which differs from the standard, has certain advantages and disadvantages. We will talk about them today.

A bit about alternative energy

For some homeowners, any opportunity to give up the habitual countryside gas heating. Others are striving for complete autonomy and are looking at opportunities to accumulate and use solar energy.

Environmentalists advocate for sustainable land and water energy. Some are concerned about how the air in the house warms up and how heating appliances affect indoor humidity.

The use of natural energy sources is currently quite expensive and pays off, as a rule, within ten or more years.

In general, modern alternative types of heating look quite diverse:

• boilers operating on solid or liquid fuels, as well as on biofuels;
• heat pumps based on the use of geothermal energy;
• solar collectors using thermal energy the sun;
• infrared heaters various types;
• "warm plinth".

More recently to alternative methods heating also included systems such as "warm floor", which appeared on the market not so long ago. Today, they have become quite familiar and perfectly complement, and sometimes completely replace the usual methods of heating with the help of radiators.

Pay attention to the article with an overview of energy-saving heating systems: their types of advantages and disadvantages:.

It would seem that the use gas boiler has many benefits. Many thousands of houses are heated in this way. However, the requirements of homeowners for the quality of heating are constantly growing.

It is worth noting that it is technologically not so simple to connect a gas boiler to the main. Problems arise in the process of registration of all relevant documents. In addition, the cost of gas is constantly rising. Finally, the quality of heat also causes criticism. With the help of a boiler it is difficult to heat the house evenly: the temperature near the radiators and the floor is much higher than in the center of the room.

Option #1 - biofuel boiler

To refuse gas and replace it with another energy carrier, it is enough to change the boiler. The most popular options are electric and solid fuel. But heating an energy carrier with electricity is not always economically viable.

An interesting option would be to use boilers on. For their work, special briquettes and pellets are used, but materials such as:

• wood pellets and chips;
• granulated peat;
• straw pellets, etc.

The use of briquettes allows you to make the fuel supply to the boiler automatic, you will no longer need to worry about it. However, it should be noted that the cost of such a boiler can be ten times higher than the price of gas analogues, briquettes are also quite expensive.

Please note that a properly arranged fireplace is a good alternative. modern ways heating. It is quite capable of effectively heating a small cottage.

You may be interested in an article on how you can make a bioreactor with your own hands, is it cost-effective and are special permits required:.

Option #2 - use of heat pumps

Geothermal heat pumps heat the house using energy from the earth or water. In summer, such a system works like an air conditioner, i.e. helps to cool the building by returning excess heat to the ground. This is an environmentally friendly type of heating that uses renewable resources.

If we compare the heating costs of heat pumps with gas boilers, then we can note a noticeable savings: about 15%. However, alternative heating systems of this type are rare, since the costs of their creation remain very high.

Please note that the heat pump needs a constant supply of electricity to operate. Therefore, you should not mount such a system in an area where electricity is often turned off. You can solve this problem with your own generator, but as a result, installation and maintenance costs will increase markedly.

Option #3 - use solar collectors

These are plates that are usually installed on the roof of a house. They accumulate the heat of the sun's rays and, with the help of a coolant, transfer the collected energy to the boiler room. Heat enters the heat exchanger, which is built into the storage tank. After that, the water is heated and can be used for heating, domestic needs, swimming pools, etc.

Solar collectors can work effectively with low temperatures and cloudy weather

Thanks to new technologies, solar collectors are able to receive heat even in cloudy weather or when the air temperature is below zero. but maximum effect from their use can be obtained in the southern regions, where the amount of solar radiation is quite high. In colder areas, solar collectors will better cope with the role of additional, rather than main heating.

Option #4 - infrared heating

Infrared heating is becoming more and more widespread. Such alternative sources of home heating are relatively inexpensive and very easy to install. Compact infrared heaters effectively heat rooms, besides, they can decorate the interior.

No less popular infrared film, which is used when installing the "" system. It is laid under a layer of decorative flooring, which greatly facilitates installation. There is no need for complex repairs, it is enough to remove the floor covering, lay the film and lay a new floor covering.

A warm baseboard allows you to heat the room efficiently and evenly

Also, interesting solution for the home, a system called "" can become. This system is mounted along the walls, which heat up first and radiate heat into the room, preventing its penetration to the outside. As a result, the air temperature in the room becomes very uniform.

These alternative heating sources for a country house also do not require too much high costs for purchase. And their installation is easy. For example, electrical system warm baseboard can be installed in just a couple of days. In this case, it will not be necessary to mount additional communications, which means that the interior of the house will not suffer. When using such heating, the humidity in the rooms remains optimal.

In this article we will consider Alternative heating of a private house, when you find yourself without gas and electricity, how to make heating with your own hands? Read more about this in this article>>

The advanced countries of the world have long been switching to alternative energy sources. This brings a huge number of advantages, both for the owners themselves and for the environment. How to choose suitable option heating your home and not regret your choice?

Which system can fully provide the building with heat, and which one will only complement the main one?

The system is directly related to the intensity of sunlight. In the cold season and on cloudy days, the generated energy cannot cover the needs of a residential building in full.

However, the use is optimal as an additional source.

There are collectors with a vacuum tube and flat ones. In summer lighting conditions, the performance of both types will be equal. But in winter time vacuum will dominate. Flat-plate collectors can heat the air up to 60 degrees. Vacuum - up to 90. Also, both of them can be used to heat water.

Windmills

The main node is a wind generator (vertical or horizontal). Next come: blades, mast, weather vane, controller, batteries, inverter. The wind turns the blades attached to the mast high above the ground.

The performance of the entire structure directly depends on the height. The rotation of the blades affects the rotor of the generator. It produces electricity, which is converted by the controller into direct current.

Electricity is stored in batteries. At the output of the batteries, the current enters the inverter, where it is converted into an alternating frequency of 50 Hz and a voltage of 220 watts.

infrared emitters

They are also called eco-heaters. Their work is based on the transfer of heat in the form of infrared radiation to objects, and he is already transferring it to the air in his own. Such systems are capable of heating both the rooms of a residential building and people in the open air.

They give significant savings in heating, due to directional heating of only the necessary segment of the space. Can be mounted on the wall, ceiling, installed on the floor.

Hydrogen boilers (nanomethod)

Relatively new way alternative heating. The hydrogen boiler system is powered by the reaction of hydrogen with oxygen. The interaction of these two substances gives H2O molecules and heat of about 40 degrees. That is what it starts to heat the air.

Electric boilers