Screwdriver types. Choosing a Phillips screwdriver for household needs

Every home should have a screwdriver. Of course, there is no need to purchase all varieties, but it is very easy to understand which ones are needed for the home. Such a tool is necessary to replace the socket or switch, repair in the apartment and household appliances. Of course, you can buy a screwdriver, but for minor repairs it is completely useless. You can get by with the simplest and most inexpensive alternative. In this article, we will look at existing species screwdrivers and their purpose, marking, as well as photo examples.

Design features

A screwdriver consists of three parts: a tip, a shaft and a handle. Tip types depend on which fastener is to be screwed. Their names depend on the shape of the tip. Fastener can be a screw, screw or self-tapping screw. Previously, slotted fixtures were in great demand, but now the use of cross fixtures has become more popular.

What are the slots? There are different types of slots. Popular types are in the form of an asterisk and a hexagonal element. It is very important that the tip is strong and firm. And for better retention, it is treated with a special coating, which has a high coefficient of friction.

Varieties of the tool allow you to choose a convenient option for working in different places. So a screwdriver can be with a long or short handle, with a square or hexagonal section. The handle can be plastic or wooden and is most often cylindrical in shape. But they are also found in the shape of the letter "T" or pistol-shaped.

Overview of varieties

So what are screwdrivers? Since on construction market new types of bolts appeared, then the types of tools also expanded. Today there is big choice products of various shapes and designs. Most of them are used only in conjunction with certain technologies.

The following types of screwdrivers are considered the most popular in consumption:

1. Flat (designated as SL). It is also called a straight line. The sting has the form of a blade and such a plane is needed to work with the simplest connections using screws. Such a device is considered the most popular in domestic work, such as fastening shelves or minor .
2. Cross (designated as RN). Such a screwdriver has a sting in the form of a cone. Its four faces fit into a cross slot. These types of products are used to connect certain equipment or cars, as well as to securely fasten the screw. Since such a screwdriver has a conical shape, the tip will come into contact with the screw twice as much.
3. Hexagonal (denoted as HEX). These types of products are working surface like a hexagon. The torque of such a device will be ten times the indication of a Phillips screwdriver. This type of tool is used during work related to the repair of electrical equipment.
4. Star-shaped (denoted as TORX). It has the shape of a working surface like a six-pointed star. It is used in the repair of a minor variety of equipment, for example, such as a cell phone.
5. Cruciform with notches (denoted as PZ). This type of screwdriver design has not only a cross profile, but also has minor additional edges. It is used when assembling furniture, as it fits more tightly into the fasteners.

There are also types of products that are used only in certain conditions, as they are equipped with special devices. Such products include:

Screwdriver marking

To find out what these tools are and what their purpose is, you need to know the decoding of the screwdriver markings.

This table contains all the most popular tip shapes and their markings:

For example, cruciform (PH and PZ) has a special correspondence table, which indicates the tools and sizes of fasteners to which they fit. The table below shows the dependence of the length and diameter of the rod on the screwdriver number:

There is also another dependency you should be aware of:

It should also be noted that some types of screwdrivers may contain not only letters, but also numbers in the marking. For example, PH 4 * 120, here PH - this means that it is straight; 4 is a number that indicates the diameter of the fastener; 120 - product length. In addition, the marking may contain information about the metal used in the manufacture of the working part.

In the photo below you can see the markings on the rod:

Probably, in every house there are at least two screwdrivers - a Phillips and a flat one. For many people, this is enough to screw in or unscrew a screw once a year. But screwdrivers, like any tool, are not eternal, and when it comes time to choose new ones to replace the old ones, a person will be surprised and confused. It turns out that there are not two or even two dozen types of screwdrivers, in a decent store they can be assigned a whole department. How to choose the right one for your needs, and most importantly, a high-quality screwdriver, and not get confused in their variety? We will try to answer this question in our article.

Usually a screwdriver consists of three parts: a handle, a rod and a tip. It is clear that the strength of a screwdriver is determined by the reliability of its weakest link.

Tip (sting)

The shape of the tip of the screwdriver must match the shape of the slot - the groove on the head of the screw or screw. Previously, the most common was a straight slot, but now it is becoming more and more difficult to find fasteners with it, therefore, not so many straight screwdrivers are produced.

Now the most common is the cross slot (it is also called Phillips). There is also an improved version of it called Pozidriv. Such slots allow you to achieve more torque, the tip of the screwdriver does not fall out of them as easily as from a straight slot.

There are also hex slots and Torx slots (six-pointed star). They are designed for even greater loads.

Other types of slots can be classified as rare, and we advise you to buy screwdrivers with the appropriate tip shape only if necessary.

In addition to the shape of the tip, you need to pay attention to its size. Ideally, a specific tip size should be used for a specific spline size. Many ignore this prescription and consider, say, Phillips screwdriver universal, suitable for any cross-shaped slot. If you choose the wrong size and shape of the tip, you can break the tool or cut off the slot.

How to choose screwdriver size:

• Flat screwdrivers are marked with the Latin letters SL, followed by the width of the slot in millimeters. The width of a flat screwdriver can be from 2 to 18 mm, with an increase in its width, the thickness of the tip also increases. The average user can get by with three flathead screwdrivers of different sizes for most everyday tasks, let's say SL3, SL5 and SL8.
• Phillips screwdrivers are marked with the symbols PH with serial number(000; 00; 0; 1; 2; 3; 4). The most popular are PH2 size screwdrivers, they are suitable for most self-tapping screws and screws used in everyday life.

The tip of the screwdriver must not only have the appropriate shape and dimensions, it must be strong, hard, not brittle, and securely fixed in the slot. The achievement of strength characteristics is facilitated by high-quality material of the rod and proper heat treatment.

In order for the tip to be securely fixed in the slot, it must be rough. The tips of high-quality screwdrivers are coated with a special coating with a high coefficient of friction, or notches are applied to its edges.

Kernel

Screwdriver shafts can vary in length, diameter, shape, and strength. The strength characteristics of the rod are characterized by its hardness. According to GOST, it should be within 47-52 HRC. If the hardness is lower, the rod may bend, if higher, it may crack. Satisfactory hardness can be achieved by using high-alloy chrome-vanadium steel, in which case "CR-V" or "chrome-vanadium" can be written on the rod. But such an inscription does not always guarantee quality, because it is not difficult for unscrupulous manufacturers to apply it. Conversely, big-name manufacturers don't always write what they think goes without saying. To ensure corrosion resistance, various protective coatings are sometimes applied to the rods. Sometimes the rods are covered with rubber or plastic, this makes the work of electricians easier, but makes the rod thicker than the tip, so it is not always possible to get to the head of the fastener, deeply recessed into the part.

The rod length is usually 100-200 mm. For work in confined spaces, screwdrivers with a short stem and a shortened handle are produced. If the fastener is in a hard-to-reach place, it is more advisable to use a screwdriver with a long shaft and take a telescopic screwdriver with an adjustable reach of the shaft.

The shank diameter depends on the size of the tip and the loads for which the tool is designed. The cross section of the rod can be not only round, but also hexagonal or square. This shape allows the wrench to grip the rod and provide more torque.

We must not forget that the rod must not only be strong, it must be securely fixed in the handle. Visually, this factor cannot be controlled in any way, therefore unscrupulous manufacturers often pay insufficient attention to fixing the rod, and over time it begins to turn. Such a screwdriver can be safely thrown away, because it will not be possible to reanimate it.

Sometimes the shaft of a screwdriver goes through the entire handle and ends with a heel that can be struck with a hammer. Such a screwdriver will help out if you need to unscrew a screw with a painted slot.

Handle

Screwdriver handles are made of various materials, such as plastic, wood, they may have rubber inserts.

The dimensions of the handle must be selected based on the working conditions. If you have to work in cramped conditions, better fit short handle. Its diameter is almost always proportional to the size of the tip and the diameter of the rod. That is, the more powerful fasteners the tool is designed for, the more torque is needed and the thicker the handle should be. For screwdrivers for small fasteners, the handles are deliberately made thinner so that there is no risk of cutting off the slot or destroying the part into which the fastener is screwed.

The handles of modern screwdrivers can be the most different forms, often manufacturers are guided not only by ergonomics, but also try to somehow distinguish their product from the rest due to the shape of the handle, sometimes sacrificing convenience. Therefore, when choosing a screwdriver, we advise you to definitely hold it in your hands.

The screwdriver handle can be not only cylindrical, there are T-handles or pistol grips. They provide more torque, but make the tool non-compact.

The handles of most screwdrivers are made of plastic with rubber inserts. For everyday tasks, this combination is ideal, but for work in contact with aggressive media, it is advisable to opt for a material that is more resistant to their effects, such as plastic or wood.

On the back of some handles there are metal wrench sockets - not an absolute necessity, but in some cases a very useful detail.

It is desirable that there is a hole in the handle, so the screwdriver can be hung on a hook or a string can be pulled into it and hung around the neck.

Additional features

The shaft of some screwdrivers can be replaced with a flexible shaft or be equipped with a hinge, thanks to which you can drive the screw into a place where a conventional screwdriver cannot reach.

There are also ratchet screwdrivers. Thanks to the ratchet, the free rotation of the handle in one of the directions is ensured, that is, you can screw in the fasteners without taking your hands off the handle.

Now there are more and more screwdrivers with interchangeable tips that will satisfy most ordinary users, but the pros will bypass them, like any other “universal tool”.

Remember that you can only evaluate the quality of a screwdriver on a store counter visually. Therefore, all manufacturers (both conscientious and not so) try to make their products look as attractive as possible. We advise you to buy only products of well-known brands.

Screwdrivers different types differ in purpose, features of work, advantages and disadvantages, brands. In the article we will tell you how to choose a screwdriver, give useful tips and recommendations.

Types of screwdrivers and their purpose

Rechargeable. The tool of this type has a built-in motor to ensure a faster process of tightening and unscrewing the fasteners.

1. Indicator. It is used to check the presence of voltage in the network using a miniature indicator.
2. With interchangeable bits. Such devices have additional nozzles (bits) for various kinds screws, fasteners, self-tapping screws for work in hard-to-reach places.
3. For screws. Screwdrivers for tightening / loosening screws of various configurations.
4. Drums. It is necessary to extract rusty, difficult to unscrew bolts, screws, self-tapping screws with a conventional screwdriver.

Cordless screwdrivers have a built-in Electrical engine and power supply.

Image of a BOSCH cordless screwdriver for working with fasteners in places where there is no direct access.

Due to the small battery capacity and low-power motor, these screwdrivers are small in size. In such models, an element is provided for quick clamping of the nozzle, as well as the presence of an engine that drives the working part. Thanks to the reversible function, you can change the direction of movement of the bit, which is convenient for unscrewing fasteners.

Indicator screwdrivers equipped with a built-in indicator. Such varieties are necessary for a simple and safe determination of the presence of voltage in the network.

Image of a STAYER indicator screwdriver that can detect the presence of a voltage signal, both contact and non-contact.

There are two varieties:

• contact device;
• contactless device.

Contact type devices are equipped with a plate on the handle, which the user must touch in order to correctly determine the signal. There are such varieties with a sound signal. Non-contact varieties - has a battery that allows you to detect breaks electrical circuit without current signal.

With interchangeable bits. Relate to universal varieties of screwdrivers. There is a set of bits (nozzles) with various tip configurations.

Image of a GROSS brand model with a set of bits and socket heads in the amount of 48 pieces.

There are models in a set with bits (5-50 pieces). They can be either single-sided or double-sided with the accessory holder included in the kit.

For screws. Two major varieties can be distinguished:

• cross.

Image of Inforce Phillips screwdriver with chrome molybdenum steel magnetic tip

• flat.

Picture of a STANDART flathead screwdriver for use with stainless steel threaded fasteners

A Phillips screwdriver is used only when working with a Phillips slot. It has the shape of a tip, ideal for screwing screws, screws. Flat is used to work with flat slots. There are two main varieties:

• dielectric, such models have handles made of conductive material;
• double-sided rod that can be easily changed.

shock. The principle of operation is based on the reproduction of rotation during pressure on the nozzle. Such an effort allows you to turn the hardened screw by 2-5 mm. This device is used only for the initial unscrewing of problematic fasteners. Then use a screwdriver different from this type.

Image percussion instrument brand SANTOOL, having a reverse, the ability to change the head and 6 bits

Advantages and disadvantages of different types of screwdrivers

Battery screwdrivers:

• Their merits are accelerated process screwing and unscrewing due to the presence of an electric motor, which is powered by a battery or from the mains.
• The disadvantage is that it is cumbersome compared to simple models and higher cost.

Indicator:

• Advantages - in addition to the main function, such screwdrivers help to visualize the presence of voltage in the network.
• Disadvantages - the importance of using according to the manufacturer's instructions. Read also the article: → "".

With interchangeable bits:

• Advantages - a large selection of nozzles, which allows them to work with almost any type of screw, self-tapping screw.
• The disadvantage is the constant carrying of a set of nozzles in a special container or package.

For screws:

• Advantages - reliability, ease of use. Most manufacturers make this type of screwdriver from durable material.
• Disadvantages - the need to purchase a model for a certain type of screw / screw.

• Advantages - without special efforts allow you to start the unwinding of the frozen fasteners.
• Disadvantages - use only at the initial stage of unscrewing the screw.

Analysis of tool manufacturers

1. For installation work electrical networks The most commonly used screwdrivers are flat and Phillips screwdrivers with a dielectric coating manufactured by Wera.
2. Work in hard-to-reach places is easy to perform with MATRIX brand tools.
3. For long screwing / unscrewing, cordless screwdrivers from the KRAFTTOOL brand have proven themselves well. Thanks to them, you can quickly install fasteners.
4. When working with fasteners of various configurations, it is convenient to use models with interchangeable bits from Stayer or FIT.

Tips for screwdrivers: types, differences, use

• The bit for a straight slot is classic. It is designated by the abbreviation "S" from English. slot. The marking is located on the side face of the bit.

Image of a slotted bit with indication of its marking and examples of used fasteners Table 1. Working dimensions of bits for a slot

This group of nozzles is divided into varieties:

1. Nozzle for straight slot classic;
2. Nozzle for straight slot with TIN coating.

The classic nozzle is applicable for slot widths of 2.0 - 9.0 mm. The thickness of the gap can be 1.0 - 1.7 mm. Tip with TIN coating are more wear resistant and are used for width 4.0 - 7.0mm and thickness 0.5 - 1.5mm.

• Slot bit with TIN coating. A titanium nitride alloy is used. This coating provides high strength.

Image of a slotted bit with a TIN coating, indicating its marking and examples of used fasteners

• Cruciform bit. Marked "PH".

Image of a cross bit with indication of its marking and examples of used fasteners

Such nozzles are often applicable in working with metal and wood materials.

Table 2. Working dimensions of Phillips bits

• Cross-shaped bit with notches. Marking - "PZ".

Picture of a knurled Phillips bit, with examples of its working objects shown

Thanks to additional notches, such bits can withstand heavy loads during long-term work. The choice of the tip is made according to the dimensions of the fastener. Read also the article: → "".

Table 3. Classification of screwdriver types by fastener sizes

• Tip in the form of a hexagon. Designated - "N".

Image of the appearance of the hex tip, with examples of its working objects

These bits work with screws and self-tapping screws. They create tight contact with the fastener.

• Star-shaped nozzle. Marked - "T, TX".

Image of a star tip with indication of its marking and examples of used fasteners

The hexagonal base allows the nozzle to reliably come into contact with the fastener.

• A nozzle with a square slot. Marking - "R". They are used in specialized types of work.

Image of a square slot tip, indicating its marking and examples of fasteners used

• Nozzles with anti-vandal slot. Marking - "SP". High-strength steel is used, such nozzles are very durable and reliable.

Image of a tip with an anti-vandal coating, indicating its marking and examples of fasteners used

• Tips with Tri-Wing - slot. Marked - "TW". Such nozzles are used for assembly and repair of electronic household appliances.

Image of a tip with a Tri-Wing slot, indicating its marking and examples of fasteners used

• Torq-Set - tips. Markirvok - "TS".

Image of a Torq-Set tip with indication of its marking and examples of fasteners used.

Council number 1. If you need to work in hard-to-reach places, then the best choice is a flexible screwdriver.

Depiction of the principle of operation of a flexible screwdriver for working in hard-to-reach places

Council number 2. When assembling, it is better to use a dynamometric variety. It allows you to control efforts, thanks to the indicator scale.

The image of the working elements of a torque screwdriver for quality control of work performed.

How to choose screwdriver size

Each type of screwdriver is indicated by its nominal size of width and thickness. It will be enough for an ordinary consumer to have models or nozzles (SL3, SL5, SL8). The parameters of such varieties are 3-20 mm. Among crossheads, the PH2 is the most popular, working with most self-tapping screws and screws.

Manufacturers include:

1. FIT . Budget Chinese brand. Offers a very large selection different modifications. But count on high quality doesn't have to be here.
2. GROSS . A German company with a reputation for producing high quality and reliable tools for professional use.
3. Stanley . An American brand that produces devices for professionals and amateurs. The basic feature is the ease of use of its products.
4. STAYER . Russian brand that produces budget screwdrivers. It guarantees high quality and long term services.
5. Wiha . A manufacturing brand that performs tools for complex production tasks. High prices on equipment are offset by reliable performance.

FAQ

Question number 1. What are screws?

Type of screws:

• on wood;
• instrumental.

According to the specified criteria, screws are selected for a specific job.

Question number 2. When are threaded connections used?

Wrap connections are of two types:

• soft - when there is a soft material under the screw itself (for example, wood);
• rigid - the case when it is screwed with a screw solid material(eg metal).

Question number 3. What factors should I pay attention to when using a cordless screwdriver?

When working with such a screwdriver, recoil is felt. This process depends on:

• noises;
• popping nozzles;
• torques.

Question number 4. How to protect yourself from the possibility of slipping bits (nozzles)?

Reasons for slipping bits:

• overall parameters of the nozzle do not correspond to the dimensions of the fastener sockets;
• incorrect installation of the bit in the fastening part of the electric screwdriver. Read also the article: → "".
• misalignment of the tip during operation;
• very strong or very weak pressure of the electronic tool to the fastener.

Consequences for such errors:

• the likelihood of injury to the operator;
• inflicting defects on the workpiece;
• failure of the screwdriver bit;
• fastener damage.

Mistakes when choosing a screwdriver

1. Groove width selection. If the screwdriver tip parameter is selected less than the fastener itself, then in this case heavy scrolling will occur, in the case of using a cross-shaped, a break in the teeth and fastener groove.
2. Choice of thickness. If thickness smaller size fasteners, scrolling will not be clear, additional efforts are possible when turning. With a larger value, the tip of the screwdriver simply will not fit into the groove.
3. Handle material selection. The plastic coating will cause slippage and chafing of hands during prolonged use. The rubber base will help eliminate these defects.
4. Choice of the tip itself. For a reliable working process, it is necessary to use only the tip for a specific fastener. Otherwise, the quality of work will be low and costly.

Screwdrivers

Shops "PROFI" offer a wide range of tools for repairing cell phones, equipment and household appliances.

Available wide range of most for various purposes: screwdrivers, cable cutters, crimping tools, pliers, pliers, tweezers and more.

You can find out more about the full range of tools in our online store:

History of screwdrivers

First, a little history. It is difficult to say when and where the first propeller appeared. The first mention of screws refers to XVI century; it can be assumed that screwdrivers appeared at about the same time. Initially, the shape of the screw head was a rectangle or square. Do not forget that everything was made by hand forging. However, this shape limited the possibility of a strong tightening of the screw, especially in hard-to-reach places.

Then the hex wrench was invented, resulting in a wrench with six settings over a 360° range. Socket wrenches appeared, providing access to the screw head vertically and the possibility of conveniently tightening it with the application of any necessary force.

And, one day, a thought flashed through a person: “Why, in fact, is the key necessary? Why is it not possible to cut a groove in the head and work with the screw using a rod with a flat end? - so the slot appeared, and after it the screwdriver! Why the tool was called a screwdriver, and not a “wrapper” (after all, the screw is first wrapped) remained a mystery.

slots

Many years passed, many slots were “torn off” and screwdrivers were broken before users received a tool that is so necessary in everyday life and production. The design of the screwdriver - the length and diameter of the rod, the shape and dimensions of the handle - began to provide convenient and high-quality work in specific conditions, with specific technological requirements.

On the this moment there are several types of screwdrivers, which is determined by the necessary correspondence between the slotted part of the screwdriver and the slot on the screw (screw, self-tapping screw). Therefore, it is important to immediately clarify this issue.

spline types

	Screwdrivers with a straight slot (flat screwdriver) are referred to in the west as "Slotted" (abbreviated as SL), that is, slotted
	Phillips (or Phillips) screwdrivers are called "Philips" (abbreviated as PH)
	Phillips screwdrivers with additional guides (beams) are "Pozidriv" (abbreviated PZ) screwdrivers.
	Screwdrivers with an internal profiled six-pointed asterisk - TORX screwdrivers (the name is patented by CAMCAR TEXTRON USA). Widely used in cell phone repair
	Phillips screwdrivers with a hole in the center of the working part for the guide are called Philips Tamper Resistant
	Screwdrivers Combo, combining in its working part a cross and a slot
	One type of Phillips screwdriver is the Quadrex. This is a combination of Phillips profile and guide square section(Square)
	Screwdrivers with working part of square section - Square Head. Sometimes the name Robertson is used
	A Square Head screwdriver with an additional hole for the guide is called a Square Tamper Resistant
	Torx screwdrivers also come with a hole in the center of the working part - Torx Tamper Resistant. They are designed for screws with a cylindrical guide in the center of the "sprocket".
	The Torx Plus profile is also patented. The difference from Torx is that the sprocket arms are a little shorter and not as sharp.
	The working part of the Torx Plus Tamper Resistant screwdrivers is already a five-pointed “asterisk” with a hole.
	Hexagonal internal - "Hex driver". By the way, there is a tool that allows you to unscrew (wrap) screws with an internal hexagon at an angle of up to 25 °. These screwdrivers are called "Ballpoint", that is, ballpoint.
	Hexagonal external screwdriver is referred to as "Nutdriver"
	Hex Tamper Resistant screwdrivers have a hole in the center of the hex for the guide.
	Screwdrivers with a specific three-winged working part are called Tri-Wing. This form is also protected by a patent.
	The 4-bladed "analogue" of the Tri-Wing screwdriver is called the Torq-Set (also patented)
	A screwdriver in the form of a two-pronged fork is called Spanner.
	Clutch screwdrivers are made for screws used in Chevrolet and GMC trucks. Practically not used
	One more rare view Eight-wing screwdrivers.
	Linehead screwdrivers for Nintendo and Gameboy game consoles
	Penta-drive screwdrivers with pentagonal profile. Now they hardly ever meet.
	Spline 12-star screwdrivers were used on some Volkswagen models
	Tri-groove screwdriver used in some US electronics
	Triangle screwdrivers are sometimes found in computers, toys.

Dimensions

It must be remembered that each shape of the slot has its own standard sizes. When working with fasteners, it is very important to use the right screwdriver in shape and size. This will preserve the slot of the screw, extend the life of the screwdriver, ensure fast and high-quality work, and most importantly, prevent possible injuries. Precisely made working part of a screwdriver is one of the components of its quality.

Screwdriver rod

The properties and quality of the material from which the screwdriver shaft is made, as well as how it is heat-treated (“hardened”), are also very important. The soft slot of the screwdriver will collapse (curl), and too hard (“overheated”) will break (“burst”) even with normal effort during operation. A little more about the screwdriver shaft: usually the shaft is made round section, but there are screwdrivers on which a hexagonal or square rod is used to increase the torque, or a special hexagonal thickening is made at the base of the handle. You can work with such a screwdriver, helping with a key to increase torque. They are sometimes called "strength".

Screwdriver handle

The main purpose of the screwdriver handle is to transmit torque to the working part. The shape, size and material of the handle can be very different and are determined not only by design requirements, but also by the individual characteristics of the user (ergonomic requirements). So, someone has a wide palm with short fingers, while someone has a narrow one with long ones, while different handles are needed: longer or shorter, larger diameter or smaller. Handle material can be very different: wood, plastic, rubber. And here you need individual choice: the tree is good, but not strong enough, but not everyone likes rubber - the hand sweats, although the grip of this handle is complete.

The ergonomic shape provides for the transmission of high torque a zone of large radius at the end of the handle with a wide round "nape" without sharp edges, and closer to the rod - a narrow section ("waist"). It allows you to quickly twist the tool with your fingers.

The shape of the handle can be very different - the main requirement for it is a secure grip - so that the hand does not slip with the necessary effort. And further. The end of the handle must be well-finished, smooth, so as not to rub the palm during intensive work.

In addition, for most "round" models, a couple of edges are specially ground off so that the screwdriver does not roll off inclined planes. The "holes" towards the end of the handle are hanging holes (this makes it easier to store the tool).

The most common handles are plastic, but they are very different. As a rule, handles are made of powdered and molded plastics. The first - more solid, but fragile - are afraid of blows, falls; the second - more elastic, but softer - this is easy to verify with the help of any cutting tool. First by appearance more glossy, shiny; the second ones are dull, dull, slightly “soapy” to the touch (however, this does not interfere with work with a good shape of the handle, “on the hand”).

Many manufacturers now produce screwdrivers with combined handles: two-component, three-component. Polypropylene, elastomers, rubber are used in this case. Such handles are the most functional: they are durable and do not collapse even with the maximum applied force, provide a secure grip of the tool by hand, and are pleasant to the touch.

For hard-to-reach places short screwdrivers(short shank, short handle) "barrel" type, extra-long screwdrivers, where the length of the shaft is much greater than the length of the handle. Convenient: I crawled with a long sting through all the protrusions and holes of the structure and twisted the “boring and inconvenient” screw! And, of course, you can not miss the so-called "T-handles" made for screwdrivers designed to work in difficult conditions, "heavy duty", capable of realizing the maximum force at the point of application.

Let's take a closer look at the types of screwdrivers and start our review with a regular flathead screwdriver. Screwdrivers with a flat, straight slot (sting) will exist for a very long time, as long as fasteners with a straight slot are produced. Their main parameter - the size of the sting, is determined by two numbers, for example: 0.5x4 - this is a sting 0.5 mm thick and 4 mm wide.

There should be a screwdriver for each size of the head and slot of the fastener. So, if the diameter of the fastener head is 6 mm, and the width of the slot is 0.8 mm, then the tip of the screwdriver should be no more than 6 mm and no less than 5 mm wide, and its thickness should be at least 0.7 mm. This will ensure the convenience and quality of work, guarantee the reliability of fastening, maintaining the integrity of the slot and the screwdriver itself.

In addition, there were flat screwdrivers with notches applied on the planes of the sting, which increases the friction between the screwdriver and the slot of the fastener; screwdrivers of all types with a diamond coating of the working part; with hard-alloy working part; with a magnetized working part for holding fasteners (made of ordinary steel).

In a chain of stores "PROFI" we can buy straight screwdrivers for every taste. We invite you to familiarize yourself with some of them.

Phillips screwdriver

Initially, the shape of the cross slot was quite complex, because in addition to the “cross” itself, it had a cylindrical recess in its center (approximately 2 mm in diameter and about 3 mm deep) - the shape of the screwdriver corresponded to it. However, practice has shown that this guide on a screwdriver is not technically and economically justified, and the guide was abandoned, leaving just a “cross”.

What is the revolutionary character of the "cross"? It allows you to securely fix the screwdriver in the slot, does not “slip off” and when correct work almost completely excludes the possibility of damage, "breakdown" of the slot - the occurrence of burrs, violations of the anti-corrosion coating of fasteners. The area of ​​working contact between the surfaces of the "cross" and the screwdriver is almost twice as large as with a straight slot.

Philips type screwdrivers are referred to as PH. Below is a table that indicates the limits of the use of Phillips screwdrivers in accordance with the dimensions of the fasteners:

The length of the screwdriver shaft of the same number may be different for different types of work. In everyday life, medium sizes are mainly used. When repairing cell phones, short screwdrivers can be used.

Phillips screwdriver Pozidriv

Pozidriv (Pozidrayv) is a registered trademark. It designates a class of screws and Phillips screwdrivers. The Pozidriv is an improved version of the Phillips cross slot. Unlike Phillips screws, the deep edges of the side surfaces of the Pozidriv tip do not thin out, but run parallel to each other.

The distinguishing feature of Pozidriv screws from Philips screws is the internal corners Pozidrive screw heads thin radial lines.

Pozidriv screwdrivers have the same edges between the main lugs of the cross and are marked PZ. In addition, they also indicate the size in ascending order (for example, in ascending order - PZ 000, PZ 00, PZ 0, PZ 1, PZ 2, PZ 3, etc.).

Screwdrivers Torx (asterisk)

Screwdrivers of this form are of particular interest to cell phone repairmen. Almost all modern phone models use screws with a slot in the form of a six-pointed asterisk. Screws and screws of similar shape are also found in computer components, for example, in hard drives. This form is called TORX and was developed by the American company Camcar. People not familiar with this name usually use the words star or star. The developers of the new screwdriver shape wanted to create a more reliable tool that outperforms standard straight and Phillips screwdrivers in all respects for mass use in assembly shops.

In addition to assembling cell phones, the TORX system is used in the automotive industry, bicycle construction, computers, and consumer electronics.

To indicate the dimensions of the system TORX capital letter is used T followed by a number. For example, T5, T6, T10 and so on (than more number, topics larger size screwdrivers). T3, T4, T5, T6, T7 sizes are commonly used for cell phone repair.

Camcar later developed an improved version TORX Plus. There is also a Tamper-Resistant TORX version (Torx TR for short) that has a protrusion in the center that prevents the use of standard TORX screwdrivers, as well as straight and Phillips screwdrivers.

There is also an external version of TORX, which we will not consider. Phillips screwdriver (Pozidrive) WIHA PicoFinish

A set of six TORX screwdrivers (star), designed for repairing cell phones and radio and electrical equipment.

Pentalobe screwdrivers

More recently, Apple has begun to use new screws in its products, which are called. The screws have a non-standard head. To work with these screws, you need to have special screwdriver with five divergent petals. Apple wants to limit unskilled access to its products in this way: iPhone 4, iPad, MacBook Pro.

The first iPhone 4s had standard-head screws on the back, but after a while pentalobe screws took their place. Now, if the owner contacts an official service center for iPhone 4 service, the device is returned with pentalobe screws, even if the cover was previously fastened with standard screws.

Screwdriver sets

electric screwdriver

IN Lately electric screwdrivers are gaining more and more popularity. The indisputable convenience of cordless tools should be noted - they are autonomous, do not require a mains connection, extension cords, adapters, etc., they are electrically safe when working outdoors, even at high humidity.

Due to the popularity of this tool, there are a great many different types and features of screwdrivers. It can be Phillips, flat, asterisks, multi-sided screwdrivers, screwdrivers and screwdrivers for precision work.

The most commonly used type of screwdriver is the Phillips screwdriver.

Screwdrivers are made in various sizes. A Phillips screwdriver is used for most self-tapping screws and screws. For ease of use of the tool for these purposes, the tip of a Phillips screwdriver is often magnetized.

A slotted screwdriver, or, as it is often called, a flat screwdriver, is used when tightening and unscrewing all kinds of screws and screws. It is used much less frequently than a Phillips screwdriver. The dimensions of a slotted screwdriver are measured in millimeters by measuring the width of the tip of the screwdriver.

impact screwdriver

In order to unscrew especially strongly tightened screw or a screw, use an impact screwdriver. The principle of its operation is that the energy that occurs at the moment of hitting the screwdriver with a hammer is directed to unscrew the screw. Moreover, the twisting force is very high. Along with an impact screwdriver, the kit comes with all kinds of nozzles, both Phillips and slotted. As a rule, they are all pretty big size, since an impact screwdriver is used mainly when working with big details and designs. impact screwdriver do not work with small structures and devices, because they are easy to break by hitting a screwdriver with a hammer.

Cordless screwdriver

If you have to rotate quite often threaded connections, then a cordless screwdriver will come in handy. This is especially true when working with household appliances. You cannot turn the screws with a cordless screwdriver, because it has a small tightening force. For self-tapping screws, there is such a tool as a screwdriver.

Screwdriver sets

There are also more specific types of screwdrivers. For example, these are screwdrivers for repairing cell phones. They are usually sold as a set, which consists of various small Phillips, slotted, asterisk and two-pronged screwdrivers. Also sold as a set and watch screwdrivers.

It is quite convenient to buy screwdrivers in whole sets, since you never know in advance where and when this or that screwdriver may come in handy.

Screwdrivers with interchangeable bits

There are screwdrivers with interchangeable heads. At the end of such a screwdriver there is a connector where various nozzles are inserted. Nozzles for such screwdrivers are usually sold as a kit. But if any nozzle is missing, it can be bought separately.

trident screwdriver

It is worth noting separately such a type of screwdriver as a trident. It is mainly used when it is necessary to repair modern household appliances.

Dielectric screwdriver

For work in conditions of electrical voltage, a dielectric screwdriver is useful. The handle of such a screwdriver is made of a material that does not conduct electricity, so with it, holding on to a dielectric handle, you can work with parts that are under electrical voltage. Often, screwdrivers have handles made of rubberized material. These are not necessarily dielectric screwdrivers. The rubberized handle may just be so that the hand does not slip during operation.

To determine the phase in an electrician, you can use a probe screwdriver. It is also suitable for checking whether any part is energized or not. To check, you need to put the sting into the socket, or to the part, and touch the top of the screwdriver with your finger. If there is voltage, then the diode located inside the screwdriver will light up. Such a screwdriver can be useful in household when checking outlets. A probe screwdriver can also be used as a regular screwdriver, but it is usually made quite flimsy and it is best not to subject it to much stress.

Screwdrivers with ratchet and reverse function

At long work with screwdrivers, you need to think about buying a screwdriver with a ratchet and reverse function. Using these screwdrivers, there is no need to constantly intercept the handle. You just need to rotate the brush, without letting go of the screwdriver handle.

Nowadays, it is quite easy to find the right screwdriver, because the choice of screwdrivers is very large, and they are sold everywhere in various hardware and tool stores.