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Cleaning boilers from scale is the key to their long-term operation. Cleaning heating boilers from scale

Heating boilers is the heart of the heating system. Can't imagine without them comfortable accommodation in any home. But boilers, like any other device, require attention. Periodically it is necessary to Maintenance. One of these jobs is cleaning. Soot accumulates inside the combustion chamber, which needs to be disposed of. And what is the best way to do it? What methods do professionals use?

How to clean the boiler from soot

When using any fuel, combustion products remain. Some of them exit through the chimney along with the smoke. But even in the furnace or combustion chamber there are a lot of them. If the accumulated soot is not removed, then the boiler power will gradually decrease. The efficiency of the device will also begin to decrease. And this means that the funds spent on fuel will simply “fly away into the pipe”, without bringing benefits. Therefore, it is required to periodically clean the boiler from accumulated combustion products.

How to do it? There is little choice here. You can entrust this work to professionals. In this case, cleaning will be performed efficiently. The disadvantage of this method is the need to spend additional funds.

The second option most often chosen by homeowners is to do all the work yourself. In this case, the advantage is in cost savings. But there is also a drawback. To carry out cleaning, it is often necessary to disassemble the device, which not everyone can do.

Methods for cleaning boilers

If the homeowner decides to carry out the maintenance of the heating device of the heating system himself, then first you need to decide on the method that he will apply. There are several ways to clean boilers. Can be used almost cost-free mechanical method. Almost everyone used this method until quite recently. With the development of technology, other options have appeared. Today, cleaning is carried out using chemicals or hydrodynamic devices.

Chemical cleaning

Here special preparations are used. Chemical cleaning can be done in two ways:

Important! When working with chemicals safety must be kept in mind. All operations are carried out with protective gloves and goggles.

mechanical cleaning

The "cheapest" way. No need to purchase for cleaning. special means. All manipulations are carried out using brushes or scrapers. Often, the necessary tools are already included with the boiler.

Care must be taken when performing mechanical cleaning. Some parts may be sensitive to scratches. If their surface is spoiled, then the boiler will soon require expensive repairs.

Hydrodynamic cleaning

It will not work to remove accumulated soot in the boiler in this way without additional equipment. Hydrodynamic cleaning uses a special device with a water tank. It creates pressure high pressure, which removes accumulations on the walls of the boilers.

This method has a number of limitations. Firstly, those containers that need to be cleaned must have sufficient strength. Otherwise, the walls may be damaged. Secondly, outlet holes must be free. Water under pressure must exit the boiler so as not to “break” it.

Hydrodynamic cleaning is used in cases where the thickness of accumulations is small. If there is a lot of soot, then this method is not suitable. At the same time, the cleaning itself takes place quickly and efficiently.

Booster cleaning

Here, just as in the case of hydrodynamic cleaning, you need optional equipment. This device is called a booster. The equipment is a water pump with a tank. Also, to increase efficiency, boosters are equipped with heating elements.

This cleaning method can be considered part of chemical method. Here, aggressive substances are most often used instead of water. Hydrochloric and phosphoric acid or solvents are used. Additional heating of the aggressive liquid significantly increases the processing efficiency.

The principle of operation is simple. The booster is connected to the boiler and to the entire heating system. When the device is started, the heated aggressive liquid circulates and corrodes all deposits that are discharged into the tank.

Attention! Since flushing is carried out under pressure, it is necessary to choose the right booster. It is important to choose optimal indicator pump capacity and sufficient volume of the tank for flushing liquid.

How often should the boiler be cleaned

Maintenance of any device should be carried out according to the schedule recommended by the manufacturer. By general recommendations The heating system boiler must be cleaned at least once every two years. Almost everyone modern devices It's enough. Boiler failure during the winter can lead to serious consequences. To prevent this, experts recommend cleaning before each heating season.

As a result, heat transfer through contaminated walls deteriorates.

This causes the following negative phenomena:

Local overheating of the boiler walls, resulting in the formation of bulges and fistulas;

Ruptures of flame, boiler, screen and fire tubes and explosions of boilers;

Decreased heat and steam output of boilers;

Fuel overrun:

Cleaning boilers from scale carried out mechanical and chemical methods.

mechanical cleaning boilers from scale is carried out using manual and mechanical tools.

Hand tool include scrapers, scrapers, metal brushes.

To a mechanical tool include non-scattered (see fig. 54) and spreading (see fig. 55) heads driven through a flexible shaft from an electric motor or air turbine.

Rice. 54(a). Non-spreading OP heads for cleaning open surfaces:

I- single row; II - two-row;

III - three-row; IV- four-row:

1 - head axis

2 - engraver washer

3 - rear flange

4 - gear axis

5 - gear

6 - front flange

Rice. 54(b). Fixed elliptical heads for pipe cleaning:

1 - axis of the head

2 - elliptical head.

Rice. 55. Spread heads

for pipe cleaning:

1 - head axis

2 - head body

3 - axis of earrings

4 - earring

5 - gear axis

6 - gears.

During mechanical cleaning, the walls of the drums and collectors, the so-called open surfaces, are first cleaned. To do this, use special heads OP (open surface). The heads of the OP are equipped with cutters mounted on the axis. When rotated by an electric motor or an air turbine, the cutters rotate together with the head, cleaning off scale from the walls against which the head is pressed with its teeth. OP heads are one-, two-, three- and four-row.

Descaling with application hand tool produced in places inaccessible for cleaning mechanical tool(at the corners of the connection of partitions, near the protruding ends of pipes, etc.)

Descaling with a hammer sharp ends, the so-called clavache, is strictly prohibited, since this damages the metal surface of the drum to a depth of 0.5-1.0 mm which promotes corrosion.

The surface cleaned with a manual or mechanical tool is washed with a stream of water, and then the quality of cleaning is checked.

The screen and boiler pipes are cleaned after cleaning the drums and collectors. For this, other heads are used, which differ from the heads of the OP in that the axes of the cutters are attached to the head on hinges. When the head rotates, these axes, together with the cutters, diverge to the sides due to the action of centrifugal force, press against the pipe wall and clean it of scale. Such heads for cleaning pipes are called spreading.

In all cases, pipes are cleaned with cutters while simultaneously washing the places of cleaning with water. In this case, the cutters are cooled and scale is washed off, which clogs the space between the teeth of the cutters. During cleaning, the flexible shaft should not be passed into the pipe below the fixed clamp to prevent the head from coming out of the lower end of the pipe and breaking the cutters.

Chemical cleaning of boilers:

For chemical cleaning technical hydrochloric acid is used. The concentration of the acid solution depends on the thickness of the scale layer. For every 1 mm scales use 1% acid solution. A solution with a concentration below 3% and above 10% is not used. Instead of a concentration above 10%, a second flush is done with a fresh solution of the previous concentration.

Heating and, moreover, boiling the solution in the boiler is not allowed, as this will lead to corrosive destruction of the walls, intensive release of harmful vapors and carbon dioxide. Even with the normal process of chemical cleaning of boilers with a solution of hydrochloric acid, it is necessary to take safety measures: turn on the ventilation of the boiler room, and in its absence, open windows and doors; personnel must work in overalls and goggles.

To reduce the destructive effect of hydrochloric acid on the metal walls of the boiler, it is necessary to add to its solution passivator about 1/10 of the acid. In the role of passivators, technical urotropine, wood glue, hemp cake are used.

Used for chemical cleaning washing machines, including:

Tanks for preparing acid solution;

Acid pump;

Hoses for supplying the solution to the boiler and draining the solution into the tank.

When the solution is pumped through the boiler, the scale rapidly dissolves with intense evolution of gas and foam. The end of the process is determined by the termination of the release of CO 2 and foam. Then water is added to the solution and released into the sewer. After that, the boiler is washed clean water until the water becomes clear. To neutralize the boiler, the boiler is washed with NaOH of the same concentration as the acid solution, and then with clean water, and the cleaning quality is inspected. It is not recommended to do acid flushing of boilers more than 2-3 times during the entire period of operation of the boiler. During cleaning, it is necessary to monitor the content of iron in the solution. Cleaning is done under the supervision of a specialist chemist.

Regular mechanical cleaning of boilers performed by the masters of our company - best way getting rid of scale and sludge. The presence of plaque on the inner walls leads to a decrease in the efficiency of boiler equipment and a decrease in service life. IN advanced cases possible through destruction of the metal.

How we are working?

mechanical cleaning Boilers are a highly demanded area of the company's activity, therefore we approach the implementation of tasks of any complexity with all seriousness. Cleaning the inner walls of boiler equipment is an inevitable procedure, since chemical composition water used in the operation of hot water and steam plants depends on the efficiency of the system.
Scale and sludge that forms on internal surfaces heat exchange devices and boilers, affects water quality. Scale is a dense coating on hot water, smoke and boiler pipes, as well as other heating elements. Sludge is the collective name for insoluble substances that form either sediment or secondary scale.
The main reason for the appearance of formations is excess allowable rate salts and excess mineralization working fluid. In the absence of mechanical cleaning, hard, dense and constantly growing deposits reduce heat transfer and lead to defects on the walls of boiler equipment. The following actions are performed:

release of water-heating capacity from water;
removal and subsequent installation of intra-drum devices;
processing of pipes, drums and collectors with hand tools (hard brushes and pointed scrapers);
the use of a cutter, which is driven by electric motor through a flexible shaft;
washing the treated boiler equipment with water;
diagnostics of the internal surfaces of the boiler after cleaning.

If difficulties arise in the course of work, in order to achieve desired results resort to chemical washing. Despite the apparent simplicity of the procedure, it is not recommended to trust its implementation to non-professionals. The financial costs in case of damage to the equipment exceed the cost of the service performed by experienced employees.

Favorable value for money

The advantage of contacting us is an attractive cost and high-quality performance of services. The employees of the company have developed effective methods mechanical cleaning, maintenance-proven heating equipment all types. Turning to us, customers of services are guided by the following advantages:

professional level of masters based on work experience and a large amount of theoretical knowledge;
execution of orders of any level of complexity;
openness to cooperation with manufacturers of boiler equipment, service stations and private entrepreneurs;
individual approach and willingness to meet halfway when solving non-standard tasks;
Availability necessary tools and improvised means;
provision of a long-term guarantee for services;
compliance with safety rules and the utmost accuracy of work.

Mechanical cleaning performed by professional staff is the key to trouble-free operation and long term boiler service. If you want to use the service, hurry up to place an order!

Previously, when the furnace served as a heating system, there were no problems getting rid of soot. Yes, and such a profession as a chimney sweep was held in high esteem. Now many people use boilers as a heating system. But in order to ensure smooth operation, it is necessary to observe simple terms and clean them in time, as well as carry out preventive examination equipment.

To answer this question, you need to know which boiler is in the house: volatile or mechanical.

Volatile are further divided into:

processing gas;
electrical installations;
solid fuel and liquid fuel equipment;
combined models.

Volatile boilers can turn off for a number of reasons:

surges and surges in power lines
lack of electricity
failure of factory settings.

Often used in homes: AOGV, Zhukovsky boiler, gas "Ochag", Lemax, Signal, Conord.

Mechanical can work intermittently due to wind flow into the chimney. In addition, due to insufficient oxygen, the flame can go out. You should pay attention to the hood (for cheaper models it is not always present).

When the chimney is contaminated, modern devices have an alert system that will notify you of problems and the need for cleaning.

Cleaning methods

Cleaning is carried out in two ways: mechanical and chemical

mechanical cleaning

The method of cleaning is imperfect and involves mechanical action. Soot should be carefully removed so as not to damage the inner surface of the boiler and parts, which in the future can lead to metal corrosion. Often the tools that come with the boiler are brushes, brushes and scrapers. It is also possible to use air cleaning, when warm air is supplied under pressure.