Is it difficult to make an electric motor with your own hands? Do-it-yourself electric motor. Basic Tutorial How to Make an Electric Motor at Home

And today we will talk about how to make a fully working model of an electric motor from a battery, copper wire and a magnet. Such a layout can be used as a craft on the table of a home electrician, as a good example for explaining the principles of operation of such mechanisms, and simply as a fun trinket that you can give to a loved one. To make it is quite simple and everyone can do it, you can put it together with your child, which will be great fun. Next, we will provide detailed instructions with photo and video examples so that the assembly of the simplest motor is understandable and affordable!

Step 1 - Prepare materials

To make the simplest magnetic motor with your own hands, you will need the following materials at hand:

Having prepared all the necessary materials, you can proceed to the assembly of the simplest electric motor that runs on just one battery. Making a small electric motor at home is not difficult, as you will see now!

Step 2 - Putting together a homemade

So, in order for the instruction to be understandable for you, it is better to consider it step by step with pictures that will help you visually understand the assembly principle.

We immediately draw your attention to the fact that you can remake and improve the design of a home-made small engine in your own way. For example, below we will provide you with a few video tutorials that may help you make your own version of the engine from a battery, copper wire and a magnet.

What to do if homemade does not work

If suddenly you have assembled a perpetual electric motor with your own hands, but it does not rotate, do not rush to get upset. The most common reason for the lack of rotation of the motor is too much distance between the magnet and the coil. In this case, you only need to trim the legs a little, on which the rotating part rests.

Also check whether you have cleaned the ends of the coil well and whether contact is ensured in this place. The symmetry of the coil also plays an important role, so try to do everything carefully and slowly.

Almost everything in our life depends on electricity, but there are certain technologies that allow us to get rid of local wired energy. We propose to consider how to make a magnetic motor with your own hands, its principle of operation, scheme and device.

Types and principles of operation

There is a concept of perpetual motion machines of the first order and the second. First order are devices that produce energy by themselves, from the air, second type- these are engines that need to receive energy, it can be wind, sunlight, water, etc., and they already convert it into electricity. According to the first law of thermodynamics, both of these theories are impossible, but many scientists disagree with this statement, and they began the development of second-order perpetual motion machines powered by magnetic field energy.

Photo - Dudyshev's magnetic motor

A huge number of scientists have worked on the development of the "perpetual motion machine" at all times, the greatest contribution to the development of the theory of the magnetic motor was made by Nikola Tesla, Nikolai Lazarev, Vasily Shkondin, the variants of Lorentz, Howard Johnson, Minato and Perendev are also well known.

Photo - Lorenz magnetic motor

Each of them has its own technology, but they are all based on the magnetic field that is formed around the source. It is worth noting that "perpetual" motion machines do not exist in principle, because magnets lose their abilities after about 300-400 years.

The simplest is homemade a Lorenz anti-gravity magnetic thruster. It works at the expense of two differently charged disks that are connected to a power source. The discs are half placed in a hemispherical magnetic screen, the field of which they begin to gently rotate. Such a superconductor very easily pushes the magnetic field out of itself.

Protozoa Tesla asynchronous electromagnetic motor based on the principle of a rotating magnetic field, and is able to produce electricity from its energy. An insulated metal plate is placed as high as possible above ground level. Another metal plate is placed in the ground. The wire is passed through a metal plate on one side of the capacitor and the next conductor goes from the base of the plate to the other side of the capacitor. The opposite pole of the capacitor, being connected to ground, is used as a reservoir for storing negative energy charges.

Photo - Tesla magnetic motor

Rotary ring Lazarev so far it is considered the only working VD2, in addition, it is easy to reproduce, you can assemble it yourself at home, having improvised tools in use. The photo shows a diagram of a simple Lazarev ring engine:

Photo - Koltsar Lazarev

The diagram shows that the container is divided into two parts by a special porous partition; Lazarev himself used a ceramic disk for this. A tube is installed in this disk, and the container is filled with liquid. You can even pour plain water for the experiment, but it is advisable to use a volatile solution, for example, gasoline.

The work is carried out as follows: with the help of a partition, the solution enters the lower part of the tank, and due to pressure it moves up through the tube. So far, this is only perpetual motion, not dependent on external factors. In order to build a perpetual motion machine, you need to place a wheel under the dripping liquid. On the basis of this technology, the simplest self-rotating magnetic electric motor of constant motion was created, a patent was registered for one Russian company. It is necessary to install a wheel with blades under the dropper, and place magnets directly on them. Due to the formed magnetic field, the wheel will start to rotate faster, water will be pumped faster and a permanent magnetic field will be formed.

Shkondin linear motor made a kind of revolution in progress. This device is very simple in design, but at the same time incredibly powerful and productive. Its engine is called a wheel in a wheel, and it is mainly used in the modern transportation industry. According to reviews, a motorcycle with a Shkondin engine can travel 100 kilometers on a couple of liters of gasoline. The magnetic system works for full repulsion. In the wheel-in-wheel system, there are paired coils, inside of which another coils are connected in series, they form a double pair, which has different magnetic fields, due to which they move in different directions and a control valve. An autonomous motor can be installed on a car, a fuel-free motorcycle with a magnetic motor will not surprise anyone, devices with such a coil are often used for a bicycle or a wheelchair. You can buy a finished device on the Internet for 15,000 rubles (made in China), the V-Gate starter is especially popular.

Photo - Shkondin Engine

Alternate Perendeve Engine- This is a device that works solely thanks to magnets. Two circles are used - static and dynamic, on each of them in equal sequence, magnets are located. Due to the self-repelling free force, the inner circle rotates indefinitely. This system has been widely used in the provision of independent energy in the household and industry.

Photo - Engine Perendeva

All of the inventions listed above are under development, modern scientists continue to improve them and look for the ideal option for developing a second-order perpetual motion machine.

In addition to these devices, the Alekseenko vortex engine, Bauman, Dudyshev and Stirling devices are also popular with modern researchers.

How to assemble the engine yourself

Homemade products are in great demand on any electrician forum, so let's look at how you can assemble a magnetic motor-generator at home. The fixture that we propose to construct consists of 3 interconnected shafts, they are fastened in such a way that the shaft in the center is turned directly to the two side ones. Attached to the middle of the central shaft is a disk of lucite, four inches in diameter, and half an inch thick. The outer shafts are also equipped with two inch discs. There are small magnets on them, eight pieces on a large disk and four on small ones.

Photo - Suspended magnetic motor

The axis on which the individual magnets are located is in a plane parallel to the shafts. They are installed in such a way that the ends pass near the wheels with a flash of a minute. If these wheels are moved by hand, then the ends of the magnetic axis will be synchronized. To speed up, it is recommended to install an aluminum bar in the base of the system so that its end slightly touches the magnetic parts. After such manipulations, the structure should begin to rotate at a speed of half a turn in one second.

The drives are installed in a special way, with the help of which the shafts rotate similarly to each other. Naturally, if you act on the system with a third-party object, for example, with a finger, then it will stop. This perpetual motion machine was invented by Bauman, but he failed to obtain a patent, because. at that time, the device was classified as non-proprietary VD.

Chernyaev and Emelyanchikov did a lot to develop a modern version of such an engine.

Photo - The principle of operation of the magnet

What are the advantages and disadvantages of actually working magnetic motors

Advantages:

1. Complete autonomy, fuel economy, the ability to organize the engine from improvised means in any desired place;
2. A powerful device on neodymium magnets is capable of providing energy to a living space up to 10 W and above;
3. The gravitational engine is able to work until it is completely worn out, and even at the last steel of work it gives out the maximum amount of energy.

Flaws:

1. The magnetic field can adversely affect human health, especially the space (jet) engine is subject to this factor;
2. Despite the positive results of the experiments, most models are not able to work under normal conditions;
3. Even after acquiring a ready-made motor, it can be very difficult to connect it;
4. If you decide to buy a magnetic impulse or piston engine, then be prepared for the fact that its price will be greatly inflated.

The operation of a magnetic motor is pure truth and it is real, the main thing is to correctly calculate the power of the magnets.

To understand how to make an electric motor with your own hands, you need to remember how it works and how it works.

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If you follow the instructions step by step, it is not so difficult to make an electric motor yourself. The motor will serve for your projects.

The cost of manufacturing an electric motor will be minimal, since you can make an electric motor with your own hands from improvised means.

First of all, you need to stock up on the necessary materials:

• bolts;
• a bicycle spoke;
• nuts;
• electrical tape;
• copper wire;
• a metal plate;
• super and hot glue;
• plywood;
• washers.

You can not do without such tools:

• electric drills;
• stationery knife;
• pliers;
• grinding machine;
• hammer;
• scissors;
• soldering iron;
• tweezers;
• sewed.

Manufacturing process

You need to start work on making an electric motor with your own hands by making five plates, in which you later need to drill a hole in the center with an electric drill and put it on the axle - a bicycle spoke.

Pressing the plates tightly against each other, fix their ends with electrical tape, cutting off the excess with a clerical knife. If the axles are uneven, they need to be sharpened.

When an electric current passes through the coil, the latter creates a magnetic field around itself, which does not differ from the field of an ordinary magnet, but disappears when the current is turned off. This property can be used to attract and release metal objects by turning the current on and off.

As an experiment, you can make a circuit consisting of a button and an electromagnet, which this button will help turn on and off.

The circuit is powered by a 12V computer power supply. If the axis with the plates is installed next to the electromagnet and the current is turned on, then they will be attracted and one of the sides will turn towards the electromagnet.

If the current is first turned on, and turned off at the moment when the plates came as close as possible to the electromagnet, then they will fly by inertia, making a revolution.

If the moment is guessed constantly, and the current is turned on, they will rotate. In order to do this at the right time, a current breaker is needed.

Making a current interrupter

Again, you need a small plate, which you need to fix on the axis, pressing it with pliers so that the fastening is secure. How it should look, the video will help you understand:

Video: How to make an electric motor

One of the contacts is connected to a metal plate, and an axis is installed on top of it. Since the axis, plate and breaker are metal, current will flow through them. By touching the breaker contact, the circuit can be closed and opened, which will allow the electromagnet to be connected and disconnected at the right time.

The resulting do-it-yourself rotating structure is called an armature in DC motors, and a stationary electromagnet interacting with the armature is called an inductor.

The armature in AC motors is called the rotor, and the inductor is called the stator. The names are sometimes confused, but this is wrong.

Frame making

It must be done so that the design of the electric motor is not held by hand. The base material is plywood.

DIY inductor

In plywood we will make two holes for an M6 bolt 25 mm long, on which we will place the motor coils later. We screw the nuts onto the bolts and cut out three parts for connecting the bolts (supports).

The supports have two functions: they will rely on the axis of the armature of the electric motor, made by hand, the second - they will serve as a magnetic circuit that will connect the bolts. Under them you need to make holes (by eye, since this does not require special accuracy). The plates are connected together and placed from below, pressing with bolts. Putting the coil on the bolts, we get a kind of horseshoe-shaped magnet.

To fix the motor armature in a vertical position, you need to make a sheet metal frame (bracket). We drill three holes in it: one along the diameter of the axis and two on the sides for screws (for fastening).

Coil manufacturing

To make them, you will need a strip of cardboard and thin paper (see dimensions on the drawing). Having removed the bolt from the base, we wind a thick strip on it in 4-5 layers, fixing it with 2 layers of electrical tape. The strip stays tight enough. Carefully remove it to wind the wire.

After the wire is wound, we take out the paper from the inside with tweezers, cut off the extra layers so that the coil can be easily put on the bolt. We cut off the excess from the coil, taking into account the fact that there will still be cheeks on top and bottom, which are necessary so that the wire does not slip during operation of the electric motor. In the same way, we make the second coil with our own hands and proceed to the manufacture of cheeks.

How to make cheeks with your own hands?

We put thick paper on the nut, and punch a hole from above with a bolt. Make it easy. Then putting the paper on the bolt, put the washer on top and cut it out, after circling it with a pencil. It turns out it is in the form of a similar puck.

In total, you need to make 4 such parts to install on the bolt from above and below. We wind the nut on the upper cheek, placing a metal washer and fix both cheeks with hot glue. The frame, which is made by hand, is ready.

Now it remains to wind a wire (500 turns) varnished with a diameter of 0.2 mm on it. We twist the beginning and end of the wire so that it does not unwind. Having unscrewed the nut, I removed the bolt - a beautiful little coil remains.

We free the ends of the wire from varnish using a clerical knife, tin, install on the bolt. Do the same with the second coil.

So that the plates and the current interrupter do not scroll on the axis, it is recommended to glue them with superglue.

Now we connect the coils in series to check the operation of the electric motor. Plus, we connect to the beginning of the winding (from the side of the bolt head). With the help of a sliding contact, we find the position in which the electric motor works as efficiently as possible.

Such contacts are called brushes in electric motors. In order not to hold the latter with your hands, you need brush holders that are glued to superglue, lubricating the points of friction of the axis with oil.

By connecting the coils in parallel, we increase the current (since the coils have resistance), therefore, the power of the electric motor will increase. That is, coils can be represented as resistances.

And when they are connected in parallel, the total resistance decreases, which means that the current increases. When connected in series, everything happens exactly the opposite.

And, since the current through the coil increases, then the magnetic field is greater, and the armature of the electric motor is more strongly attracted to the electromagnet.

Video: Electric motor in a few minutes

It is always interesting to observe changing phenomena, especially if you yourself participate in the creation of these phenomena. Now we will assemble the simplest (but really working) electric motor, consisting of a power source, a magnet and a small coil of wire, which we ourselves will make.

There is a secret that will make this set of items become an electric motor. A secret that is both clever and amazingly simple. Here's what we need:

1.5V battery or accumulator.

Holder with contacts for the battery.

• 1 meter of wire with enamel insulation (diameter 0.8-1 mm).

  0.3 meters of bare wire (diameter 0.8-1 mm).

We'll start by winding the coil, the part of the motor that will spin. To make the coil sufficiently even and round, we wind it on a suitable cylindrical frame, for example, on an AA battery.

Leaving 5 cm of wire free at each end, we wind 15-20 turns on a cylindrical frame.

Don't try to wind the spool too tightly and evenly, a small degree of freedom will help the spool retain its shape better.

Now carefully remove the coil from the frame, trying to maintain the resulting shape.

Then wrap the free ends of the wire several times around the coils to keep the shape, making sure that the new binding coils are exactly opposite each other.

The coil should look like this:

Now it's time for the secret, the feature that will make the motor work. It's a secret because it's a subtle and non-obvious trick, and it's very hard to detect when the motor is running. Even people who know a lot about the operation of engines may be surprised by the ability of the motor to work until they discover this subtlety.

Holding the spool upright, place one of the free ends of the spool on the edge of a table. With a sharp knife, remove the top half of the insulation, leaving the bottom half in the enamel insulation.

Do the same with the other end of the coil, making sure that the bare ends of the wire are pointing up at the two free ends of the coil.

What is the meaning of this approach? The coil will lie on two holders made of bare wire. These holders will be attached to different ends of the battery so that current can flow from one holder through the coil to the other holder. But this will only happen when the bare halves of the wire are lowered down, touching the holders.

Now you need to make support for the coil. They are simply coils of wire that support the coil and allow it to spin. They are made of bare wire, since in addition to supporting the coil, they must deliver an electric current to it.

Simply wrap each piece of bare wire around a small nail and you've got the right part for our engine.

The foundation of our first the electric motor will be the battery holder. This will be a suitable base, because with the battery installed, it will be heavy enough to the motor did not shake.

Assemble the five pieces together as shown in the picture (without the magnet at first). Place a magnet on top of the battery and gently push the coil...

If done correctly, THE COIL WILL START SPINING FAST! We hope that you, as in our experiment, will work the first time.

If, nevertheless, the motor does not work, carefully check all electrical connections. Does the coil rotate freely? Is the magnet close enough (if not, install additional magnets or cut wire holders)?

When the motor starts, the only thing you need to pay attention to is that the battery does not overheat, since the current is large enough. Just remove the coil and the circuit will be broken.

Who would have thought that the simplest inverter can be made without the use of transistors, microcircuits and complex circuits. I showed you last time. As it turned out, this is not the only way to build an inverter. I'll show you how you can convert electrical energy from 12V DC to 220V AC.

What will be needed?

step up transformer. Naturally, before it worked as a step down, but we will use it the other way around. Such transformers can be found in receivers, electronic watches, old tape recorders.

Assembly of the inverter

In fact, our circuit consists of only three parts connected in series to each other. This is a transformer connected to the circuit with a low-resistance winding (the high-resistance winding is the output of the inverter). Batteries - accumulators or batteries. And a switching element, in the role of which an electric motor will be used, which can be removed from broken children's toys.

Here is the motor itself. Just do not insert it into the circuit - it will not switch. We need to improve it.

To do this, we disassemble the motor.

We remove the back part, before bending the holders.

Anchor needs to be fixed. This consists in disconnecting one winding from the contacts. To do this, we cut off the wires of any one winding.

We assemble the motor.

After such refinement, the motor will not be able to fully spin, since one winding will be turned off. But if you start it by hand, then the motor has enough power to maintain rotation. And the absence of one winding will periodically break the power circuit between the batteries and the transformer, where the motor is connected in series.
We include in the chain.

We connect a multimeter to the output of the transformer. Then turn on the power. It happens that the motor itself starts, but usually not. Then we start the shaft by hand, gently twisting it.

The inverter is working! The multimeter reading jumps from zero to about 250 V. This is normal, since this is a technical inverter to power primitive devices.

We are trying to connect the charger. Everything works fine - the phone is charging.

We connect the light bulb - the lamp shines.

Of course, there is no need to talk about the quality of the converted energy, but in difficult life situations such a craft may well come in handy.