A mechanical tool used in painting work. Tools and fixtures for painting work
K category: Painting works
Tools, inventory and fixtures
For execution painting works You need a variety of tools, equipment and fixtures. Correct selection Tool maintenance and care not only increase productivity, but also greatly increase tool life.
When doing painting work by hand, brushes are needed. They vary in size, shape and purpose. Make brushes from bristles, bristles with hair and one hair. Single hair brushes are cheaper, but of lower quality.
Fly brushes. In them, the hair is fixed in a metal clip with a handle. There are brushes in the form of a bundle of hair, which requires knitting and sticking on a handle, usually a long one, called a pin (Fig. 1).
Fly brushes big size are used for painting large surfaces, small - small.
In addition to flywheel brushes, whitewash brushes and maklovits are used for painting large surfaces.
Rice. 1. Knitting brush: 1 - loop; 2 - putting on a loop on the brush; 3 - winding with twine; 4 - fixing the long end; 5 - finished brush
Whitewash brushes are 200 mm wide, with a short handle. They resemble a kind of wide and thick flute. They work in the same way as with fly brushes. When attaching a whitewash brush to a long handle, it is best to use a brush holder.
The maklovits have a length of 15 to 18.5 cm, a width of 8 and 8.5 cm. Maklovitsa can be mounted on a long handle. To store the maklovitsa on the edges of the bucket, it is advisable to attach a holder to them.
On fig. 2 shows a whitewash brush and maklovitz.
Handbrakes are small, round brushes whose hair (usually bristles) is fixed in a ring or in a thin metal cartridge. The diameter of the handbrake brushes is different.
Flutes - flat brushes made of high quality bristles inserted into a metal clip, mounted on a short wooden handle. They are mainly used to smooth freshly applied paint after brushing. The width of the flanges is from 30 to 150 mm.
Panel brushes are made from hard bristles fixed in a metal cartridge-frame. The diameter of the brushes is from 5 to 20 mm. They are used for painting small places and stretching panels (narrow stripes). Panel brushes are round and flat.
Sheperki are flat and finger. Their width is from 50 to 150 mm. They are thinner than flutes. They are used for painting places where it is impossible to work with a flute, as well as for splitting (cutting) surfaces when painting them under precious woods and decorative stones.
Rice. 2. Whitewash brush and brush
Brush work is done differently. New brushes should be slightly processed, or, as they say, trimmed. If the brushes are made of bristles, then they only need to be moistened in water and worked on some rough surface for 20-30 minutes. Separate hairs will be erased, and the brush will be better at applying paint.
If the brush is made of hair, then it can be burned slightly on fire, which achieves the removal of separately protruding hairs.
After each day of work, the brushes are washed, completely removing the paint from them, and hung upside down to dry, after giving the brushes the shape of a torch. The better the brush is washed, the longer its service life.
When working with any brush, paint should be collected in such an amount that it does not drain from the brush. Excess paint is squeezed out on the edge of the dish. It is recommended to mix the paint periodically.
Working with a fly brush, it must be periodically rotated in the hands, which wears out the hair more evenly. First, the brush is placed on the surface and a slight pressure is applied to it. As the paint is used up, the pressure increases.
The brush should put even strokes of paint, of normal thickness. With an excess, the paint flows, with a shortage, there are unpainted places. So that the paint does not flow down the pin onto the hands, at a distance of 30-50 cm from the brush, the pin is tied with a rag.
When working with a brush, strokes should be applied correctly. In all cases, strokes of paint must be crossed at right angles.
When painting walls, strokes of paint should first be applied horizontally and then vertically, carefully blending the paint, without gaps and rough stripes. It is best to work together: one applies horizontal strokes of paint, the other vertical (Fig. 3).
Rice. 3. Painting walls with fly brushes: 1 - applying horizontal strokes; 2 - drawing vertical strokes
When the paint is poorly opaque, the work has to be redone, i.e., painted for the third time. To do this, the paint is prepared thicker than it was, and it is reapplied to the surface, shading with vertical strokes.
If staining is provided for three times, then the paint is first applied with vertical strokes, then horizontal and for the third time again vertical.
Ceilings are painted taking into account the incidence of light and directed finishing touches in the direction of light rays.
The handles work the same way. It should be remembered that the thinner the layer of paint is applied, the higher the quality of the finish and the more evenly the paint lays down.
Flattening and facing are performed in order to even out previously applied layers of paint with brushes. When working with a flute, traces of paint left by a brush are destroyed. Flute over freshly applied paint. The flute should only lightly touch the painted surface with its end, smoothing out coarsely applied traces of paint. The flute is wiped off the paint in the process of work.
When working by trimming, fresh paint applied with a brush is leveled and a texture resembling shagreen (small tubercles) remains on the surface. Trimming is applied with uniform, not strong, trimming blows, but so that it touches the surface with all its hair. Hitting the same place multiple times is not recommended.
On fig. 4 shows the painting of surfaces with different brushes.
Rice. 4. Coloring with different brushes: 1 - with handbrakes; 2 - fluting; 3 - facing; 4 - staining with white brushes "brush to brush"
Instead of brushes, rollers are widely used. They are more productive than brushes and give the applied coloring, as it were, the texture of large shagreen. Roller diameter can be from 40 to 70 mm, length - from 100 to 250 mm. Rollers are made of fur and foam rubber.
The fur roller (Fig. 5) consists of a handle with a rod and an axis on which the roller is attached. The axle has a washer and a nut. The roller can be wooden, but hollow duralumin is better. Metal bushings are attached to the wooden roller. A sewn fur stocking made of zigeyka or sheepskin with wool no longer than 15-20 mm is put on the roller. You can use fluffy fabric. Since the roller picks up a lot of paint, it is squeezed out on the grid, which is installed obliquely in the tray. Instead of mesh, you can use a sheet of steel with holes with a diameter of not more than 10 mm. For this purpose, you can use a cone-shaped bucket.
The foam roller (Fig. 6) is made from foam rubber by drilling it with a special cutter. The cutter is made in the form of a cylinder of the desired diameter with walls no more than 1 mm thick. The length of the cutter-cylinder is 130-150 mm. At one end they arrange cloves, like a saw. The other end is closed with a bottom (lid), to which the shank is welded. For the last cutter is mounted in the chuck of the drilling machine. Inside the cutter, a hollow tube with a diameter of 10 mm is placed on the thread, equal to the length of the cutter. One end of the tube is threaded, the other sharply sharpened. Fixing the cutter in the chuck and placing drilling machine at high speeds, rollers with a hole in the middle can be drilled from an array of foam rubber. To reduce friction, the cutter with external and inner sides it is recommended to lubricate with machine oil.
A tube is inserted into the hole of the roller, which is put on the axle with a nut and washer.
Machine in the form of scissors of two twin rollers is convenient for painting individual fence posts staircases, balconies, etc. This increases productivity compared to brush work.
Roller painting is done like this. For work, a bath or a bucket with squeezing nets installed in them is used, which are needed in order to squeeze out excess paint collected by rollers on them, squeezing the excess paint, put the roller against the surface of the wall or ceiling and lead it in the right direction on the walls from top to bottom, and on the ceilings -towards light rays.
Rice. 5. Fur roller
Rice. 6. Foam roller
Practice has shown that with rollers it is best to first apply horizontal strokes of paint on the walls, then vertical ones. From crossing, the paint lays down in more even layers. First, the first strip is carried out with a roller, then the second strip is carried out next to it, but so that the edges of the paint overlap by at least 4-5 cm. This is necessary so that there are no gaps at the joints.
Sometimes the paint is applied with brushes, but rolled over it with rollers, leveling it and thereby obtaining an even color. Before starting work with rollers, it is recommended to carry out a trial work. Rollers can paint up to 300 m2 per day. With the correct mode of operation, one roller can paint up to 4-5 thousand m2.
On fig. 7 shows roller painting.
To separate the panel from the top of the wall, a panel is drawn along the junction line of two paints, that is, a narrow strip, the color of which is matched to the color of the panel. Sometimes, instead of one panel, two or three are carried out. The width of the panels varies. Narrow - from 5 to 10 mm, medium - from 12 to 18 mm, wide - from 20 to 30 mm.
Panels can be made with glue, oil and other paint compositions.
Panels are removed with panel and finger brushes, simple and detachable, or special devices. Pulling is carried out along a ruler, one side of which has a chamfer. The ruler is chamfered against the wall, but so that the chamfered side is at the top.
The ruler is taken from 100 to 150 cm long. Since it is impossible to draw an exact even line along one ruler, you have to first punch the line with a chalked cord, attach a ruler to this line and pull out the panel.
To beat the lines, they take a thin strong cord, chalk it with chalk or some other dry paint (ocher is best), put it in the right place, pull it tightly, then the cord is pulled away from the surface of the wall or ceiling by 10-15 cm and released. Striking against the surface, the cord leaves traces of paint on it in the form of a thin line.
Rice. 7. Coloring with a roller: 1 - picking up paint; 2 - staining
Having attached the ruler to the line broken off by the cord, the panel brush is moistened in color, put to the ruler and, with exactly the same pressure, the panel is drawn.
Rice. 8. Pulling out panels
The panel can be removed using a stencil or a finger brush, but it is better to do this with a special device.
Paint for work is poured into a jar, which is fixed on the belt.
For adhesive paint compositions, paint for panels is taken with ordinary adhesive or prepared from chalk and pigment.
On fig. 8 shows the extrusion of the panels.
- Tools, inventory and fixtures
The main tool for painting work are Handbrake brushes(Fig. 13) - small brushes with a short round or faceted handle. They are used in almost all types of work: wallpapering, varnishing wooden parts, surface treatment before laying linoleum or tiling. The best brushes clean spinal bristle brushes are considered (they hold the paint better), but cruel horsehair varieties are often used. When painting windows and doors with oil paint, it is advisable to use brushes with a diameter of 2-3 cm, when painting walls - up to 4 cm.
Figure 13
Flute brushes(Fig. 14) are used both for painting small surfaces and for smoothing paint after other, coarser brushes. These are flat brushes with a width of 3 to 12 cm. They are made from high-quality bristles or badger hair.
Figure 14
For whitewashing the ceiling with glue and lime paints, as well as for spreading glue on wallpaper, it is mainly used brush-brush(fig.15). It can be round or rectangular, 12 to 18 cm wide, with a bristle length of 9-11 cm. The handle can be either removable or attached to a block.
Figure 15
fly brush(Fig. 16) - a large brush with a diameter of 7-9 cm and a length of up to 10 cm. Designed for painting large surfaces with lime and adhesive compositions, as well as oil paints and enamels. With its help, a primer is applied, and the walls and ceiling are washed away.
Figure 16
When performing painting work, they are also used rollers(Fig. 17), which on flat surfaces are preferable to brushes: labor productivity when using a roller increases 3-4 times with good quality work. Rollers are foam rubber (not suitable for working with oil paints, varnishes and enamels) and fur (not suitable for working with lime paints). The rollers are mounted on a special handle called a machine.
Figure 17
When working with a roller, paint must be poured into a special plastic bath(Fig. 18) for paint with a mesh that allows you to wring out excess paint and evenly distribute it over the entire surface of the roller. First, the roller is dipped into the paint, then rolled over the grid, removing excess solution. To facilitate the cleaning process, the bath can be lined with a piece polyethylene film, the edges of which are fixed according to the external example of the bath with adhesive tape (adhesive tape). After completion of the work, the film is removed and thrown away along with the remaining paint, and the bath remains clean.
Figure 18
For applying putty to the surface and cleaning the surface, apply spatula(Fig.19,20). Spatulas come in different sizes: from 5cm to 60cm. They have a metal blade and a plastic handle.
Figure 19
Figure 20
Airbrush( fig.21) - an apparatus for mechanical spraying of water-soluble non-viscous paint compositions during construction finishing work. Apply K. with manual drive(manual action) - KRD and driven by an electric motor (electric) - EC. The most widespread KRD with plunger, piston and less often with diaphragm pumps and EC with diaphragm pumps. The ink composition enters through the filter through the suction hose into the pump, then is fed through the discharge hose into the fishing rod (long hollow tube) and sprayed with a nozzle. Excess solution through the bypass valve drain hose returns to the container.
Figure 21
paint sprayer(Fig. 22) - used in construction when performing painting work. compressed air under high pressure enters the opening of the head of the paint sprayer, where it mixes with the paintwork material, crushing it into drops with a diameter of 5 to 100 microns. At the exit, a jet of polydisperse drops (torch) is formed, which settles on the surface to be painted. Flame shape can change depending on pressure, temperature and speed compressed air, viscosity of the material and the design of the spray gun.
A flat spray gun is used for painting large areas, and a round one is used for small items. The required size and type of jet can be obtained by equipping the spray guns with a special head with air and mechanical compression. One or more interchangeable heads can be included with the device.
Figure 22
Solution container(Fig. 23) - designed for the preparation and storage of the solution. It is metal and plastic, round and square. Its capacity depends on the size.
Figure 23
Grater( fig.24) - used for grinding the surface. Sandpaper is put on it, which is fixed on both sides with clamps. It is necessary to dress neatly and evenly so that the paper does not tear or come off. It is best used for sanding large areas or facades.
Figure 24
Scaffolds used in molar work:
Forests(Fig. 25) - designed to perform molar and other work at height. Scaffolding is wooden and metal. On the scaffolding there is a rack on which they stand, crossbars that hold the racks vertically and hold shields, shields on which the worker stands and support rails that, if necessary, prevent the worker from falling out, they are located diagonally.
Figure 25
Tower tours(Fig. 26) - used to conduct any type of construction and installation work. Construction towers can be used both indoors and outdoors. Compared to scaffolding, tour towers have a lighter design, mobility, compactness and ease of installation.
Painting work is the final stage of repair or construction works before delivery to the customer.
Not only do these works give the design idea a complete appearance, they are also designed to extend the life of wall, ceiling, floor, door and window openings and so on through corrosion protection, mold protection, insect protection (in wooden houses).
Of great importance in finishing depends on the quality of the applied materials with which these works are carried out. They can be both water and non-water. water based. Water-based binders can be substances such as lime, cement, liquid glass and adhesives various kinds. On a non-aqueous basis, binders are drying oils, both natural and synthetic, various resins and bitumens. Of course, when working, liquids such as turpentine, white spirit, acetone and other solvents are needed to clean hands, tools and drips or other contaminants.
In addition, various mixtures, primers, putties and similar compounds are applied as a preliminary base.
All these compounds and substances must be applied with special tools and devices. It can be said that quality finish depends on 30% of the material, 30% on the tool and 30% on the skill of the worker. All together gives its result.
The tool and fixtures depend on what composition you have to work with, what area we will process, what kind of finish will be - artistic or standard. For example, spray guns can be used for large areas.
Painting walls with a spray gun What are the differences inpainting tools and equipment
The main difference is the tools for performing painting work for professionals and for those who do it for the first or second time, but only for themselves. Although in this area these differences are not very visible, except in the mechanization of painting.
Some tools have not changed for a century, some have changed only with some components, for example, the handle is not wooden, but rubber, more often synthetic hair is used in brushes instead of natural.
A professional tool for the work of a painter is a paint roller made of foam rubber, fur (artificial) or a special roller for knurling a pattern. It comes with a special container for squeezing (removing) excess paint from the roller. Usually home specialists paint with a brush.
The same can be attributed to the spray gun, although it can also be used by a beginner. Previously, instead of a spray gun, they used household vacuum cleaner, only the hose was attached to the return hole, to the outlet. His kit included a special nozzle, which was put on a glass jar and connected to a hose. The ceiling was whitewashed especially successfully in this way.
Before filling the container, the paint on any basis is well filtered.
Electric spray gun - a great tool and with good performance Spray guns, which are still more professional tools, especially electric ones, which are more efficient, can also be attributed to hand tools and accessories for painting work. It is used for liquid formulations. For thicker paints, special spray guns are used, in which the distance from the nozzle to the wall, for example, is 75-100 cm, which is very convenient for these works.
Tools, fixtures and equipment for painting work
As fixtures for painting work can be called:
a special knife with a durable and thin blade with a rubberized handle to make an accurate cut if there is a need to align something;
carpenter's chisel, maybe a set with a semicircular and flat shape, they chamfer, clean the grooves;
ruler 100 cm wooden, chamfered on one side;
sandpaper attached to the bar, homemade or purchased, to prepare the surface for painting.
Painting tools and their purpose
The very first tool that should be in the painter's set can be called a spatula for applying putty for leveling surfaces, as well as sealing seams, it can be both wooden and rubber. The wooden spatula has a width of 50 to 200 mm.
There are also metal ones, which are made of steel with grade G, that is, flexible and well polished. The handle is made either from wood or from plastic with the addition of rubber. They are removed old paint, carry out finishing putty on wood. its blade width is from 30 to 100 mm.
When using spatulas, you need to look after the sharpness of the blade, sharpen it if necessary, and before starting work, process it in accordance with the material from which the spatula is made.
The next tool is brushes, the bristles of which have different lengths and composition depending on the purpose. This can be a primer, and painting, and wetting and roughening the surface for further processing. various surfaces. A brush can be used instead of a spray gun if the use of the latter is not possible.
Set of paint brushes Brushes also come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes. Of course, brushes made from natural bristles are considered the most expensive and best. The fact is that such a brush absorbs a large number of paint, while the latter does not roll.
Horsehair brushes are a little cheaper, but the quality of their work is much lower.
There is fly brushes , which have a handle with a cavity inside, which allows you to put it on an extension cord. With this device, you can paint large surfaces.
fly brush They have big sizes: diameter up to 65 mm, bristles up to 180 mm. Used for applying glue and casein formulations.
Whitewash brush used for bleaching. It can be made of synthetic threads or bast.
Whitewash brush Maklovitsa can be used instead of a whitewash brush, the working part is made of bristles with the addition of horsehair, the handle can be either tightly attached or removable.
There is brush - handbrake , for small surfaces, its diameter is 26-50 mm. Inside has an empty space that allows you to type large quantity paints.
Flutes used to remove traces from the previous brush and smooth surfaces. Professional painters use flutes made from badger hair.
Panel brushes , which are both round and flat, are used to apply panels or repaint places that are inaccessible to other tools. good tool made from bristles.
Panel brushes Finally, trimming , which is made of stiff bristles and serves to make a rough surface.
To tools for painting and decorative works rollers can be attributed to decorative plaster.
Roller for decorative plaster You can also make a beautiful texture with a special grater, on the front side of which a special pattern is applied.
Special sponge with imitation leather pieces Various special sponges are widely used to obtain a pattern, made of various materials.
Car painting
Painting work also includes car painting. Here the set of tools is completely different.
Of course, the set depends on whether you paint at home or in the workshop. Some tools are portable, for the home, for example, and stationary, in the workshop.
This is the following tools for painting works in cars:
Grinding machine for surface preparation for painting. It can be replaced by a drill with nozzles for grinding and polishing. A polishing machine or polishing pads for a drill are used to finish the surface of the car after painting, covering the body with polishes.
Masking tape to cover rubber seals, glasses and similar details.
Searchlight, for example portable. It is needed in order to illuminate the problem area. Sometimes they are used for drying in one place, maintaining the proper distance.
Portable spotlight for illumination A carpentry hair dryer is used to warm up the body in order to remove the labels that are applied to the adhesive base.
The spray gun is the main tool for painting a car. If painting is planned small area e.g. doors, you can use a tool small size, but in principle, you can have a large one, they can paint both the entire hood and small details. It is also used for surface varnishing or for priming. Used with different nozzles.
Instead of an airbrush for painting, a compressor can be used. It is more efficient for painting work.
Be sure to have a mask, which will protect the respiratory system from the ingress of harmful components.
And, of course, you need to have consumables.
Compounds and manual machines for painting
As well as tools, and compositions for painting work are basically unified.
This is lime , which is used as a disinfectant and as a binder for painting.
white portland cement t used similarly to lime, but for the manufacture of polymer cement paints. Also used colored portland cement, for the manufacture of colored solutions and water painting compositions.
Potassium liquid glass .
bone glue . Used for the preparation of compositions for painting, as well as for labeling various materials.
Skin glue , application in the same cases.
Drying oils natural used for impregnation, for breeding high-quality paints, since their cost is high.
Semi-natural and synthetic drying oils used to dilute paints.
Dry paint is, for example, chalk, lime, titanium and zinc white, manganese oxide, red lead, chromium oxide, cobalt blue, ultramarine, lead green, aluminum powder. They are insoluble in water and solvents, used for coloring without penetrating the interior of materials, so they are of little use. Instead, pigment pastes are used, which are used to prepare colored compositions for painting.
Variety of pigments very large, these are natural, synthetic inorganic, synthetic organic, metal. Each form has a large palette of colors.
The surface to be painted usually has dents, shells, scratches and other defects, which are eliminated and leveled with fillers. Spatula does not increase protective properties coatings: too thick and insufficiently elastic putty layer is prone to cracking, as a result of which the strength of the entire coating is impaired.
Putties are applied to well-dried soil with a wooden, plastic or metal spatula (Fig. 33, a-e) (for flat surfaces) or a piece of sheet rubber (for curved surfaces). Putties can also be applied with a paint sprayer or special fishing rods with a nozzle with a diameter of 6 mm.
Rice. 33. Hand tools:
a-e - spatulas, w - block for sanding skins, h - scrapers, and - a device for grinding the surface; 1 - cloth, 2 - overlay, 3 - cap, 4 - handle, 5 - bath, 6 - holder, 7 - pads, 8 - soft base, 9 - sandpaper, 10 - clamping screw, 11 - figured scraper, 12 - Scraper with extended handle, 13 - steel brushes
For better adhesion of putty to the ground, the surface is plastered to give it a roughness, and then the dust is removed. The latter is necessary, since even thinnest layer dust sharply impairs adhesion.
For more effective alignment the surface is first puttied in the deepest places. After drying, the puttied areas are treated with sandpaper (Fig. 33, g-i), if necessary, these areas or the entire surface are puttied again.
Puttying the surface in more than 3 layers is inefficient. The thickness of each putty layer should not exceed 0.5 mm for oil, varnish and perchlorovinyl putties, 1 mm for epoxy and other similar putties.
Application of paints and varnishes with a brush is one of the oldest methods staining, known for many centuries. Now this operation is used when painting small and complex configurations of areas and surfaces with high-quality and alpine finishes, to correct defects during repairs, etc.
In addition, the brush painting method has several advantages - it is simple, paint material adheres well to the base when shading, materials are economically consumed. The disadvantages include high labor intensity (1m 2 for 4-6 minutes).
The coloring composition is applied with a brush cone without strong pressure, while the material lies in wide stripes, which are then shaded in horizontal and vertical directions. The brush is held at an angle of 45-60° to the surface to be painted.
Rice. 34. Hand tools and fixtures:
a - a tray for rollers and brushes, b - a glass cleaning knife, c - a roller with a lead, d - wallpaper scissors, e - roller knife, e - brush, g - paint roller, h-k - device for cleaning and painting pipes; 1 - body, 2 - handle, 3 - mesh for rollers, 4 - cells for brushes, 5 - pads, 6 - blade, 7 - clamping screw, 8 - lead clamping screw, 9 - lead, 10 - rail, 11 - roller , 12, 15 - movable clip, 13 - clamp, 14 - brush, 16 - coated writing roller, 17 - working part, 18 - fixed clip, 19 - ejector
There is a wide variety of brushes that differ in size, weight, shape, material and are designed to perform many operations. best material-pork bristle, which has a naturally conical shape and bifurcation of the ends of the hair, which allows you to achieve High Quality coatings. For ordinary dyeing, combined brushes made of pig bristle and hair of other animal or vegetable fibers, as well as synthetic materials (nylon, nylon, etc.) are used. The latter are more durable.
The size of the brush corresponds to the type of work. The largest are called flywheels, they are used for painting walls, ceilings, floors, roofs, etc. By weight of bristles they are made in 200, 300, 400 and 600 g, for which the bundles are tied with twine and put on the pointed end of a handle with a length of 1 up to 1.5 m. From above by 1/2-2/3 of the beam length working part also wrapped with twine. The remaining free bristle has a different length for different coloring compositions: shorter - for oil, enamel (with rubbing on the surface), longer - for water.
As the brush wears, the turns are gradually removed. Select with fly brushes with two hands.
Smaller brushes for working with one hand are called handbrakes - round and flat. In round handbrakes, the bristles are glued in a recess at the end of the handle, and in flat ones, they are clamped in a tin or plastic frame of the brush. Handbrake sizes are indicated by even numbers from 6 to 30.
When staining with a stencil, stencil brushes are used, which have shorter and stiffer bristles.
To perform fine lines, stroke (circle) brushes made of long squirrel hair are used.
Rice. 35. Paint brushes(a-g) and trimming (h, i)
Wide soft brushes made of long badger hair - flutes - are used to smooth the freshly painted surface and remove strokes and strokes from the brush. Flutes are made round and flat. When working, the flute is not dipped into the paint, but is used dry and held perpendicular to the surface without pressure.
Trimming brushes are used to roughen the surface. They are made from short bleached bristles mounted on a wooden mandrel measuring 100 x 200 mm. When working with a dry trimming, they strike a freshly painted surface.
For other purposes, special brushes are used: maklovitsy, curly, panel, etc.
For successful work you must follow certain rules for working with brushes.
Any new brush contains dust and broken hairs and should be washed in warm soapy water and dried.
The best results are obtained with a cone-shaped brush, therefore it is rational to work with a new brush on irresponsible operations on a rough surface (priming), then clean and apply for cover layers.
Before starting work, the brush is “developed” - dipped into the coloring composition, squeezed against the wall, turned, etc. until the hair bundle is evenly moistened half the length. During operation, the brush is dipped shallowly, tapping on the edge of the working container to evenly distribute the paint.
The paintwork material is applied in a thick layer and then shaded with a brush. Large surfaces it is more convenient to paint in parts, making the final hatching in all areas in one direction to make the borders of adjacent areas invisible. It is necessary to overlap the layer of paint and varnish material before the “wet edge” of the previous surface section begins to dry, otherwise the layer thickens at the border of the sections and, after drying, may wrinkle or differ in color from the rest of the surface.
This technology is suitable for most coloring compositions, but may be partially changed in individual cases. Thus, paints and varnishes for intermediate layers quickly lose fluidity, especially when elevated temperatures, therefore, apply them and overlap the "raw" edges should be skillfully and quickly. In conclusion, it is necessary to hatch enamels, oil and other similar compositions from the bottom up to reduce paint flow. When painting wood, the finishing touches are made along the fibers, when painting ceilings - towards the light.
Staining with a brush is used mainly for slow-drying compositions.
It is much more difficult to apply with a brush fast-drying materials with active volatile solvents, since when applied with repeated layers or when smudged, the underlying layers dissolve and the coating is discontinuous and uneven. If necessary, the first layer should be applied only in one direction without shading, and after drying - the second in the other direction.
At the end of the work, the paintwork material is squeezed from the brush with a spatula or scraper, the brush is wiped, washed in a solvent and dried by rotating in air.
The appearance of fungi and insects on the brush should be avoided, so it should be stored dry wrapped in oiled paper or cellophane.
Brushes made of squirrel, badger and ferret hair are washed from paint warm water with soap.
Most effective hand tool for the application of most coloring compositions, especially water-based and water-borne, are paint rollers (Fig. 36) various designs. The essence of the method of dyeing them is that the paintwork material preliminarily evenly fills the pores of the foam sheathing or the space between the hair of the sheared sheepskin, and when rolling over the surface of the product, it transfers the coloring composition to it and partially shade it.
Rice. 36. Roller with a set of rollers:
1 - knurling roller, 2, 6 - clamping screws, 3 - feed roller, 4 - axle, 5 - detachable bracket, 7 - handle
This method is more productive than the brush method, but it has a limitation, since it can only be used for flat surfaces, although a number of organizations have developed special curly rollers for painting pipes, heating radiators, etc.
When painting flat surfaces, the roller is moved up and down (walls, doors, etc.) or back and forth (ceilings, floors) until the paint on the roller is used up. At the same time, the painter moves along the front of the work, and then back and shade the painted surface with a dry roller. The roller is filled with paint, partially immersed in the paint bath, and rolled over the overlay mesh for its uniform distribution and excess paint flowing back into the paint bath. There are designs with forced ink supply directly into the roller body or through an intermediate roller.
When knurling patterns or stencils, a kind of paint roller with replaceable rubber nozzles is used.
Depending on the purpose, the length of the roller may be different.
When performing painting work by hand, as a rule, various tools and devices are used.
At the end of the work, the tools are cleaned of mortar and paint, wiped dry with a rag and put in a box.
To increase the service life of the brushes, they must be properly cared for: - after working with aqueous compositions, the brushes are washed in clean water, wipe and dry; - after working with oil compositions, the brushes are washed in a solvent. With minor interruptions in work with oil paints, they can be temporarily stored in water. In this case, it is recommended to hang them in a vessel, and not lower them to the bottom.
A clip with a bream is used to clean the plaster from sand and mortar splashes.
Wooden grater is designed for grouting plaster.
Spatulas are different types and appointments. To clean the surface of the plaster from large splashes of mortar, cut cracks, apply lubricants and a second layer of putty, steel spatulas with a wooden and metal handle are used.
To apply the lubrication composition and the first layer of putty, different spatulas are used.
To level and smooth the putty layer applied by brush or mechanically, use a spatula with a rubber tip.
A curved spatula is used to apply putty on profile planes.
Applying putty to large areas carried out with a spatula with a replaceable set of blades made of birch, textolite, rubber.
A profiled spatula is used to apply putty to trim and skirting boards.
Ceiling spatula is designed for leveling putty.
The rubber trowel is intended for leveling and smoothing the putty layer applied by mechanized method.
Devices for clamping sandpaper and for grinding surfaces are used in wall decoration.
The matting brush is intended for wetting the surface with water, for applying aqueous compositions, the steel brush is for cleaning metal surfaces from rust and mortar splashes.
Steel brushes are used to clean radiators and narrow openings in metal structures.
Steel scrapers are used to clean surfaces from old nabel.
Chisels are used to remove old oil films.
A device for marking surfaces is used to draw the junction line at the border of two sections of the wall to be painted different colors(at the ceiling).
The steel trowel is designed for applying a layer of sandless coating.
For applying water-based priming and painting compositions over large areas, a KM-type brush is used.
A flywheel type KM brush with a diameter of 60, 65 mm is used for applying primers and paints over large areas, a handbrake is used for small areas. Curly cysts are used when painting radiators.
The roller is used for applying water and oil painting compositions.
The tray for the rollers is designed to place the paint when working with the roller.
For painting fences and gratings, a twin roller of the Babak design is used, for painting radiators - a foam roller, for painting structures in the corners - an angled roller with a diameter of 60 mm,
A mechanized roller is used for painting floors.
Pneumatic rollers are of two types: with internal supply of paint and with external supply. The first roller is used to apply non-aqueous paint compositions supplied under pressure, the second - for aqueous compositions.
The spray mug is used for applying mastics on surfaces for velvet finishes, etc.
A flange brush is used for flanging (feathering and smoothing with a dry brush) freshly painted surfaces with oil paints.
Trimming brush is used for shock treatment (trimming) of a freshly applied paint layer to create a rough texture. Rubber trim is used for the same purpose.
Panel brushes are used for drawing panels, performing alfreine painting and other small operations in the production of alfreine work.
A flat brush of the KP type is used for cutting surfaces for precious wood and stone, for painting in hard-to-reach places.
Splicing brush type KRA is designed for drawing a pattern when cutting painted surfaces under valuable wood species.
A steel scalpel is used for cutting patterns in stencils.
A metal punch is used to punch round pattern elements and control points in stencils.
A wooden ruler is used when marking surfaces and pulling out panels.
Devices for pulling panels are used in two types: for narrow and wide panels.
Two-roller knurling is used for knurling a pattern on painted walls.
The spray machine is used for spray finishing.
Embossed roller used for curly surface finishing.
Spongy rubber blunt is used when finishing the painted surface of the walls with a blunt.
A rubber semi-roller is used when cutting a subtree.
Combs of steel and rubber are also used when cutting a subtree.
The tap ruler is used to protect the painted surface during mechanized paint application.
The hinged ruler serves to protect the painted surface of the wall during mechanized painting of the door with platbands.
The protective shield is used when painting skirting boards.
Shield-ruler design
Belikov is used for the same purposes when painting with an elongated paint sprayer.