Make armored glass. Armored window structures - varieties and applications

How is bulletproof glass made? Interested in the production technology of bulletproof glass!

The history of bulletproof glass began in 1910, when the French scientist Edouard Benedictus invented a method for producing extra strong glass by placing a special celluloid film between two glass sheets. Such glass, now known as laminated glass, was patented by Benedictus under the name "triplex". However, do not expect to sit behind bulletproof glass during a serious shelling. Absolute armor that protects against all firearms simply does not exist, especially armor made of glass ...

Triplex is the most reliable and safe glass. Over the century that has passed since the Frenchman made his landmark invention, the glass industry has gone far ahead, and now the triplex manufacturing technology is approximately the following. Two sheets of tempered glass are glued to each other over the entire surface with a polymer film or a laminating liquid. (By the way, she herself worked at the Macromer Research and Production Enterprise in the production of such a liquid - indeed Gin is right, this is Acrolat: http://www.macromer.ru /him.shtml?base=5&...) Moreover, sheets can be made of glass of both the same and different types, they can be straight or bent (they are shaped before gluing). Lamination itself is a rather complicated process, it is carried out on an automated line in several stages. At the last stage, the glass sheets enter the autoclave, where the film polymerizes at high temperature and, like glue, connects the glass. As a result, the impact strength of conventional triplex is 10–15 times higher than that of conventional sheet glass. If the triplex still manages to be broken or pierced by a bullet, the fragments will not splash in all directions - they will hang on the intermediate film without causing harm. Such laminated glass looks like a monolith.
However, a polymer film can glue not two glasses, but more. But a three-layer triplex is still considered the best option - further addition of layers significantly increases the cost of the product, although, of course, the protective properties also increase. But by and large, it makes sense to use multilayer triplexes only where there is a serious threat to human life or to material and museum values.

But safety can be ensured not only by the use of triplex. There is also an alternative method of strengthening and protecting glass in glass structures in buildings - gluing window films onto ordinary high-quality glass.
Professional window films (such as US Courtaulds Performance Films), when applied to glass, avoid the risk of splintering. Glass reinforced with such a film successfully withstands even a shock blast wave - and if it is damaged, it will remain in the frame or fall out in a whole piece without scattering into sharp fragments.

The US Air Force is testing a new transparent material that could soon replace bulletproof glass in military vehicles. Aluminum oxynitride (ALON) is a transparent material similar in optical and structural characteristics to sapphire. It is very strong and much lighter than regular bulletproof glass.
The windshield, which consisted of three layers (ALON, glass, again ALON), during tests successfully withstood, for example, shelling with armor-piercing cartridges from an M-44 sniper rifle. Normal bulletproof glass needs to be several times thicker than an ALON windshield to withstand a similar load.

One day in 1903, the French chemist Edouard Benedict was preparing for another experiment in the laboratory - without looking, he reached out for a clean flask that was on a shelf in the closet and dropped it. Taking a broom and a scoop to remove the fragments, Eduard went to the closet and found with surprise that the flask, although it had broken, all its fragments remained in place, they were connected to each other by some kind of film. The chemist called a laboratory assistant - he was obliged to wash glassware after the experiments - and tried to find out what was in the flask. It turned out that this container was used a few days ago in the course of experiments with cellulose nitrate (nitrocellulose) - an alcohol solution of liquid plastic, a small amount of which, after the evaporation of alcohol, remained on the walls of the flask and froze with a film. And since the plastic layer was thin and transparent enough, the laboratory assistant decided that the container was empty.

A couple of weeks after the story with the flask that did not shatter into fragments, Edward Benedict caught the eye of an article in the morning newspaper, which described the consequences of head-on collisions of a new type of transport in those years - cars. The windshield shattered into fragments, inflicting multiple cuts on drivers, depriving them of vision and normal appearance. The photographs of the victims made a painful impression on Benedict, and then he remembered the "unbreakable" flask. Rushing to the laboratory, the French chemist dedicated the next 24 hours of his life to creating unbreakable glass. He applied nitrocellulose to glass, dried a layer of plastic, and tossed the composite onto the stone floor—over and over and over again. So Edward Benedict invented the first triplex glass.

laminated glass

Glass formed by several layers of silicate or organic glass connected by a special polymer film is called triplex. Polyvinyl butyral (PVB) is commonly used as the glass bonding polymer. There are two main ways to produce triplex laminated glass - pouring and laminating (autoclave or vacuum).

Filled triplex technology. Sheets are cut to size, if necessary, they are given a curved shape (bending is performed). After thoroughly cleaning the glass surfaces, they are stacked on top of each other so that there is a gap (cavity) between them no more than 2 mm high - the distance is fixed using a special rubber strip. Combined sheets of glass are set at an angle to a horizontal surface, polyvinyl butyral is poured into the cavity between them, a rubber insert around the perimeter prevents it from flowing out. To achieve the uniformity of the polymer layer, the glasses are placed under a press. The final connection of glass sheets due to the curing of polyvinyl butyral takes place under ultraviolet radiation in a special chamber, inside which the temperature is maintained in the range from 25 to 30 ° C. After the triplex is formed, a rubber band is removed from it and the edge is turned.

Autoclave lamination of triplex. After cutting glass sheets, processing edges and bending, they are cleaned of contamination. Upon completion of the preparation of float glass sheets, a PVB film is laid between them, the formed “sandwich” is placed in a plastic shell - air is completely removed from the bag in a vacuum installation. The final connection of the “sandwich” layers takes place in an autoclave, under a pressure of 12.5 bar and a temperature of 150 ° C.

Vacuum lamination of triplex. Compared to autoclave technology, vacuum triplexing is performed at lower pressure and temperature. The sequence of working operations they have is similar: glass cutting, shaping in a bending furnace, turning edges, thorough cleaning and degreasing of surfaces. When forming a “sandwich”, an ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) or PVB film is placed between the glasses, then they are placed in a vacuum machine, previously placed in a plastic bag. The soldering of glass sheets takes place in this installation: air is pumped out; "sandwich" is heated to a maximum of 130 ° C, the film polymerizes; the triplex is cooled to 55°C. Polymerization is carried out in a rarefied atmosphere (-0.95 bar), when the temperature drops to 55°C, the pressure in the chamber equalizes to atmospheric pressure and, as soon as the temperature of the laminated glass reaches 45°C, the formation of the triplex is completed.

Laminated glass, created by poured technology, is stronger, but less transparent than laminated triplex.

Windshields of cars are made from glass sandwiches made using one of the triplex technologies, they are necessary for glazing high-rise buildings, in building partitions inside offices and residential buildings. Triplex is popular with designers - products from it are an integral element of modern style.

But, despite the absence of fragments when hitting a multi-layer "sandwich" of silicate glass and polymer, it will not stop the bullet. But the triplex glass discussed below will do this quite successfully.

Armored glass - history of creation

In 1928, German chemists create a new material that immediately interested aircraft designers - plexiglass. In 1935, the head of the Research Institute "Plastmass" Sergei Ushakov managed to get a sample of "flexible glass" in Germany, Soviet scientists began to study it and develop mass production technology. A year later, the production of organic glass from polymethyl methacrylate began at the K-4 plant in Leningrad. At the same time, experiments were begun aimed at creating armored glass.

Tempered glass, created in 1929 by the French company SSG, was produced in the USSR in the mid-30s under the name "stalinite". The hardening technology was as follows - sheets of the most common silicate glass were heated to temperatures in the range from 600 to 720 ° C, i.e. above the glass softening temperature. Then the glass sheet was subjected to rapid cooling - cold air flows in a few minutes lowered its temperature to 350-450 ° C. Thanks to tempering, the glass received high strength properties: impact resistance increased by 5-10 times; bending strength - not less than twice; heat resistance - three to four times.

However, despite its high strength, "stalinite" was not suitable for bending to form an aircraft cockpit canopy - hardening did not allow it to bend. In addition, tempered glass contains a significant number of internal stress zones, a light blow to them led to the complete destruction of the entire sheet. "Stalinite" cannot be cut, processed and drilled. Then the Soviet designers decided to combine plastic plexiglass and "stalinite", turning their shortcomings into dignity. The pre-molded aircraft canopy was covered with small tiles of tempered glass, with polyvinyl butyral as the adhesive.

The entry of the former Soviet republics into capitalism since the early 1990s has sharply increased the demand for armored glass protection for vehicles of collectors and currency exchange offices. At the same time, there was a need for "transparent armor" for business cars. Since the production of real armored glass was expensive, as well as the final product, a number of companies launched the production of imitation armored glass - it was a triplex of rather mediocre quality, the PVB film polymerization was carried out in an accelerated mode, using ultraviolet irradiation. The finished product was able to withstand a pistol bullet from a distance of 5 meters, i.e. corresponded only to the 2nd class of protection (there are six in total). Massive armored glass of this type could not withstand temperature fluctuations of more than +20 and below -22 ° C - after six months, the triplex layers partially delaminated, their already low transparency was seriously reduced.

transparent armor

Modern bulletproof glass, also called transparent armor, is a multilayer composite formed by sheets of silicate glass, plexiglass, polyurethane, and polycarbonate. Also, the composition of the armored triplex may include quartz and ceramic glass, synthetic sapphire.

European armored glass manufacturers mainly produce triplex, consisting of several “raw” float glasses and polycarbonate. By the way, non-tempered glass among companies producing transparent armor is called "raw" - it is "raw" glass that is used in triplex with polycarbonate.

A polycarbonate sheet in such laminated glass is installed on the side facing the inside of the protected room. The task of plastic is to dampen the vibrations caused by the shock wave when a bullet collides with bulletproof glass in order to avoid the formation of new fragments in sheets of "raw" glass. If there is no polycarbonate in the composition of the triplex, then the shock wave moving in front of the bullet will break the glass even before it actually comes into contact with them and the bullet will pass through such a “sandwich” without hindrance. The disadvantages of armored glass with a polycarbonate insert (as well as with any polymer in the composition of the triplex): a significant weight of the composite, especially in classes 5-6a (reaches 210 kg per m 2); low resistance of plastic to abrasive wear; exfoliation of polycarbonate over time due to temperature changes.

quartz glass. It is produced from silicon oxide (silica) of natural origin (quartz sand, rock crystal, vein quartz) or artificially synthesized silicon dioxide. It has high heat resistance and light transmission, its strength is higher than that of silicate glass (50 N/mm2 versus 9.81 N/mm2).

ceramic glass. It is made of aluminum oxynitride, developed in the USA for the needs of the army, the patented name is ALON. The density of this transparent material is higher than that of quartz glass (3.69 g / cm 3 versus 2.21 g / cm 3), the strength characteristics are also high (Young's modulus is 334 GPa, the average bending stress limit is 380 MPa, which is practically 7-9 times higher than similar indicators of silicon oxide glasses).

Artificial sapphire (leucosapphire). It is a monocrystal made of aluminum oxide, as part of armored glass it gives the triplex the maximum strength properties possible. Some of its characteristics: density - 3.97 g / cm 3; average bending stress limit - 742 MPa; Young's modulus - 344 GPa. The disadvantage of leucosapphire lies in its significant cost due to high production energy costs, the need for complex machining and polishing.

Chemically strengthened glass. "Raw" silicate glass is immersed in a bath with an aqueous solution of hydrofluoric (hydrofluoric) acid. After chemical hardening, the glass becomes 3-6 times stronger, its impact strength increases six-fold. The disadvantage is that the strength characteristics of toughened glass are lower than those of thermally hardened glass.

Armored glass frame

The use of armored triplex in glazing does not mean that the opening blocked by it will be bulletproof - a frame of a special design is required. It is created mainly from metal profiles, most often aluminum. In the grooves located along the junction line of the triplex and the frame profile, steel linings are installed to protect the weakest point in the armored window structure from impact or contact with a bullet.

Protective armor plates can also be installed outside the frame structure, however, this will reduce the aesthetic characteristics of the window. To achieve the maximum level of protection, the frames can be made entirely of steel profiles (linings are not needed in this case), but they will become very bulky and costly.

The weight of an armored window often exceeds 300 kg per m 2, not every building and construction material is able to withstand it. Therefore, the installation of an armored window structure is only permissible for reinforced concrete and brick walls. Opening the sash of an armored window is not easy due to its high weight; servo drives are used for this purpose.

Bulletproof glass- a multilayer structure consisting of several M1 glasses and several layers of a polymeric photocurable composition. Depending on the required protection class, the design can be either with or without a film. This design structure provides protection against bullets fired from different types of weapons, depending on the required protection class.

The armored glass design is transparent and provides protection according to classes B1, B2, B3, B4, B5 (bullet resistance class 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) according to GOST R 51136-2008 while simultaneously transmitting light. Suitable for both internal and external glazing.

The complete set of a double-glazed window for preservation of a temperature condition is possible.

Armored glass- a guarantee of security, it was created in order to protect people and their property. That is why it is especially important that the glass is of excellent quality. You need to be sure that you and your property are fully protected. The first, second, third, fourth, fifth or sixth class of armored glass protection is selected based on the conditions and wishes of the customer.

Scope of bulletproof glass

• currency exchange points;
• places for issuing money at the cash desks of large organizations, enterprises;
• internal security posts in banks, jewelry stores, shooting galleries;
• workplaces of petrol station operators;
• workplaces of bank tellers working in operating rooms;
• workplaces of employees of duty units of internal affairs bodies;
• equipment of banks and cash collection machines;
• other buildings, structures and objects that need to be protected from burglary, strikes and shelling.

Double-glazed windows made of laminated armored glass, made using mirrored, tinted glass of various colors, have unique properties that not only protect the room from impacts and shelling, but also reduce heat loss in the cold season, protect against the harmful effects of sunlight and noise.

A mirror made of laminated glass, along with high strength characteristics and aesthetic properties, ensures its long-term and safe use in rooms with high humidity (in bathrooms and swimming pools).

Armored laminated protective glass (bulletproof glass) is intended for use on vehicles, in administrative and residential buildings, where there is a need to protect human life and material values.

Characteristics of bulletproof glass

Characteristics bulletproof glass correspond to GOST R 51136-2008 "Protective multilayer glasses". The total light transmission of glass is at least 70%. Glass must be heat and moisture resistant, withstand a temperature of 60 ° C and a humidity of 95%. Its frost resistance is minus 40 °C.

Defensive Ability armored glass depends on its thickness. 37 mm thick glass holds PS-43 bullets of 7.62 mm caliber from AKM. According to the certificate issued by the State Standard of Russia, such glass corresponds to the third class of protection and, in addition, is able to hold bullets from PM, TT pistols, AK-74 assault rifles and fragments from RGD-5, F-1 and RG-42 hand grenades.

Armored glass has protective properties

• withstands repeated impact of a freely falling body;
• resistant to penetration;
• withstands the impact of firearms (PM, TT pistols, AKM submachine gun, SVD rifle) and prevents through penetration of the damaging element.

Technologies for the production of armored glass

For the manufacture of bulletproof glass, flat or curved polished blanks with a thickness of 5 to 10 mm are used. In order to increase strength, they are glued together in a certain combination. Polyvinyl butyral film is used as fastening materials. Then a layer is glued to the inner surface of the glass, which protects against damage by secondary glass fragments. In this way, not only extremely strong, but also shatterproof glass is obtained.

Protective film in armored glass

The protective film has a very high transverse tensile strength. When applied to glass, it gives it the same properties: it greatly weakens deformations transverse to the glass surface, including microvibrations. If even a small transverse deflection occurs, the viscous polymer film quickly returns the glass (providing elastic deformation) to its normal position. Of course, a sufficiently strong impact can deflect the glass with the film from its undeformed position by the distance necessary for the fragile glass to still break. But at the same time, it remains in place, glued to the protective film.

Properties of the protective film of bulletproof glass

• strengthening glass - glass does not break when not too strong blows (when hit by a soft body, foot, stone or bottle);
• shatterproof - the film prevents fragments from entering the room even when the glass does break (therefore, the protective film is applied to the armored windows from the back);
• penetration protection - maintaining the integrity of the window (even after breaking) prevents an intruder from entering the room, providing protection similar to gratings;
• the possibility of listening is almost completely excluded by removing sound vibrations from the glass with special equipment;
• soundproofing properties (sound enters the room through the window due to mechanical vibrations of the glass, retransmitting street noise);
• well absorbs ultraviolet, keeping the interior from fading and providing protection from one type of heat transfer. As a result, the thermal isolation of the premises from the external environment increases and, as a result, the costs of heating the premises in winter and cooling in summer are reduced;
• with similar protective qualities, glass with a protective film can be knocked out from the inside of the room.

Requirements for installing bulletproof glazing

Protective panels must have a stability class not lower than the stability class of the protective glazing used. For class B1 (P1), the panels must be made of sheet steel with a thickness of at least 6 mm. For class B3 (P3) - from armored alloy sheets with a thickness of at least 4.5 ... 7 mm.

Trays for transferring money or documents, openings for negotiating must be designed to prevent the penetration of a bullet into the protected area when fired from outside.

Vertical supports must be securely fixed at ceiling and floor level. Horizontal structural members must be securely fastened at each joint and, if possible, fastened to the walls.

Doors to the protected area should provide the same level of protection as the bulletproof glazing used. In addition, they must open outward and be equipped with a self-locking lock.

Any window in the protected area must be protected by bulletproof glazing of the same class as that installed inside the premises.

Test methods for bulletproof glass

The essence of this method is to determine the resistance of laminated glass to the effects of certain types of firearms. The tests are carried out on three samples of laminated glass measuring 500×500 mm. Draw an equilateral triangle at the center of the test specimen with sides 120 mm long. Three shots are fired at the vertices of this triangle. Glass is considered to have passed the test in the absence of through penetration.

Test requirements for bulletproof glass

• the test sample is installed in a rigid frame with clamping devices;
• the rigid frame should not move under the impact of bullets;
• the test sample must be installed perpendicular to the direction of movement of the bullet;
• all four edges of the glass must be evenly clamped, the width of the clamp must be (30 ± 5) mm, while the target area must be at least 440 × 440 mm;
• clamping forces must prevent displacement of the sample during the test, while no stress should occur that affects the result.

Behind the test sample, a fragment storage box is installed, which is a chamber that serves to collect glass fragments separated from the rear surface of the test sample and a bullet that has passed through the test sample.

The bullet velocity measurement device is an electronic system that measures the time of flight of a bullet between two sensors - targets located at a fixed distance of 300 ... 500 mm along the bullet's flight path. When a bullet passes through the first target sensor, a pulse is generated, which turns on a frequency meter that counts the number of pulses generated by the high-frequency generator of the device. When the bullet passes through the second target sensor, the pulse is stopped. The speed of a bullet is determined by calculation. The bullet velocity is measured at a distance of not more than 2.5 m in front of the test specimen. The measurement error should not exceed 1.0 m/s.

When a bullet hits an obstacle, the bullet and the protection material itself are damaged: the huge kinetic energy of the bullet's movement is extinguished due to the deformation of the material being compressed and torn by it (inelastic deformation). Most bullets (for submachine guns or rifles) contain a very strong, heavy steel core that, after flattening the shell, penetrates deep into the material.

For the purity of the test, a sheet of thin metal foil is placed behind the test sample, by damage to which the test results can be determined. The protection class depends not only on the means of destruction, but also on the selected cartridge and bullet.

Testing bulletproof glass

• weapons and ammunition are selected according to the protection class for which the laminated glass is to be tested;
• before testing, several preliminary shots are fired to determine whether the actual impact speed is acceptable;
• the sample is installed in the frame with the attacked side to the weapon;
• three shots are fired at the test sample in accordance with the test conditions. The impact speed and the distance between the centers of three impacts are determined with an accuracy of 1 mm;
• inspect the test sample for the presence of through holes;
• check for the presence of glass fragments and fragments that have separated from the rear surface of the test sample in the box - the fragment accumulator;
• the nature of the lesion is controlled after each shot according to the state of the control screen and the back of the sample;
• lumbago is considered through penetration of the sample by a bullet or its fragment;
• glass is considered to have passed the test if there is no penetration of the control screen by a bullet or glass fragments.

Bulletproof glass classification according to bullet resistance

Video about armored glass

The bulletproof glass video was commissioned by the How It Works program.

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Armored windows or how to secure your home in the 21st century

Armored windows for the home are already beginning to cease to be something unique and inaccessible. Today's realities show that only with their installation you can gain confidence in the absolute protection of your own home. The year is 2016, and if you don't want to fall prey to today's offenders, then you need to keep up with the times and be aware of the latest security practices. I will try to give you enough information for this.

Reservations against bars

The owners of window bars can answer that, they say, they have already sufficiently taken care of the safety of their homes, and they do not need expensive window armor at all. Then I recommend paying attention to the significant disadvantages of using steel barriers, which armored glasses are deprived of:

1. The presence of vulnerabilities when trying to hack. As I mentioned above, now it is already the 21st century in the yard and attackers are armed with not only a crowbar and a set of master keys. For example, to eliminate steel bars, liquid nitrogen can be used, with which the task will be solved quickly and silently;

1. No bullet protection. The metal honeycomb construction will not stop bullets or small fragments. Is there anything that can happen on the street? Recent unfortunate events in Europe have shown that even the most prosperous areas can be at the epicenter of the situation with the use of firearms and explosives;

1. Panoramic view violation. Even beautiful forged products are not able to completely eliminate the oppressive feeling of the sky blocked by steel;

1. Reducing the level of fire safety. Deaf gratings not only do not let anyone in, but also do not let anyone out, which can play a fatal role in the event of a fire or other emergency. And even if a swing-type design with a lock is used, then, again, it will also take precious seconds, or even minutes, to search for the key.

The price of armored windows, although much higher than forged ones or bars, they are:

• Not hackable methods available to most robbers;
• Protect not only from penetration, but also from bullets and shrapnel;

• Will not affect the panoramic view in any way, as they have absolute transparency;

• Won't be an obstacle if necessary, an urgent exit through the window opening.

As you can see, the differences are very significant in order to think about the possibility of allocating sufficient funds for the purchase and installation of armored double-glazed windows.

Booking options

There are two ways:

1. Purchase and installation armored double-glazed window;
2. Booking window glass special film.

The first is undoubtedly more reliable and allows you to achieve maximum security, and the second, on the other hand, will cost less and can even be done by yourself, although the process itself is quite complicated. I'll take both:

Armored double-glazed window

To ensure the absolute impregnability of your window opening, of course, it is necessary to install a fully armored window, that is, not limited to strengthening the strength of glass alone, but also guarantee the resistance to mechanical stress of the frame itself.

Thus, we can talk about two components of the whole structure:

1. laminated glass reinforced with polyvinyl butyral film or polymer filling;

1. Multi-chamber profile frame with hardened steel inserts. At the same time, the appearance of the window is the same as that of a normal one.

When buying such a miracle of modern technology, ask how protected the joints of the frame with glass are, since they are the most vulnerable places in this design and must be covered by the "stuffing" of the profiles. Otherwise, the level of protection of the entire double-glazed window can be considered incomplete.

Previously, glasses were strengthened exclusively by pouring polymers into the gaps between them, now the use of PVB films is becoming more widespread. Why? To answer this question, it is enough to make a comparative description of some parameters of finished products:

1. Chroma:

• • With PVB, full transparency is guaranteed without the appearance of any shades for ten years;
  • When pouring polymers, yellowness may appear already in the first operational year as a result of exposure to ultraviolet radiation;

1. Optical distortion:

• When PVB is completely absent;
• When pouring polymers, it is possible if the substance is distributed unevenly;

1. bundle:

• When PVB is completely absent;
• When poured over time, it occurs due to a weak level of adhesion between polymers and glass;

1. Loss of protective functions:

• When PVB does not occur for at least ten years from the start of operation;
• When pouring gradually carried out;

1. Increase in thickness:

• At PVB the minimum;
• Noticeable when filling.

As a result, I concluded for myself that if I order bulletproof glass, then only those that are reinforced with polyvinyl butyral film. The cost of such double-glazed windows depends primarily on the protection class:

• 2nd class:

• 3rd class:

• 5th grade:

• Class 5a:

• 6th grade:

• Class 6a:

Reservation of glass with a film

Booking windows with film, as I noted above, is much cheaper. So, for example, if you order such a service from the appropriate company, then everything with work will cost you from 1000 rubles per square meter, which is many times cheaper than installing armored double-glazed windows. Of course, such a barrier will not save you from snipers, but it’s completely from breaking and even shrapnel.

Here is a classification showing the level of this protection method, taking into account the thickness of the glass, as well as the thickness and number of film layers:

Armored film on window panes can be installed independently. At first glance, the task does not look very difficult, but in fact it has a lot of "pitfalls", for the successful overcoming of which it is necessary to have at least some experience.

If you have doubts about whether you can handle glass armoring on your own or not, then it’s better to seek help from qualified specialists, or at least practice on a small window somewhere in the pantry or in the garage.
Otherwise, you run the risk of simply spoiling the applied material itself, the cost of which starts from three hundred rubles per 1 m 2, and the processed double-glazed window, which will cause much more damage to your family budget than paying for hired services.

The very same instruction for booking glass, which I used, looks like this:

1. Measured glass using a tape measure. To the data obtained, I added 10 mm on each side for cutting, but if you have them without a frame, then 5 mm will be enough;

1. Performed calculations in relation to a roll, the standard width of which is 1524 mm;
2. On the big table made an accurate cut canvases;
3. Prepared a solution by adding a few drops of shampoo to half a liter of distilled water;
4. Attached the cut fragments of the film to the glass by checking the match. In case of a positive result, proceeded to further operations;
5. I applied the mixed solution to the glass and carefully cleaned it with a scraper from dirt., after which he removed the remnants of foreign particles from a smooth surface with a special wash;

1. I repeated the procedure several times, achieving absolute purity. The fact is that getting the smallest grain in the gap between the film and glass can ruin the whole work;
2. Wetted the first fragment of the coating on both sides to prevent dust from getting on the adhesive layer and removed the lavsan from it;
3. Then again applied the solution to the side with glue and attached it to the glass;
4. The outside was also treated with the prepared liquid, after which with a yellow squeegee drove all the water out from under the film;

1. Trimmed the excess edges with a sharp knife;
2. Removed leftovers;
3. I left the coating to dry. During this period, there is such a strong connection of the film with glass at the molecular level that they become one.

Depending on the thickness of the applied material, the time for its complete drying also varies:

Conclusion

Metal, wooden and even plastic armored windows will become a reliable guarantee of its safety for your home. If their cost is too high for your family budget, then you can stop at booking glasses by applying a special protective film. It will come out much cheaper and will also be able to provide quite a decent level of protection.

The video in this article contains additional information related to the topic discussed. If you have any additional questions, then ask them in the comments.

In preparing the article, material from the site roststeklo.ru was used

For a long time, armored glass has become an integral element in protecting houses, shop windows, cars from intruders or armed attacks. Such a structural element is very often called transparent armor. Armored glasses have found wide application in the life of an ordinary person, and in power and security structures. Their importance in the modern world cannot be underestimated.

Armored window design

Armored glasses are translucent products that protect people and material property, valuables from theft, damage, damage, and also protect against penetration into the room from the outside through the window opening. These products include two elements:

1. Armored glass. It consists of several layers of transparent glasses, which are glued together with a polymeric material that hardens under the sun's rays. The thicker the product, the higher the level of protection.
2. Frame. It is made of aluminum or steel profile, very rarely of wood. To give the system protective properties, it is reinforced with heat-strengthened steel plates. Such overlays should reliably overlap the joint of the frame and glass.

The mass of finished armored structures can be more than 350 kg per square meter. This is ten times more than the weight of a conventional double-glazed window. To compensate for the mass, they are equipped with electric drives.

Types of armored glass

Armored glass is classified according to its ability to resist a certain type of destructive impact.

According to this criterion, all structures can be divided into several groups:

1. Windows with anti-vandal protection.
2. Break-resistant products.
3. Designs that protect against firearms.

Automotive protective structures are placed in a separate group, as they are subject to special requirements. armored glass and requirements for their manufacture are defined by GOST 51136-97 and GOST 51136-2008. Each type of transparent protection is installed for protection in specific conditions.

Anti-vandal glass

Anti-vandal windows protect people from splinters when intruders try to break it. They are a multi-layer double-glazed window with an air chamber, where a special one is glued onto the glass. The film, in turn, is made of thick plastic. The fragments "stick" to it, so that they do not scatter in different directions.

Such structures are used most often in commercial facilities and in the private sector to protect both windows and doors, as well as exhibition windows. According to GOST, they are divided into three classes - from A1 to A3, each of which is resistant to impact of a certain force.

burglary-resistant glass

Burglary-resistant armored glass differs from the vandal-resistant variety only in resistance to destructive effects. Such a product provides protection against repeated blows with a sledgehammer or hammer, and is able to withstand a ram by a car. Most often, such structures are used to protect banking institutions, shops, establishments with a large turnover of funds, as well as racks for storing narcotic drugs.

According to domestic standards, depending on how many blows a burglar-resistant glass can withstand, it is assigned a protection class from B1 to B3. The more blows with a blunt or sharp object the structure can withstand, the higher the class.

Bulletproof glass

Bulletproof glass provides protection against through penetration by bullets or their fragments. They are reinforced multilayer structures fastened with a special polymer material. Similar structures are installed at facilities where the risk of an armed attack is high: in departments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, at security posts, checkpoints and in other similar places.

Bulletproof glasses are divided into protection classes from B1 to B6a. Design tests are carried out with various types of firearms - from the Makarov pistol and Kalashnikov assault rifle to the Dragunov sniper rifle. During the tests, bullets of various weights and with a steel, heat-strengthened or special core are used.

Armored glass for a car

Reinforced side rear and windshields are installed in the car. Their main distinguishing feature is their service life. If a standard armored window can serve for several decades, then products for a car serve no more than 5-6 years. This is due to the nature of the loads that glasses are subjected to daily.

Such translucent armored elements are a multilayer double-glazed window, which is additionally reinforced with a shockproof film. Some of them, in addition to protection from flying fragments, protect against ultraviolet radiation. Often windshields are covered with a thicker film than side and rear ones.