October 1993 event Communist Party of the Russian Federation Crimean Republican Branch

In the early years of the existence of the Russian Federation, the confrontation President Boris Yeltsin and the Supreme Council led to an armed clash, the shooting of the White House and bloodshed. As a result, the system of government bodies that had existed since the times of the USSR was completely eliminated, and a new Constitution was adopted. AiF.ru recalls the tragic events of October 3-4, 1993.

Before the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, according to the Constitution of 1978, was empowered to resolve all issues within the jurisdiction of the RSFSR. After the USSR ceased to exist, the Supreme Soviet was an organ of the Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation (the highest authority) and still had enormous power and authority, despite the amendments to the Constitution on the separation of powers.

It turned out that the main law of the country, adopted under Brezhnev, limited the rights of the elected President of Russia, Boris Yeltsin, and he strove for the speedy adoption of a new Constitution.

In 1992-1993, a constitutional crisis erupted in the country. President Boris Yeltsin and his supporters, as well as the Council of Ministers, entered into a confrontation with the Supreme Soviet, chaired by Ruslana Khasbulatova, most of the People's Deputies of the Congress and Vice President Alexander Rutsky.

The conflict was connected with the fact that its parties completely differently represented the further political and socio-economic development of the country. They had especially serious differences over economic reforms, and no one was going to compromise.

Aggravation of the crisis

The crisis entered its active phase on September 21, 1993, when Boris Yeltsin announced in a televised address that he had issued a decree on a phased constitutional reform, according to which the Congress of People's Deputies and the Supreme Soviet were to cease their activities. He was supported by the Council of Ministers, headed by Viktor Chernomyrdin And Mayor of Moscow Yury Luzhkov.

However, under the current Constitution of 1978, the president did not have the authority to dissolve the Supreme Council and the Congress. His actions were regarded as unconstitutional, the Supreme Court decided to terminate the powers of President Yeltsin. Ruslan Khasbulatov even called his actions a coup d'état.

In the following weeks, the conflict only escalated. Members of the Supreme Council and people's deputies actually found themselves blocked in the White House, where communications and electricity were cut off and there was no water. The building was cordoned off by police and military personnel. In turn, opposition volunteers were given weapons to guard the White House.

The storming of Ostankino and the shooting of the White House

The situation of dual power could not continue for too long and eventually led to riots, armed clashes and the shooting of the House of Soviets.

On October 3, supporters of the Supreme Council gathered for a rally on October Square, then moved to the White House and unblocked it. Vice President Alexander Rutskoi urged them to storm the city hall on Novy Arbat and Ostankino. The city hall building was seized by armed demonstrators, but when they tried to get into the television center, a tragedy broke out.

To defend the television center in Ostankino, a detachment of special forces of the Ministry of Internal Affairs "Vityaz" arrived. An explosion occurred in the ranks of the fighters, from which Private Nikolai Sitnikov died.

After that, the "Knights" began to shoot at the crowd of supporters of the Supreme Council, who had gathered near the television center. Broadcasting of all TV channels from Ostankino was interrupted, only one channel remained on the air, broadcasting from another studio. An attempt to storm the television center was unsuccessful and led to the death of a number of demonstrators, military personnel, journalists and random people.

The next day, October 4, troops loyal to President Yeltsin launched an assault on the House of Soviets. The White House was shelled by tanks. A fire broke out in the building, due to which its facade was half blackened. Shots of shelling then spread around the world.

Onlookers gathered to watch the execution of the White House, putting themselves in danger because they fell into the field of view of snipers located on neighboring houses.

During the day, the defenders of the Supreme Council began to leave the building en masse, and by the evening they stopped resisting. Opposition leaders, including Khasbulatov and Rutskoi, were arrested. In 1994, the participants in these events were amnestied.

The tragic events of late September - early October 1993 claimed the lives of more than 150 people, about 400 people were injured. Among the dead were journalists who covered what was happening, and many ordinary citizens. October 7, 1993 was declared a day of mourning.

After October

The events of October 1993 led to the fact that the Supreme Council and the Congress of People's Deputies ceased to exist. The system of state bodies, left over from the times of the USSR, was completely eliminated.

Photo: commons.wikimedia.org

Before the elections to the Federal Assembly and the adoption of the new Constitution, all power was in the hands of President Boris Yeltsin.

On December 12, 1993, a popular vote was held on the new Constitution and elections to the State Duma and the Federation Council.

Some of them have already died. Most are still screwing up. The time will come and these degenerates will be overtaken by the people's punishment. Everyone. And directly killed and called to kill ...
________________________________________ ________

Yeltsin executioners. Punishers of the House of Soviets.

1. Yeltsin's "heroes" of October 1993 Leaders of the assault on the House of Soviets

The Minister of Defense directly led the assault on the House of Soviets P. Grachev(died), he was helped by the deputy. Defense Minister General K. Kobets(died). General Kobets's assistant was General D.Volkogonov(died). (According to Yu. Voronin, in the midst of the execution of the White House, he told him by phone: “The situation has changed. The President, as the Supreme Commander, signed an order to the Minister of Defense to storm the House of Soviets and took full responsibility. We will suppress the putsch at any cost. Order in Moscow will be guided by the forces of the army.")
Military units participating in the assault and their commanders:

• 2nd Guards Motorized Rifle (Tamanskaya) Division, Commander - Major General Evnevich Valery Gennadievich.


• 4th Guards Tank (Kantemirovskaya) Division, Commander - Major General Polyakov Boris Nikolaevich.


• 27th separate motorized rifle brigade (Teply Stan), commander - colonel Denisov Alexander Nikolaevich.


• 106th Airborne Division, commander - colonel Savilov Evgeniy Yurievich.


• 16th Special Forces Brigade, Commander - Colonel Tishin Evgeny Vasilievich.


• 216th separate special forces battalion, commander - lieutenant colonel Kolygin Viktor Dmitrievich.engaged in the preparation of the assault

• regiment commander lieutenant colonel Ignatov A.S.,


• Regimental Chief of Staff Lieutenant Colonel Istrenko A.S.,


• battalion commander Khomenko S.A.,


• battalion commander captain Susukin A.V.,

• deputy division commander lieutenant colonel Mezhov A.R.,


• regiment commander lieutenant colonel Kadatsky V.L.,


• regiment commander lieutenant colonel Arkhipov Yu.V.

• Petrakov I.A.,


• deputy tank battalion commander Brulevich V.V.,


• battalion commander major Rudoy P.K.,


• reconnaissance battalion commander lieutenant colonel Ermolin A.V.,


• tank battalion commander Serebryakov V.B.,


• deputy commander of a motorized rifle battalion Maslennikov A.I.,


• reconnaissance company captain Bashmakov S.A.,


• senior lieutenant Rusakov.

The officers who took part in the storming of the House of Soviets received 5 million rubles (about $4,200) each as a reward, the OMON officers were given 200,000 rubles (about $330) twice each, the privates received 100,000 rubles each, and so on.

All in all, at least 11 billion rubles (9 million dollars) were spent on encouraging those who especially distinguished themselves, apparently - this amount was taken out of the Goznak factory and ... disappeared (!). (At that time, the dollar exchange rate was 1200 rubles.)

***

Yegor Gaidar and snipers in October 1993

A bloodbath near the walls of the Russian parliament, when on October 3, 1993, the “chief rescuer” Sergei Shoigu issued a thousand machine guns to the First Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers Yegor Gaidar, who was preparing to “defend democracy” from the Constitution. More than 1000 units small arms (AKS-74U assault rifles with ammunition!) from the Ministry of Emergency Situations were distributed by Yegor Gaidar into the hands of "defenders of democracy", incl. Boxer militants. On the "pre-shooting" night at the Moscow City Council, where Yegor Gaidar called on TV in 20:40, gathered crowds of Hasidim! And from the Moscow Soviet balcony, someone simply called for the killing of "these pigs who call themselves Russian and Orthodox." Alexander Korzhakov’s book “Boris Yeltsin: From Dawn Till Dusk” reports that when Yeltsin scheduled the capture of the White House at 7 am on October 4 with the arrival of tanks, the Alpha group refused to storm, considering everything that was happening unconstitutional and demanding the conclusion of the Constitutional Court. The Vilnius scenario of 1991, where "Alfa" was dealt the meanest blow, as if a carbon copy, was repeated in Moscow in October 1993: http://expertmus.livejournal.com/3897... Both there and here were involved "unknown" snipers who shot in the back of the opposing sides. In one of the communities, our message about snipers was followed by a comment that “these were Israeli snipers who, under the guise of athletes, were placed in the Ukraine Hotel, from where they conducted aimed fire.” So where did those same armored personnel carriers with armed civilians (!) come from, who opened fire on the defenders of the parliament FIRST, provoking all further bloodshed? By the way, the Ministry of Emergency Situations had not only “white KAMAZ trucks” from which weapons were handed out at the Moscow City Council, but also armored vehicles! A year earlier, on the night of November 1, 1992, Shoigu, sent by the same Gaidar (then acting prime minister) to Vladikavkaz to resolve the Ossetian-Ingush conflict, transferred 57 T-72 tanks (together with crews) to the North Ossetian police.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gWd9SLa6nd8#t=24

Erin V.F., General of the Army, Minister of Internal Affairs of Russia, one of the main participants in the October events of 1993.
In September 1993, he supported the decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 1400 on constitutional reform, the dissolution of the Congress of People's Deputies and the Supreme Council. The units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, subordinate to Erin, dispersed opposition rallies, participated in the siege and storming of the House of Soviets of Russia.

On October 1, 1993 (a few days before the dispersal of the parliament by tanks), Yerin was awarded the rank of army general. He took an active part in the armed suppression of the defenders of the Supreme Council on October 3-4. On October 8, he received the title of Hero of the Russian Federation for this. On October 20, Boris N. Yeltsin appointed him a member of the Security Council of the Russian Federation.
On March 10, 1995, the State Duma expressed no confidence in VF Yerin (268 deputies voted for no confidence in the Minister of Internal Affairs). On June 30, 1995, after the failure of the hostage release in Budyonovsk, he resigned. In 1995-2000 - Deputy Director of the Foreign Intelligence Service of the Russian Federation. Retired since 2000.

Lysyuk S.I.., lieutenant colonel, commander of the Vityaz special forces detachment (until 1994).
On October 3, 1993, the Vityaz detachment under the command of Lieutenant Colonel S.I. Lysyuk opened fire on the people besieging the Ostankino television center, as a result of which at least 46 people were killed and 114 wounded. On October 7, 1993, "for courage and heroism" shown during the execution of unarmed defenders of the constitution, he was awarded the title of Hero of Russia. He does not hide the fact that the command to open fire was given to them, which he does not hesitate to talk about on television.
Now retired, promoted to colonel, became president of the Association for Social Protection of Special Forces "Brotherhood of Maroon Berets" Vityaz "" and a member of the board of the Union of Anti-Terror Veterans.

Belyaev Nikolai Alexandrovich- Chief of Staff of the 119th Guards Airborne Regiment (106th Guards Airborne Division). Also awarded.

Shoigu Sergey- Faithful Yeltsin jackal! Mode accomplice. At the moment, the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation.

Evnevich Valery Gennadievich. From 1992 to 1995 - Commander of the Taman Guards Motor Rifle Division of the Moscow Military District. In October 1993, he participated in the dispersal of the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation, his division shot down the building of the White House.

KADATSKY V.L.., criminal, executioner 1993.Now VL Kadatsky is the head of the Department of Regional Security of the city of Moscow. Friend of S.S. Sobyanin

Nikolai Ignatov- killed Russian people in the rank of lieutenant colonel. Lieutenant General, Deputy Commander of the Airborne Forces

Konstantin Kobets. Since September 1992 - Chief Military Inspector of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation; simultaneously from June 1993 - Deputy, and from January 1995 - Secretary of State - Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation. Died in 2012.

Colonel DENISOV ALEXANDER NIKOLAEVICH
27th separate motorized rifle brigade (Teply Stan).
1995-1998 - Commander of the 4th Guards Kantemirovskaya Tank Division of the Moscow Military District; since 1998, he has served as military commandant.

Colonel SAVILOV EVGENY YURIEVICH
106th Airborne Division.
In 1993-2004, he commanded the 106th Tula Guards Red Banner Order of Kutuzov II degree airborne division.
Savilov was awarded three orders and other state awards. In the period from 2004 to 2008 he was an adviser to the governor of the Ryazan region. By decree of the President of the Russian Federation, he was awarded the honorary title of Honored Military Specialist of the Russian Federation.

Kulikov Anatoly Sergeevich- lieutenant general, commander of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

On October 3, 1993, at 16.05, he gave the order to the Vityaz detachment by radio "to advance to strengthen the security of the Ostankino complex." Witnesses-journalists (including those from pro-presidential newspapers - Izvestia, Komsomolskaya Pravda) later said that the armored vehicles of the internal troops fired indiscriminately both at the demonstrators and at the Ostankino TV tower and surrounding houses. A. Kulikov himself claimed that the Vityaz opened fire on people led by General A. Makashov only after N. Sitnikov, a Vityaz fighter, was killed by a grenade launcher at 19.10, and that government forces “... did not open fire first. The use of weapons was targeted. There was no continuous zone of fire ... ". According to the results of the official investigation, there was no shot from a grenade launcher at all (the flash of an explosive package thrown from the TV center building by one of the "Vityaz" was mistaken for it). In clashes near Ostankino, one fighter of the government side, several dozens of unarmed demonstrators, two employees of Ostankino and 3 journalists, including two of them foreign (all employees and journalists were killed by A. Kulikov's subordinates), were killed.
As gratitude for the execution of unarmed demonstrators, A. Kulikov received in October 1993 the rank of colonel general.
Since July 1995 - Minister of the Interior of the Russian Federation, since November - General of the Army. Since February 1997 - Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation - Minister of Internal Affairs. He was a member of the Security Council of the Russian Federation (1995-1998), the Defense Council of the Russian Federation (1996-1998).
It was under Kulikov that the internal troops in the Russian Federation grew to an incredible scale - more than 10 divisions, turning, in fact, into the second army of Russia. In the internal troops, according to some experts, there are only two times fewer military personnel than in the Russian army, and at the same time, the financing of the explosives is much more complete and better. As the Moskovsky Komsomolets newspaper noted (February 13, 1997), the fact that the "domestic gendarmerie corps" has grown to such a scale can only mean one thing: "our authorities are afraid of their people much more than any aggressive NATO bloc."
In March 1998, the government of V. S. Chernomyrdin was dismissed, while A. S. Kulikov was removed from all posts. In December 1999 he was elected a deputy of the State Duma of the 3rd convocation, in December 2003 - a deputy of the 4th convocation. Member of the United Russia faction. Since 2007 - President of the Club of Military Leaders of the Russian Federation.

Romanov Anatoly Alexandrovich- Lieutenant General, Deputy Commander of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, torturer of prisoners of the Krasnaya Presnya stadium.
On December 31, 1994, by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation, he was awarded the Order of Military Merit No. 1. On November 5, 1995, by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation, he was awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation. On November 7, 1995, by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation, he was awarded the military rank of Colonel General.
On October 6, 1995, as a result of a terrorist act, he was seriously wounded in the city of Grozny, miraculously survived, but remained disabled. Since then, he has been in a coma.

F. Klintsevich

2. Bedding of the Yeltsin regime

Address by Grigory Yavlinsky in October 1993

Grigory Yavlinsky, founder of the Yabloko party, during the confrontation between the President of the Russian Federation and the Supreme Council in September-October 1993, he eventually sided with Yeltsin.

The evolution of meanness. Ghouls of Ostankino in 1993

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3yIS7pHUJo0

TV HOSES in 1993. About the events of October 3-4, 1993 and Yeltsin's TV bedding
The first series shows what they are talking about now and what they were talking about on the eve of the execution of the Supreme Council and the defenders of the Constitution in October 1993, the following scum, nonhumans and accomplices in seizing power in the country (that is, a crime without a statute of limitations, for which the death penalty is due and 18 years ago and now): Mikhail Efremov, Liya Akhedzhakova, Dmitry Dibrov, Grigory Yavlinsky, Yegor Gaidar.

Liya Akhedzhakova in 1993 about the execution of the Parliament. The old witch rages

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Iz8IX0XygI

The well-known letter of intellectual bastards to the newspaper "Izvestia" - Crush the reptile! dated October 5, 1993 signed:

Ales Adamovich,
Anatoly ANANEV,
Artem ANFINOGENOV,
Bella AKHMADULINA,
Grigory BAKLANOV,
Zori BALAYAN,
Tatyana BEK,
Alexander BORSHAGOVSKY,
Vasil BYKOV,
Boris VASILEV,
Alexander GELMAN,
Daniel GRANIN,
Yuri DAVYDOV,
Daniil DANIN,
Andrey DEMENTEV,
Mikhail DUDIN,
Alexander Ivanov,
Edmund IODKOVSKY,
Rimma KAZAKOVA,
Sergey KALEDIN,
Yuri KARYAKIN,
Yakov Kostyukovsky,
Tatiana KUZOVLEVA,
Alexander KUSHNER,
Yuri LEVITANSKY,
Academician D.S. LIHACHEV,
Yuri NAGIBIN,
Andrey NUIKIN,
Bulat OKUDZHABA,
Valentin OSKOTSKY,
Grigory POZHENYAN,
Anatoly PRISTAVKIN,
Lion CROSSING,
Alexander REKEMCHUK,
Robert CHRISTMAS,
Vladimir SAVELYEV,
Vasily SELYUNIN,
Yuri CHERNICHENKO,
Andrey CHERNOV,
Marietta CHUDAKOVA,
Mikhail CHULAKI,
Viktor Astafiev.

Sources of information.

How many lives did the 1993 massacre claim? To the 20th anniversary of the tragic events

And the Lord said to Cain, Where is Abel your brother?... And he said, What have you done? the voice of your brother's blood cries out to me from the ground (Gen. 4:9, 10)

Twenty years separate us from the tragic autumn of 1993. But the main question of those bloody events still remains unanswered - how many lives did the October massacre claim in total? In 2010, the book Forgotten Victims of October 1993 was published, where, by virtue of his abilities, the author tried to get closer to the solution. The purpose of this article is to acquaint the indifferent reader, first of all, with those facts that, for various reasons, were not reflected in the book, or were discovered recently.

Briefly about the formal essence of the problem. The official list of the dead, presented on July 27, 1994 by the investigation team of the General Prosecutor's Office of Russia, includes 147 people: in Ostankino - 45 civilians and 1 military personnel, in the "White House area" - 77 civilians and 24 military personnel of the Ministry of Defense and the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Former investigator of the Prosecutor General's Office of Russia Leonid Georgievich Proshkin, who worked in 1993-95 as part of the investigative-operational group investigating the October events, stated that on October 3-4, 1993, at least 123 civilians were killed and at least 348 people were injured. Somewhat later, he clarified that we could talk about at least 124 dead. Leonid Georgievich explained that he used the term “at least” because he admits “the possibility of a slight increase in the number of victims due to unidentified ... dead and wounded citizens.” “I admit,” he clarified, “that for various reasons several people could not be on our list, maybe three or five.”

Even a superficial examination of the official list raises a number of questions. Of the 122 civilians officially declared dead, only 18 are residents of other regions of Russia and neighboring countries, the rest, not counting a few dead citizens from far abroad, are residents of the Moscow region. It is known that quite a few non-residents came to defend the parliament, including those from rallies at which lists of volunteers were compiled. But loners prevailed, some of them came to Moscow behind the scenes.

They were led to the House of Soviets by pain for Russia: rejection of the betrayal of national interests, the criminalization of the economy, the policy of curtailing industrial and agricultural production, the imposition of alien "values", propaganda of corruption. In the days of the blockade, old women were on duty at the fires - they recalled the war, partisan detachments. On the morning of October 4, they were among the first to be shot by stormtroopers. “How many familiar faces we have not met for the fifth year at our meetings of twin brothers,” journalist N.I. wrote in 1998. Gorbachev. - Who are they all? Out-of-towners who have gone home or missing? A lot of them. And this is only from our acquaintances.

On October 4, 1993, many hundreds of mostly unarmed people found themselves in the House of Soviets and in its immediate vicinity. And starting from about 6 hours 40 minutes in the morning, their mass destruction began.

The first casualties near the parliament building appeared when the defenders' symbolic barricades broke through the armored personnel carriers, opening fire to kill. However, Pavel Yuryevich Bobryashov, even before the start of the attack by armored personnel carriers, noticed a man on the roof of the building of the American embassy. When that man stopped, another bullet struck at the feet of the barricades. Here is the chronology of the execution, compiled by Eduard Anatolyevich Korenev, an eyewitness defender of the Supreme Council: “6 hours 45 minutes. Two armored personnel carriers passed under the windows, an elderly man came out to them with an accordion. At rallies and demonstrations, he sang and played lyrical songs, ditties, dance songs, many knew him as Sasha the harmonist. Before he had time to move away from the entrance, he was shot at point-blank range from an armored personnel carrier. At 6:50 a.m. A guy in a leather jacket with a white rag in his hand came out of the tent near the barricade, went to the armored personnel carriers, said something there for about a minute, turned back, walked 25 meters away and fell down, mowed down by a burst. 6 hours 55 minutes A massive fire begins on the unarmed defenders of the barricade. People are running and crawling across the square and across the square, carrying the wounded. Machine guns of armored personnel carriers shoot at them, and machine guns from behind the towers. One armored personnel carrier cuts them off from the entrance with a burst, they jump into the front garden, and immediately another armored personnel carrier covers them with a burst. A boy of about seventeen, hiding behind a Kamaz, crawled towards the wounded man writhing on the grass; they are both shot with multiple barrels. 7:00 a.m. Without any warning, armored personnel carriers begin shelling the House of Soviets.

“In front of our eyes, armored personnel carriers shot unarmed old women, young people who were in tents and near them,” recalled Lieutenant V.P. Shubochkin. - We saw how a group of orderlies ran to the wounded colonel, but two of them were killed. A few minutes later, the sniper also finished off the colonel. A volunteer doctor says: “Two orderlies were killed on the spot while trying to pick up the wounded from the street, near the twentieth entrance. Those wounded were also shot point-blank. We didn’t even have time to find out the names of the boys in white coats, they looked to be eighteen years old. Deputy RS Mukhamadiev witnessed how women in white coats ran out of the parliament building. They were holding white handkerchiefs in their hands. But as soon as they bend down to help the man lying in the blood, they were cut off by bullets from a heavy machine gun. “The girl who bandaged our wounded,” Sergey Korzhikov testifies, “died. The first wound was in the stomach, but she survived. In this state, she tried to crawl to the door, but the second bullet hit her in the head. So she remained lying in a white medical coat, covered in blood.

Journalist Irina Taneeva, not yet fully aware that the assault was beginning, observed the following from the window of the House of Soviets: Three BMDs ran into the bus from three sides at breakneck speed and shot him. The bus burst into flames. People tried to get out of there and immediately fell dead, slain by the dense fire of the BMD. Blood. Nearby Zhiguli, full of people, were also shot and burned. Everyone died."

Moscow State University teacher Sergei Petrovich Surnin was not far from the eighth entrance of the White House at the time of the beginning of the assault. “Between the overpass and the corner of the building,” he recalled, “there were about 30-40 people hiding from the armored personnel carriers that started shooting in our direction. Suddenly, from the rear of the building in front of the balcony there was a strong shooting. Everyone lay down, everyone was unarmed, they lay quite tightly. Armored personnel carriers passed us and from a distance of 12-15 meters they shot those lying - one third of those lying nearby were killed or wounded. Moreover, in the immediate vicinity of me - three dead, two wounded: next to me, to my right, a dead man, another dead behind me, in front of at least one dead.

According to the testimony of the artist Anatoly Leonidovich Nabatov, on the first floor in the eighth entrance to the left of the hall, from one hundred to two hundred corpses were stacked. His boots were soaked with blood. Anatoly Leonidovich went up to the sixteenth floor, saw corpses in the corridors, brains on the walls. On the sixteenth floor, in the first half of the day, he noticed a man who reported on the walkie-talkie about the movement of people. Anatoly Leonidovich handed him over to the Cossacks. The detainee had a foreign journalist's ID. The Cossacks released the "journalist".

R.S. Mukhamadiev, in the midst of the assault, heard from his colleague, a deputy, a professional doctor elected from the Murmansk region, the following: “Already five rooms are full of dead people. And the wounded are countless. More than a hundred people lie in the blood. But we don't have anything. There are no bandages, not even iodine ... ". The President of Ingushetia, Ruslan Aushev, told Stanislav Govorukhin on the evening of October 4 that 127 corpses were taken out of the White House under him, but many were still left in the building.

The number of dead was significantly increased by the shelling of the House of Soviets with tank shells. From the direct organizers and leaders of the shelling, one can hear that harmless blanks were fired at the building. For example, former Russian Defense Minister P.S. Grachev stated the following: “We fired at the White House with six blanks from one tank at one pre-selected window in order to force the conspirators to leave the building. We knew that there was no one outside the window.

However, the testimonies completely refute such statements. As correspondents of the Moskovskiye Novosti newspaper recorded, at about 11:30 a.m. in the morning, shells pierce the House of Soviets through and through: from the opposite side of the building, simultaneously with a shell hit, 5-10 windows and thousands of sheets of stationery fly out. “Suddenly a tank gun crashed,” the Trud newspaper journalist was amazed at what he saw, “and it seemed to me that a flock of pigeons flew over the House ... It was glass and debris. They circled in the air for a long time. Then thick and dense black smoke poured out of the windows somewhere at the level of the twelfth floor into the blue sky. I was surprised that there were red curtains in the House of Soviets. Then it became clear that these were not curtains, but flames.

People's Deputy of Russia B.D. Babaev, who was with other deputies in the hall of the Council of Nationalities (in the safest place of the White House), recalled: “At some point we feel a powerful explosion, shaking the building ... I recorded such exceptionally powerful explosions 3 or 4".

“What was going on up there,” recalled the deputy of the Supreme Council S.N. Reshulsky in 2003, “is beyond words. These pictures have been standing before my eyes for ten years. And they will never be forgotten." S.V. Rogozhin testifies: “We went to the central lobby. There, surrounded by our guys and officers Makashov, our fifteen-year-old fighter Danila stood and showed a cloth bag. It turned out that Danila was snooping around the upper floors in search of food and came under fire from tank guns. An explosion threw him down the corridor, a shell fragment pierced the bag and the loaf of Borodino bread lying in it. Danila said that he ran down through the shelled floors, where many of the dead lie - most of the unarmed people went up to the upper floors, which are safer under automatic and machine-gun fire.

Moscow City Council deputy Viktor Kuznetsov (after the October tragedy he took the priesthood) was in the parliament building being shot. Approximately at 13:30. he joined a group of defenders who were about to climb to the upper floors and roof of the building to prevent a helicopter landing. “We only reached the eighth floor,” the priest recalled. - It's impossible to go any further. Acrid smoke obscures the eyes... The smell of burnt meat and the sweetish smell of blood are added to this causticity. Quite often you have to step over people lying in different poses. There are many dead everywhere, blood on the walls, on the floor, in broken rooms ... They tried to shock, to find out if anyone was wounded? None of them showed signs of life. We go along the floor, along the broken corridor. It is not possible to go further, the flames from the windows and the same acrid smoke blown by the wind rushing into the broken windows stop. We decide to stop at one of the windows overlooking the City Hall building... A terrible blow shook the entire basement of the building. The shock wave in an all-destroying whirlwind swept through all the rooms, with a crunch, crackling of the crust, breaking, pressing and crushing everything and everyone that was in the way. Those who climbed here were lucky, a strong bearing wall saved them from a deadly squall. Others were less fortunate. Here and there, lying parts of human bodies, splashes of blood on the walls spoke of many things. Assessing the situation, the leader of the group ordered Kuznetsov and the “thin guy” to go down. The rest "in smoke and dust began to climb up."

There were many victims in the second entrance of the White House (one of the tank shells hit the basement).

In a conversation with the editor-in-chief of the Zavtra newspaper A. Prokhanov, Major General of the Ministry of Defense said that, according to his data, 64 shots were fired from tanks. Some of the ammunition was a volumetric explosion, which caused huge destruction and casualties among the defenders of Parliament.

Not far from the first-aid post in the eighth entrance, where T.I. Kartintseva provided assistance to the wounded, a shell hit one of the rooms. When they broke down the door into that room, they saw that everything there had burned out and turned into black-and-gray "cotton wool". Human rights activist Yevgeny Vladimirovich Yurchenko, while in the White House during the shelling, saw two offices where everything was folded inward, into a heap, after shells hit it.

According to the writer N.F. Ivanov and major-general of militia V.S. Ovchinsky (in 1992-1995 assistant to the First Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs E.A. film camera and walked through many offices. The captured film is stored in the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

Vladimir Semyonovich Ovchinsky recalls: “On October 5, 1993, the head of the press service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs showed the heads of various departments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs a film that the press service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs had made immediately after the arrest of deputies, leaders of the Supreme Council. She was the first to enter the burning building of the White House. And I myself saw this film from beginning to end. It is about 45 minutes. They walked through the burned-out offices, and the comments were as follows: “There was a safe in this place, now there is a melted spot, metal, in this place there was another safe - here is a melted spot.” And there were about ten such comments. From this, I conclude that in addition to ordinary blanks, they fired shaped charges, which burned everything in some offices along with people. And there were not 150 corpses, but much more. They lay in piles, littered with ice, on the basement floor in black bags. It's also on tape. And this was said by the employees who entered the building of the White House after the assault. I testify to this, even on the constitution, even on the Bible.

In addition to the shelling of the parliament building from tanks, infantry fighting vehicles, armored personnel carriers, automatic and sniper fire, which lasted all day, executions were carried out both in the White House and around it, both the immediate defenders of the parliament and citizens who accidentally found themselves in the combat zone.

According to the written testimony of a former employee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, in the eighth and twentieth entrances from the first to the third floors, the riot police massacred the defenders of the parliament: they cut, finished off the wounded, and raped women. The captain of the 1st rank, Viktor Konstantinovich Kashintsev, testifies: “At about 2.30 p.m. a guy from the third floor made his way to us, covered in blood, squeezed out through sobs: “They open the rooms downstairs with grenades and shoot everyone, he survived, because he was unconscious, apparently, they took him for the dead.” One can only guess about the fate of most of the wounded left in the White House. “For some reason, the wounded were dragged from the lower floors to the upper ones,” recalled a man from A.V. Rutskoy’s entourage. Then they could just finish off.

Many were shot or beaten to death after they left the parliament building. They tried to drive those who came out from the side of the embankment through the yard and the entrances of the house along Glubokoy Lane. “In the entrance, where they pushed us,” I.V. Savelyeva testifies, “it was full of people. There were screams from the upper floors. Everyone was searched, their jackets and coats were torn off - they were looking for servicemen and policemen (those who were on the side of the defenders of the House of Soviets), they were immediately taken away somewhere ... When we were shot, a policeman - the defender of the House of Soviets - was wounded. Someone shouted over the riot police radio: “Do not shoot at the entrances! Who will clean up the corpses?!” The shooting did not stop on the street.

A group of 60-70 civilians who left the White House after 7 p.m. were led by riot police along the embankment to Nikolaev Street and, having led them into the yards, they were brutally beaten, and then finished off with automatic bursts. Four managed to run into the entrance of one of the houses, where they hid for about a day. Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Nikolaevich Romanov was brought into the yard with a group of prisoners. There he saw a large pile of "rags". I looked closely - the corpses of the executed. The shooting intensified in the yard, and the convoy was distracted. Alexander Nikolaevich managed to run to the arch and leave the yard. Viktor Kuznetsov, with a group of people hiding under the arch, ran across the street, which was being shot through with dense fire. Three remained lying motionless in the open space.

A member of the Union of Officers shared his memories of the exodus from the House of Soviets. Here is what he said: “Arrived from Leningrad on October 27th. A few days later he was transferred to the protection of Makashov ... On October 3, we went to Ostankino ... From Ostankino we arrived at 3 o'clock in the morning to the Supreme Council. At 7 o'clock in the morning, when the assault began, I was with Makashov on the first floor at the main entrance. Directly participated in the battles... The wounded were not allowed to be taken out... I left the building at 18:00. We were directed to the central staircase. About 600-700 people gathered on the stairs ... The Alpha officer said that because the buses can’t come up - they are blocked by Yeltsin’s supporters, then they will take us out of the cordon so that we can go to the metro on our own and go home. At the same time, one of the Alpha officers said: “It’s a pity for the guys what will happen to them now.”

We were taken to the nearest residential building. As soon as we reached the alley, fire was opened on us, automatic, sniper fire, from the roofs and the alley. 15 people were immediately killed and wounded. People all ran to the entrances and to the yard of the well house. I was taken prisoner. I was arrested by a police officer with a threat that if I refused to approach him, they would open fire on the women to kill. He took me to three Beytar soldiers armed with sniper rifles. When they saw the Union of Officers badge and camouflage uniform on my chest, they tore off the badge and pulled all the documents out of my pockets and started beating me. At the same time, on the opposite side, near the tree, there were four shot young guys, two of whom were “Barkashovites”. At that moment, two Vityaz fighters approached, one of them an officer, the other a foreman. One of the Betarites gave them my apartment keys as a keepsake.

When the women at the entrance saw that I was about to be shot, they began to break out of the entrance. These Beitarovites started beating them with rifle butts. At that moment, the foreman picked me up, and the officer gave me the keys and told me to go under the cover of women to other yards. When we got there, we were immediately warned that there was an ambush near the school, another OMON unit was stationed there. They ran into the hallway. We were met there by Chechens, in whose apartment we hid until the morning of October 5... We were 5 people... At night there were constant single shots, beatings of people. It was clearly visible and audible. All entrances were checked at the time of discovery of the defenders of the Supreme Council.

Georgy Georgievich Gusev also ended up in that ill-fated yard. They fired from the opposite wing of the house. People rushed into the loose. Georgy Georgievich hid in one of the entrances until 2 am. At 2 o'clock in the morning, unknown people came and offered to take those who wished out of the zone. Gusev slowed down a little, but when he left the entrance, those unknown people were no longer visible, and the dead were lying near the arch, the first three who responded to the call of strangers. Turning 180 degrees, he hid in the thermal basement, unscrewing the light bulb. I sat in the basement until 5 o'clock in the morning. Finally, when he was released, he saw two people who looked like Beitars. One of them said to the other: "Gusev must be here somewhere." Georgy Georgievich again had to take refuge in one of the entrances of the house. Climbing up to the attic, in the front door and on the floors I saw blood and a lot of scattered clothes.

Judging by the testimony of G.G. Gusev, T.I. Kartintseva, deputy of the Supreme Council I.A. Shashviashvili, in addition to the riot police, in the courtyard and at the entrances of the house along Glubokoe Lane, the detainees were beaten and killed by unknown "in a strange form."

Tamara Ilyinichna Kartintseva, together with some other people who left the House of Soviets, hid in the basement of that house. I had to stand in the water because of a broken heating pipe. According to Tamara Ilyinichna, they ran past, there was a clatter of boots, boots, they were looking for the defenders of the parliament. Suddenly, she heard a dialogue between two punishers:

There's a basement somewhere, they're in the basement.

There is water in the basement. They're still all over there anyway.

Let's throw a grenade!

Yes, well, anyway, we will shoot them - not today, so tomorrow, not tomorrow, so in six months, we will shoot all Russian pigs.

On the morning of October 5, local residents saw many dead in the yards. A few days after the events, the correspondent of the Italian newspaper "L` Unione Sarda" Vladimir Koval examined the entrances of the house on Glubokoe Lane. He found broken teeth and strands of hair, although, as he writes, "it seems to have been cleaned up, even sprinkled with sand in some places."

A tragic fate befell many of those who, on the evening of October 4, left the side of the Asmaral (Krasnaya Presnya) stadium located on the back side of the House of Soviets. The executions at the stadium began in the early evening of October 4, and, according to the residents of the houses adjacent to it, who saw how the detainees were shot, "this bloody bacchanalia continued all night." The first group was driven to the concrete fence of the stadium by submachine gunners in spotted camouflage. An armored personnel carrier drove up and slashed the prisoners with machine-gun fire. In the same place, at dusk, the second group was shot.

Anatoly Leonidovich Nabatov, shortly before leaving the House of Soviets, watched from the window as a large group of people was brought to the stadium, according to Nabatov, 150-200 people, and they were shot at the wall adjacent to Druzhinnikovskaya Street.

Gennady Portnov also almost became a victim of the brutalized riot police. “A prisoner, I walked in the same group with two people's deputies,” he recalled. - They were pulled out of the crowd, and they began to drive us with butts to a concrete fence ... Before my eyes, people were put against the wall and, with some pathological gloating, clip after clip was released into the already dead bodies. The wall itself was slippery with blood. Not at all embarrassed, the riot police tore off the clocks and rings from the dead. There was a hitch and we - the five defenders of the parliament - were left unattended for some time. One young guy rushed to run, but he was instantly laid down with two single shots. Then they brought us three more - "Barkashovites" - and ordered to stand at the fence. One of the “Barkashovites” shouted in the direction of residential buildings: “We are Russians! God is with us!" One of the riot police shot him in the stomach and turned to me.” Gennady was saved by a miracle.

Alexander Alexandrovich Lapin, who spent three days, from the evening of October 4 to October 7, at the stadium “on death row” testifies: “After the House of Soviets fell, its defenders were taken to the wall of the stadium. They separated those who were in Cossack uniforms, in police uniforms, in camouflage, military, who had any party documents. Those who had nothing, like me... were leaned against a tall tree... And we saw how our comrades were shot in the back... Then they drove us into the locker room... We were kept for three days. No food, no water, most importantly, no tobacco. Twenty people."

At night, frantic shooting was repeatedly heard from the stadium and heart-rending cries were heard. Many were shot near the pool. According to a woman who lay all night under one of the private cars that remained on the territory of the stadium, “the dead were dragged to the pool, about twenty meters away, and dumped there.” At 5 am on October 5, Cossacks were still being shot at the stadium.

Yuri Evgenyevich Petukhov, the father of Natasha Petukhova, who was shot on the night of October 3-4 at the television center in Ostankino, testifies: “Early in the morning of October 5, it was still dark, I drove up to the burning White House from the side of the park ... I approached to the cordon of very young tank guys with a photo of my Natasha, and they told me that there were many corpses in the stadium, there are still in the building and in the basement of the White House ... I returned to the stadium and went there from the side of the monument to the victims of 1905. There were a lot of people shot at the stadium. Some of them were without shoes and belts, some were crushed. I was looking for my daughter and went around all the executed and tormented heroes. Yuri Evgenievich specified that the executed were mostly lying along the wall. Among them were many young guys aged about 19, 20, 25 years old. “The look in which they were,” recalled Petukhov, “suggests that before they died, the guys drank dashingly in abundance.” On September 21, 2011, on the Day of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin, I managed to meet with Yu.E. Petukhov. He noticed that he was able to visit the stadium at about 7 am on October 5, i.e., when the executioners had already left the stadium, but the "orderlies" had not yet arrived. According to him, about 50 corpses were lying along the stadium wall facing Druzhinnikovskaya Street.

Eyewitness accounts make it possible to establish the main firing points in the stadium. The first is the corner of the stadium, facing the beginning of Zamorenov Street and then representing a blank concrete wall. The second is in the right (when viewed from Zamorenov Street) far corner, adjacent to the White House. There is a small swimming pool and not far from it a nook-platform between two light buildings. According to local residents, there the prisoners were stripped to their underwear and shot several people at a time. The third shooting point, judging by the stories of A.L. Nabatov and Yu.E. Petukhov, is along the wall overlooking Druzhinnikovskaya Street.

On the morning of October 5, the entrance to the stadium was closed. On that and subsequent days, as local residents testify, armored personnel carriers drove around there, watering trucks drove in and out to wash off the blood. But on October 12, it started to rain, and "the earth responded with blood" - bloody streams flowed through the stadium. Something was burning at the stadium. There was a sweet smell. They probably burned the clothes of the dead.

When the House of Soviets had not yet burned down, the authorities had already begun to falsify the number of deaths in the October tragedy. Late in the evening of October 4, 1993, an informational message passed in the media: "Europe hopes that the number of victims will be kept to a minimum." The recommendation of the West was heard in the Kremlin.

Early in the morning of October 5, 1993, B.N. Yeltsin called the head of the presidential administration, S.A. Filatov. The following conversation took place between them:

Sergei Alexandrovich, ... for your information, one hundred and forty-six people died during all the days of the rebellion.

It's good that you said, Boris Nikolaevich, otherwise there was a feeling that 700-1500 people died. It would be necessary to print the lists of the dead.

I agree, please fix it.

How many dead were taken to Moscow morgues on October 3-4? In the first days after the October massacre, employees of morgues and hospitals refused to answer the question about the number of dead, referring to an order from the head office. “For two days I called dozens of Moscow hospitals and mortuaries, trying to find out,” Y. Igonin testifies. - They answered openly: “We were forbidden to give out this information.” “I went to hospitals,” recalled another witness. - In the emergency room they answered: “Girl, we were told not to say anything.”

Moscow doctors claimed that as of October 12, 179 corpses of victims of the October massacre had been passed through Moscow morgues. On October 5, GMUM spokesman I.F. Nadezhdin, along with official data on 108 dead, excluding the corpses that still remained in the White House, named another figure - about 450 dead, which needed to be clarified.

However, a large part of the corpses that entered the Moscow morgues soon disappeared from there. According to the chairman of the Union of Victims of Political Terror, V. Movchan, records of the receipt of corpses in pathoanatomical institutions were destroyed. A significant part of the corpses were taken from the morgue of the Botkin hospital in an unknown direction. According to the information of MK journalists, within two weeks after the events, the corpses of “unknown persons” were twice taken out of the morgue on trucks with civilian numbers. They were taken out in plastic bags. Deputy A.N. Greshnevikov, on parole that he would not name names, was told in the same morgue that “there were corpses from the House of Soviets; they were taken out in vans in plastic bags; it was impossible to count them - too many.

In addition to the morgues located in the GMUM system, many of the dead were sent to specialized departmental morgues, where they were difficult to find. Starting from October 5, the doctor of the MMA Rescue Center named after. I.M. Sechenov A.V. Dalnov and his colleagues toured the hospitals and morgues of the ministries of defense, internal affairs and state security. They managed to find out that the corpses of the victims of the October tragedy, who were there, were not included in the official reports.

But in the very building of the former parliament there were many corpses that did not even get into the morgues. How many people died during the storming of the House of Soviets, were shot at the stadium and in the yards, and how were their bodies taken out?

S.N. Baburin was told the number of dead - 762 people. Another source named over 750 dead. Journalists of the newspaper Arguments and Facts » found out that the soldiers and officers of the internal troops for several days collected the remains of almost 800 of its defenders “charred and torn by tank shells” around the building. Among the dead were found the bodies of those who

drowned in the flooded dungeons of the White House. According to the former deputy of the Supreme Council from the Chelyabinsk region A.S. Baronenko, about 900 people died in the House of Soviets.

At the end of October 1993, the editorial office of Nezavisimaya Gazeta received a letter from an officer of the internal troops. He claimed that about 1,500 corpses were found in the White House. Among the dead are women and children. The information was published without a signature. But the editors assured that they had the signature and address of the officer who sent the letter. On the fifteenth anniversary of the execution of the House of Soviets, the former chairman of the Supreme Council of Russia, R.I. Khasbulatov, in an interview with MK journalist K. Novikov, said that a high-ranking police general swore, swore, and called the number of dead 1,500 people.

A note was seen on the desk of Prime Minister V.S. But the bodies of the dead were taken out of the destroyed parliament building for four days. Police Major General Vladimir Semenovich Ovchinsky, an employee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, who visited the parliament building after the assault, said that 1,700 corpses had been found there. Corpses in piles in black bags, littered with dry ice, lay on the basement floor.

According to some reports, up to 160 people were shot at the stadium. Moreover, until 2 am on October 5, they were shot in batches, having previously beaten their victims. Local residents saw that about a hundred people were shot just not far from the pool. According to Baronenko, about 300 people were shot at the stadium.

Lidia Vasilievna Zeitlina, some time after the October events, met with the driver of the motor depot. The trucks of that motor depot were involved in the removal of corpses from the White House. The driver said that on the night of October 4-5, the corpses of those shot at the stadium were transported in his truck. He had to make two flights to the Moscow region, to the forest. There, the corpses were thrown into pits, covered with earth, and the burial place was leveled with a bulldozer. The bodies were taken out on other trucks. As the driver put it, "tired of driving."

Dispersal of the Congress of People's Deputies and the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation

(also known as " White House shooting», « The shooting of the House of Soviets», « October uprising 1993», « Decree 1400», « October Putsch», "Yeltsin's coup of 1993") - an internal political conflict in the Russian Federation on September 21 - October 4, 1993. Occurred as a result of the constitutional crisis that has been developing since 1992.

The result of the confrontation was the forcible termination of the Soviet model of power in Russia that had existed since 1917, accompanied by armed clashes on the streets of Moscow and subsequent uncoordinated actions of the troops, during which at least 157 people died and 384 were injured (124 of them on October 3 and 4 , 348 wounded).

The crisis was the result of a confrontation between two political forces: on the one hand, the President of the Russian Federation Boris Yeltsin (see the All-Russian referendum on April 25, 1993), the government headed by Viktor Chernomyrdin, part of the people's deputies and members of the Supreme Council - supporters of the president, and on the other hand - opponents of the socio-economic policy of the president and the government: Vice-President Alexander Rutskoy, the main part of the people's deputies and members of the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation, headed by Ruslan Khasbulatov, the majority of which was the Russian Unity bloc, which included representatives of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, the Fatherland faction "(radical communists, retired military and deputies of a socialist orientation), "Agrarian Union", the deputy group "Russia", led by the initiator of the unification of communist and nationalist parties, Sergei Baburin.

Events began on September 21 with the issuance by President B. N. Yeltsin of Decree No. 1400 on the dissolution of the Congress of People's Deputies and the Supreme Council, which violated the Constitution in force at that time. Immediately after the issuance of this decree, Yeltsin was de jure automatically removed from the presidency in accordance with Article 121.6 of the current constitution. The Presidium of the Supreme Council, which was in charge of monitoring the observance of the constitution, which met on the same day, stated this legal fact. The Congress of People's Deputies confirmed this decision and assessed the president's actions as a coup d'état. However, Boris Yeltsin de facto continued to exercise the powers of the President of Russia.

A significant role in the tragic outcome was played by the personal ambitions of the Chairman of the Supreme Council Ruslan Khasbulatov, expressed in his unwillingness to conclude compromise agreements with the administration of Boris Yeltsin during the conflict, as well as Boris Yeltsin himself, who, after signing Decree No. 1400, refused to talk directly with Khasbulatov even by phone.

According to the conclusion of the State Duma Commission, a significant role in aggravating the situation was played by the actions of the Moscow police to disperse rallies and demonstrations in support of the Supreme Council and detain their active participants from September 27 to October 2, 1993, which in some cases took on the character of mass beatings of demonstrators with the use of special equipment.

From October 1, with the mediation of Patriarch Alexy II, under the auspices of the Russian Orthodox Church, negotiations were held between the warring parties, at which it was proposed to work out a “zero option” - simultaneous re-elections of the president and people's deputies. The continuation of these negotiations, scheduled for 16:00 on October 3, did not take place due to the mass riots that began in Moscow, an armed attack by a group of defenders of the Supreme Council led by Albert Makashov on conscription and. about. President Alexander Rutskoy on the city hall building and the departure of a group of armed supporters of the Supreme Council on stolen army trucks to the Ostankino television center.

Opinions on the position of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation headed by V. D. Zorkin differ: in the opinion of the judges themselves and supporters of the Congress, he remained neutral; according to Yeltsin's side, he participated on the side of the Congress.

The investigation of the events was not completed, the investigation team was disbanded after the State Duma decided in February 1994 on an amnesty for persons who participated in the events of September 21 - October 4, 1993, related to the issuance of Decree N 1400, and opposed its implementation, regardless of the qualification of actions under the articles of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR. As a result, society still does not have unambiguous answers to a number of key questions about the tragic events that took place - in particular, about the role of political leaders who spoke on both sides, about the affiliation of snipers who fired on civilians and police officers, actions of provocateurs, about who is to blame for the tragic denouement.

There are only versions of the participants and eyewitnesses of the events, the investigator of the dissolved investigation group, publicists and the commission of the State Duma of the Russian Federation, headed by communist Tatyana Astrakhankina, who arrived in Moscow from Rzhev at the end of September 1993 to protect the House of Soviets, which her party comrades, in particular Alexei Podberyozkin, called "orthodox".

In accordance with the new Constitution, adopted by popular vote on December 12, 1993 and in force with some changes to the present day, the President of the Russian Federation received significantly broader powers than under the 1978 Constitution in force at that time (as amended in 1989-1992). The post of vice-president of the Russian Federation was eliminated.

Outcome

The victory of President Yeltsin, the elimination of the post of vice president, the dissolution of the Congress of People's Deputies and the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation, the termination of the activities of the Councils of People's Deputies. The establishment of a presidential republic as a form of government in Russia to replace the previously existing Soviet republic.

President of Russia
Council of Ministers of Russia
Administration of the President of Russia

Supporters of the President of the Russian Federation B. N. Yeltsin:

Democratic Russia
living ring
August-91
Public-patriotic association of volunteers - defenders of the White House in August 1991 in support of democratic reforms "Detachment" Russia ""
Democratic Union
Union of Afghanistan Veterans
Taman division
Kantemirovskaya division
119th Guards Airborne Regiment
Separate motorized rifle division of special purpose named after. Dzerzhinsky
1st detachment of special forces of the internal troops "Vityaz".

Congress of People's Deputies of Russia
Supreme Soviet of Russia
Vice President of Russia

Supporters of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation and the Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation, including:

• National Salvation Front (FTS)
• « Russian national unity» ( RNU, named leader also " Barkashovtsy», « Guard Barkashov»)
• "Labor Russia" and others.

Commanders from Boris Yeltsin's side -

Boris Yeltsin
Viktor Chernomyrdin
Yegor Gaidar
Pavel Grachev
Victor Erin
Valery Evnevich
Alexander Korzhakov
Anatoly Kulikov
Boris Polyakov
Sergey Lysyuk
Nikolay Golushko

White House Commanders (for Soviet power):

Alexander Rutskoy,
Ruslan Khasbulatov
Alexander Barkashov
Vladislav Achalov
Stanislav Terekhov
Albert Makashov
Victor Anpilov
Viktor Barannikov
Andrey Dunaev

Citizens who died as a result of the storming of the House of Soviets and mass executions in the area of ​​the House of Soviets on October 4-5, 1993

1. Abakhov Valentin Alekseevich

2. Abrashin Alexey Anatolyevich

3. Adamlyuk Oleg Yuzefovich

4. Alyonkov Sergey Mikhailovich

5. Artamonov Dmitry Nikolaevich

6. Boyarsky Evgeny Stanislavovich

7. Britov Vladimir Petrovich

8. Bronyus Jurgelenis Junot

9. Bykov Vladimir Ivanovich

10. Valevich Victor Ivanovich

11. Roman Verevkin

12. Vinogradov Evgeny Alexandrovich

13. Vorobyov Alexander Veniaminovich

14. Vylkov Vladimir Yurievich

15. Gulin Andrey Konstantinovich

16. Devonissky Alexey Viktorovich

17. Demidov Yuri Ivanovich

18. Andrey Deniskin

19. Denisov Roman Vladimirovich

20. Duz Sergey Vasilyevich

21. Evdokimenko Valentin Ivanovich

22. Egovtsev Yuri Leonidovich

23. Ermakov Vladimir Alexandrovich

24. Zhilka Vladimir Vladimirovich

25. Ivanov Oleg Vladimirovich

26. Kalinin Konstantin Vladimirovich

27. Katkov Viktor Ivanovich

28. Klimov Yuri Petrovich

29. Klyuchnikov Leonid Alexandrovich

30. Kovalev Viktor Alekseevich

31. Kozlov Dmitry Valerievich

32. Kudryashev Anatoly Mikhailovich

33. Kurgin Mikhail Alekseevich

34. Kurennoy Anatoly Nikolaevich

35. Kurysheva Marina Vladimirovna

36. Leybin Yury Viktorovich

37. Livshits Igor Elizarovich

38. Manevich Anatoly Naumovich

39. Marchenko Dmitry Valerievich

40. Matyukhin Kirill Viktorovich

41. Morozov Anatoly Vasilievich

42. Mosharov Pavel Anatolievich

43. Nelyubov Sergey Vladimirovich

44. Obukh Dmitry Valerievich

45. Pavlov Vladimir Anatolievich

46. ​​Panteleev Igor Vladimirovich

47. Papin Igor Vyacheslavovich

48. Parnyugin Sergey Ivanovich

49. Peskov Yuri Evgenievich

50. Pestryakov Dmitry Vadimovich

51. Pimenov Yuri Alexandrovich

52. Polstyanova Zinaida Alexandrovna

53. Rudnev Anatoly Semenovich

54. Saygidova Patimat Gatinamagomedovna

55. Salib Assaf

56. Svyatozarov Valentin Stepanovich

57. Seleznev Gennady Anatolyevich

58. Sidelnikov Alexander Vasilievich

59. Smirnov Alexander Veniaminovich

60. Spiridonov Boris Viktorovich

61. Andrey Spitsin

62. Sursky Anatoly Mikhailovich

63. Timofeev Alexander Lvovich

64. Fadeev Dmitry Ivanovich

65. Fimin Vasily Nikolaevich

66. Hanush Fadi

67. Khloponin Sergey Vladimirovich

68. Khusainov Malik Khaidarovich

69. Chelyshev Mikhail Mikhailovich

70. Chelyakov Nikolai Nikolaevich

71. Chernyshev Alexander Vladimirovich

72. Choporov Vasily Dmitrievich

73. Shalimov Yury Viktorovich

74. Shevyrev Stanislav Vladimirovich

75. Yudin Gennady Valerievich

Citizens who died in other districts of Moscow and the Moscow region in connection with the implementation of the coup d'état on September 21 - October 5, 1993

1. Alferov Pavel Vladimirovich

2. Bondarenko Vyacheslav Anatolievich

3. Vorobieva Elena Nikolaevna

4. Drobyshev Vladimir Andronovich

5. Dukhanin Oleg Aleksandrovich

6. Kozlov Alexander Vladimirovich

7. Malysheva Vera Nikolaevna

9. Novokas Sergey Nikolaevich

10. Ostapenko Igor Viktorovich

11. Solokha Alexander Fedorovich

12. Tarasov Vasily Anatolyevich

Soldiers and employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs who died while performing tasks in support of the coup d'état

1. Alekseev Vladimir Semenovich

2. Baldin Nikolai Ivanovich

3. Boyko Alexander Ivanovich

4. Gritsyuk Sergey Anatolievich

5. Drozdov Mikhail Mikhailovich

6. Korovushkin Roman Sergeevich

7. Korochensky Anatoly Anatolyevich

8. Korshunov Sergey Ivanovich

9. Krasnikov Konstantin Kirillovich

10. Lobov Yury Vladimirovich

11. Mavrin Alexander Ivanovich

12. Milchakov Alexander Nikolaevich

13. Mikhailov Alexander Valerievich

14. Pankov Alexander Egorovich

15. Panov Vladislav Viktorovich

16. Petrov Oleg Mikhailovich

17. Reshtuk Vladimir Grigorievich

18. Romanov Alexey Alexandrovich

19. Ruban Alexander Vladimirovich

20. Savchenko Alexander Romanovich

21. Sviridenko Valentin Vladimirovich

22. Sergeev Gennady Nikolaevich

23. Sitnikov Nikolai Yurievich

24. Smirnov Sergey Olegovich

25. Farelyuk Anton Mikhailovich

26. Khikhin Sergey Anatolyevich

27. Shevarutin Alexander Nikolaevich

28. Shishaev Ivan Dmitrievich

VKontakte Facebook Odnoklassniki

Today is a tragic date in Russian history: the 19th anniversary of the massacre of the defenders of the White House

Tonight, three streets in the center of Moscow, adjacent to the White House, will be blocked for traffic. And for sure there will be drivers who will be, literally speaking, very unhappy with this. Again, they say, they are protesting - it would be better if they were engaged in some kind of business ...

But the reason for the mass “festivities” (by the way, very modest in size: the authorities allowed two public actions with a maximum number of 1,000 and 300 people, respectively) is still special. After all, these rallies are timed to coincide with the 19th anniversary of the events that took place in Moscow in September-October 1993. Events that, without any exaggeration, determined the entire further course of Russian history.

Meanwhile, these events remain one of the least studied pages of our history. Television and the central press annually confine themselves to reading official information and brief news stories. Most of the documents that could shed light on what really happened are still classified. Moreover, many of the documents appear to have already been destroyed. And after 19 years, we don’t even know how many lives of our fellow tribesmen that “black October” claimed.

True, relatively recently (on the 16th anniversary of those tragic events), historian Valery Shevchenko prepared, in fact, the first study that systematized disparate media publications of those years and eyewitness accounts. And from the picture that appeared in the end, the hair, as they say, stand on end. The full text of his work "The Forgotten Victims of October 1993" can be found on the Web. We will reproduce only some excerpts.

“September 21 - October 5, 1993,” the historian writes, “tragic events of recent Russian history took place: the dissolution of the Congress of People's Deputies and the Supreme Soviet of Russia by presidential decree No. defenders of the Supreme Council on October 3-5 near the television center in Ostankino and in the area of ​​the White House. More than 15 years have passed since those memorable days, but the main question still remains unanswered - how many human lives were claimed by the October tragedy.

The official list of the dead, announced by the General Prosecutor's Office of Russia, includes 147 people: in Ostankino - 45 civilians and 1 serviceman, in the "White House area" - 77 civilians and 24 servicemen of the Ministry of Defense and the Ministry of Internal Affairs ...

The list compiled on the basis of materials of parliamentary hearings in the State Duma of Russia on October 31, 1995, includes 160 names. Of the 160 people, 45 were killed in the area of ​​the Ostankino television center, 75 - in the area of ​​the White House, 12 - "citizens who died in other areas of Moscow and the Moscow region", 28 - dead military personnel and employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Moreover, the 12 “citizens who died in other areas of Moscow and the Moscow region” included Pavel Vladimirovich Alferov with the indication “burnt on the 13th floor of the House of Soviets” and Vasily Anatolyevich Tarasov, according to relatives, who participated in the defense of the Supreme Council and went missing.

But in the list published in the collection of documents of the State Duma Commission for additional study and analysis of the events that took place in Moscow on September 21 - October 5, 1993, which worked from May 28, 1998 to December 1999, only 158 dead were named. P.V. was deleted from the list. Alferov and V.A. Tarasov. Meanwhile, the conclusion of the commission stated: "According to a rough estimate, in the events of September 21 - October 5, 1993, about 200 people were killed or died from their injuries."

The published lists, even when viewed superficially, raise a number of questions. Of the 122 civilians officially declared dead, only 17 are residents of other regions of Russia and neighboring countries, the rest, not counting a few dead citizens from far abroad, are residents of the Moscow region. It is known that quite a few people from other cities came to defend the parliament, including those from rallies at which lists of volunteers were compiled. But loners prevailed, some of them came to Moscow behind the scenes ...

Many Muscovites and residents of the Moscow region, who remained near the parliament building behind barbed wire during the days of the blockade, after its breakthrough on October 3, went home to spend the night. Outsiders had nowhere to go. Vladimir Glinsky, the defender of parliament, recalls: “In my detachment, which held a barricade on the Kalininsky bridge near the city hall, there were only 30 percent of Muscovites. And by the morning of October 4, even fewer of them remained, because many had gone home to spend the night.” In addition, with a breakthrough, other visitors joined the defenders of the House of Soviets. Deputy of the Supreme Council surgeon N.G. Grigoriev recorded the arrival at the parliament building at 22:15 on October 3 of a civilian column, which consisted mainly of middle-aged men ...

In order to establish the true number of those killed in the House of Soviets, - continues Valery Shevchenko, - it is necessary to know how many people were there during the assault on October 4, 1993. Some researchers claim that at that time there were a maximum of 2,500 people in the parliament building. But if it is still possible to determine the relatively exact number of people who were in the White House and around it before the blockade was broken, then difficulties arise with respect to October 4th.

Svetlana Timofeevna Sinyavskaya was engaged in the distribution of food stamps for people who were in the ring of defense of the House of Soviets. Svetlana Timofeevna testifies that before the blockade was broken, coupons were issued for 4362 people. However, the defender of the parliament from the 11th detachment, which included 25 people, told the author of these lines that their detachment did not receive coupons.

When asked how many people were in and around the White House in the early morning of October 4, only a rough answer can be given. As the defender of the parliament, who came from Tyumen, testifies, on the night of October 3-4, many people, more than a thousand, slept in the basement of the House of Soviets. According to P.Yu. Bobryashov, no more than a thousand people remained on the square, mostly around fires and tents. According to the ecologist M.R. approximately 1,500 people were dispersed in small groups around the square in front of the White House.

Thus, the following picture emerges: there were about 5,000 people inside the White House on the night of October 4, 1993, and another 1,000-1,500 on the street around the building of the Supreme Council. And then the "valiant" government troops (the order was given by the then Minister of Defense Pavel Grachev) began to storm the building and shell it with tank guns. Here is what Valery Shevchenko writes further:

“When the shelling of the square began, many people who were fleeing from the massive fire of armored personnel carriers took refuge in the basement-shelter of a two-story building located not far from the House of Soviets. According to military journalist I.V. Varfolomeev, up to 1,500 people crowded into the bunker. The same number of people gathered in the bunker is also mentioned by Marina Nikolaevna Rostovskaya. Then they went through the underground passage to the parliament building. Many people were taken to the floors. According to Moscow businessman Andrei (not his real name), some of the women and children taken out of the dungeon were taken to the fourth floor of the House of Soviets. “They began to take us up the stairs to the third, fourth, fifth floors into the corridors,” Alexander Strakhov recalled. Another eyewitness testifies that 800 people who came out of the basement were taken prisoner in the hall of the 20th entrance to the paratroopers of the 119th Naro-Fominsk Regiment and around 14:30 were “released to freedom”. A group of 300 people, which the paratroopers sent to the basement during the intensification of the shelling, left the parliament building at 15:00.

Deputies, members of the apparatus, journalists and many unarmed defenders of the parliament gathered in the hall of the Council of Nationalities. From time to time there were proposals to withdraw women, children and journalists from the building. The list of journalists to be removed from the House of Soviets consisted of 103 names. There were about 2,000 deputies, employees of the apparatus, civilians (including those who found themselves in the hall of refugees).

It remains unclear how many people during the assault were on the upper (above the seventh) floors of the White House. It should be noted that in the first hours of the assault, people were primarily afraid of the capture of the lower floors by special forces. In addition, some of them survived the attack of armored personnel carriers. Many, when the intensive shelling began, went up to the upper floors, "because it gave the impression that it was safer there." This is evidenced by Captain 3rd Rank Sergei Mozgovoy and Professor of the Russian State University of Trade and Economics Marat Mazitovich Musin (published under the pseudonym Ivan Ivanov). But it was on the upper floors that tanks were fired, which significantly reduced the chance of survival for the people who were there ...

During the day, despite the ongoing shelling, people broke into the parliament building. “And already, when there was no hope,” recalled deputy V.I. Kotelnikov, - 200 people broke through to us: men, women, girls, teenagers, actually children, schoolchildren of the eighth-tenth grades, several Suvorovites. As they ran, they were shot in the back. The dead fell, leaving bloody footprints on the pavement, the living continued to run.

Thus, Shevchenko concludes, on October 4, 1993, many hundreds of mostly unarmed people ended up in the House of Soviets and in its immediate vicinity. And starting at about 6:40 in the morning, their mass destruction began.

The first victims near the parliament appeared when the defenders' symbolic barricades broke through the armored personnel carriers, opening fire to kill. Galina N. testifies: “At 6:45 am on October 4, we were alarmed. Sleepy, we ran out into the street and immediately came under machine-gun fire... Then we lay on the ground for several hours, and armored personnel carriers were beating ten meters from us... There were about three hundred of us. Few survived. And then we ran to the fourth entrance ... I saw on the street that those who moved on the ground were shot.

“In front of our eyes, armored personnel carriers shot unarmed old women, young people who were in tents and near them,” recalled Lieutenant V.P. Shubochkin. - We saw how a group of orderlies ran to the wounded colonel, but two of them were killed. A few minutes later, the sniper finished off the colonel." Deputy R.S. Mukhamadiev saw women in white coats run out of the parliament building. They were holding white handkerchiefs in their hands. But as soon as they bend down to help the man lying in the blood, they were cut off by bullets from a heavy machine gun.

Journalist Irina Taneeva, not yet fully aware that the assault was beginning, observed the following from the window of the House of Soviets: “People ran into the bus that was abandoned the day before by the riot police, climbed inside, hiding from bullets. Three BMDs hit the bus from three sides at breakneck speed and shot him. The bus burst into flames. People tried to get out of there and immediately fell dead, struck down by dense fire from the BMD. Blood. Nearby Zhiguli, full of people, were also shot and burned. Everyone died."

The execution also came from the direction of Druzhinnikovskaya Street. The People's Deputy of Russia A.M. Leontiev: “There were 6 armored personnel carriers along the lane opposite the White House, and between them and the White House behind barbed wire ... there were Cossacks from the Kuban - about 100 people. They were not armed. They were just in the form of Cossacks ... No more than 5-6 people ran to the entrances of a hundred Cossacks, and the rest all died.

According to the minimum estimate, several dozen people became victims of the attack by armored vehicles. According to Yevgeny O., many of those who came to the barricades or lived in tents near the building of the Supreme Council were killed on the square. Among them were young women. One was lying with her face turned into a continuous bloody wound...

In the parliament building itself, the death toll increased several times with every hour of the assault. Deputy from Chuvashia surgeon N.G. Grigoriev at 7:45 am on October 4 went down to the first floor in the hall of the 20th entrance. “I drew attention,” he recalls, “to the fact that on the floor of the hall (and the hall was the largest in the House of Soviets) lay in rows of more than fifty wounded, possibly killed, because the first two and a half rows of people lying were covered over the head.

A few hours later, the storm of the dead increased noticeably. In the transition from the 20th to the 8th entrance, more than 20 dead were laid down. According to Andrey (not his real name), a Moscow businessman, there were about a hundred dead and seriously wounded in their sector alone.

“I left the reception room on the third floor and began to go down to the first floor,” testifies a person from A.V.’s entourage. Rutsky. - On the first floor - a terrible picture. Entirely on the floor, side by side - the dead ... There they piled mountains. Women, old men, two murdered doctors in white coats. And the blood on the floor is half a glass high: after all, it has nowhere to drain ”...

According to the artist Anatoly Leonidovich Nabatov, in the hall of the 8th entrance, from 100 to 200 corpses were stacked. Anatoly Leonidovich went up to the 16th floor, saw corpses in the corridors, brains on the walls. On the 16th floor, he noticed a journalist who was coordinating fire on the building by radio, reporting on the crowd. Anatoly Leonidovich handed him over to the Cossacks.

After the events, the President of Kalmykia K.N. Ilyumzhinov said in an interview: “I saw that in the White House there were not 50 or 70 killed, but hundreds. At first, they tried to collect them in one place, then they abandoned this idea: it was dangerous to move around once again. Most of them were random people - without weapons. By our arrival, there were more than 500 dead. By the end of the day, I think that number had risen to a thousand.” R.S. In the midst of the assault, Mukhamadiev heard from his colleague, a deputy, a professional doctor elected from the Murmansk region, the following: “Already five offices are full of dead people. And the wounded are countless. More than a hundred people lie in the blood. But we don't have anything. No bandages, not even iodine…”. The President of Ingushetia, Ruslan Aushev, told Stanislav Govorukhin on the evening of October 4 that 127 corpses had been taken out of the White House under him, but many still remained in the building.

The number of dead was significantly increased by the shelling of the House of Soviets with tank shells. From the direct organizers and leaders of the shelling, one can hear that harmless blanks were fired at the building. For example, the former Minister of Defense of Russia P.S. Grachev stated the following: “We fired at the White House with six blanks from one tank at one pre-selected window in order to force the conspirators to leave the building. We knew that there was no one outside the window.”

However, statements of this kind are completely refuted by the testimony of witnesses. As correspondents of the Moskovskiye Novosti newspaper reported, at about 11:30 in the morning, shells, apparently of cumulative action, pierce the White House through and through: from the opposite side of the building, 5-10 windows and thousands of sheets of stationery fly out at the same time as the shell hits.

Here are some testimonies of eyewitnesses to the death of people in the parliament building as a result of shells hitting it. Here is what, for example, deputy V.I. Kotelnikov: “At first, when I ran through the building with some task, I was horrified by the amount of blood, corpses, torn bodies. Severed hands, heads. A shell hits, part of a person here, part - there ... And then you get used to it. You have a task to complete." “When we were fired from tanks,” recalled another eyewitness, “I was on the sixth floor. There were many civilians here. We didn't have weapons. I thought that after the shelling, the soldiers would break into the building, and I decided that I needed to find a pistol or machine gun. He opened the door to the room where the shell had recently exploded. I couldn't get in. There was a bloody mess." Former police officer Ya., who went over to the side of the parliament, saw how shells in the offices of the House of Soviets "literally tore people apart." A lot of victims turned out to be in the second entrance of the White House (one of the tank shells hit the basement) ...

In addition to the shelling of the parliament building from tanks, infantry fighting vehicles, armored personnel carriers, automatic and sniper fire, which lasted all day, both the direct defenders of the parliament and citizens who accidentally found themselves in the combat zone were shot both in the White House and around it. Doctor Nikolai Burns assisted the wounded in the "medical battalion" near the city hall ("book"). In front of his eyes, a riot policeman shot two boys aged 12-13.

According to one of the defending officers, who crossed on the morning of October 4, along with other people from the bunker to the basement of the White House, "young guys and girls were grabbed and taken around the corner into one of the niches," then "short automatic bursts were heard from there." ON THE. Bryuzgina, who helped the wounded in a makeshift "hospital" on the first floor in the 20th entrance, subsequently told O.A. Lebedev that when the bursting in soldiers began to drag the wounded into the corridor, dull sounds began to be heard from there. Nadezhda Aleksandrovna, opening the toilet door, saw that the entire floor was covered with blood. In the same place, the corpses of people who had just been shot were lying in a mountain. On the morning of October 4, engineer N. Misin hid from shooting along with other unarmed people in the basement of the House of Soviets. When the first floor of the 20th entrance was seized by the military, people were taken out of the basement and put in the lobby. The wounded were carried away on stretchers to the room of the guards on duty. After some time, Misin was released into the toilet, where he saw the following picture: “There, neatly, in a pile, were the corpses in the “civilian”. I took a closer look: from above - those whom we carried out of the basement. Blood - ankle-deep ... An hour later, the corpses began to endure "...

Captain 1st rank V.K. Kashintsev: “At about 2:30 pm, a guy from the third floor made his way to us, covered in blood, squeezed out through sobs: “They open the rooms downstairs with grenades and shoot everyone. He survived, because he was unconscious, apparently, they took him for the dead. One can only guess about the fate of most of the wounded left in the White House ...

Many people were shot or beaten to death after they left the White House. People who went out to “surrender” on the afternoon of October 4 from the 20th entrance witnessed how the attack aircraft finished off the wounded. On walking behind the deputy Yu.K. Chapkovsky, a young man in camouflage, was attacked by riot police, began to beat, trample underfoot, then shot him.

They tried to drive those who came out from the side of the embankment through the yard and the entrances of the house along Glubokoy Lane. “In the entrance, where they pushed us,” recalls I.V. Saveliev, - it was full of people. There were screams from the upper floors. Everyone was searched, their jackets and coats were torn off - they were looking for servicemen and policemen (those who were on the side of the defenders of the House of Soviets), they were immediately taken somewhere ... A policeman, the defender of the House of Soviets, was wounded by a shot. Someone shouted over the riot police radio: “Do not shoot at the entrances! Who will clean up the corpses?!” The shooting didn't stop outside." Another eyewitness testifies: “We were searched and transferred to the next entrance. The riot police stood in two rows and tortured us ... In the dim corridor below, I saw half-dressed people with bruises. Swearing, screams of the beaten, fumes. There is a crunch of broken bones." Militia Lieutenant Colonel Mikhail Vladimirovich Rutskoi saw how three people stripped to the waist were dragged out of the entrance and immediately shot against the wall. He also heard the screams of the raped woman.

The riot police were especially fierce in one of the entrances of this house. An eyewitness, miraculously surviving, recalls: “They take me to the front door. There is light, and on the floor - corpses, naked to the waist. For some reason naked and for some reason to the waist. As established by Yu.P. Vlasov, everyone who got into the first entrance was killed after being tortured, the women were stripped naked and raped in a crowd, after which they were shot. A group of 60-70 civilians who left the White House after 7 p.m. were led by riot police along the embankment to Nikolaev Street and, having led them into the yards, they were brutally beaten, and then finished off with automatic bursts. Four managed to run into the entrance of one of the houses, where they hid for about a day.

And again, excerpts from the story of V.I. Kotelnikova: “We ran into the yard, a huge old yard, square. There were about 15 people in my group ... When we ran to the last entrance, there were only three of us left ... We ran to the attic - the doors there, fortunately for us, were broken. We fell among the rubbish behind some kind of pipe and froze ... We decided to lie down. A curfew was declared, everything was cordoned off by riot police, and practically we were in their camp. All night there was shooting. When it was already dawn, from half past five to half past seven we put ourselves in order ... We began to slowly descend. When I opened the door, I almost passed out. The whole yard was littered with corpses, not very often, like in a checkerboard pattern. The corpses are all in some unusual positions: some are sitting, some are on their sides, some have a leg, some have their arms raised, and all are blue and yellow. I think what is unusual in this picture? And they are all naked, all naked.”

On the morning of October 5, local residents saw many dead in the yards. A few days after the events, the correspondent of the Italian newspaper L` Unione Sarda, Vladimir Koval, examined these entrances. He found broken teeth and strands of hair, although, as he writes, "it seems to have been cleaned up, even sprinkled with sand in some places."

A tragic fate befell many of those who, on the evening of October 4, left the side of the Asmaral (Krasnaya Presnya) stadium located on the back side of the House of Soviets. On October 6, the media reported that, according to preliminary estimates, during the “voluntary surrender” during the final phase of the assault on the White House, about 1,200 people were detained, of which about 600 are at the Krasnaya Presnya stadium. Curfew violators were also reported to be among the latter.

The executions at the stadium began in the early evening of 4 October. According to the residents of the houses adjacent to it, who saw how the detainees were shot, "this bloody bacchanalia continued all night." The first group was driven to the concrete fence of the stadium by submachine gunners in spotted camouflage. An armored personnel carrier drove up and slashed the prisoners with machine-gun fire. In the same place, at dusk, they shot the second group ...

Alexander Alexandrovich Lapin, who spent three days, from the evening of October 4 to October 7, at the stadium “on death row” testifies: “After the House of Soviets fell, its defenders were taken to the wall of the stadium. They separated those who were in Cossack uniforms, in police uniforms, in camouflage, military, who had any party documents. Who had nothing, like me... leaned against a tall tree... And we saw how our comrades were shot in the back... Then we were herded into the locker room... We were kept for three days. No food, no water, most importantly, no tobacco. Twenty people...

Yu.E. Petukhov, the father of Natasha Petukhova, who was shot on the night of October 3-4 in Ostankino, testifies: “Early in the morning of October 5, it was still dark, I drove up to the burning White House from the side of the park ... I approached the cordon of very young tankers with a photograph of my Natasha, and they told me that there were many corpses in the stadium, there are still in the building and in the basement of the White House ... I returned to the stadium and went there from the side of the monument to the victims of 1905. There were a lot of people shot at the stadium. Some of them were without shoes and belts, some were crushed. I was looking for my daughter and went around all the executed and tormented heroes ... "

When the House of Soviets had not yet burned down, - continues Valery Shevchenko, - the authorities had already begun to falsify the number of those killed in the October tragedy. Late in the evening of October 4, 1993, an informational message went through the media: "Europe hopes that the number of victims will be kept to a minimum." The recommendation of the West was heard in the Kremlin.

Early in the morning of October 5, 1993, the head of the presidential administration, S.A. B.N. called Filatov. Yeltsin. The following conversation took place between them:

Sergei Alexandrovich... for your information, 146 people died during all the days of the rebellion.

It's good that you said, Boris Nikolaevich, otherwise there was a feeling that 700-1500 people died. It would be necessary to print the lists of the dead.

Agree. Organize please...

How many dead were taken to Moscow morgues on October 3-4? In the first days after the October massacre, employees of morgues and hospitals refused to answer the question about the number of dead, referring to an order from the central office. “For two days I called dozens of Moscow hospitals and mortuaries, trying to find out,” Y. Igonin testifies. - Answered openly: "We were forbidden to give out this information."

Moscow doctors claimed that as of October 12, 179 corpses of victims of the October massacre had been passed through Moscow morgues. GMUM Press Secretary I.F. On October 5, Nadezhdin, along with the official figures of 108 dead, excluding the corpses that were still in the White House, also named another figure - about 450 dead, which needed to be clarified.

However, a large part of the corpses that entered the Moscow morgues soon disappeared from there. Doctor of the MMA Rescue Center THEM. Sechenova A.V. Dalnov, who worked in the parliament building during the assault, stated some time after the events: “Traces are being swept up on the exact number of victims. All materials on 21.09-04.10.93, which are in the CEMP, are classified. Some medical histories of the wounded and the dead are being rewritten, the dates of admission to morgues and hospitals are being changed. Some of the victims, in agreement with the leadership of the State Medical University, are transported to morgues in other cities. According to Dalnov, the death toll is underestimated by at least an order of magnitude. On October 9, I.F. contacted the coordinator of the medical team of the House of Soviets. Nadezhdin, offering to speak on television together with the doctors of the CEMP and GMUM in order to reassure the public about the number of victims. Dalnov refused to participate in falsification ...

Starting from October 5, A.V. Dalnov and his colleagues toured the hospitals and morgues of the ministries of defense, internal affairs and state security. They managed to find out that the corpses of the victims of the October tragedy, who were there, were not included in the official reports.

The same was said in the report of the Commission of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation for additional study and analysis of the events that took place in Moscow on September 21 - October 5, 1993: "The secret removal and burial of the corpses of those killed in the events of September 21 - October 5, 1993, which was repeatedly reported in some printed publications and the media, if they took place, they were produced ... perhaps through the morgues of other cities, some departmental morgues or some other structures associated with the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation "...

But in the very building of the former parliament there were many corpses that did not even get into the morgues. The doctors of Y. Kholkin’s brigade testify: “We went through the entire database up to the 7th (“basement”) floor ... But the military did not let us go above the 7th, referring to the fact that everything was on fire and you could simply be poisoned by gases, although from there There were shots and screams."

According to L.G. Proshkin, investigators from the General Prosecutor's Office were allowed into the building only on 6 October. Prior to that, according to him, internal troops and the Leningrad OMON were in charge there for several days. But in a personal conversation with I.I. Andronov, Proshkin said that the investigators were allowed into the building later than on the evening of October 6, that is, only on the morning of October 7.

In the investigation file No. 18/123669-93, which was conducted by the Prosecutor General's Office, it is indicated that no bodies of the dead were found in the White House itself. Prosecutor General V.G. Stepankov, who visited the building of the former parliament the day after the assault, stated: “The most difficult thing in the investigation of this case is the fact that on October 5 we did not find a single corpse in the White House. No one. Therefore, the investigation is deprived of the opportunity to fully establish the causes of death of each of those people who were taken away from the building before us.” A.I. Kazannik, appointed instead of Stepankov to the post of Prosecutor General, also visited the building of the former parliament, saw the destruction, drew attention to the bloodstains. According to his visual assessment, the picture inside the White House did not correspond to the rumors of "many thousands of victims"...

The Chief Military Prosecutor's Office also conducted its own investigation. Prosecutor of the city of Moscow G.S. Ponomarev, leaving the House of Soviets, said that the number of those killed there was in the hundreds.

How many people died during the storming of the House of Soviets, were shot at the stadium and in the yards, and how were their bodies taken out? On the first day, various sources gave figures from 200 to 600 who died during the assault. According to preliminary estimates by interior ministry experts, there could be up to 300 corpses in the parliament building. “In those corners of the White House where I had to visit,” one soldier claimed, “I counted 300 corpses.” Another soldier overheard "some military personnel saying there were 415 bodies in the White House."

The Nezavisimaya Gazeta correspondent learned from a confidential source that the number of victims inside the House of Soviets numbered in the hundreds. About 400 corpses from the upper floors, which were shelled from tanks, disappeared under mysterious circumstances. According to an officer of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, after the end of the assault on the White House, approximately 474 bodies of the dead were found there (without examining all the premises and sorting out the rubble). Many of them had numerous shrapnel damage. There were corpses affected by the fire. They are characterized by the “boxer” pose.

S.N. Baburin was called the number of dead - 762 people. Another source called over 750 dead. The journalists of the Argumenty i Fakty newspaper found out that for several days soldiers and officers of the internal troops were collecting the remains of almost 800 of its defenders, “charred and torn by tank shells,” around the building. Among the dead were found the bodies of those who choked in the flooded dungeons of the White House. According to the information of the former deputy of the Supreme Council from the Chelyabinsk region A.S. Baronenko, about 900 people died in the House of Soviets.

According to some reports, up to 160 people were shot at the stadium. Moreover, until two in the morning on October 5, they were shot in batches, having previously beaten their victims. Local residents saw that about 100 people were shot only not far from the pool. According to Baronenko, about 300 people were shot at the stadium...

How many human lives were claimed by the October tragedy? There is a list of the dead, in which 978 people are named by name (according to other sources - 981). Three different sources (in the Ministry of Defence, the MB, the Council of Ministers) informed NEG correspondents about the certificate prepared only for top Russian officials. The certificate, signed by three power ministers, indicated the number of dead - 948 people (according to other sources, 1052). According to informants, at first there was only a certificate from the MB sent by V.S. Chernomyrdin. This was followed by an instruction to make a consolidated document of all three ministries. The information was also confirmed by the former President of the USSR M.S. Gorbachev. “According to my information,” he said in an interview with NEG, “one Western television company purchased for a certain amount a certificate prepared for the government, indicating the number of victims. But until it's made public."

Radio Liberty October 7, 1993, when all the premises in the House of Soviets had not yet been examined, reported the death of 1032 people. Employees of institutions where hidden statistics were kept, called the figure of 1600 dead. Internal statistics of the Ministry of Internal Affairs recorded 1,700 dead. On the 15th anniversary of the execution of the parliament R.I. Khasbulatov, in an interview with MK journalist K. Novikov, said that a high-ranking police general swore and swore, calling the number of dead 1,500 people. At the same time, in an interview with the press service of the CPRF MGK, Khasbulatov said: "As many military and police officials told me - many said - that the total number of dead was somewhere even more than 2,000 people."

To date, it can be argued that at least 1,000 people died in the tragic events of September-October 1993 in Moscow. How many more victims there were can only be shown by a special investigation at a high state level,” concludes Valeriy Shevchenko. The authorities, however, are not going to conduct such an investigation.

But just the other day, the head of the Kremlin administration, Sergei Ivanov, speaking on behalf of the highest Russian authorities at the World Russian People's Council, called for "restoring the continuity and continuity of Russian history, freeing it from myths and opportunistic assessments, building outstanding victories into the fabric of a single political canvas, and bitter defeats that set the country back decades.”

So what prevents us from starting with an investigation into the events of the bloody October 1993? This is what the souls of our dead brothers and sisters cry out for, who came to defend the legitimate, supreme power of Russia at that time - the Supreme Council. Here is the text of the testament of the unsurrendered defenders of the House of Soviets, which has accidentally come down to us:

“Brothers, when you read these lines, we will no longer be alive. Our bodies, shot through, will burn out in these walls. We appeal to you, who were lucky enough to get out of this bloody massacre alive.

We loved Russia. We wanted this earth to restore, finally, the order that God had determined for it. His name is catholicity; within it, every person has equal rights and obligations, and no one is allowed to break the law, no matter how high his rank.

Of course, we were naive simpletons, we are punished for our gullibility, we are shot and eventually betrayed. We were just pawns in someone's well thought out game. But our spirit is not broken. Yes, dying is scary. However, something supports, someone invisible says: “You cleanse your soul with blood, and now Satan will not get it. And when you die, you will be much stronger than the living.”

In our last moments, we appeal to you, citizens of Russia. Remember these days. Don't look away when our mutilated bodies are laughingly shown on television. Remember everything and do not fall into the same traps that we fell into.

Forgive us. We also forgive those who are sent to kill us. They are not to blame... But we do not forgive, we curse the demonic gang that has sat on Russia's neck.

Don't let the great Orthodox faith be trampled on, don't let Russia be trampled on.