Door mechanism for interior doors. Types of mechanisms for sliding interior doors, installation features

Do you want to design a chair, but find it difficult to determine the dimensions and angles that guarantee maximum comfort? Get acquainted with the basic principles that have become the norm in furniture production. Suppose you want to make a chair for an adult 178 cm tall, sitting upright.

To make it easier to imagine the construction process, we have marked the main dimensions and angles for the seat, backrest and armrests with letter indexes shown in the figures. Now let's try to apply them to a chair that looks right and is as comfortable as possible.

Seat First

A. To ensure that the knees of the seated person are comfortably bent at a 90-100” angle and the feet rest on the floor, position the seat at a height of 405-455 mm above the floor. When determining the height for an upholstered seat with a padded cushion, consider the collapsed thickness of the cushion by subtracting half the cushion thickness from the total height of the seat above the floor.

B. To provide clearance between the front edge of the seat and the legs of the seated person, make the seat 380-450 mm deep.

C. Choose seat width 8 within 405-510mm. Depending on the style and your preferences, the seat can be tapered from the front to the back by 50-76 mm (25-38 mm on each side). The wide front edge gives freedom to the legs of the sitter, and the narrower back gives more freedom to his elbows.

For additional comfort, in particular if the seat does not have a padded cushion, tilt it towards the backrest by 5-8°.

It also prevents slipping forward.

An office or work chair does not need a rear seat tilt - a horizontal seat is more convenient for tilting forward towards the desktop.

Now the back

E. To provide back support that does not restrict the shoulder blades, make the backrest 305-405 mm high for spare (for guests) chairs and 500-510 mm for ordinary ones.

F. Backrest tilt - about 5° for regular chairs and up to 15° for spare chairs. Keep in mind that as the backrest inclination increases, the seat inclination also needs to be increased (the angle between the backrest and the seat must be between 90-100°) in order to prevent

And finally the armrests

H. To keep your forearms on the armrests without lifting your shoulders, position the armrests 180-230mm above the seat. But first, measure the distance from the floor to the lower edge of the dining table drawer so that the chair with armrests can be freely pushed under the table.
I, J and K. Make the armrests at least 200mm long and 50mm wide with a distance of about 480mm between them.

According to the materials of the magazine "Wood-Master"

DIY wooden bench drawing

Necessary materials

Product assembly process

Read also:

Do-it-yourself table for giving

Simple and original pallet bench (drawing and description)

Drawing of a small bench for a summer residence

Picnic table (drawing, description)

Initially, there was a drawing of the simplest wooden bench for giving. They used it and made a product. After the implementation of the project and the analysis of design errors, conclusions appeared based on personal experience. So, it was decided to simplify the project as much as possible: to reduce material consumption and increase the stability of the structure. All this reflects the drawing of the garden bench, presented below.

In this bench, there are no longitudinal sides, the back legs and the base of the backrest are made of separate bars, and the connections of the side racks with the crossbars are made in half a tree to increase resistance to loosening of the fasteners.

Do-it-yourself wooden bench for giving: drawing.

to come back to the beginning

materials

Bench base: legs, transverse drawers are made of a bar 50x50. For the back and seat, a 25x150 board is used, although you can use a board of any width that is available. DIY wooden bench has the following overall dimensions:

• width - 1820 mm,
• height - 860 mm,
• depth - 700 mm.

Wood screws are used for fastening, however, if the budget allows, furniture bolts can also be used. This, of course, will complicate the assembly process somewhat, since you will have to pre-drill and pre-drill holes for bolts and nuts. But the final look will be more "brutal".

Assembly process

The sequence of work is as follows: first, the side racks-bases are assembled, then the seat and back are sheathed.

We rest on a bench with a back made with our own hands

For convenience, the armrests are sawn out of the scraps of the board and the armrests are fixed, after which the almost finished garden bench is painted and installed in a permanent place.

DIY wooden bench (drawing)

Racks

First of all, blanks are cut from the prepared bar according to the following dimensions.

For the backrest, an angle of 30 degrees is chosen, so both ends of the rear legs, the lower ends of the base of the backrest and the seat are sawn at this angle.

to come back to the beginning
In order to wooden bench for summer cottage not loosened over time, the legs with the upper crossbar are connected into half a tree.

Back and seat

They are stuffed with a board 25x150 end-to-end.

But, as mentioned above, you can use a board of any width and lay it with equal gaps if the wooden bench is in the open. It is possible to produce butt stuffing. In this case, it is better to use the bench under a makeshift canopy, in a gazebo or on a covered terrace.

Painting

The color and type of paint is chosen, of course, according to desire and needs. The only condition: the paint must be for outdoor use. Their choice is great, from alkyd and acrylic to classic oil. Protective and decorative impregnations are very popular, as they not only protect the tree from decay, but also paint it in colors that imitate valuable species.

There are a variety of options and modifications of benches and benches. However, the general principles of garden seating are the same.

First, the bench must be protected from direct sunlight, especially at noon. And the openwork shadow from the trees is preferable to the solid shadow from the house. If possible, this zone is fenced off from the prevailing and cold northern winds with elements of vertical gardening. For this, any options for arranging "green" walls are suitable - both hedges and trellis gardening.

If there is a danger of seasonal or periodic moisture on the site chosen for the bench, the ground should be prepared in advance. To do this, a drainage base is laid under the site from a layer of broken bricks or crushed stone, on top of which a coating of bulk materials (sand, gravel, river pebbles) or paving is arranged. Excess water can be drained by creating a slight overall slope so that it enters the drainage groove.

A person feels more comfortable if the space behind him is filled with something. Therefore, it is better to turn the bench with its back to the wall of the house or place high landings behind it.

At the same time, there should be enough space in front of the bench to freely place a pram or a small table.

Benches can be placed in a secluded place, or, on the contrary, they can be installed where its most attractive corners are clearly visible. The appearance of the bench itself largely depends on where you intend to put it: by the pond, by the fire, near the house or near the ornamental garden. However, design intent must always be combined with practical expediency. Therefore, the main criterion for the construction of the bench is the convenience of its use;

There are two types of benches - with a supporting back, designed for a long rest, and without a back - for a short one. The optimal seat height is 40-50 cm. With this height, your legs rest comfortably on the ground and rest. The width of the seat should be 50-55 cm. In order for the back of the bench to comfortably support the body, it is better to make the seat with a slight (5-12 °) inclination inward. The back itself should have an inclination of 15 to 40 °. The longitudinal slats of the backrest are mounted at a height of 16-18 cm from the seat, since at this level the bending of the spine begins. The height of the entire backrest is 35-45 cm. The armrests are set at a height of 15-20 cm from the seat. The height of the bench without a back, as well as its width, is 40-50 cm.

For garden furniture, it is preferable to use hardwoods: aspen, oak, beech. Coniferous wood also comes into play, but it must be carefully deresined, otherwise the emitted resin will stain clothes. Resin removal is carried out with a solution of acetone in water (1:4 by weight). To pure acetone, to increase efficiency, you can add caustic soda (caustic soda) in a ratio of 20:4, respectively. The solution is washed several times with the surface of the wood, preferably with a brush, and then it is washed off several times with clean water.

Bench with your own hands. (100 step by step photos)

A paste-like deresining composition is also used, consisting of soda ash and potash, taken in a ratio of 6:5 (by weight). Water is added until creamy. This composition covers the surface 2-3 times, each time washing it off with warm water and rubbing the surface with a brush.

How to make a bench with a back with your own hands

Benches, benches, stands

The production of outdoor furniture is one of the activities of PromEnergoKomplekt LLC.

Outdoor benches are an important stage in the improvement of a garden plot, a house adjoining territory or a city street.
We try to create comfortable, strong and durable park benches, which, moreover, will perfectly complement and decorate the landscape of courtyards and streets.
Since the benches constantly have to be under the influence of aggressive external factors (sun, rain, snow), in the manufacture of these small architectural forms, we use special protective compounds to increase resistance to high humidity, temperature extremes and mechanical damage.

Also, our company can manufacture benches and benches on an individual order - according to the technical specifications provided by our customer.

Any color, size and shape options are available.

For standard sizes of benches, the price varies depending on the length of the product due to the different amounts of materials for production.

	Length 1.5 meters: 4700 rubles. Length 1.8 meters: 5200 rubles. Length 2.0 meters: 6700 rubles. Dimensions: Width 60 cm, Height 88 cm. Seat width 43 cm
	Length 1.5 meters: 4000 rubles. Length 1.8 meters: 4500 rubles. Length 2.0 meters: 6000 rubles Dimensions: Width 60 cm, Height 88 cm. Seat width 43 cm. Back height 43 cm.
	Length 1.5 meters: 3000 rubles. Length 1.8 meters: 3250 rubles. Length 2.0 meters: 5100 rubles. Dimensions: Width 60 cm, Height 43 cm. Seat width 43 cm.

In order to buy outdoor benches, contact the managers of our company in any way convenient for you.

Do-it-yourself bench - the simplest design

It will not be an exaggeration to say that a garden bench is a very necessary thing in a summer cottage. If you install a bench in the shade, then it will be pleasant to relax on it in the summer in hot weather. And in the evening it is no less pleasant to sit on it and watch the sunset.

The question of purchasing a garden bench arose quite often for the above reasons, but the implementation was delayed for a long time, due to the fact that it was difficult to find the right option. Either I was not satisfied with the price or quality, or there were problems with transportation. Therefore, in the end I decided to make a bench with my own hands.

Fig.1. Photo of the finished bench

Having wondered how to make a garden bench, a number of fundamental requirements were identified that it must satisfy.

• The bench should be made from affordable materials that are not difficult to bring to the country.

• The bench should be comfortable.

• The design of the bench should be such that you can make it yourself without the use of special tools.

• The bench should be able to withstand outdoor conditions well, i.e. it should stand the whole summer season in the open air and not lose its appearance and functional qualities.

Based on the described requirements, the garden bench project shown in the photo above was born. The material of the bench is wood. When making a wooden bench, special tools are not required. To protect against external adverse factors, the bench is varnished. So it satisfies most of the initial requirements.

In my opinion, the most difficult and interesting thing about making a bench with your own hands is the design and ergonomics. The main ergonomic factors to consider are bench height, seat width, backrest angle, backrest width and bench length. It depends on these parameters whether it will be convenient to use the bench or not.

Fig.3. Bench drawing

All dimensions in the drawing are given in centimeters, only the angle of the backrest and the total height are not indicated, more on that later. And first I want to comment on some dimensions.

• The length of the bench is chosen so that three people can easily fit on it. If you buy boards of a standard size of 6m, then it will take two boards to make a bench, and there will be practically no scraps left. In addition, you can easily transport boards 1.5 m long in a car.

• The thickness of the board is 40mm, which ensures the rigidity of the bench structure.

• The gaps between the boards on the back and on the seat are necessary so that water does not linger on the bench, because. the bench stands in the open air. As a result, taking into account the width of the board and the gaps, it turns out that the width of the seat is 40 cm, which is enough to comfortably sit an adult.

• The backrest angle is about 18 degrees. How to make such an inclination will be described later.

Now I want to say a few words about the design of the garden bench. As can be seen from the drawing and photo, the bench has four legs. In this case, the rear legs act as a holder for the backrest. To give rigidity, the legs are interconnected.

Fig.4. Frame elements

Work on the manufacture of benches begins with the fact that the boards are sawn to the desired size.

• 2 boards 520mm long. Further, these boards are cut in length, resulting in 4 bars. These bars are needed to connect the legs and fasten the seat. Also, on these bars, the outer corner is removed so as not to cling to it with your feet.

• 2 board 720 mm long. These boards are cut. They will act as a holder for the back and legs at the same time. Dimensions are shown in the drawing below.

Fig.5. Bench drawing side view

All these dimensions are given taking into account the fact that the final width of the board after planing and other processing is 140mm.

After all the boards are cut, you need to cut them off to get rid of the burrs. It is also desirable to chamfer so that the edges are smooth. Then you can start assembling the garden bench.

The legs are assembled first. The legs are connected to each other with the help of transverse means of self-tapping screws. After that, the seat and back boards are attached to the resulting legs. These boards are also fastened with self-tapping screws. In order to hide the fasteners, the fastening must be done on the reverse side.

Fig.6. PHOTO benches from behind

If the length of the self-tapping screws is not enough, then you can pre-drill a hole with a diameter larger than the head of the self-tapping screw.

Fig.7. Backrest attachment

The final step in assembling the bench is the installation of the lower crossbar, which fastens the legs together.

After the bench is assembled, it can be varnished to protect it from moisture by applying yacht varnish. Or treat it with impregnation from decay like a children's sandbox. Of course, varnishing looks much better, but it has one significant drawback, the bench becomes cold to the touch.

Also, if you just varnish the bench, it will be rough. To make the bench smooth, you must first cover it with one layer of varnish, wait until it dries. After that, sand the appeared rough places with sandpaper, and then cover with two more layers of varnish. Then the bench will be smooth. In the photo, the bench is in its fourth year.

We make a beautiful bench for giving with our own hands

So, it has been well preserved. Naturally, for the winter, she cleans up in the house.

To make it easier for you to make a bench with your own hands, I will give the drawings of the bench.

Fig.8. Side view drawing with dimensions

Fig.9. Front view drawing

Items of garden furniture are necessary to equip a place to relax at your summer cottage at your discretion. Photos of benches in the garden look attractive. Any master can make such furniture himself.

First you need to decide on the choice of material for the future product and choose the right design solution.

Work materials

Garden bench can be made from various materials. Each of them has its own advantages.

Plastic bench

This piece of furniture has many advantages. Plastic products are affordable, they do not require special care, they are easy to disassemble and assemble. Today, plastic is presented in rich colors.

However, there are also disadvantages. A plastic item looks cheaper than a wooden item. Under the influence of direct sunlight, it quickly fades, and its surface may be deformed.

Wood for garden furniture

To make original benches for summer cottages, craftsmen often use wood. Wood is easy to process, the material looks noble, and installation does not take much time.

The main requirements are the absence of defects and good drying.

stone products

The naturalness of the material is its undeniable advantage; it attracts with its natural beauty. In finished products, it looks luxurious and stylish.

Natural stone items are easy to make with your own hands. However, the material has not only advantages, but also disadvantages:

• It is unhealthy to sit on a cold stone.
• The bench is installed exclusively permanently.

What about metal?

Metal benches are a great decoration for a recreation area. The cold forging method, like the hot forging method, allows you to create beautiful designs.

In addition, metal is perfectly combined with glass or wood.

What should be the ideal shop?

Among all the requirements, the main ones can be distinguished:

• Comfort. The bench needs to be ergonomic. A bench with a back is a good option.
• The product must be capable of withstanding heavy loads. The master needs to choose only high-quality materials and accessories.

Bench design features

A summer resident who wants to ennoble the landscape around the house should know how to make a bench with his own hands. You must first determine the dimensions.

Dimensions - 1.5 mX0.4 m, height - 0.45 m (seat) and 900 m (back). The back is made at an angle of 18 or 20 degrees. It is important to correctly execute the drawings of the bench, then the work will not argue.

The master will need to prepare the following:

• Primer, varnish;
• Special sandpaper for wood;
• Screwdriver;
• Electroplaner;
• Electric jigsaw;
• Self-tapping screws 40X40;
• Blanks for front and rear legs, as well as for backrest holders;
• Wooden boards with dimensions 1500X150 and thickness from 35 mm to 40 mm.

Making a wooden structure with your own hands

It's good when you can find boards with the right dimensions on the market.

When there was no suitable option on the construction market, the master will have to arm himself with a jigsaw in order to cut the material himself. A miter saw will help speed up the process.

Note!

Finished blanks must be processed. The surface of the boards for the backrest with the seat needs to be sanded. The ends are processed using an electric planer, the best option is to make them with a rounded shape.

The next step is to give the required angle of inclination, in this case we are talking about the rear legs of the bench. These elements serve as a framework. Marking is applied to the prepared parts.

We measure the height - 0.4 m. It is necessary to make a cut equal to 20 degrees to form the angle of inclination. Between the legs of the bench in front and behind the distance should be 0.28 m. A beam with a size of 0.5 m connects the legs. It is better when the strapping is performed not only from above, but also from below.

The sidewalls are connected as soon as the assembly of the main parts is completed. The boards are fastened with self-tapping screws to the strapping bars that are on top. Between the blanks leave gaps to remove moisture.

When mounting the backrest, the board that comes first is attached at a distance of 0.2 m from the seat, and the second - 0.38 m.

Note!

You can proceed to the final coating of the product. For this, impregnation with varnish for outdoor use is used. Such means will help to provide reliable protection against any harmful actions from the outside.

How to create a metal structure?

A master can create a comfortable place for a recreation area using the cold forging technique. It is better to start with models that have angular shapes, they are easier to make.

Detailed instructions

We determine the dimensions (length - 1.5 m, height - 0.8 or 0.9 m, width - 0.4 or 0.5 m).

We make blanks for the frame from a cut pipe. It will be necessary to prepare 2 segments with dimensions of 0.4 m and 2 more fragments of 1.5 m each. We connect these parts into a rectangle and weld them. To make the structure more durable, we weld 2 stiffeners.

To make blanks for the legs, we cut the metal pipe into 4 parts, the length of each should be 0.4 m. The blanks are attached to the corners of the bench. To reinforce the legs, stiffening ribs are additionally installed.

Note!

For the manufacture of the back you will need 2 blanks. The length of one should be 1.5 m, and the other 0.44 mm. We weld the blanks for the back together and weld to the seat. We must not forget about the angle of inclination. For the rest to be comfortable, it must be at least 15 or 20 degrees.

The backrest can also be reinforced with stiffeners.

At the last stage, the seams are cleaned. The surface of the frame is coated with a primer.

If you plan to make a product with figured elements, then the implementation of such a task will require more time.

DIY shop photo

A garden bench is a beautiful element of garden and park architecture. With its help, you can create a recreation area in the local area. Such structures are built both in production and with their own hands at home. In the production, different materials are used, even in some cases they can be constructed from chairs, logs, and other material that is in every summer cottage.

Design features

Benches, unlike other small architectural forms, must comply not only with style, but also with ergonomics. Therefore, when choosing them, the level of comfort, a single concept of landscape design, is taken into account.

Since their first appearance in ancient Egypt, many different types of benches have been invented - from garden decorations to ordinary ergonomic designs. Their diversity is just as wide, and in order to streamline this range, we divide the designs into three main types:

• outdoor benches- a functional design, which is built from practical, reliable materials. They rarely differ in the beauty of forms, variety of style.
• garden structures- openwork benches with forged elements. They perfectly complement the overall landscape design, equip the functional space.
• Designs for giving- differ in variety of types. They are a bright accent in the formation of a suburban area.

All designs can be divided into:

• stationary - a static element of landscape design;
• mobile - you can move, install structures in any part of the backyard, creating a comfortable recreation area.

According to their location can be divided into:

• front doors - beautiful designs made of forged elements, wood, stone;
• dining - comfortable models, placed on the terraces, not far from the barbecue. They are built from different types of wood;
• structures that are located near water: a stream, a pond, a fountain. They are built from moisture resistant materials. Used concrete, stone;
• seasonal - mobile structures. Strong, durable materials are used.

Production material

The material from which they are built determines not only their location, but also the features of operation. Depending on the material, they are divided:

Wooden- differ in special aesthetics. They fit well into almost any style of landscape design. For production, only decay-resistant wood species are used. Apply walnut, cherry, oak, conifers. The wood undergoes a series of treatments: the material is impregnated with a composition that increases resistance to moisture, varnished or coated with a special moisture-resistant paint.

stone structures- These are durable models. They will emphasize the beauty of garden crops. During construction, granite, quartz or marble are used. Such models are resistant to moisture, frost, sunlight. They are stationary, massive and mounted in places with high humidity.

metal– resistant to various damages, they are reliable. For a vintage-style garden, forged models are chosen, decorated with various decorative elements. Art Nouveau is emphasized by cast iron constructions. A beautiful, elegant wrought-iron chair will successfully fit into the country style.

Plastic- often used in the manufacture of mobile structures and those that are installed near water bodies. Such models can have a different color, decor.

Combined models- a successful combination of several materials, such as stone and wood, metal and wood.

Each model is installed depending on the style of the infield, the special preferences of the owner.

Garden benches: types and features

Each country house has an adjacent territory. It can be functional - even beds, bushes, greenhouses, and other garden attributes. Some prefer the English lawn, on which the flower beds are located. But there are people who prefer shady gardens.

Regardless of this, in the summer, this area turns into a place to relax. A garden bench makes it comfortable, which will look harmonious in landscape design.

How to choose a bench for the garden?

The backyard territory is divided by designers into three main types according to style:

• regular gardens - created according to geometric laws: smooth paths, strict forms, each bush, flower bed is in its place;
• rustic or country style - bright flower beds, wooden fence, trees and beds;
• landscape areas. When creating a style on the site, the natural beauty of greenery is preserved. Each element, for example, a snag or a lowered branch, is not removed, but played up with the help of various decorative elements, including benches.

For each of the gardens, several options for garden benches are suitable.

They are selected based on:

• garden size;
• design mobility;
• the material from which it is made.

For example, for a small rustic-style garden, structures made of wood will look beautiful. In some cases, you can use benches that combine metal and wood. They will emphasize the refined style, will become its pleasant additions. You can not install stone models. They will stand out against the background of beautiful greenery and well-groomed beds.

In landscaped areas, for example, close to blocks of stones that will be beautifully laid harmoniously, a stone bench will fit in. It can be a model with or without a back. Under a hanging willow branch, you can place a small wooden bench, in which there will be no metal parts.

In regular gardens near a fountain or a stone statue, stone furniture can be installed. It will complement a single style and add zest to it. . Wooden elements will look out of place.

Combined: metal and wood

These designs are universal. They are installed not only in the backyard, if the style allows it, but also on summer terraces, in the barbecue area. Such models are distinguished by a high aesthetic component.

Choose the shape and appearance of the model depending on the goals. For some cases, simple benches without a back are ideal, for others it is better to choose a bench with a back and armrests.

Manufacturing methods and options

Such structures are built in production. The difficulty lies in the fact that you need to have tools to create the desired shapes from metal. It is built as a support. Armrests and legs of the structure are made from it. Wood is used for the seat and back. It should be a dense wood species, which is pre-treated with impregnations that protect against decay:

• pine- light wood with a beautiful texture, color. She only gets more attractive with age. The disadvantage is that it is easily damaged mechanically;
• acacia- dense hardwood. It is reliable, can be used as the main material in the construction of the shop, however, with prolonged contact with a damp surface, the color of the wood may change. Therefore, it is better to use it only for arranging a seat and back;
• cedar- expensive material that absorbs moisture. It is the best for street construction. Since after drying it does not crack, it is deformed;
• teak- the high price of timber does not allow many to use it in the construction of outdoor furniture. However, it has many properties: it does not absorb moisture, does not dry out and is damaged. Over time, it becomes even more durable.

Depending on these parameters, a tree for benches is selected. However, they are also made of metal. Its choice is just as important for creating a high-quality and reliable design. All metal parts of the street structure are treated with anti-corrosion agents. The properties of this material, the way it is finished affects the aesthetic component of outdoor furniture.

Therefore, the choice of this material is as important as wood:

• aluminum- a common option for creating a frame for outdoor furniture. It is easy to process, can be cleaned, it is resistant to corrosion;
• steel- pipes, corners, channel bars. It is quite flexible compared to other iron alloys, so furniture made from it is very popular. Stainless steel is a durable and reliable material. It is resistant to corrosion, has a slight weight;
• cast iron- high-quality, reliable material. It is used to create stationary structures that must be heavy.

Each outdoor furniture can have a unique design, which depends not only on the choice of materials, but also on the way it is finished:

• casting- the most common metal processing method. With its application, you can achieve the creation of a variety of shapes, patterns. This method is used only in production;
• powder finish- gives the metal strength, attractiveness. It is more reliable and more beautiful than ordinary paint, protects surfaces from damage. At home, it is impossible to make such a coating;
• forging- a way through which you can create completely unique drawings, patterns. Forged furniture is considered the most beautiful, reliable.

However, to create outdoor furniture in the garden, you can also use old metal objects, for example, a bed. To build such a piece of furniture, you need to leave the bed frame and use wood to make a backrest, a seat. Such models will give comfort and uniqueness to your style.

Benches-transformers

Transformer benches are functional structures that are used not only to decorate the backyard, but also to create a comfortable seating area in it. These models are characterized by mobility, they are practical, easy to use - in just a few seconds, by transforming the bench, it turns into a comfortable table with two benches. It is comfortable to sit behind it, enjoy the pleasant atmosphere.

What designs exist?

• built from natural wood;
• made of metal and wood - combined models;
• assembled from metal.

On personal plots, structures made of wood or combined models are used. They are ordinary without decoration, but very practical. You can make such a table, benches with your own hands.

DIY manufacturing

Before you start building a transformer bench, you need to prepare the material and tools, draw up a drawing. It can be done with the help of programs for design and miscalculations. You can find them on the Internet or do the calculation yourself.

Choosing a material

For manufacturing, you will need timber, boards, the choice of breed depends on you. This article describes the pros and cons of wood, which is used for shops. The board must be sanded, it is better to check its moisture content with a moisture meter.

Calculation of the material according to the standard drawing

For assembly you need:

• 4 beams with a section of 90 * 45 * 1445 mm;
• 5 bars 90*32*1480 mm.

For work, you need to prepare the tool that you need. And you will need:

• screwdriver;
• drill;
• level;
• corner;
• sandpaper for grinding surfaces.

A grinder will do this job better, but if there is none, you can take paper (320). You will also need screws, bolts, saw. You also need to purchase paint and varnish materials.

Manufacturing steps

• We make the legs of the structure. To do this, you need to take the bars and cut them 70 cm long. You need to make 8 identical legs. On them it is necessary to make oblique cuts on both sides in order to obtain a balance of the structure during further installation.
• A frame is being made for the structure. This will require boards that need to be cut into four segments of 40 cm and the same number of segments of 170 cm. The angles must be made the same.
• It is necessary to strengthen the frame, for this you will need to nail a wooden beam in increments of 50 cm. Thus, the structure will be divided and the bench will be protected from deformation.
• The legs are attached to the seats at a distance of 10 cm from the corners. It is important to make connections of high quality, reliable. It is done with bolts.

• A 70 * 170 cm rectangle is created from the timber, which will be connected inside with additional material to ensure reliability.
• All the made elements of the transformer are collected. The work is difficult and responsible.
• You need to cut two bars 40 cm long. They are needed for fastening between the bench and the shield.
• We cut off two more beams, 110 cm long. They are used for the back. They are connected with screws.
• The frame is assembled, only then it is sheathed on the outside with a tree.

To protect the material from moisture, you need to cover it with a stain, and then with a water-repellent varnish. It dries for 36 hours, so after work you can not use the bench for several days. Such structures with proper care last about 20 years. Over time, the frame can be replaced with metal, which will increase the service life.

Non-standard benches

These structures are installed not only in personal plots, but also inside the house, in gazebos. Not only the design depends on the location, but also the materials that are used in the assembly of the structure.

Bench in the bath: features

During the construction of baths, only reliable materials are washed. This is a tree that, under the influence of high temperature, humidity, will not be deformed and will not change its color. For such models take:

• linden. It is easy to process, does not crack over time, dries quickly and heats up slowly. Minus - over time, the board darkens;
• aspen- has healing properties, but with prolonged use loses its beauty;
• Abashi. This tree has a porous structure, it does not heat up quickly, it retains its original appearance for a long time.

Benches in the bath are stationary structures. Their location is thought out at the design stage of the sauna. They must have a certain height, width, so that a person can comfortably fit on them.

They are built of several types:

• L-shaped - for steam rooms of medium size;
• straight lines - mounted in small steam rooms;
• U-shaped for large rooms.

• benches are built in the same style. If, for example, it is country music, then benches can be built in combination with metal, or exclusively from wood. Designs made from old furniture or objects will look beautiful. As a support, you can use wheels from a wheelbarrow or ordinary stumps, beautifully carved. Models with carved elements, decorated with soft pillows in bright colors, look attractive. Artificially aged bars, which are used as seats, will add charm, comfort;
• rustic style - only wood is used, and it can be aged or bars can be used that have stood in the yard for a long time. They will become the best basis for shops. In this style, metal and plastic are not welcome. Furniture should be massive, solid. You can apply decorative ornaments as capes;
• Scandinavian style involves the use of many warm and soft objects. Benches are built for the gazebo large, they are stationary with wide seats, high backs. To make such furniture attractive, soft pillows are added, which are sewn to order according to the size of the furniture.

Rarely furniture made of stone or iron is installed in gazebos.

In the hallway: a house with a soul

Arranging the hallway is just as important as choosing furniture for other rooms in the house. After all, this room is the calling card of any home.

What they pay attention to:

For this room, models made of different materials are purchased:

• plastic- models are combined with other materials: wood, chipboard or fiberboard. Of these, furniture for hallways is rarely built, only if the interior allows you to fit it in. Plastic may have a different color shape. Plastic benches are easy to clean and transport;
• tree- durable, reliable designs. Due to the dense structure, the tree does not absorb moisture, and does not dry out under the influence of solar radiation. For the manufacture of furniture used coniferous wood, aspen, alder, oak. Such models may have a carved pattern on the legs, armrests or headboard. The tree is painted with tinted varnish to preserve the texture of the material;
• MDF and chipboard- used in the construction of furniture. Such designs are equipped with drawers or it can occupy the entire space under the product. This material is used for the construction of furniture in the living room, bedroom. It can have a different color, covered with a laminated film, which increases moisture resistance;

• forged- not suitable for all hallways. So that it does not overload this room, such structures are built small. They perform only their main function - you can comfortably sit on it. Furniture can have a back or be built with beautifully patterned armrests;
• wicker- beautiful models. They are inferior in strength to their counterparts, but their beauty minimizes this disadvantage. Such structures are built both with a box for small things, and without it;
• combined- used wood and metal. Such designs are practical, reliable. The frame of the structure is built from metal, and the parts on which they sit or rest their backs are made of wood.

When choosing benches for a room, you can not be so strict about the material and its properties to withstand sudden temperature changes.

Baby

Children's furniture is built according to the norms set by our government. Therefore, the choice of material, paint is subject to high requirements, prescribed in SPIPs. For the construction of shops, natural materials or plastic are used, which do not contain harmful impurities.

Types of children's benches depending on their location:

for the street - wood and metal are used. The legs are built from steel, which is processed to improve its properties, resistance to moisture. Such designs do not have a back, rare models can be with armrests. The upper part is built of wood, and all parts of the metal frame are covered with it to cover all sharp corners. Such models are decorated with multi-colored paint, which is used to paint all the components of the product;

benches made of wood are installed for kindergartens and playgrounds. Such designs are most suitable for children. They do not contain harmful substances, there are no sharp corners and joints that a child can get injured on. Benches can be installed in locker rooms, the height of which does not reach half a meter. They are mobile and easy to move around the room;

plastic structures are mounted for private playgrounds. They are distinguished by a variety of patterns, colors. They can be made in the form of favorite animals, cartoon characters. The benches are light and reliable. The back can be made in the shape of the sun, caterpillar, butterfly. An integral part is the variety of colors.

Often such structures can be combined with a table, a canopy. If a bench is being made for a children's public playground, all the rules established by the government must be taken into account. For the construction of a children's structure in a private house, you can use plastic models.

Corner bench for garden, home, kitchen

Benches are built from different materials: stone, metal, plastic, wood. Among the variety of shapes and types of benches, corner models look especially interesting. They are compact, but more spacious and beautiful. You can design many types of corner benches:

• corner bench-transformer - such a model consists of straight sections of a small size, which, if necessary, can be rearranged, while adjusting the structure to the conditions of another space;

• on the plot you can find many places that can be used to create a comfortable place to relax. A simple corner bench placed against the wall is easy to install and does not require the use of calculation programs. To assemble it, you need to prepare a frame, a tree that will serve as a seat. It is installed near a free wall, which is sheathed with clapboard;
• corner benches made of natural stone. Such structures are installed on personal plots. They are reliable, differ in the absence of a back and decor. Such models are made in factories;
• corner bench with table. The design has benches located between the table. It may be slightly larger and taller in size, have a different color. This will only give the composition a unique look.

Such models are built of wood, rarely steel can be used as a frame. For beauty, they are decorated with various decorative elements. If these are wooden structures, then carved elements made on the legs of models, a headboard can be used as decor. If the design is combined, then beautiful forging is done, it can be done on the back or armrests.

There is, perhaps, no such courtyard, wherever there is a shop - an invariable attribute of relaxation and communication. This item is convenient and useful, found everywhere both on the street and indoors. There are countless forms of bench designs, however, they are all united by two basic principles of construction: stability and comfort. It is from them that you should build on, making a bench with a back with your own hands.

Types and design features of benches

The classic solution for the design of the bench is the seat, back and supports. Armrests, a built-in table, a canopy from rain and sun, and much more can complement it. The form can be simple, minimalistic or of unprecedented beauty and complexity, the main thing is that it harmoniously complements the surrounding space and is comfortable for relaxation.

The idea of ​​\u200b\u200bwhat the shop will be depends on the following points:

• Placement area:
• in the garden, near the house (they decorate the territory, have a mostly stationary, convenient form);
• terrace (lightweight form, convenient for tea drinking and communication);
• a barbecue or recreation area (the form must be designed for a certain number of people);
• near water (corrosion and decay-resistant bench material);
• The installation site is permanent or the bench needs to be moved, brought in / taken out;
• Shape: straight, round, semicircle, angled, curved;
• Production material: wood, metal, stone/concrete, combination of materials.

At home, in the country, improvised materials, used items, such as a bed, a door, a wardrobe, pallets (pallets), chairs, logs, snags, a cinder block and much more, often become the material for constructing a bench. It turns out original, interesting items in a vintage or rustic style. Pallets and furniture made from them have become an "untilted field" for ideas, a fairly common creative material.

Useful elements can be included in the design of the bench, for example, the seat can be made folding, and the sewn space under it can be adapted as a storage capacity. A folding table will be useful, as part of the design of a bench or a shelf for shoes under the seat of a bench in the hallway.

Designing a comfortable bench with a back

Let's start the consideration of the structure with the support posts. Often they have a U or X-shape, their stability has been tested by experience. The form can also be solid (wooden beams, stone slabs), cast (formed from cast iron or concrete, the back goes into supports), in the form of legs, curved from metal or forged elements.

The seat is a part of the bench, which should be comfortable and resistant to stress. It is made solid or at intervals (wooden bars, metal pipes, rods). A solid seat is comfortable, however, it must be provided that water does not stagnate on it after precipitation. The edges of the seat must be rounded so as not to injure the legs. The optimal length is 1500 mm, width is 400-450 mm, the length of one seat is 480 mm (of course, all sizes are selected individually). There are designs where the seat and back are made in one line (the back smoothly passes into the seat by means of a bend), such benches are comfortable, often found in city parks, their supports are cast iron or concrete, you can repeat this shape from wood or bend from a profile pipe .

A significant part in the convenience of the bench is given to the distance from the seat to the ground (floor), it should be 400-450 mm. It is necessary that the legs touch the base.

The backrest makes the bench an object of long rest, it allows you to relax not only the leg muscles, but also the muscles of the back. An important role here is played by the angle of inclination relative to the seat and the height of the back. Based on human physiology, 10-20 degrees is considered the most comfortable. angle of deviation of the back from the perpendicular, height from 360 mm (since the human spine has an S-shaped bend, the height of the back is divided into two parts: 180–240 mm to the fulcrum - the place where the back does not fit and + another 180–240 mm - touch segment to the back). The back should not be massive and outweigh the bottom of the structure.

Advice! The gap (clearance) between the back and the seat should not be made large, if a small child sits on a bench, he will not be able to lean on his back.

The choice of material for the manufacture of a bench with a back

The most convenient and budget material for manufacturing is wood. Wooden bench combines the balance of beauty and comfort, looks great in any space. Wood is a malleable material for making various shapes and decorative elements, it has a pleasant tactile sensation, does not overheat in the sun and does not get cold in the cold.

A simple do-it-yourself wooden bench is made quite quickly, a minimal set of tools is needed. You can use inexpensive wood species. Resistance to moisture, ultraviolet radiation, fungus and insect damage is provided by modern protective agents for impregnating and coating wood surfaces. The weight of the product is optimal for moving.

The disadvantage of wooden benches is considered to be fragility, the tree tends to dry out over time, the joints are loosened. Various metal assembly and fastening elements (corners, threaded ties, self-tapping screws instead of nails) can strengthen the structure with glue. If the supports need to be dug into the ground, they should be protected from decay by impregnating them with oil / resin-containing agents.

Advice! Wood is a flammable material, so a bench located near a fire (bonfire, barbecue, stove) must be treated with a refractory solution (flame retardant), which will help to resist fire for some time.

Metal is a reliable and durable material with proper care and operating conditions. Refined, “airy”, “lace” designs are obtained from it. The main drawback is corrosion, which is eliminated by a protective coating of surfaces with primer, paint, enamel, repeated periodically as needed. Flexible metal can be given a different shape. The design of the bench made of square profile pipes will be stable, solid and light. The square section is the most convenient in installation. The greatest beauty of the benches are obtained from forged elements.

The assembly of the metal product is very strong, carried out with the help of welding seams and threaded fasteners. The need for a welding machine and the ability to use it makes installation at home somewhat difficult.

The seat and back of a metal bench are almost always covered with pillows, covers, bedspreads, since tactile sensations are not always pleasant. The thermal conductivity of metal is higher than that of wood, so it is difficult to achieve a comfortable temperature balance between the body and the metal surface, and it is pointless to heat the bench with oneself.

A bench made of concrete is practically a sculpture. In this case, any form can be achieved with a lot of effort and effort. The frame assembled from metal is placed in the formwork and poured with concrete (the concrete hardening period is 1–2 months). They basically make any parts of the structure and combine them with other materials. It is heavy and not designed to be moved. There is no doubt about immobility. Resistant to all weather conditions, durable.

Concrete complexes of benches and containers for planting plants with the installation of lighting elements look great. Practical for placement near the water.

Advice! Under heavy benches, a flat area should be prepared from layers of sand, gravel, crushed stone so that it does not get stuck in the ground.

The most common bench option is a design with a combination of materials. She is preferred in most cases, since here you can combine a reliable frame (metal), a comfortable seat with a back (wood), while achieving beauty, durability, convenience and lightness of form.

When buying material, make sure of its quality, you need to choose a dry tree so that it does not lead, remember the size of the parts. If there is a drawing with the specified dimensions, the material can be cut at the place of purchase, which will facilitate its transportation.

Drawing, material calculation, preparation for construction

A do-it-yourself shop begins with an idea that is first embodied in a drawing. The drawing must be accurate and detailed and will need to be referred to throughout the work. Two drawings can be made: a bench frame and a seat with a back if the materials are different. The option when the supports are dug in (concreted) should provide for an additional length of the supports.

The drawing of the shop will show the number of parts, and the dimensions will help determine the amount of material used.

Tools: saw, planer, drill, tape measure, angle gauge, wrench.

Materials: pine board 25x75 mm, 40x80 mm, 40x120 mm, bolts with nuts 9 mm - 8 pcs., self-tapping screws, sandpaper.

File the parts in the right amount to size, sand. Start assembly.

How to do it yourself: the order of connecting parts

1. Assembling the bench supports: mark and drill holes for the bolted connection, before that, fix the parts with clamps. Tighten the connections of both sidewalls;
2. Connection of supports with jumpers: attach power jumpers to the structures of the side supports using self-tapping screws according to the drawing;
3. Assembling the backrest and seat: screw the strips to the side supports with self-tapping screws, observing a uniform gap between them. Drown the heads of the self-tapping screws in the slats;
4. Grinding joints and sharp corners;
5. Application of decorative and protective coatings.

If there is a desire to emphasize the texture of the wood, then the surface is treated with a non-water-based stain (untreated wood swells from water) of the selected color, then the surface is varnished in several layers according to the instructions on the package (the varnish should be for outdoor purposes with good wear resistance, for example, yachts). lacquer). Between the application of layers, the varnish must dry (stage from dust - when dust does not stick to the surface and it can be wiped off). Before applying the next layer, the previous one must be lightly sanded, this will not affect the transparency of the varnish.

If you decide to paint the shop, then before painting on the surface you need to apply a base (a product to protect and reduce the porosity of wood), it will give a good adhesive effect, the paint will last longer. Then apply paint for outdoor purposes in several layers.

All painting work should be carried out outdoors, a respirator must be used indoors.

For greater decorativeness, you can brush the surface, the structure of the tree will become more expressive. The naturalness of the wood is emphasized by the application of impregnating oil-wax products with a water-repellent and protective effect.

Today, the choice of wood protection products, as well as all kinds of paint and varnish coatings, is very wide. It will not be difficult to find a tool that will combine the desired qualities.

Whatever material and drawing is chosen, the bench will be unique because it is made by hand. Remember about safety measures, all work must be accompanied by the use of protective equipment.

Garden benches are the most popular small architectural forms. You can make them of any size and design, but in addition to their direct purpose, the benches also perform a decorative function. You can make a garden bench for yourself with your own hands, using our drawings and photographs.

How to make a bench from "junk" materials

The easiest way is to make a bench out of wood. It is a traditional material for garden furniture, affordable and easy to work with. But even in this case, you can save money by choosing as the main material the one that literally lies under your feet.

The first option is trees, poles and stumps from your own site or a nearby forest plantation in which sanitary felling is carried out.

Carefully cutting off a couple of medium-sized stumps, they can be put on the base of the bench. From the poles, make the lower crossbar for structural rigidity. And for sitting, dissolve part of the trunk on the circular. If there is no equipment for longitudinal sawing, then you can take an unedged board with a thickness of 75 mm.

In this example, the bench is already more comfortable - in addition to the seat, it also has a backrest. The model is a little more complicated, since you will have to find a higher part of the trunk and process it in two steps - first make a profile cut with a “ledge”, and then dissolve the workpiece into two halves.

And to assemble the next bench, you will need:

• two short logs of the same diameter for the base;
• two medium-thick poles for supporting the back;
• one long log, sawn into two halves (for the seat and back).

In short logs, you need to choose a groove so that a long log fits into it. Then the seat is fixed in the grooves, and each pole is fixed at two points - to the base and the seat. For fastening, it is better to choose powerful self-tapping wood bolts.

Another budget material for a country bench is pallets (wooden pallets). But not every pallet is suitable for the manufacture of garden furniture. Ideally, you need from a good edged board, the so-called euro pallet, which can be recognized by the EUR marking.

In principle, the standard width of the euro pallet is somewhat large for the seat - 80 cm. It can be shortened to 67 cm by cutting along the contour of the central bar. But you can not do this. Here are some examples of simple designs with different base and seat options:

1. Bench of four pallets uncut in width. Three serve as a base, and the fourth as a back. At the pallet for the back, you will have to remove part of the support bars, and ensure the rigidity of the bench with wooden slats.

2. In this case, four pallets are also used, but already cut. Three ropes woven obliquely are used to fix the back, and wallpaper nails are used for decoration.

3. This bench is made from just two pallets. One is intact, and the second is cut and, as it were, bent at an angle - it serves as both a seat and a back. The design is good for its mobility - there are small wheels as legs.

Perhaps the only inconvenience of using euro pallets as a starting material is the standard dimensions of 80x120 cm. They limit the possibilities for creativity to some extent. The use of ordinary lumber (boards, bars and beams) allows you to make a bench for giving for every taste.

Board and bar

It should be said right away that any bench drawing can be adjusted for specific conditions. The only limitation is that the thickness of the board and the section of the bar are sufficient to fulfill the load-bearing properties.

Below is a drawing of a bench, which is made of only three “paired” elements:

• seat and back;
• short support (back leg) from a board in the form of a trapezoid;
• long support (front leg).

1- front leg; 2 - rear leg; 3 - seat; 4 - back; 5 - front view; 6 - side view

The result is a stable structure with a triangle at the base and two transverse stiffeners.

This is what the bench looks like in real life.

In this drawing, the bench is in a more complex design. For its manufacture, you need a 40x140 mm board (supports, back and seat), a 40x70 mm bar (short bundles of supports) and a 20 mm board (long bundle between the sidewalls).

And this is the same design, but using a board and a bar 75 mm thick. Small differences in the base and attachment of the ligaments are not fundamental.

There is only one condition in principle - the boards in the seat are attached with a small gap, sufficient to compensate for the expansion of the tree in high humidity.

large forms

Wooden benches in a "large format" look original.

For example, here is such a “thick” unedged board across the entire width of the log. Covered with clear varnish, it conveys the natural beauty of wood with all color transitions.

From rounded logs, you can build not only a summer house or a bathhouse, but also such a garden bench.

And from a bar you can assemble an original chair that can serve not only under a canopy, but also in the open air - removable pillows can be easily brought into the house in bad weather.

stone and wood

Stone, like wood, also organically fits into the landscape of a suburban area. Of course, a flat slab is practically never found in nature, but sawn stone can be used.

The next option is easier to perform - the bench is made of small blocks of wild stone. And since such a surface is not only cold, but also uneven, you can’t do without pillows.

Pillows add comfort, but they have to be constantly brought in and out. That is why for seats in garden benches, regardless of the base material, wood is used. This is how it is with such an original bench, at the base of which a gabion is used (a mesh cage filled with stone, rubble or pebbles).

Concrete is no less popular for making the base of the bench. But it is difficult to make a form for pouring a complex contour at once, but a small formwork is simple. And even a “cold joint” when pouring in two steps will not affect the strength of the structure (such as in this photo).

Another option for artificial stone is hollow building concrete blocks. It is enough to fasten them together with good masonry glue, and lay a bar in the cavity, and the bench is ready.

metal and wood

The simplest benches on a metal frame use a square profile.

It is possible to weld two sidewalls from a profile pipe in the form of the letter “H”, and a wooden seat made of solid wood will also serve as a “stiffening rib”.

In the following example, solid wood is also used as a stiffening element, but the supports are made in the form of a square with a cross member for attaching the seat.

And this is the simplest self-supporting construction of a square profile, in which the strength and rigidity of the welded base is sufficient to make the seat from a wooden bar.

The following photo shows a factory-made bench.

But if there is a pipe bender in the home workshop (and it’s easy to do it yourself), then it’s easy to bend two types of arches and a “wave” from a round pipe. Then the metal blanks must be welded, put plastic plugs on the legs (sold for any profile and size of the pipe) and fix the bars on the “wave”.