Educational toys made of wood drawings. Plywood toys: tools and accessories, manufacturing details

Even those people who have grown up their own grandchildren, remember their toys. Something has been erased from memory, and the entertainment of childhood is invisibly present nearby. Therefore, many parents try to make wooden toys with their own hands so that they are original, develop creativity and bring joy.

Wooden toys are the best

It is the tree that parents most often choose to create fun for children. Past generations left a lot of interesting ideas to the masters, and now these ideas are increasingly being implemented, as industrial toys of dubious origin made of plastic and rubber are less and less attractive to parents. Wooden toys are also on the shelves of children's stores, but they are quite expensive. So why not try making wooden toys for children with your own hands.

This occupation, of course, is laborious, but the result will be impressive: a happy child, pride in a talented dad, a new original toy.

To create children's fun, you will need minimal skills - this is the ability to handle woodworking tools and have a little idea about wood species. Fantasy and the desire to make a surprise will also help.

Why this folk skill has been revived so actively lately is explained by the fact that wood is an environmentally friendly material, completely harmless, and objects made from it are durable and attractive.

Necessary materials for work

If parents decide to make more than one toy, then it is better to purchase high-quality tools for making them. Of course, they will cost more, but working with them will be much easier and faster. But the process itself will not be expensive.

Before you start making wooden toys with your own hands, you need to stock up on the necessary amount of material, which includes not only wood, but also varnish, paint, and glue. For children's toys, varnish must be selected one that does not contain harmful substances and heavy metals.

The toy, first of all, must be safe, not harm the child. Therefore, the wood must be processed perfectly. As a material, experts advise using such varieties of trees as linden, alder, aspen or poplar - they can be processed much easier than, for example, oak or birch. If the varieties are hard, it will take more time and effort to process them. In order to make wooden toys with your own hands, you can use the wood that is available. It is not advisable to take coniferous trees into work, as they can form sharp, dangerous chips that cause wounds.

Required Tools

Tools for work play an important role, therefore, their acquisition must be taken carefully. Necessarily in the process of work you will need:

• drill;
• jigsaw;
• several hacksaws;
• Sander;
• bit;
• chisel;
• devices for taking measurements;
• glue and varnishes for wood;
• burning machine.

Each master, deciding to create wooden toys with his own hands, has his own secrets, skills and methods, so the number of tools and the set itself are usually selected individually. The availability of any device also depends on the complexity of the work. The more complex the crafted item, the more skills and equipment will be needed. It may even be necessary to have the skills of a turner and miller.

Where is the best place to buy raw materials?

Having considered what kind of toy you need to make, you should prepare the material. If it is possible to take wood on your own site, this is the best way out, but many have to purchase raw materials in specialized stores. There is a great opportunity to buy illiquid - it is always available in a store or warehouse, where you can choose trimmings, the remaining substandard wood. Plywood can also be used for work.

Beginning of work

When all the materials and tools have been prepared for work, the idea has been formed, it's time to start implementing it. To facilitate the work, you need a sketch of a future toy. Each detail should be drawn separately, and the scale should correspond to 1:1.

Before assembling the toy, all parts must be carefully cleaned and sanded. You should immediately, when making children's wooden toys with your own hands, decide how all the details will be connected to each other. Fastening must be reliable and durable. Most often, glue is used for these purposes, insuring it with wooden dowels.

If nails are used, then it is necessary to first mark the place in the wooden parts where the holes will appear, then drill them very carefully so that the wooden surface does not crack.

If the craft will be with wheels that rotate, it is most convenient to use nails for furniture upholstery, and in order for them to be securely fastened, it is better to use metal studs in parallel - preferably with a thread. In this case, the wheels will be firmly fixed and will not fall off during the game.

In the process of work, you may encounter some difficulties. The wood will not work well if it has not been dried first, so it is best to wait a bit until the wood is completely dry.

Usually the details in homemade toys are small in size, there are also very small ones, and therefore extreme caution will be required. The smaller and thinner the piece, the more likely it is to break. But over time, the experience gained will help to cope with this problem.

Final steps

When the toy is fully assembled and ready, you can make it a little more beautiful. If you paint a wooden toy, while maintaining both the texture and the natural color of the tree, it is guaranteed to attract the attention of the child. To do this, use the burning method. When buying varnishes and paints, it is better to consult with the seller which ones are safer.

To ennoble wooden toys with your own hands, you can borrow a few ideas from a photo on the Internet that make it possible to decorate your own work in an original way. For decor, they use clippings from magazines and postcards or draw some details on their own, and then firmly glue them.

If there are no special skills in creating wooden toys, you can start practicing with the simplest crafts. These can be cubes and pyramids with thematic drawings or letters and numbers, which are used as educational games for young children. Then, having gained experience, you can proceed to more complex crafts - animals, people, cars, ships, planes.

Children grow up, and they want to have toys of more complex designs. Therefore, parents will have to improve in order to know how to make wooden toys with their own hands, more functional and unusual.

Previously, it was in many kindergartens, and orders for manufacturing came even from above. Now the Bogorodskaya toy is very difficult. The craftsmen who work at the factory for a penny do not let her die completely. Even on private orders for wood, you can’t go far, they cheer you up more than business. Factory workers still remember how one day a new Russian came and asked to make a stupa for his mother-in-law as a gift. With a hint :)

The toy is about 350 years old. Then, under the control of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, woodworking began to develop in the nearby village of Bogorodskoye. They carved inocostas, platbands, wooden sculptures and toys. Later, a school of master carvers and a professional artel, the current factory, appeared.
A more romantic version tells of a peasant whose children got tired of playing with a wooden doll and abandoned it. The peasant took the doll to the fair, where he was lucky - the merchant saw the toy and ordered a batch. So the inhabitants of Bogorodsky began to engage in "toy business".
A wooden toy is made from linden dried for 3-5 years. This soft wood is well suited for cutting:

the preparation of the product is first cut down with an ax or cut out with a hacksaw according to a pattern

Then they are processed with tools - chisels and special very sharp Bogorodsk knives. Yes, the knives were local too. Once upon a time, while one part of the village made toys, the second one prepared knives and chisels for their manufacture. Now masters use imported tools or make them themselves, only the name remains

An experienced worker spends 15-20 minutes cutting one blank. However, the working day of the master at the factory is short - until lunch. Then many go home for private work or to fulfill the order of the factory. We arrived just in time for dinner, and all the masters had already left. I had to show everything to the escort. In a month, according to the norm, it is supposed to hand over 130-140 products. Cuts and abrasions are common at work, but people do not lose heart.

They work here. Smells like wood inside

After processing, the toy is collected in parts

And these are the future Carlsons. Below will be colored

Although traditionally the toy was not painted, now this rule is sometimes deviated from. It turns out not worse :)

They work with gouache, and then cover with a harmless oil varnish. Previously, the factory was doing well and employed several hundred people. Now there are fewer and fewer workers, some shops are even empty. They say that in 12 years the team has decreased by 2 times and has aged a lot.

However, the toy is still wonderful. Look how cool Carlson

Just class. The toy is held in his hands, the ball rotates - Carlson moves his hand and eats jam, a jar with which he has not yet been attached

But the spoon has already been given out ... And he is satisfied

There are toys with heroes of other fairy tales. Here the ball is spinning, and grandma and grandpa are baking a bun

There are various moving plots - a cat catches fish, chickens peck grain. Such a toy develops imagination and hands.

All these toys have the same principle of operation: when the Belchat planks are shifted with knobs, and the Goslings and Chickens hit the boards fixed on the upper planks with their beaks. As you can see, a simple mechanism is used here too. Bogorodsk toy "Blacksmiths".

Before making a toy, carefully study the drawing, and only then proceed to marking the characters' figures on plywood. Usually, each figurine has weak points that can break even during the sawing process or during testing. For example, Squirrels have paws, ears; Goslings and Chickens have beaks. When marking, try, if possible, to place these elements along the fibers, and when cutting out, make sure that the jigsaw file moves from the outside of the marking (so that the dimensions and, consequently, strength do not decrease). Be especially careful when marking and cutting out elements that will experience shock loads during operation, for example, the front legs of Squirrels, the beaks of Goslings and Chickens. The result of incorrect marking and sawing can be seen in this photo as an example (Fig. 2.).

An inexperienced student did not take into account the direction of the fibers when marking, and even reduced the size of the beak when sawing. As a result, the gosling (right) broke off its beak during the first test.

Unfortunately, high-quality plywood is not always available. You have to cut out what you have. Sometimes the veneer peels off, small elements fall out. Especially often this is observed from the wrong side. To prevent these cases, it is recommended to stick paper on this side, or apply a layer of PVA glue. These measures will significantly increase the strength of plywood.

To make any of these toys, you will need three-layer plywood, PVA glue, sandpaper, a saw table, a jigsaw, small carnations, an awl, a hammer, an electric burner, and wooden planks.

The sequence of manufacturing the toy "Squirrels" (Fig. 3.)

1. Using the drawing (Fig. 4), mark the Belchat figures and the board on which they will strike with their cones.
2. Cut out the marked parts with a jigsaw.
3. Decorate the figurines with burning or painting with paints.
4. In the paws of the figurines, pierce holes with an awl, into which the carnations should pass freely.
5. Fix the figures on the planks, as shown in Fig. 3. without hammering nails to the end.
6. Test the toy, adjust if necessary. After making sure that it works correctly, finish off the nails without pressing the figurines tightly against the planks.

The rest of the toys (goslings and chickens) are made in a similar sequence, using the appropriate drawings (Fig. 5, Fig. 6.).

In the manufacture of any toy, it is desirable to make your own changes that improve strength, finish, technology, etc. On Fig.7. options for making chicken toys are given.

Here, the figurines of chickens have false wings, eyes made of beads, instead of a plank there is a plate with millet. When finishing, stain and varnish were used.

Literature:
1. A.P. Zhuravleva, L.A. Bolotina. Initial technical modeling, Moscow, Education, 1982
2. Zhukariy mobile. "Boboche fun"
3. Website lobzik.pri.ee

Movable toy "Blacksmiths"

First of all, a few words about the history of this toy.

Back in the 17th century, in the village of Bogorodskoye near Moscow, a woman, a mother of two children, carved a human figure out of a wooden block with a knife. When the children played enough, the father took it to the market and sold it. He ordered a new one. So the wife began to carve toys for sale, and the husband to sell them. This is where Bogorodsk carving began, which to this day is famous for its craftswomen and craftsmen, surprising with its wonderful creativity.

Bogorodsk carving is characterized by a wide variety of genres. These are figurines of animals and birds, and entertaining everyday scenes, and all kinds of toys with movement. Mainly soft, easy-to-work linden is used. The skill and creative imagination of many generations of carvers are passed on in the art of Bogorodsk carving from generation to generation. Here, Bogorodsk skills of working with a chisel and a knife, an artistic system of the plastic structure of figures and features of their decorative cutting were formed. Creating toys where the characters move, the craftsmen also proved to be original designers. Simple tricks - the use of shifting bars, moving parts attached to springs or ropes, simple button mechanisms are used in a variety of compositions, enhancing the brightness of the artistic imagery of the toy, making it truly alive.

The Bogorodsk toy "Blacksmiths" is very popular in many countries. When the planks are shifted to one side and the other, the figures of a man and a bear alternately strike with hammers on the anvil. There are many variations of this toy. Each master reflects this story in his own way. An experienced craftsman who has mastered the techniques of Bogorodsk carving can make such a toy, and I offer you a simplified version that retains the principle of the mechanism, but the figures of a man and a bear are cut out of plywood with a jigsaw. Fifth graders, boys and girls make such a toy in my circle. Sketches of drawings for a man and a bear were made by my former student Lev Voloshin when he was in the 7th grade of a gymnasium and at the same time at an art school. A sample of such a toy is shown below in the photo.

To make this toy, we need the following materials: three-layer plywood (approximately half the size of A4), two planks of rectangular section 20x15 mm 240 mm long from any wood species, six carnations 10-15 mm long and PVA glue.

Necessary tools and accessories: sawing table, jigsaw, hammer, awl, electric burner, medium grit sanding paper, soft pencil, carbon paper.

Sequence of work:

1. Print the drawing on the printer. If this is not possible, draw figures of a man and a bear in 10x10 mm cells.

2. Prepare plywood: check for knots, delamination, mechanical damage and other defects; sand the front surface with a sandpaper (you need to grind only along the fibers!).

3. Fix carbon paper on the plywood blank (with the side where the dye is applied - to the surface of the plywood!) And the drawing with two buttons or small studs, hammering their depth of 2-3 mm. Position buttons or studs so that you can lift the carbon paper along with the drawing and check the quality of the markup. Make sure that the thin elements of the pattern (in this case, the hammer handles) are located along the fibers, this will significantly increase the strength of the product.

4. Copy the drawing using a soft pencil or non-writing ballpoint pen.

5. Lifting the carbon paper along with the drawing, make sure the markup is correct and only then remove the buttons or carnations.

6. Using a jigsaw, cut out the figures of a man and a bear. When sawing, make sure that the jigsaw file does not move along the marking line, but next to it from the outside.

7. Sand the side surfaces of the sawn figures, apply a pattern using an electric burner.

8. Mark and saw out the anvil. It can only be sanded, drawing - at will.

9. Fix the anvil, adhering to the dimensions of the drawing, using PVA glue and two nails on one of the planks.

10. Now lay the planks as shown in the drawing, with an offset of 30mm.

11. In the figurines, pierce the holes for the studs so that they enter freely (with a small gap).

12. Fasten the man figure so that the hammer touches the anvil. Do not drive the nails in completely yet, they may have to be pulled out during setup and hammered in another place.

13. Now set the bear figurine so that its hammer is raised above the anvil. Note! The lines mentally drawn through the centers of the carnation caps should be parallel. For control, you can attach two rulers.

14. If you did everything right, when the planks are moved, the bear and the man will strike the anvil with their hammers. And, only after making sure that the toy works correctly, hammer in the nails, but not very tightly so as not to press the figures to the planks.

Literature:

1. Elkin. The tree tells stories. Moscow, Enlightenment, 1978.
2. Artistic crafts of the Moscow region. Moscow worker, 1982.
3. M.G. Chereiskaya. Album "Russian souvenir". Leningrad, "Aurora", 1978.
4. S.G. Rykhlitsky. Making toys in the classroom. Journal "School and production", No. 5, 2005.

Toy "Pecking chickens"
do it yourself

In my carefree childhood, there was such a favorite toy: by pressing the levers, you could set two hens in motion: they "pecked" grain by grain, in turn .... Nothing special, just pampering, but this simple toy fascinated, forced two poor pecking and pecking birds...

I have not seen such fun in children's stores for a long time. This master class will help you make it yourself.

You will need:
- thick cardboard or plywood (DVP) 2 mm thick;
- velvet paper;
copy paper;
two wooden slats 30 cm long, 1 cm wide;
4 self-tapping screws No. 10 (or wooden toothpicks);
as well as tools: scissors or a jigsaw;
drill;
crosshead screwdriver.

If you are already experienced enough, try to make a plywood toy by sawing the figures along the contour with a jigsaw.

From velvet paper, cut out the finishing elements and glue them according to the pattern.

Lay the rails on a flat surface and move them 1 cm relative to each other. Mark the center on each rail. Set aside to the right and left of the center 6 cm.

Place the cockerel part on the rails in mark A and pierce it with an awl in the places marked with crosses in the figure, while marking the locations of the holes on the rails.

A drill drilled small holes in the rails. Attach the cockerel to the rails and, aligning the holes, screw it on the front side with screws. Tilt the cockerel to the center of the rails. Lay on the slats in mark B the part of the chicken and attach it in the same way. Instead of screws, you can use toothpicks - firmly insert them into the holes. Break off the ends of the toothpicks to 0.5-1 cm on each side. Fix the ends of the toothpicks with suitable beads or pieces of plastic tubes (it is necessary that they fit tightly on the toothpick).

Your chickens they will start pecking if you move the slats left and right relative to each other.

A long time ago, when there was no plastic yet, and instead of glass, bull bubbles were pulled into window openings, little girls, just like now, played mother-daughters, and boys played warriors and hunters. Each clan always had its own Left-hander, who made not only ralos and cartwheels, but also amusing toys for his children in moments of leisure. The most accessible materials then were clay and wood, so most often children's clay whistles and wooden nesting dolls came out of the hands of a craftsman.

Wooden dolls did not always have legs and arms. Often the manufacture of crafts ended with the designation of the eyes and mouth, the rest was added by children's imagination. But sometimes a loving dad made such crafts or mechanical masterpieces that were passed down from generation to generation. For example, almost every kid had a wooden rocking chair in the form of a Sivka Burka.

Rocking horse

In order to start making this toy, you will need:

• a board about 20-30 mm thick or a furniture board;
• stalk from a rake;
• wooden pins;
• wood screws;
• jigsaw;
• drill;
• glue.

Work order

• Transfer the drawing from paper to the board.
• Cut out all the details with a jigsaw along the contours and drill holes for the cuttings and pins.
• Insert the pins into the holes, smearing them with glue. Assemble the seat and rear legs.
• After drying, continue assembly.
• Treat all sharp edges and roughness. Draw a muzzle. The horse for the little rider is ready.

Weapon

If he wants to play as a knight or an epic hero, such wooden armor, a sword and an ax will certainly come in handy. They are carved from a single piece of wood, polished and coated with metallic paint. With such weapons, you can even arrange children's New Year's performances.

Cubes

The very first toy after the rattle is, of course, cubes. In a world dominated by synthetics and plastics, it is so nice to touch natural materials. To make wooden cubes for a baby, it is not necessary to have the skills of a carver. The only indispensable condition is careful surface treatment, cutting sharp corners and edges. Such cubes do not need to be varnished or painted, because the baby will definitely try them by mouth. Put a gift under the Christmas tree, and your child will be busy with an exciting game all New Year's weekend.

Mother of God toy

Homegrown kulibins were not limited to whistles and horses. Mobile "live" crafts, which are several hundred years old, can be seen today in the Museum "Bogoroditskaya Toy". Not knowing the laws of mechanics, purely on a whim and thanks to their own ingenuity, the masters created these hens pecking grain, hares playing the accordion and blacksmith bears.

Wooden figurines were carved from linden, cut down 3-5 years before. Special knives were made for work in the village of Bogoroditsky. Today's development of technology allows anyone who wants to make original New Year's gifts under the Christmas tree for their children.

Start making crafts with drawings. You can significantly simplify the design, depriving it of volume, and use plywood instead of linden. The most difficult thing in assembly is to determine such a place for attaching legs and paws so that when moving the planks, the bear and the blacksmith hit the anvil with hammers exactly. This is done by experience. But if our ancestors could make wooden mechanical structures, then, probably, modern dads can do it too.

Christmas snowflakes on the Christmas tree

For any kid, the most memorable moments of the holiday are making toys for the Christmas tree with your own hands. It is very easy to make wooden Christmas tree snowflakes from old clothespins. For this:

• remove the two halves from the spring. Unfold the reverse side and glue 8 pairs with even “backs”.
• fold a cross from 4 glued halves and glue it in the center.
• attach 4 more turned-out clothespins, gluing them at the base.
• New Year's snowflakes on the Christmas tree should be beautiful. Glue circles of colored paper or cardboard on both sides, sprinkle with tinsel;
• do not forget to tie a thread on New Year's toys to make it more convenient to hang them on the Christmas tree.