Natural resources of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Minerals of the Krasnoyarsk Territory
20.01.2018
The Krasnoyarsk Territory is the second largest subject of the Russian Federation, it occupies 2366.8 thousand square meters. km (or 13.86% of the country). The Krasnoyarsk Territory is part of the Siberian Federal District. In the east, the region borders on the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and the Irkutsk region, in the south - on the Republic of Tyva and the Republic of Khakassia, in the west - on the Kemerovo and Tomsk regions, as well as on the Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrugs.
The Krasnoyarsk Territory was formed on December 7, 1934 by a decree of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VTsIK) of the RSFSR. The region includes 31 districts, the Khakass Autonomous Region, the Taimyr and Evenk national districts. The city of Krasnoyarsk became the center. The region was formed almost within the borders of the former Yenisei province, its area was over two million square kilometers.
In 1991, the Khakass Autonomous Region seceded from the territory and formed an independent subject of the Russian Federation - the Republic of Khakassia. Two autonomous districts became independent subjects of the Russian Federation: Taimyr (Dolgano-Nenets) and Evenk, although they were territorially part of the region.
In 2007, as a result of a referendum, the region included two autonomous okrugs - Evenk and Taimyr (Dolgano-Nenets), which were transformed into municipal districts with a special status. The day of the referendum - April 17 - was declared a holiday in the region - the Day of Unity.
GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION
The Krasnoyarsk Territory is located mainly within Eastern Siberia, in the Yenisei River basin. Along the left bank of the Yenisei there is a low valley, and along the right bank there is the Central Siberian plateau, the height of which reaches 500-700 m above sea level. In the north, the region is washed by the Kara Sea and the Laptev Sea.
The length of the territory from the north to the mountainous regions of Southern Siberia is almost 3000 km. The geographic center of Russia is located on the territory of the region in the vicinity of Lake Vivi in Evenkia. In addition, Cape Chelyuskin is located on the territory of the region - the northernmost point of the mainland of Russia and all of Asia. The Krasnoyarsk Territory includes the Severnaya Zemlya archipelago, the islands of Nordenskiöld, Vilkitsky, Sibiryakov, Dikson and others.
The relief of the Krasnoyarsk Territory is diverse. For a large extent of the northern part, the Yenisei River laid a valley at the junction of two tectonic structures. From the right bank to the river valley, the Central Siberian Plateau and the Yenisei Ridge, composed of ancient rocks, descend in ledges. On the left bank of the river is the West Siberian lowland, which in the north merges with the vast Yenisei-Khatanga lowland, which occupies part of the Taimyr Peninsula. The south of the region is occupied by mountains and intermontane depressions of the Altai-Sayan mountainous country. The Central Siberian Plateau is composed of sandstones, limestones, limestones, shales, coal, which in many places are covered by magmatic outpourings - traps. In the northwestern part of the plateau, the Putorana Plateau rises, the heights of which in some places exceed 1600 m, and the highest point - Mount Kamen - 1701 m.
On the left bank of the Yenisei is the eastern part of the West Siberian Lowland. It was repeatedly covered by glaciers, so the relief is mostly flat and hilly, there are many lakes, swamps and rivers.
The Central Siberian Lowland occupies most of the Taimyr Peninsula. Hills and ridges up to 12 m high extend far. In the north of the peninsula, from the Yenisei Bay to the Laptev Sea, the low mountains of Byrranga stretch, the average height of which is 400-600 m.
In the southern part of the region rise the ridges of the Eastern and Western Sayan and Kuznetsk Alatau. At the foot of the ridges lies the famous Minusinsk Basin, where the climatic conditions are favorable. The Eastern Sayan begins a little west of the city of Krasnoyarsk and runs in the southeast to the mountains of Transbaikalia. This vast mountainous region is made up of many mountain ranges, depressions and high plateaus. There are several flat-topped ridges up to 900 m high, which are called "white mountains" - Manskoye, Kanskoye, Pezinsky and others. The name "belogorye" came from the Russian pioneers, who called it so in the 17th century. mountains covered with snow in summer. There are many karst and speleological sites in the mountains of the Eastern Sayan. Today, the region has the largest number of caves in the country - about 150, among them - the longest cave in Russia, Bolshaya Oreshnaya, with a length of over 50 km.
The Western Sayan stretches on the southern border of the Krasnoyarsk Territory for more than 650 km. It consists of many ridges - Ergaki, Sayansky, Kurtushibinsky, Tazarama, Dzhebashsky, Aradansky, etc.) and ancient alignment surfaces. The Kuznetsk Alatau stretches in the southwest, separating the Minusinsk depression from the Kuznetsk depression.
CLIMATE
The territory of the region is divided into arctic, subarctic and temperate climatic zones. Due to the large extent of the region, the climate of the region is very heterogeneous. The average January temperature ranges from -36 0 C in the north to -18 0 C in the south, the average July temperature ranges from +13 0 C in the north to +20+25 0 C in the south.
The region is divided into northern, central, southern, western and eastern climatic regions. The climate of the northern part is especially severe. The long harsh winter is accompanied by strong winds and high humidity. The cool northern summer is very short. There is practically no frost-free period on the Taimyr Peninsula - almost every day the air temperature can drop to zero or below degrees. In the flat central region, the climate is characterized by relatively hot and short summers, long cold winters, and significant temperature fluctuations. The southern part of the region has warm summers and moderate winters. Dry and clean air, plenty of sunny days, healing waters create favorable climatic conditions for treatment and recreation. More precipitation falls in the western part of the region.
The northernmost, insular, part of the region is occupied by a zone of ice and arctic deserts. In terms of relief, it is a hilly-ridged plain. The tundra and forest-tundra zone has a width of 1000-1200 km and includes the Taimyr Peninsula and the Byrranga mountain region. The typical tundra has a hilly terrain with many lakes. The taiga zone occupies a significant part of the territory of the region. A typical steppe is located in the south of the region and occupies most of the Minusinsk depression, the Chulym-Yenisei basin.
Farming in the region is possible approximately up to the latitude of Yeniseisk, and to the north - only in pockets.
POPULATION
The population of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, according to Krasnoyarskstat as of January 1, 2018, is 2,876,360 people. The population density is 1.21 people/sq km. The urban population is 77%. About 80% of the region's population live south of the Angara - on one tenth of the region's territory. There are 570 municipalities in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, including 17 urban districts and 44 municipal districts, 27 urban and 482 rural settlements. In total, there are more than 1700 settlements on the territory of the region.
The main cities and urban settlements: Krasnoyarsk, Norilsk, Achinsk, Yeniseisk, Divnogorsk, Kansk, Lesosibirsk, Minusinsk, Dudinka, Sosnovoborsk, ZATO Zelenogorsk, ZATO Zheleznogorsk, Zaozerny, Bogotol, Borodino, Uyar, Ilansky, Kodinsk, Uzhur, Nazarovo, Sharypovo, Igarka, Artyomovsk, ZATO p. Solnechny, ZATO p. Kedrovy.
Representatives of 159 nationalities live on the territory of the region. The national composition of the population of the total population, according to the All-Russian census of 2010, is: Russians (88.08%), Ukrainians (1.34%), Tatars (1.23%), Germans (0.79%), Azerbaijanis (0.58%), Belarusians (0.35%), Chuvashs (0.38%), Armenians (0.38%), Kyrgyz (0.30%), Uzbeks (0.23%), Tajiks ( 0.23%), Mordovians (0.15%), Maris (0.12%), Bashkirs (0.11%), Tuvans (0.10%), Lezgins (0.10%), Moldovans (0. 10%), Khakasses (0.15%), Estonians, Seto Estonians (0.08%), Latvians (2.184 - 0.07%).
The number of indigenous peoples of the North, according to the 2010 census, is: Dolgans (0.21%), Evenks (0.16%), Nenets (0.13%), Yakuts (0.05%), Kets (0. 03%), Nganasans (0.02%), Selkups (0.01%), Enets (0.01%), Chulyms (0.01%).
MINERALS
The Krasnoyarsk Territory occupies one of the leading places in Russia in terms of reserves of mineral resources and minerals. In its bowels there are oil, gas, iron ores, coal, non-ferrous and rare metals, non-metallic minerals. In total, there are more than 1200 mineral deposits in the region, including 106 deposits of brown and hard coal, 193 deposits of peat, 66 - ferrous and non-ferrous metals, 15 - rare and trace elements, 301 - precious metals, 94 deposits of non-metallic minerals (abrasives , clays, flux limestones, magnesite, nepheline ores, natural facing stones, piezo-optical raw materials, molding raw materials, colored stones), more than 360 deposits of common minerals (building stone, sand and gravel mixtures, expanded clay mixtures, sand), 119 deposits of fresh underground waters, 12 underground water mineral deposits, 33 hydrocarbon deposits.
The main reserves of platinum and platinoids, copper-nickel ores are concentrated in the region, the main deposits of which are located in the north of the region, including on the Taimyr Peninsula. The Norilsk mining region (the Norilsk-1, Oktyabrskoye and Talnakhskoye deposits) is world famous, where copper, nickel, cobalt, and platinum are mined.
There are 33 deposits of hydrocarbon raw materials on the territory of the region. The largest oil and gas fields of the region are located in the Turukhansky and Taimyr (Dolgano-Nenetsky) regions - these are the fields of the Vankor group (Vankorsky, Suzunsky, Tagulsky, etc.) Imbinsky, Beryambinskoye, etc.).
The region holds the leading position in Russia in terms of total geological coal reserves - about 70%, which are concentrated in the Kansk-Achinsk, Tunguska, Taimyr and Minusinsk coal basins. The reserves of the Kansk-Achinsk lignite basin, unique in terms of economic and geographical position and reserves, located along the Trans-Siberian railway, are being most actively developed.
In terms of the overall potential of gold potential and gold mining, the region is traditionally one of the leaders in the Russian Federation - about 300 primary and alluvial deposits have been explored on the territory of the region. The main developed gold reserves are concentrated on the territory of the Severo-Yenisei, Motyginsky districts (Olimpiada, Blagodatnoye, Eldorado, Vasilievskoye, etc.).
The Angara-Yenisei province (the Yenisei Ridge and the adjoining Siberian platform) and the Lower Angara zone are rich in bauxite and nepheline ores for aluminum production, as well as in iron ores, which are in the state reserve.
The territory of the Lower Angara region occupies a leading position in Russia in terms of magnesite reserves, concentrated in large deposits. The Gorevsky polymetal deposit is being developed on the territory of the region - unique not only in terms of reserves, but also in terms of the content of lead and zinc (up to 6% and more lead in the ore). Silver, cadmium, and other metals are mined along the way from lead-zinc ores.
Of the non-metallic minerals in the region, deposits of flux limestone, common salt, talc, graphite, refractory and refractory clays, apatite, vermiculite and molding materials, as well as building materials are being developed.
In the north of the region, within the Popigai ring structure, unique deposits of industrial impact diamonds (Udarnoye, Skalnoye) were discovered. In terms of total diamond reserves, this group of deposits exceeds all known diamond-bearing provinces in the world.
In addition, deposits of jadeite (Borusskoye) and jade (Kantegirskoye and Kurtushibinskoye), chrysolite, quartz and quartzites have been explored in the region. Pink tourmaline (rubellite) and pink talc were found on the Yenisei Ridge. In the north of the Krasnoyarsk Territory there is amber and datolite (Norilsk industrial region). In the Minusinsk basin - rhodusite-asbestos. In the central regions of the region - amethyst (Nizhne-Kanskoye, Krasnokamenskoye), serpentine (Verkhnesobolevsky, Berezovsky) and marble onyx (Torgashinsky).
Three mineral water deposits are also exploited on the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory: Kozhanovskoye (Balakhtinsky district), Nanzhulskoye (near Krasnoyarsk) and Tagarskoye (Minusinsky district).
WATER RESOURCES
The Krasnoyarsk Territory is the richest region of Russia in terms of water resources. From north to south, the region is crossed by the Yenisei River - the most abundant river in the country. The waters of the Yenisei have a warming and freshening effect on the Kara Sea, which washes the northern territories of the region along with the Laptev Sea. The most striking feature of the northern seas is the year-round presence of ice.
Every year, the rivers of the region pour into the northern seas about 20% of the total flow of rivers in Russia. The river network of the Krasnoyarsk Territory includes more than 150 thousand rivers and streams. The largest river is the Yenisei. It is formed from the confluence of the Big Yenisei (Biy-Khem) and the Small Yenisei (Ka-Khem). In Kyzyl, at the place of their confluence, there is an obelisk "Center of Asia". The Yenisei with its numerous tributaries, as well as the rivers Pyasina, Taimyr, Khatanga, which flow into the Kara Sea and the Laptev Sea, form a natural transport system. Mana, Tuba, Kazyr and Kizir, Amyl, Kan, Biryusa, Podkamennaya Tunguska, Nizhnyaya Tunguska, Angara, Chulym, Ket, Kem and others flow through the region. HPP, Kureyskaya HPP, Enashiminskaya HPP. In this regard, the region is an energy surplus territory. With the commissioning of the Boguchanskaya HPP, the capacity of the regional energy facilities increased by 35%, at the beginning of 2016 it amounted to 18.1 GW.
The rivers connect the northern regions of the region with Krasnoyarsk, the industrial and transport center of Central Siberia, and through the Yenisei, the region has access to the Northern Sea Route. In the lower reaches of the Yenisei, there are the ports of Igarka and Dudinka, equipped to receive ships. Navigation in the north is possible only in the summer, but with the escort of icebreakers - all year round. In the ports of Krasnoyarsk and Lesosibirsk, located in the middle reaches of the Yenisei, it is possible to call vessels of the "river-sea" class.
There are many lakes in the region - there are more than three hundred thousand of them. Lake Taimyr is the largest lake in the north. Most of the lakes are located in the south-west of the region - in the Sharypovsky district, as well as in the south - in the Minusinsk basin. Tourists in the summer are popular with lakes Tagarskoe, Uchum, Bolshoye, Krugloye, Plakhino, Ingol, etc.
BIORESOURCES
The Krasnoyarsk Territory ranks second in Russia in terms of forest resources. The area of the forest fund of the region is 158.7 million hectares, or 42.6% of the area of the forest fund of the Siberian Federal District. More than 450 species of plants grow on the territory of the region, including industrially valuable species. More than 50% of the region's forests are larch, about 17% - spruce and fir, 12% - pine and more than 9% - cedar. 88% of the forests consist of coniferous species, including 30% of all the country's cedar forests.
In the Krasnoyarsk Territory there are three state nature reserves of federal significance and 36 state nature reserves of regional significance. Among the largest and most famous parks and reserves are Stolby, Ergaki, Taimyrsky, Bolshoi Arctic, Putoransky, Central Siberian, Tungussky, Sayano-Shushensky and Shushensky Bor.
The fauna of the region is diverse and unique (342 species of birds and 89 species of mammals, among the latter the most significant is the population of reindeer, numbering 600 thousand heads). Polar bears, seals, walruses, and seals live in the Arctic desert; white hare, reindeer, arctic fox, lemming, snowy owl, tundra swan, partridge, fox, red-breasted goose live in the tundra; in the Yenisei taiga - brown bear, musk deer, sable, Siberian weasel, wolverine, lynx, otter; in the southern taiga there are deer, roe deer, badger, mole, sparrowhawk, eagle owl, gray-haired and white-backed woodpecker, chaffinch. The Sayan mountain taiga is famous for its sable lands. In the Sayan highlands, there are such rare mammals as red wolf, snow leopard, mountain goat, mountain sheep, and among birds - Altai snowcock, mountain snipe, Siberian and mountain finches, red-throated thrush, etc. In the northern regions of the region there are about 60 species of fish . Whitefish, omul, vendace, smelt, and nelma are of commercial importance.
ECONOMY
The Krasnoyarsk Territory is one of the pivotal, most economically developed regions of Russia. Among the 85 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the region ranks 9th in terms of gross regional product and is among the ten regions that form more than 50% of the total GRP of Russian regions.
The basis of the region's economy is the industrial complex - its share in the structure of the gross regional product is about 60%. Industrial enterprises of the region, relying on the use of its rich mineral and raw material base and energy resources, produce products both for the domestic market and for deliveries to other regions of Russia, as well as to countries near and far abroad.
In the structure of industrial production of the region, the leading positions are occupied by: non-ferrous metallurgy (its share is more than 40%), mining (about 30%), hydropower and electric power industry on solid fuel (more than 10%). Large metallurgical enterprises are ZF PJSC MMC Norilsk Nickel and JSC RUSAL Krasnoyarsk, JSC Krastsvetmet. Primary aluminum processing products are produced by LLC Krasnoyarsk Metallurgical Plant, LLC LPZ SEGAL, LLC KiK, LLC Liteino - mechanical plant "SKAD".
The main enterprises of the oil industry in the region are the companies of the Rosneft group (JSC Vankorneft, JSC East Siberian Oil and Gas Company), OOO Slavneft-Krasnoyarskneftegaz. The leading enterprises in the coal industry are JSC SUEK-Krasnoyarsk and JSC Krasnoyarskkraiugol.
The leader in gold mining in the region is Polyus Krasnoyarsk JSC, a large contribution is also made by Sovrudnik LLC, Vasilyevsky Rudnik CJSC. LLC "Novoangarsky enrichment plant" at the Gorevsky deposit provides almost 80% of the production of lead ores in the Russian Federation.
Machine-building enterprises of the Krasnoyarsk Territory produce products for both civil and defense purposes. Among the largest enterprises in the industry are JSC Krasnoyarsk Machine-Building Plant, JSC Krasnoyarsk Refrigerator Plant Biryusa.
The region is one of the country's largest producers of timber products, a significant part of which is exported. In terms of the number of jobs created, the forest industry ranks fourth in the region after metallurgy, mechanical engineering and mining. More than 700 organizations work in this area, the largest of them are JSC "Lesosibirsky LDK-1", CJSC "Novoeniseysky LHK", LLC "Priangarsky LPK", JSC "Kraslesinvest" and others.
The region produces refined products - gasoline, diesel fuel, aviation fuel (JSC "Achinsk Oil Refinery VNK"), innovative production and nuclear energy are concentrated in the city of Zheleznogorsk (JSC "Information Satellite Systems" named after academician M.F. Reshetnev, Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Mining and Chemical Combine") and the city of Zelenogorsk (JSC "PA" Electrochemical Plant ").
The Krasnoyarsk Territory is one of the leaders among Russian regions in terms of investment activity. Among the sectors of the region's economy in which funds are invested, the first place is occupied by the extraction of fuel and energy minerals, and the second is metallurgical production. Investors also show interest in the transport and communications industries, finance development projects in the energy sector.
As part of the implementation of the largest investment projects in the region, oil production is developing - in September 2016, commercial oil production began at the Suzunskoye field of the Vankor group, in early 2017, the Kuyumba-Taishet oil pipeline with a length of 700 km was put into operation, which made it possible to start oil production at the fields of the south of Evenkia. Aluminum production in the region increased by 15% due to CJSC Boguchansky Aluminum Plant reaching the design capacity of the first start-up complex in 2016; by the end of 2018, the construction of the first stage of the plant with a capacity of 298 thousand tons was completed. The modernization of the oil refining production at JSC "Achinsk Oil Refinery VNK" continues, aimed at increasing the depth of oil refining and the output of light oil products.
The Krasnoyarsk Territory is a major transport, distribution and transit hub of the Siberian Federal District. The region is crossed by the Trans-Siberian Railway (with branches Achinsk - Lesosibirsk, Reshoty - Karabula, Achinsk - Abakan), the South Siberian Railway and the Norilsk Railway, federal highways P255 "Siberia" and P257 "Yenisei". The main highways of the region also include the "Yenisei tract" (Krasnoyarsk - Yeniseisk) and the Achinsk-Uzhur-Troitskoye highway. There are four river ports on the territory of the region - in Krasnoyarsk, Lesosibirsk, Dudinka and Igarka. The Krasnoyarsk International Airport is the largest airport in the region.
The region is a major producer of agricultural products in the Siberian Federal District: in 2018 it ranked fourth. Gross grain harvest in the region is about 2 million tons annually. The Krasnoyarsk Territory is among the leaders in the yield of grain and leguminous crops among the regions of Siberia. In recent years, farmers have been successfully cultivating new crops for the region: rapeseed and corn for grain. The stability of indicators in animal husbandry was noted. Dairy enterprises of the region are working to increase the productivity of cattle. The region is one of the three leaders in the Siberian Federal District in terms of daily milk yield per cow.
Major investment projects are being implemented. In 2018, a modern dairy complex was opened in the Kansky district. Large-scale livestock facilities are being built in the Shushensky district. In recent years, the annual growth in the production of the main types of food products has been maintained: pork, poultry meat, butter, cheese, flour, cereals, bread, sausages and confectionery. A course has been set for the development in the region of capacities for processing grain and oilseeds, including deep processing of grain. A lot of work is being done on the sale of agricultural products produced by agricultural producers. More than 50% of the regional volume of agricultural production falls on the regions of the southwestern and central parts of the region: Uzhursky, Nazarovsky, Kuraginsky, Shushensky, Krasnoturansky, Minusinsky, Bolshemurtinsky, Emelyanovsky, Sukhobuzimsky, Berezovsky, Balakhtinsky.
The Krasnoyarsk Territory hosts the Krasnoyarsk Economic Forum, which traditionally discusses all-Russian tactical minimum programs and strategic maximum programs for the development of the entire country.
EDUCATION AND SCIENCE
The priority areas for the development of education in the Krasnoyarsk Territory are the availability and quality of education, the organization of work with gifted children, the development of vocational education institutions, and the improvement of the quality of vocational training for the regional economy.
Currently, there are more than 1,000 preschool educational institutions, more than 140 institutions of additional education for children, and more than 1,000 institutions of general education in the region. An information and resource network has been created in the region to search for, support and accompany talented children, consisting of 12 centers for working with gifted children in the intellectual, sports, artistic and aesthetic fields in the cities of Achinsk, Yeniseisk, Minusinsk, Kansk, Krasnoyarsk, Dudinka, in the village Tura. Large companies, corporations and enterprises operating in the region create specialized classes on the basis of educational institutions - Nornickel classes, Rosneft classes, Rosatom classes, SUEK classes, etc. internship.
In the Krasnoyarsk Territory, a system of cadet and women's gymnasium education has been developed, which includes seven cadet boarding schools optimally located on the territory of the region, one cadet school, two Mariinsky women's gymnasiums, and the Honor and Glory of Krasnoyarsk additional education center.
A network of specialized classes of mathematical, natural-science and engineering-technological orientation is developing in the region. The first 25 specialized classes were opened in 2015 in Achinsk, Zheleznogorsk, Zelenogorsk, Kansk, Krasnoyarsk, Lesosibirsk, Minusinsk, Nazarovo, Norilsk and Sosnovoborsk. Training of students in specialized classes is carried out with the participation of teachers from leading universities located in the Krasnoyarsk Territory.
The network of vocational education of the region consists of 65 educational institutions of primary vocational education, 38 educational institutions of secondary vocational education, subordinated to the Ministry of Education and Science of the region.
The scientific and educational potential of the region is represented by the Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and state universities, including the Siberian Federal University, Siberian State Aerospace University. ak. M. F. Reshetnev, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University. prof. V. F. Voyno-Yasenetsky, Siberian State Technological University, Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University. V. P. Astafiev, Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University, Siberian Law Institute and others.
There are two higher educational institutions in the field of culture in the region - the Krasnoyarsk State Academy of Music and Theater and the Krasnoyarsk State Art Institute.
In total, more than 92,000 students in more than 330 specialties study at higher educational institutions of the region in the areas of bachelor's, specialist's, and master's programs.
CULTURE
On the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory there are more than 4.5 thousand historical and cultural monuments and archaeological heritage sites. Shalobolinskaya pisanitsa, Paleolithic sites on Afontova Gora in Krasnoyarsk, burial mounds of the Minusinsk depression, the remains of fortifications are evidence of the life of ancient people in the territory of the region.
The city of Yeniseisk is a unique monument of urban planning art of the 18th - early 20th centuries, which has preserved the planning structure and the main fund of historical buildings. By the 400th anniversary of the city, which will be celebrated in 2019, 21 cultural heritage sites will be restored here. Yeniseysk is included in the provisional list of UNESCO World Cultural and Natural Heritage. Architectural monuments are also concentrated in Krasnoyarsk, Achinsk, Kansk, Minusinsk, in Shushenskoye, in the villages of Taseevo and Ermakovskoye.
Unique museum complexes operate in the region: the historical and ethnographic museum-reserve "Shushenskoye" - a historical, architectural, ethnographic complex, which preserves part of an ancient Siberian village of the 19th and 20th centuries; The Krasnoyarsk Regional Museum of Local Lore is one of the oldest museums in Siberia and the Far East, one of the largest museums in Russia; Minusinsk Museum. Martyanova - the oldest museum in Siberia, in the likeness of which museums were created in Yeniseisk, Nerchinsk, Irkutsk, Yakutsk and other cities of the Siberian region; The Permafrost Museum in Igarka is the only museum in the world that has a unique dungeon in the depths of permafrost.
The Krasnoyarsk Territory has rich cultural traditions. The names of Vasily Surikov, Toivo Ryannel, Boris Ryauzov, Pyotr Slovtsov, Viktor Astafyev, Andrey Pozdeev, Mikhail Godenko, Dmitry Hvorostovsky, Areg Demirkhanov, Ekaterina Iofel and many other Krasnoyarsk cultural figures are significant not only for the Krasnoyarsk Territory.
There are 17 professional theaters in the region - 9 regional state, 5 municipal and 3 private theaters. All main types of theaters are open in the major cities of the region: Krasnoyarsk, Norilsk, Achinsk - and in six settlements with a population of up to 100 thousand inhabitants: the cities of Kansk, Lesosibirsk, Minusinsk, Sharypovo, ZATO Zheleznogorsk, Motygino. The only theater in Russia beyond the Arctic Circle is also located in the region - the Norilsk Polar Drama Theater. Mayakovsky.
The Krasnoyarsk Regional Puppet Theatre, the Krasnoyarsk Theater of the Young Spectator, the Krasnoyarsk Drama Theatre. A.S. Pushkin, the Krasnoyarsk Musical Theater and the Krasnoyarsk State Opera and Ballet Theater named after D.A. Hvorostovsky.
In the 2017-2018 season According to the decision of the expert council of the "Golden Mask", theaters of the region received 21 nominations for the main theater award in Russia.
Many creative teams are world famous, among them are the Krasnoyarsk Academic Symphony Orchestra conducted by Vladimir Lande, the Krasnoyarsk Philharmonic Russian Orchestra. A.Yu. Bardin, Krasnoyarsk State Academic Dance Ensemble of Siberia. M.S. Godenko and others.
The funds of the regional scientific library include more than 3 million items, including collections of handwritten and early printed books, rare publications on local history, books from the library of the famous merchant-bibliophile G.F. Yudin.
The Krasnoyarsk Territory hosts the international forum "Ballet of the 21st Century", the international festival "Parade of Stars at the Opera", the international music festival of the countries of the Asia-Pacific region, organizes exhibitions of fine arts, theater festivals. It has already become a tradition in the region to hold days of national cultures, festivals of folk art, cultural events.
Every year, large cultural projects are implemented in the municipalities of the region, such as the cultural and educational route "Yenisei Express", "Cultural Capital of Krasnoyarsk", a film forum of domestic films in the city of Nazarovo, dedicated to the legendary Soviet theater and film actress, People's Artist of the USSR Marina Ladynina. The Shushensky district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory annually hosts the world-famous international festival of ethnic music and crafts "WORLD of Siberia".
TOURISM
The region has huge recreational resources, which makes it possible to develop almost all types of tourism: reindeer and dog sled safaris, ecotourism, horseback riding, cross-country and ski trips, and spa treatment. Today on the territory of the region, well-known throughout the country sanatorium-resort complexes successfully heal their guests: "Sosnovy Bor" on Lake Tagarskoye, "Shushensky" on the banks of the mountain river Oya, "Lake Uchum", "Krasnoyarsk Zagorye" in the foothills of the Western Sayan Mountains.
Beach holidays are represented by the most popular places on the coast of the Krasnoyarsk Sea - Balakhtinsky, Krasnoturansky, Novoselovsky, Shumikhinsky Bay near the Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric power station.
Hunting and fishing, cultural, educational and pilgrimage types of tourism, business and event tourism are in great demand (All-Russian festival of folk culture "Siberian Maslenitsa", Kansk video festival, Yenisei fish soup holiday, Yenisei August fair, Minusinsk Tomato Day, All-Russian festival "Vysotsky and Siberia", International Festival of Ethnic Music and Crafts "WORLD of Siberia", exhibitions, forums, etc.).
The future of oil in the region
The share of explored oil reserves in relation to Russia in the region is slightly more than one percent. But the future of oil in the region looks rosy. On the Taimyr Peninsula, this is a field at Cape Nordvik. All the left bank of the Yenisei to ...
The problem of mining nickel, copper, cobalt
The problem of extraction and production of nickel, copper, cobalt and platinoids in the Krasnoyarsk Territory is directly related to its northern territories. The mineral and raw material potential of the north of the region - the Norilsk industrial region and adjacent areas - is defined as unique ...
Oil shale in Krasnoyarsk
Oil shale on the territory of the region were found by accident. Special search work was not carried out. All information about them was obtained during geological surveys of various scales and work to verify the applications of local residents.
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Mining
Mining in the region has been going on for hundreds of years. In the Kemerovo region, on the border with the region, iron smelters were found, which are at least 2.5 thousand years old. And at one time we were taught that it was just a bronze ...
Titanium and materials based on it
Titanium and materials based on it are strategic raw materials and are used in various areas of highly developed industry. The level of their production and consumption reflects the degree of development of scientific and technological progress of the country.
It is no coincidence that the main producers of dioxide ...
Gold in the Krasnoyarsk Territory
Gold has been the most important commodity in the world for thousands of years. It occupies a special place among minerals. Today it is a demanded exchange product for any product. The most important of its functions is the currency, which retains its value in ...
Nickel and cobalt deposits
The development of nickel and cobalt deposits is carried out in 20 countries of the world, in more than 35 major deposits.
The main producing countries are Australia, Indonesia, Canada, China, Cuba, New Caledonia, South Africa.
World reserves of nickel are about 50 million...
Chrome ores
Chromium ores are an acutely scarce strategic raw material, their reserves in Russia amount to only 2.5 percent of the reserves of the countries of the former Soviet Union, and extraction is 5.4 percent. Estimated domestic consumption of chromium ores in Russia is 1.6 - 1.7 million tons ...
In 2004, CJSC Vankorneft was formed to develop the Krasnoyarsk oil and gas condensate field. This basin is considered the largest of all open and put into operation in the Russian Federation over the past 25 years.
Krasnoyarsk Territory: Vankor field
The swimming pool is located in the Turukhansk region. It is located in the northern part of Eastern Siberia, 142 kilometers from the city of Igarka. The Vankor oil and gas field has an area of 416.5 km2. The estimated period of its operation is 35 years. As of January 1, 2014, the volume of initial recoverable reserves amounted to 500 million tons of oil, 182 billion m 3 of gas (dissolved with natural).
Power
As of December 31, 2010, the total oil reserves in categories C2 and ABC1 of domestic classification amounted to 3.5 billion barrels, gas - about 74 billion m 3 . The pipeline has a design capacity of about 30 million tons/year. In 2011, 15 million tons of oil were produced in the basin. By 2014, it was expected to reach a capacity of 70 thousand per day, 25 million tons per year. By August 2009, the projected profit was 80 billion dollars. By the completion of the construction of the ESPO pipeline, an increase in the production of raw materials was planned. In August 2009, the Vankor field produced 18 thousand tons per day. In 2012, it was planned to increase production to 18 million tons - in comparison with 2011 (15 million tons). The growth of indicators was ensured by drilling new wells using the latest technologies and development methods. In 2010, it was planned to produce 12.5 million tons. At the end of the year, the Vankor field produced 12.7 million tons. The maximum level of production was planned for 2014 - 25 million tons.
Specifications
As of August 2009, only 88 wells had been drilled at the Vankor field. 44 of them were operational. A total of 425 wells are planned in the project. Of these, 307 are assumed to be horizontal. Oil from the field enters the Vankor-Purpe pipeline, and then goes to the Transneft system. Deliveries to the Far East from the basin were planned to be carried out via the Eastern pipeline. The Vankor-Purpe system was put into test operation in the second half of 2009. The length of the section was 556 km, the diameter of the pipe was 820 mm. The system connected the Vankor field with the Transneft pipeline.
Geology
In accordance with the zoning system, the Vankor field is located within the Pur-Taz region and is part of the West Siberian geological province. In tectonic terms, the basin is confined to the uplift of the same name in the northern section of the Lodochny Shaft, which complicates the southern region in the Bolshekhetskaya structural terrace of the Nadym-Taz syneclise. Sandy fractions are found in productive horizons. They are confined to the Lower Cretaceous beds of the Yakovlevskaya and Nizhnekhetskaya formations. The top of the Dolgan Formation contains non-industrial gas accumulations.
How did the Vankor field start functioning?
Reviews of workers who worked here at the very beginning speak of the vigorous activity of the enterprise. The pool was opened in 1988. The first exploration geologists were Kichigin, Krinin, Kuzmin, Bidenko, Tretyak, Martynovsky. There has never been a stoppage of work at the deposit since its discovery. In July 2008, a "dry" well was drilled in the Zapadno-Lodochny area. Almost immediately after that, the management of the enterprise changed. The company was headed by A. Dashevsky. He was at one time the head of the oil and gas production department at Rosneft. Specialists from different regions of the country were involved in the development, operation and maintenance of the pool. Most of the staff were employees from Bashkortostan. Commercial operation began on August 21, 2009. The project was scheduled to start the field at the end of 2008, but it was postponed to the third quarter of 2009.
Village
It is on watch. The Vankor field is located in a remote area. In this regard, the delivery of people to the village is carried out by winter road or by air. In the latter case, only helicopters are used. You can fly from Tarko-Sale, Korotchaev, Igarka. From December to May there is a winter road crossing. There is a mobile connection in the village. Beeline and MTS operators work here. Billing is carried out according to the rules that apply to the Krasnoyarsk Territory. There is also a road network in the region. The main one leads from the temporary camp "Camp-1220" and the helipad to the Preliminary Drop Facility. It is covered with concrete slabs. Other roads are dirt.
Life and activities of people
Many people want to get to the Vankor field. Feedback from those who have been here is generally positive. Of the advantages, people note high wages. The disadvantages of life here include high fines for various violations. So, smoking is prohibited at the deposit, you can not use washing powder (only soap). In winter, according to the staff, it is quite hard here. First, it concerns roads. Concrete slabs turn into a skating rink, which increases the likelihood of accidents. In the spring, dirt roads become impassable. As for the flight to the village itself, the speed of delivery of people depends on weather conditions. Sometimes you have to wait for a helicopter for weeks. In general, the work does not differ in any way from the activity at any other similar field. From time to time there are vacancies.
prospects
Today, more than three thousand people work at the field, the average age of which is 35 years. The enterprise is faced with the task of increasing the share of local specialists. This can be done through professional training. Krasnoyarsk technical schools and colleges have now introduced new specialties for the oil industry. In cities, preparatory classes are being formed for schoolchildren. They begin the professional orientation of young people under the "School-Institute-Enterprise" program, which has been operating since 2005. Since 2012, more than 400 places for specialists have been created. This is due to the commissioning of new facilities at the field.
Finally
With the discovery of the deposit for the Krasnoyarsk Territory, a new historical period began. The economy of the region began to develop in a new direction. The Krasnoyarsk Territory currently has the status of an oil-producing region. The preparation and launch of the facilities was carried out with the participation of the best domestic design institutes. Equipment for the field was supplied by 150 companies, including 65 manufacturing plants. About 90% of the technical equipment of the pool was carried out by domestic enterprises. CJSC "Vankorneft" acts as a customer for more than 70 companies of the region. In turn, these enterprises involve organizations of related industries (engineering, metallurgy, construction, transport, etc.) in their activities.
The Vankor project is characterized by a multiplier effect - 3-4 in the service sectors are formed per one place in the oil industry. Since 2004, we have been cooperating with the mining region on the basis of social responsibility and partnership. In accordance with a long-term agreement between the Rosneft company and the leadership of the region, significant amounts of money are allocated annually for the implementation of various public and industrial events. The mining enterprise, among other things, within the framework of charity, supports widows and veterans of the Great Patriotic War, the indigenous peoples of the North, allocates funds for sports and cultural events.