Air heating in supply ventilation. Supply ventilation in an apartment with filtration: purpose, device, right choice

Comfortable accommodation a person in an apartment is possible if there are all communications necessary for his life - water supply, sewerage, lighting, ventilation. modern building multi-storey buildings is aimed at minimizing their heat loss, so the facades are lined with high-quality thermal insulation materials, windows and doors are made as airtight as possible. This necessitates the organization of ventilation of the premises. What ventilation system to choose and how to properly equip it - you will learn from this article.

General rules for ventilation of apartments

According to SNiP, air exchange must be organized in each residential building. Therefore, the apartments are provided with a ventilation system designed to remove air from service premises, such as a bath, toilet, kitchen.

Scheme of organizing ventilation in an apartment building

Each member of the family uses these rooms several times daily, as a result of which the air in them is polluted, moisture accumulates in it. With proper ventilation, these consequences of human activity are invisible. But if the air exchange in the apartment is disturbed, this manifests itself:

• , the formation of condensate;
• the appearance of dampness in the corners, mold;
• air stagnation, spread unpleasant odors by premises.

All this negatively affects not only the state of furniture, decoration, but also human health. Excess moisture and heat - a favorable environment for the reproduction of pathogens.

We check the performance of ventilation in the apartment

How efficiently is your home ventilated? This can be found out on your own. It is necessary to open the window in one of the rooms and attach a thin sheet of paper to the vent. If it starts to be sucked in, the ventilation works, if not, there are problems with air exchange in the housing.

Note: the thrust is checked in the same way if a lit match is presented to the hole.

Ventilation can be measured with an anemometer. This device shows the speed of air movement through the channels. The resulting value, together with the cross-sectional indicator of the ventilation hole, is entered into a special calculation table, and as a result, they find out how much air passes through the grate in 1 hour (m 3 / h).

Ventilation work in the house, check

How ventilation works in a typical apartment

In all high-rise buildings forced-air and exhaust ventilation of natural type is organized. On its basis, air exchange rates for city apartments are calculated. According to this system, air must enter the housing through door, window openings / leaks, open vents, and be removed through the ventilation ducts.

This principle of air exchange worked before the appearance on the market of PVC windows equipped with sealed double-glazed windows, and metal doors equipped rubber seals. On the one hand, they strengthen, but on the other hand, they block the flow of fresh air into the rooms. Opening windows (especially in winter) is impractical, since heat leaves the apartment, and cold air and dust enter from outside.

The problem of ventilation is particularly acute in upper floors. In order for the air to be effectively removed from the room, it must pass through a vertical channel of at least 2 m. This is possible on any floor except the last one (because there is an attic above it).

Bottom line: supply and exhaust apartments, based on natural air supply, are ineffective today. It needs to be improved by using additional devices.

Supply and exhaust ventilation of apartments

How to organize the ventilation of the apartment

Determination of air exchange rates

Choice ventilation system based on the calculation of air exchange rates for different rooms. To determine the optimal volume of inflow, it is necessary to compare the ventilation rates of the apartment with its area and the number of inhabitants. For 1 m 2 of housing, 3 m 3 of air should flow in 1 hour. One adult needs 30 m 3 of air for every 60 minutes. The air exchange rate is:

• for kitchen with gas stove- 90 m 3 / h, with electric - not less than 60 m 3 / h;
• for - 25 m 3 / hour,
• for a toilet, or a combined bathroom - 50 m 3 / hour.

Air exchange

Ways to organize ventilation in the apartment

There are two methods for installing ventilation in an apartment building:

• natural (natural) way - based on the use of traction resulting from the temperature difference inside and outside the structure;
• forcibly - when traction is organized artificially, mechanically. It can be supply, exhaust, or combined.

In order to reach the targets optimal microclimate in the apartment, it is necessary to analyze the parameters of each system.

How Masses Circulate Naturally

This is the simplest, low-cost method of organizing ventilation, which is used in most multi-storey buildings. Air enters the premises through vents, gaps in windows and doors, and is removed through ventilation ducts arranged in the walls of the building.

But since modern technologies construction exclude the formation of gaps for air supply, they must be equipped additionally. To do this, special valves are installed in the walls or windows to let air in from the outside. These devices do not spoil appearance design, and, thanks to sound-reflecting visors, do not let in noise from the street.

Install supply valves in the walls, at the level of radiators. Pre-make a hole of the required diameter (50-100 mm). A valve is inserted into it, the gaps between it and the wall are sealed. All work takes about 15 minutes.

Note: by placing the supply valves near the radiators, you will provide partial heating of the air coming from the street.

Air circulation naturally

The main advantages of this type of ventilation are low cost, ease of installation and maintenance. But the effectiveness of the functioning of the valves depends on how well the ventilation ducts in the house work. The system provides high-quality air exchange in winter, when the temperature difference between inside and outside the building is large, and the draft is stronger. In summer and when the temperature difference is less than 15˚С, its work is almost imperceptible. Significant disadvantage natural ventilation - lack of control over the volume of incoming and outgoing air, the microclimate in the apartment.

Arrangement of forced-type exhaust ventilation

When the removal of exhaust air from the premises naturally impossible, it is pumped out mechanically. For these purposes, fans are used, which are built into the ventilation shafts of bathrooms and kitchens. They create a rarefaction of air in the premises, due to which it is drawn in from the outside (through open windows, or supply valves).

The disadvantage of such a system is the uncontrolled volume of inflow coming naturally. It may not be enough for the needs of people living in the apartment. So that part of the heat is not spent on heating fresh air, the supply valves are installed near the radiators. Also, supply devices can be equipped with special electric heaters.

Ventilation forced type

Influx organized forcibly

If the amount of air coming from the street is not enough for the needs of the residents, it can be forced. For this, special supply units are used. They consist of:

• fan;
• filter;
• shut-off valve;
• air heater;
• silencer.

To install equipment in the main wall of the building, make a hole corresponding to the diameter air handling unit. After installing the system, it is connected to a power source. It begins to supply fresh air into the room, and the exhaust air is removed. natural draft through ventilation ducts. To ensure that air is supplied to all rooms, in lower part interior doors install gratings, or cut them by 1.5-2 cm.

Forced supply ventilation in the apartment useful in that clean air enters the apartment in any weather all year round. The unit operates silently, and due to the heating of the inflow, condensation and mold do not form in the room. The disadvantage of the system is an uncontrolled air outlet. If the exhaust ducts cannot cope with the load, or there is no draft, the exhaust air begins to stagnate in the apartment.

Supply ventilation in the apartment

Full forced air exchange

To ensure the comfort of people living in the apartment, to create a microclimate favorable for their health, it is necessary to constantly supply fresh air from the outside and regularly remove processed masses. Forced-air ventilation is designed to ensure this. With the help of special installations, air is not only supplied / removed, but also undergoes multi-stage purification.

by the most effective way ventilation of the apartment is supply and exhaust system forced type with heat recovery. The air coming from the street is heated by the output masses, which saves 70-80% of the heat that could be used to heat it. In summer, the fresh air is cooled down, which reduces the load on the air conditioner.

Forced supply and exhaust system

Forced supply and exhaust ventilation consists of:

• air ducts - networks of pipes and connecting elements, through which the masses enter and exit the premises;
• fans providing forced air supply and output;
• air intake grilles through which outdoor air enters the building;
• an air valve that prevents the entry of masses from the outside when the system is turned off;
• filters that ensure the quality of the supplied air;
• heater - a device that heats the flows entering the premises;
• recuperator - a special cylinder with many channels, where the supply air is heated by the heat of the exhaust;
• silencer;
• air intakes and distributors (vent grids);
• control systems - mechanical (represented by a switch), or automatic (consisting of hygro- and thermostats, pressure gauges that respond to changes weather conditions certain area).
• safety system to prevent equipment overheating.

The power of the units is selected to ensure optimal air exchange in all rooms of the apartment. The equipment is installed in suspended ceilings, or a separate utility room (pantry, insulated balcony).

Stages of arranging the ventilation of an apartment

To organize ventilation, you must:

• analyze the feasibility and possibility of its use in the apartment. This will require expert judgment. The specialist will be able to evaluate the operation of the existing ventilation system, give recommendations for improving its operation, or installing forced installations, analyze the possibility of laying additional ventilation ducts;
• make calculations to determine the optimal air exchange in different rooms;
• determine the type of ventilation system that meets the conditions of a particular apartment;
• draw up a ventilation scheme, including network wiring, indicating the length and cross-section of air ducts, locations and dimensions of installations;
• buy necessary equipment, materials;
• install and configure the system.

Tip: the type of ventilation system, its calculation, selection and installation of equipment should be carried out experienced professionals is a guarantee of arrangement effective air exchange in the apartment, health, well-being of all inhabitants.

Air exchange in the apartment

Arrangement of exhaust ventilation in the kitchen

The kitchen room is intended for cooking, so it is often observed high humidity, accumulate a variety of odors. To neutralize them, an exhaust hood is provided above the stove. But does it manage to ventilate the room?

Using a range hood

Establish the removal of used air from kitchen area, applying the hood, in two ways:

• by changing the air. Fresh flow enters the room through leaks, or supply valves, and the exhaust is removed by the hood into the ventilation duct;
• by cleaning the air in the exhaust device and returning it back to the room. For this, recirculation type hoods are used.

These methods have one drawback - the hood removes only the exhaust air above the stove and nearby it, it cannot cover the entire kitchen space. Therefore, in addition to exhaust hood, in the room for cooking, it is necessary to additionally organize the removal of exhaust air.

Other ways to organize kitchen ventilation

Ventilation ducts in apartments have a cross section of 130x130 mm, so they throughput averages 130-180 m 3 /hour (maximum 300 m 3 /hour). If the exhaust power is higher, this will disrupt the functioning of the air exchange system in all apartments connected to this shaft (stagnation of air will appear, odors will spread).

It is possible to equip the ventilation of the kitchen natural way. To do this, the room must have two exhaust ducts - to remove the exhaust air above the stove and for the rest of the room.

Tip: if the system does not work naturally, it is forced to organize it by installing a fan in the ventilation duct.

Apartment ventilation is an important factor in ensuring healthy and comfortable life all its inhabitants, maintaining the integrity, presentable appearance of furniture, premises. Well-coordinated, well-thought-out work of air exchange, air conditioning and heating systems will create a favorable microclimate in housing with minimal energy consumption.

Competently selected supply ventilation of the apartment with air heating allows you to organize air exchange that maintains the parameters internal environment within the range of human comfort. The supply system lowers the humidity in the apartment, while high level which in winter water condenses on windows and external walls, fungus appears, damage occurs decorative elements interior decoration.

Supply ventilation with heated air for the apartment is selected and installed in accordance with accepted standards for residential premises. When developing the project, the purpose of the premises, the parameters of the external and internal air are taken into account. The system must comply with sanitary and hygienic and noise standards.

Ventilation device in the apartment

The apartment belongs to residential premises, which means that the selection of engineering systems is carried out, taking into account the documents and norms for such buildings. First of all, this is SNiP 31-01-2003 “Residential multi-apartment buildings”. Air exchange is designed in the direction of providing and supplying clean air to residential area, removal of contaminated from the kitchen and bathrooms.

The amount of air is set for each room by calculation. The rules are based minimum values from SNiP.

When organizing mechanical supply ventilation, in addition to calculating the quantity, it is also necessary to observe the “quality” of air. It must be free of contaminants. At low temperatures heating is arranged. Be sure to consider that the system may be noisy.

The elements of supply ventilation are:

• supply unit (PU) with automation, or a fan;
• external grille steel or aluminum;
• cassette or pocket filter;
• silencer;
• grilles or diffusers;
• air ducts, fasteners;
• control and regulation devices.

Supply ventilation is equipped with a system automatic adjustment to set up and enter parameters. An air removal system is mandatory - natural or mechanical extractor.

An example of calculating the ventilation of an apartment

The design and calculation of supply ventilation for a dwelling is carried out in several stages:

• calculation of the amount of air;
• selection ventilation ducts;
• heating calculation;
• selection of sizes of gratings, valves and other elements;
• calculation of fans or PU;
• choice of automation.

Taken as an example apartment with total area 81 m2 consists of three residential areas. Using the calculation norms from SNiP, we will compile a table with the necessary air exchange for each room. Since 5 residents live in the apartment, there is less than 20 m2 of area per person. The living room is combined with the kitchen (we add 100 m3/h to the gas stove).

	The name of a room	Square	Air exchange, m3/h
	Kitchen-dining room (living room)
	Bedroom
	bathroom
	Bathroom
	Wardrobe
	Bedroom
	Hallway
Amount, m3/h

The supply is organized in the living room and bedrooms, and the exhaust is using wall fans and ventilation ducts from the gas stove area, bathroom and bathroom.

Supply grilles and diffusers are placed at some distance from the exhaust elements. The air is heated by electric, water heaters or heat pumps.

Calculation of the supply network with heating

Installation of ventilation with inflow and heating of air in the apartment is carried out with round or rectangular air ducts. Products made of galvanized steel and plastic designed to work with heated air are used. For any material, an aerodynamic calculation is carried out allowing you to choose the size of pipes of such a diameter at which the noise level will be in allowed values and save you from overspending. All calculations are conveniently drawn up in a table.

We divide the most loaded network branch into several sections with different expenses air (section 1 and section 2). The cross-sectional area of ​​the air ducts is selected taking into account the permissible speed of air movement in it. For apartments, it is accepted within 5 m / s and below. The lower the speed, the lower the noise level, but the consumption of materials increases. We take a value of 3 m / s and, according to the schedule for steel round air ducts, select the cross section of each section.

The pressure loss is found by the product of the specific loss by the length:

Ruch=Rch·lch.

In addition to air ducts, other elements must be considered: tees, transitions, grilles, valves, turns, etc. Each product is characterized by a local resistance coefficient (KMR, ξ). It is taken from directories and catalogs of manufacturers.

The sum of all CMRs in the section (Δξ) and the velocity V (m/s) are included in the formula for pressure losses on them:

Pm. s.= ξ V2 ρ/2, where ρ=1.2 kg/m3.

Uch. No.	Air consumption, m3/h	l, m	d, mm	Section losses (R l), Pa	MC amount	Losses on MS, Pa	The amount of losses, Pa	SpeedV, m/s
						46 , 04
Available pressure, Pa
Rep. one
Rep. 2

The losses on the branches should not differ from the available pressure on them by more than 10%. If this condition is not met, a diaphragm or valve throttle is installed in the side branches for regulation.

The choice of equipment for the installation of a supply ventilation system with air heating in an apartment

As a supply unit, a fan with a series installation of a filter, a heater, and a silencer is used. But the supply unit is more convenient in installation and selection, it has a lower noise level.

The choice of PU is carried out according to the graph of the dependence of productivity and pressure losses.

For our conditions (330 m3 / h and 94 Pa), the Salda OTA 160 unit is suitable.

Deciding on power electric heater in the setup according to the formula:

Q \u003d L 0.335 (tv-tn) \u003d 330 0.335 (18-(-22)) \u003d 4450 W

where tv and tn are the calculated temperatures of the indoor and outdoor air. The manufacturer's catalog contains a product with a 5 kW heater (Salda OTA 160-5000).

In addition to the main ones, there are also selected auxiliary elements networks: throttle valves, grids, gate valves. On the shortest branch we install a flow regulator with a diameter of 100 mm. The cross section of the gratings is selected according to the manufacturer's catalog - the speed in their cross section should not exceed 1.5 m/s.

Mounting

Supply ventilation with air heating for the apartment is mounted according to the requirements for engineering systems such purpose:

• we isolate the network section before entering the installation with a roll insulation (to prevent condensation);
• air ducts are rigidly fixed to the ceiling or wall;
• for isolation from vibration between the installation and the network, we fix vibration inserts round section;
• supply grilles are positioned so that they are not directed to places where people stay for a long time;
• We use automatic heating control.

When installing the electrical part, it is important to comply with all requirements for the organization of electrical wiring.

Proper selection and installation of equipment for ventilation with heating will allow maintaining air parameters within the limits established by the regulations. For this, it is not necessary to contact specialists. But you must understand the principles of calculation and strictly follow the regulatory documents.

When you stay in your apartment for a long time, do you experience a lack of oxygen? There is a desire to go outside or to the balcony? This happens because the room is filled carbon dioxide(CO2), also the air becomes heavy due to excess heat, moisture and dust. Yes, regular ventilation saves the situation, but not for long. In addition, it is not very comfortable to do this in winter. What about infrastructure? Is there an 8-lane road near your house? In Moscow, it is now difficult to find a house in which, opening a window, you do not let in the gases of processed petroleum products, burning peat bogs and other unpleasant odors.

There are two ways out of this situation:

1. Accept and adapt to the situation

2. Keep up with the times and install modern system apartment ventilation

What gives proper ventilation in the apartment?

1. Ventilation GUARANTEES excellent health.

Have you ever wondered why people living in the countryside have better health than residents of Moscow? Physical activity or nutrition has nothing to do with it: many modern Muscovites visit the gym and adhere to healthy eating. The environment and the ecosystem are also not very important - stress and chemicals are everywhere. The whole problem is oxygen starvation!

It would seem such a trifle, but how much it changes your life. And all because a modern resident, both in a large and small city, spends no more than an hour a day in the fresh air.

And in Moscow, open air is generally not useful everywhere. From the lack of oxygen, sleep, mood, thought processes worsen, you have a desire to go outside or, at least, to the balcony. Many are accustomed to this, but not many people know that an apartment can be made a place of absolute comfort.

2. Ventilation GUARANTEE coziness and comfort even in the center of Moscow

Why in country house can you stay for days on end?

Yes, because the air is saturated with oxygen. Do you want to make your apartment the same cozy home? To do this, you just need a supply and exhaust ventilation! This is the process of replacing the exhaust air in the room with fresh air, in order to ensure a favorable microclimate. Of course, in accordance with federal law, multi-story houses equipped with ventilation. But the usual ventilation installed in the apartment provides minimal air circulation. Yes, of course, it reduces the level of CO2 in the room, but it is not capable of providing comfort and a good microclimate. Therefore, our company offers you to change your life and install a modern ventilation system in your apartment.

The purpose of the ventilation system in the apartment is to create air exchange - namely, the removal of exhaust air from the premises and its replacement with fresh outdoor air.

To remove air in the apartments, exhaust ducts are used, located in the kitchen and in the bathrooms. The air flow enters the living quarters (bedrooms, office, living room).

Today, the use of airtight structures and euro-windows have made natural airflow almost impossible. Therefore, the organization of supply ventilation in an apartment is a separate issue that the developer decides at the construction stage or often, the tenant on his own.

Standards for ventilation and air conditioning in the apartment

In the living quarters of an apartment in maintenance mode, it is necessary minimum air exchange at the rate of 3 m3 / h per 1 m2 of area - "Residential multi-apartment buildings"

extract from utility rooms, at the same time, it must be at least the following volumes:

• Kitchen with electric stove - 60 m3/hour
• Kitchen with gas stove - 90 m3/hour
• Bathroom, shower, toilet - 25 m3/hour
• Combined bathroom - 50 m3/hour
• Pantry, dressing room - 25 m3/hour

The air temperature in the apartment is regulated by “Residential and public buildings. Indoor microclimate parameters»

According to which the optimum temperature for residential premises is:

In the warm season - 22-25 gr.С

AT cold period- 20-22 gr.С

Apartment ventilation - system options

There are three circuit diagrams organization of the ventilation system in the apartment:

1. With natural supply and exhaust

2. With mechanical supply and exhaust

3. Combined: with mechanical exhaust and natural inflow

Mechanical supply and exhaust ventilation with heat recovery

Air handling unit with heat recovery

One of the best options ventilation of the apartment is supply and exhaust ventilation with heat recovery.

Heat recovery is the use of heat from the exhaust air to heat the supply air. The heat exchanger saves up to 80% of the heat required to heat the supply air during the cold season.

The basis of the system is the air handling unit. outside air entering the unit, it passes through the filter, is heated in the heat exchanger, heated in the heater, then distributed through the galvanized steel air ducts to the living quarters.

All main components of the unit (fans, filters, heat exchanger) are located in a common sound-insulated housing.

The built-in automation system allows you to flexibly control the operation of the ventilation unit: change the speed, temperature and amount of supply and exhaust air.

Modern air handling units for apartments usually operate quietly, especially at low fan speeds.

However, it is desirable to place the unit away from living quarters. It can be a loggia (balcony), pantry, wardrobe or other utility room.

Structurally, the air handling unit for an apartment can be floor or subceiling. As the name implies, one of them is mounted on the floor, it turns out something like a cabinet or cabinet, and the second is placed under the ceiling. In addition to the installation itself, it also requires a place to place ventilation elements: valves, silencers, flexible connectors, air ducts, etc. As a result, in general, a rather big engineering structure is obtained.

Service air handling unit, basically, consists in regular replacement of air filters. Filters are changed as they get dirty, which depends on the mode of operation and the ecology of the area. On average, filters need to be changed at least once a quarter.

Air handling units with heat recovery, various design: floor vertical, floor horizontal, subceiling

Advantages:

• Heat recovery
• Convenient management

Difficulties:

• Space required for equipment

Forced supply and exhaust ventilation without recuperation

Supply unit

In systems without recovery, the supply and exhaust systems are made separate and, as a rule, placed in different places.

The supply unit can be common for the entire apartment (central), or it can be local, i.e. supply air to one room.

The supply unit consists of the following elements: a damper, an air filter, a fan, an electric heater, an automation system, and a noise-insulated housing.

The inflow is located on the loggia, on the balcony, in one of the utility rooms or on the street.

Outside air entering the unit is cleaned of dust, heated in the heater and enters the living quarters through the air duct network.

Automation of the air handling unit allows you to flexibly manage its operation - set the temperature of the supply air, change the speed and performance.

Instead of a central supply, you can use local units designed for one room, such as the “Tion 3S” or “iFresh” Lufberg breather or their analogues.

Exhaust ventilation is provided by duct fans or, in the presence of draft in the exhaust shafts, leave it natural.

Advantages:

• High air quality all year round
• Filtration and heating of outdoor air
• Convenient management

Difficulties:

• Requires space for equipment and ducts
• No heat recovery
• Professional installation required

Combined ventilation system

Ventilation in the apartment according to the scheme natural inflow / mechanical exhaust

A ventilation system of this type can be described as inexpensive and practical.

The stability of the supply and exhaust circuit is ensured by a mechanical exhaust. The air flow enters the living quarters in a natural way through the supply wall or window valves.

The world leader in the field of ventilation systems of this type is the French company Aereco.

The supply air in the valves is not heated, therefore it is important to install a full-fledged heater under the window in which the supply valve is installed, preferably an open radiator. Cold air entering the room will smoothly mix with the warm convective ceiling from the radiator and optimal temperature enter the residential area. By the way, power heating appliances, when designing the heating of an apartment, is calculated, among other things, taking into account the heating of the minimum norm of outdoor air.

Exhaust fans are usually on all the time. When no one is at home, just at lower speeds. This ensures constant, stable, organized air exchange in the apartment.

Advantages:

• Relatively inexpensive installation
• Minimum space for equipment
• Minimum maintenance

Disadvantages:

• No supply air filtration
• No inflow heating
• Minimum air exchange rates

Central air conditioning

Duct air cooler

A good solution and a good alternative to traditional air conditioners is central air conditioning in the apartment.

For ease of understanding, central air conditioning is the same supply and exhaust ventilation, only with the function of supply air cooling. That is, in summer, the air from the inlet enters the living quarters with a temperature not + 30, as on the street, but for example +18 (or another comfortable one, if desired). This allows you to get away from indoor units, drains, hatches and similar satellites of split systems.

Unlike air conditioners that “drive” the same air, we get a better microclimate, since we supply fresh air from the street into the room, pre-cleaning it from dust and cooling it to an acceptable temperature.

Service in one place

Difficulties:

• Equipment space required
• Relatively high cost
• Difficulty in temperature control by zones
• Professional installation required

Design of ventilation and air conditioning systems in the apartment

The project of ventilation and air conditioning of the apartment allows you to coordinate the laying of communications and the arrangement of equipment with the design project and the house maintenance service. And also, improve the accuracy and consistency of installation.

• The classic apartment ventilation scheme looks like in the following way: extract from utility rooms (kitchen, bathroom, pantry, wardrobe), air flow is organized into living quarters.
• The minimum air exchange should be in the apartment all the time, regardless of the presence or absence of tenants. Therefore, overhead fans that run in parallel with the light are not suitable for creating a constant air exchange.
• Use in apartments hot water from the heating system to heat the supply air is not allowed. Therefore, only electric heaters are used as a heater.
• From the kitchen, as a rule, two hoods are provided: one from the kitchen umbrella (local), the second - from the upper zone of the kitchen - general exchange.
• It is not allowed to combine the extract from the kitchen and the bathroom into one exhaust duct.
• The volumes of exhaust and supply air must be equal to each other, that is, balanced
• The air velocity in the ducts must not exceed 6 m/s. Air speed at the inlet and outlet of the ventilation grill - no more than 3 m / s
• Air handling units and fans are recommended to be selected with a performance margin and with built-in speed controllers.

Installation of ventilation and air conditioning in the apartment

Installation of ventilation and air conditioning in the apartment begins, as a rule, after the construction of partitions, approximately at the same time as the finishing work.

Significantly improves the accuracy and consistency of work, the presence of a project for the ventilation of an apartment or wiring diagram indicating the bindings of equipment and ventilation grilles to enclosing structures, lamps, etc.

• Ventilation units and fans are recommended to be placed in a separate room, away from living rooms. In an apartment, it can be a loggia, a balcony, a utility room, a wardrobe.
• Air ducts are recommended to use metal or plastic. Other things being equal, circular ducts are better than rectangular ones.
• Flexible air ducts can only be used to connect ventilation elements (grilles, fans, etc.) and only in places that will be accessible later.
• Air handling units and fans must have a noise-insulated casing.
• Silencers are installed at the inlet and outlet of the fan (ventilation unit).
• The equipment (filter, fans, heater) must be left accessible for maintenance work.

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D For normal operation of multi-storey buildings, a single air exchange of rooms for an hour is sufficient. For this in standard projects in without fail natural ventilation ducts are laid. However, the default air flow should be provided by window slits, vents, and vapor-permeable wall materials. For many property owners, forced ventilation in an apartment with filtration becomes a real necessity when installing PVC window units with double-glazed windows, using vapor-tight wall coverings or films under them.

Organization of ventilation with ventilation ducts

Requirements, principle of operation

It becomes necessary to increase the comfort of living supply ventilation in the apartment with filtration in the absence overpressure indoor air. Ventilation ducts remain unused, because they cannot create traction without fresh air from outside. The classic is the scheme of natural ventilation:

For the heat exchanger, it is enough to make a hole in the wall, align its edges, install a special sleeve, and fix the equipment.

The hole diameter is 22 cm, so you will need diamond drilling or drilling small holes along the contour with knocking out the cork with a hammer. Installation is possible in any weather / season, takes 30 - 90 minutes, depending on the wall material.

Inlet valve in a plastic window

For the convenience of owners modern PVC window blocks, the inlet valve is supplied by the manufacturer as a single set with three seals.

Device supply valve for cutting into a wall

Article

Supply ventilation with air heating includes the following elements: one or more heating fans or a radiator ( a heating element) with high heat dissipation. Air filter, serving as a barrier to large dust particles. Some models use humidifiers, ultraviolet bacterial filters. In the complex, such a ventilation system provides good air exchange, heating, cleaning and humidification of the supply air. AT winter time this is especially important. Therefore, heated ventilation best option for all types of residential buildings.

What is forced ventilation with air heating

Complete set of compact ventilation with heating for an apartment

Ventilation with a heat exchanger provides a continuous supply of heated fresh air. Thus, a good microclimate is created. Ventilation providing heating of supply air includes: central supply and exhaust equipment with a heat exchanger, which provides heating of the air coming from the street. This is due to the temperature of the discharged "exhaust air". The recuperator, passing air, does not mix it with the outgoing air masses. That is, air enters and exits through individual channels, the walls of which are located end-to-end.

Supply ventilation can be heated using recirculation (air conditioners, heaters). Warm "exhaust air" is mixed with supply air, which is heated to the desired temperature, and then fed into the room.

Design features

Main elements

• Air intake grate. It has both a decorative purpose and serves as a barrier to dust and other particles that contain wind masses.
• Valve. When the ventilation is turned off, the valve blocks the passage for fresh air, creating an insurmountable barrier. In winter, it can prevent the passage of a large flow of air. You can automate its work using an electric drive.
• Filters clean the wind masses. They need to be changed every six months.
• Water, electric heater, which performs the function of heating the air.
• For small buildings, it is advisable to use an electric heater. AT large rooms it is better to use a water heater.

Additional elements

• Diffusers - help distribute air.
• Fans.
• Silencer.
• Recuperator.

Heating of supply air masses by means of recirculation

An obligatory component of ventilation is an electric heater

Heated ventilation through recirculation, speaking in in general terms, works like this:

• air enters the house through the inflow of the ventilation system;
• after a certain period of time, it enters exhaust system, where part of the incoming air masses is removed outside the house;
• the rest of the air enters the mixing chamber.

In the mixing compartment, fresh air is mixed with "exhaust" air, thus heating cold wind masses (if the system is set in the air heating mode in the control settings, and not vice versa). Further air flow is sent to the heater or air conditioner, then through the ventilation ducts to the house.

Important! Recirculation reduces the load on the air handling system (air conditioner). In order for the air in the room to remain clean during recirculation, it is necessary to adhere to the following conditions: the supply masses must be at least 10%, and in the air entering the room harmful substances may contain up to 30% no more.

Systems with recuperator

Supply air can also be heated by a heat exchanger. These devices are divided into two types:

1. Rotary recuperators - work at the expense of electricity. A rotary element is mounted inside the cylindrical body, which continuously rotates between the supply and exhaust air valves. The size of this type of heat exchanger is quite large. The efficiency reaches 87%.
2. Plate heat exchangers consist of plates that are combined. Fresh air and "exhaust air" pass through separate channels towards each other. They do not mix, the cold supply air is heated by the warm outgoing wind flow. Such recuperators are compact.

Automated air heating in supply ventilation

Options for the device of round and rectangular ventilation shafts - the system is automated

• The operation of the equipment is controlled by the control panel (PU). The user pre-sets the supply air flow and temperature control mode.
• With the help of a timer, the heated ventilation system automatically turns on and off.
• Equipment that provides heating can be connected to an exhaust fan.
• The heaters are equipped with a thermostat, which prevents the occurrence of a fire.
• A manometer is installed in the ventilation system to control pressure drops.
• At the supply ventilation pipe a shut-off valve is installed, it is designed to block the supply of wind masses.

Attention! Automatically controlled supply ventilation in a private house with heating is expensive to maintain. Installation and maintenance are carried out only by specialized companies. Although it is very convenient to use.

Supply ventilation with water air heating

Air heating to the required temperature is provided by a water heater. It is presented in the form of a radiator with tubes in which the coolant is located. The pipeline has fins, which increase the area of ​​contact with the circulated air.

The principle of operation of the system is as follows: the coolant heats the tubes to the desired temperature, they give off heat to the fins, which in turn heats the air. Thus, heat exchange takes place.

Fresh air ventilation with water heating of air is much more profitable than heating using electricity. On the other hand, there is water inside the water heater, so there is a risk of freezing with minimal radiator operation.

The power of such a device is regulated by electrical and plumbing components.

1. Zone with controller and temperature sensors. Servo control valve.
2. The mixer is responsible for heating the water in the heating equipment to the required temperature.

The electrical component will drive plumbing unit. It is enough to set the required air heating temperature, and the system will execute this program.

Other decision

Use of solar energy

In conclusion, we can offer another option for heating the supply air, which is used less often in practice - this is solar collector. It works with the sun.

Solar collector, where the air is heated, as a rule, big size. He's gotta keep warm. required amount air, even at its minimum work. Collectors of this type are more profitable than water ones, they do not freeze.

Air heating in supply ventilation

What is forced ventilation with air heating. What is special is the supply ventilation with water heating of the air. Supply ventilation heating.