is the minimum value of the surface heat flux density at which stable flame combustion occurs. Building materials

The standard establishes a test method for the spread of flame on the materials of the surface layers of floor and roof structures, as well as their classification into groups of flame spread. This standard applies to all homogeneous and layered combustible building materials used in the surface layers of floor and roof structures.

GOST R51032-97

STATE STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

BUILDING MATERIALS

TEST METHOD
FLAME DISTRIBUTION

MINSTROY OF RUSSIA

Moscow

Foreword

1 DEVELOPED by the State Central Research and Design and Experimental Institute of Complex Problems of Building Structures and Structures. V. A. Kucherenko (TsNIISK named after Kucherenko) of the State Scientific Center "Construction" (SSC "Construction"), All-Russian Research Institute of Fire Protection (VNIIPO) of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia with the participation of the Moscow Institute of Fire Safety of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia

INTRODUCED by the Office of Standardization, Technical Regulation and Certification of the Ministry of Construction of Russia

2 ADOPTED and put into effect by the Decree of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated December 27, 1996 No. 18-93

Introduction

This International Standard has been developed from ISO/IMS 9239.2 Basic Tests - Reaction to Fire - Flame Propagation on a Horizontal Surface of Floor Coverings by a Radiant Thermal Ignition Source.

Dimensions are given for reference in mm

1 - test chamber; 2 - platform; 3 - sample holder; 4 - sample; 5 - chimney;
6 - exhaust umbrella; 7 - thermocouple; 8 - radiation panel; 9 - gas-burner;
10 - viewing window door

Picture 1 - Flame Propagation Tester

The installation consists of the following main parts:

1) test chamber with chimney and exhaust hood;

2) source of radiant heat flow (radiation panel);

3) ignition source (gas burner);

4) sample holder and a device for inserting the holder into the test chamber (platform).

The installation is equipped with devices for recording and measuring the temperature in the test chamber and flue, the value of the surface heat flux density, and the air flow velocity in the chimney.

7.2 The test chamber and flue () are made of sheet steel with a thickness of 1.5 to 2 mm and lined from the inside with a non-combustible heat-insulating material with a thickness of at least 10 mm.

The front wall of the chamber is equipped with a door with a viewing window made of heat-resistant glass. The size of the viewing window should allow observation of the entire surface of the sample.

7.3 The chimney is connected by a scammer through an opening. An exhaust ventilation hood is installed above the chimney.

The capacity of the exhaust fan must be at least 0.5 m3/s.

7.4 Radiation panel has the following dimensions:

The electrical power of the radiation panel must be at least 8 kW.

The angle of inclination of the radiation panel () to the horizontal plane should be (30 ± 5) °.

7.5 The ignition source is a gas burner with an outlet diameter of (1.0 ± 0.1) mm, which ensures the formation of a flame torch with a length of 40 to 50 mm. The design of the burner must ensure the possibility of its rotation relative to the horizontal axis. When testing, the flame of a gas burner should touch the "zero" ("0") point of the longitudinal axis of the sample ().

Dimensions are given for reference in mm

1 - holder; 2 - sample; 3 - radiation panel; 4 - gas-burner

Figure 2 - Scheme of the relative position of the radiation panel,
sample and gas burner

7.6 The platform for placing the sample holder is made of heat-resistant or stainless steel. The platform is installed on rails in the lower part of the chamber along its longitudinal axis. A gap with a total area of ​​(0.24 ± 0.04) m 2 should be provided around the entire perimeter of the chamber between its walls and the edges of the platform.

The distance from the exposed surface of the specimen to the ceiling of the chamber shall be (710 ± 10) mm.

7.7 The sample holder is made of heat-resistant steel with a thickness of (2.0 ± 0.5) mm and equipped with fixtures for holding the sample ().

1 - holder; 2 - fasteners

Figure 3 - Sample holder

7.8 To measure the temperature in the chamber (), use a thermoelectric converter according to GOST 3044 with a measurement range from 0 to 600 ° C and a thickness of not more than 1 mm. To register the readings of a thermoelectric converter, devices with an accuracy class of not more than 0.5 are used.

7.9 To measure PPTP, water-cooled thermal radiation receivers with a measurement range of 1 to 15 kW/m 2 are used. The measurement error should be no more than 8%.

To register the readings of the thermal radiation receiver, a recording device with an accuracy class of not more than 0.5 is used.

7.10 To measure and record the air flow velocity in the chimney, anemometers with a measurement range of 1 to 3 m/s and a basic relative error of no more than 10% are used.

8 Installation calibration

8.1 General

9.6 Measure the length of the damaged part of the sample along its longitudinal axis for each of the five samples. Measurements are carried out with an accuracy of 1 mm.

Damage is considered to be burnout and charring of the sample material as a result of the spread of fiery combustion over its surface. Melting, warping, sintering, swelling, shrinkage, change in color, shape, violation of the integrity of the sample (tears, surface chips, etc.) are not damage.

10 Processing of test results

10.1 The length of flame propagation is determined as the arithmetic mean of the length of the damaged part of the five samples.

10.2 The value of PPTP is established on the basis of the results of measuring the flame propagation length (10.1) according to the plot of PPTP distribution over the surface of the sample, obtained by calibrating the installation.

10.3 If the specimens do not ignite or if the flame propagation length is less than 100 mm, the material should be considered to have a CDP of more than 11 kW/m 2 .

10.4 In the case of forced extinguishing of the sample after 30 minutes of the test, the value of the flame resistance is determined by the results of measuring the flame propagation length at the moment of extinguishing and conditionally take this value equal to the critical one.

10.5 For materials with sanitary-isotropic properties, the smallest of the obtained values ​​of the CPP is used in the classification.

11 Test report

The test report contains the following data:

Name of the testing laboratory;

Name of the customer;

Name of the manufacturer (supplier) of the material;

Description of the material or product, technical documentation, as well as the trade mark, composition, thickness, density, mass and method of manufacturing samples, characteristics of the exposed surface, for layered materials - the thickness of each layer and the characteristics of the material of each layer;

Flame propagation parameters (flame propagation length, KPPTP), as well as the ignition time of the sample;

Conclusion on the distribution group of the material, indicating the value of the KPPTP;

Additional observations when testing a sample: burnout, charring, melting, swelling, shrinkage, delamination, cracking, as well as other special observations during flame propagation.

12 Safety requirements

The room in which the tests are carried out must be equipped with supply and exhaust ventilation. The operator's workplace must meet the electrical safety requirements in accordance with GOST 12.1.019 and the sanitary and hygienic requirements in accordance with GOST 12.1.005.

Keywords: building materials , flame spread , surface heat flux density , critical heat flux density , flame propagation length , samples for testing , test chamber , radiation panel

BUILDING MATERIALS

GOST R

Introduction date 1997-01-01

Introduction

This International Standard has been developed on the basis of draft ISO/IMS 9239.2 “Basic tests - Reaction to fire - Spread of flame over a horizontal surface of floor coverings by a radiant thermal ignition source”.

Sections 6 to 8 of this International Standard are authentic to the corresponding sections of draft ISO/IMS 9239.2.

1 area of ​​use

This International Standard establishes a test method for the spread of flames on the materials of the surface layers of floor and roof structures, as well as their classification into flame spread groups.

This International Standard applies to all homogeneous and layered combustible building materials used in the surface layers of floor and roof structures.

GOST 12.1.005-88 SSBT. General sanitary and hygienic requirements for the air of the working area

GOST 12.1.019-79 SSBT. Electrical safety. General requirements and nomenclature of types of protection

GOST 3044-84 Thermoelectric converters. Rated static conversion characteristics

GOST 18124-95 Flat asbestos-cement sheets. Specifications

GOST 30244-94 Construction materials. Flammability test methods

The capacity of the exhaust fan must be at least 0.5 m3/s.

7.4 The radiation panel has the following dimensions:

length................................................. .................±10) mm;

width................................................. ..............±10) mm.

The electrical power of the radiation panel must be at least 8 kW.

The angle of inclination of the radiation panel (Figure 2) to the horizontal plane should be (30±5) °.

7.5 The source of ignition is a gas burner with an outlet diameter of (1.0 ± 0.1) mm, which ensures the formation of a flame torch with a length of 40 to 50 mm. The design of the burner must ensure the possibility of its rotation about the horizontal axis. During testing, the flame of the gas burner should touch the “zero” (“0”) point of the longitudinal axis of the sample (Figure 2).

Dimensions are given for reference in mm

1 - holder; 2 - sample; 3 - radiation panel; 4 - gas-burner

Figure 2 - Scheme of mutual arrangement of the radiation panel, sample and gas burner

7.6 The platform for placing the sample holder is made of heat-resistant or stainless steel. The platform is mounted on rails in the lower part of the chamber along its longitudinal axis. Along the entire perimeter of the chamber between its walls and the edges of the platform, a gap with a total area of ​​(0.24 ± 0.04) m2 should be provided.

The distance from the exposed sample surface to the ceiling of the chamber should be (710 ± 10) mm.

7.7 The sample holder is made of heat-resistant steel with a thickness of (2.0 ± 0.5) mm and is equipped with devices for fixing the sample (Figure 3).

1 - holder; 2 - fasteners

Figure 3- Sample holder

7.8 To measure the temperature in the chamber (Figure 1), a thermoelectric transducer is used according to GOST 3044 with a measurement range from 0 to 600 °C and a thickness of not more than 1 mm. To register the readings of a thermoelectric converter, devices with an accuracy class of not more than 0.5 are used.

7.9 To measure PPTP, water-cooled thermal radiation receivers with a measurement range of 1 to 15 kW/m2 are used. The measurement error should be no more than 8%.

To register the readings of the thermal radiation receiver, a recording device with an accuracy class of not more than 0.5 is used.

7.10 To measure and record the air flow velocity in the chimney, anemometers are used with a measurement range of 1 to 3 m/s and a basic relative error of not more than 10%.

8 Installation calibration

8.1 General

8.1.1 The purpose of calibration is to establish the values ​​of the FTDR required by this standard at the control points of the calibration sample (Figure 4 and Table 2) and the distribution of the FTDR over the surface of the sample at an air flow velocity in the chimney of (1.22 ± 0.12) m / s.

table 2

8.1.2 Calibration is carried out on a sample made of asbestos-cement sheets according to GOST 18124, with a thickness of 10 to 12 mm (Figure 4).

1 - calibration sample; 2 - holes for heat flow meter

Figure 4 - Calibration sample

8.1.3 Calibration is carried out during metrological certification of the installation or replacement of the heating element of the radiation panel.

8.2 Calibration procedure

8.2.1 Set the air flow rate in the chimney from 1.1 to 1.34 m/s. To do this, do the following:

An anemometer is placed in the chimney so that its inlet is located along the axis of the chimney at a distance of (70 ± 10) mm from the upper edge of the chimney. The anemometer should be rigidly fixed in the installed position;

Fix the calibration sample in the sample holder and install it on the platform, insert the platform into the chamber and close the door;

The air flow rate is measured and, if necessary, by adjusting the air flow in the ventilation system, the required air flow rate in the chimney is set in accordance with 8.1.1, after which the anemometer is removed from the chimney.

At the same time, the radiation panel and the gas burner are not included.

8.2.2 After carrying out the work according to 8.2.1, the values ​​​​of the PPTP are set in accordance with table 2. For this purpose, the following is performed:

The radiation panel is turned on and the chamber is heated until the thermal balance is reached. The heat balance is considered achieved if the temperature in the chamber (Figure 1) changes by no more than 7 ° C within 10 minutes;

Installed in the hole of the calibration sample at the control point L2(Figure 4) thermal radiation receiver so that the surface of the sensitive element coincides with the upper plane of the calibration sample. The readings of the thermal radiation receiver are recorded after (30 ± 10) s;

If the measured value of PPTP does not meet the requirements specified in Table 2, adjust the power of the radiation panel to achieve a heat balance and repeat the measurements of PPTP;

The above operations are repeated until the value of the FTAP required by this standard for the control point is reached. L2.

8.2.3 The operations in 8.2.2 are repeated for control points. L1, And l3(Figure 4). If the measurement results comply with the requirements of Table 2, PPTP measurements are carried out at points located at a distance of 100, 300, 500, 700, 800 and 900 mm from the “0” point.

Based on the results of the calibration, a graph of the distribution of the values ​​of PPTP along the length of the sample is plotted.

9 Testing

9.1 Preparation of the installation for testing is carried out in accordance with 8.2.1 and 8.2.2. After that, the chamber door is opened, the gas burner is ignited and positioned so that the distance between the flame and the exposed surface is at least 50 mm.

9.2 Install the sample in the holder, fix its position with the help of fasteners, place the holder with the sample on the platform and enter into the chamber.

9.3 Close the chamber door and start the stopwatch. After holding for 2 minutes, the burner flame is brought into contact with the sample at the “0” point located along the central axis of the sample. Leave the flame in this position for (10 ± 0.2) min. After this time, return the burner to its original position.

9.4 If the sample does not ignite within 10 min, the test is considered to be completed.

In case of ignition of the sample, the test is terminated when the flame combustion ceases or after 30 minutes from the start of exposure to the gas burner on the sample by forced extinguishing.

During the test, the ignition time and the duration of flame burning are recorded.

9.5 After the end of the test, the chamber door is opened, the platform is pulled out, and the sample is removed.

The test of each subsequent sample is carried out after the sample holder has cooled to room temperature and compliance with the FTAP at the point L2 the requirements specified in table 2.

9.6 Measure the length of the damaged part of the sample along its longitudinal axis for each of the five samples. Measurements are carried out with an accuracy of 1 mm.

Damage is considered to be burnout and charring of the sample material as a result of the spread of fiery combustion over its surface. Melting, warping, sintering, swelling, shrinkage, change in color, shape, violation of the integrity of the sample (tears, surface chips, etc.) are not damage.

10 Processing of test results

10.1 The length of flame propagation is determined as the arithmetic mean of the length of the damaged part of the five samples.

10.2 The value of PPDC is set on the basis of the results of measuring the length of flame propagation (10.1) according to the plot of the distribution of PPDC over the surface of the sample, obtained during the calibration of the installation.

10.3 In the absence of ignition of the specimens or the flame propagation length is less than 100 mm, it should be considered that the material's CTF is more than 11 kW/m2.

10.4 In the case of forced extinguishing of the sample after 30 minutes of testing, the value of PPTP is determined by the results of measuring the flame propagation length at the moment of extinguishing and conditionally take this value equal to the critical one.

10.5 For materials with anisotropic properties, the smallest of the obtained values ​​of the CTP is used in the classification.

11 Test report

The test report provides the following data:

Name of the testing laboratory;

Name of the customer;

Name of the manufacturer (supplier) of the material;

Description of the material or product, technical documentation, as well as the trademark, composition, thickness, density, mass and method of manufacturing samples, characteristics of the exposed surface, for layered materials - the thickness of each layer and the characteristics of the material of each layer;

Flame propagation parameters (flame propagation length, KPPTP), as well as the ignition time of the sample;

Conclusion on the distribution group of the material, indicating the value of the KPPTP;

Additional observations during testing of the sample: burnout, charring, melting, swelling, shrinkage, delamination, cracking, as well as other special observations during flame propagation.

12 Safety requirements

The room in which the tests are carried out must be equipped with supply and exhaust ventilation. The operator's workplace must meet the electrical safety requirements in accordance with GOST 12.1.019 and the sanitary and hygienic requirements in accordance with GOST 12.1.005.

Keywords: building materials, flame propagation, surface heat flux density, critical heat flux density, flame propagation length, test specimens, test chamber, radiation panel

INTRODUCED Office of Standardization, Technical Regulation and Certification of the Ministry of Construction of Russia

GOST R 51032-97*
________________
* See label "Notes"

Group G39

STATE STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

BUILDING MATERIALS

Flame propagation test method

building materials
Spread flame test method

OKS 91.100
OKSTU 5719

Introduction date 1997-01-01

1. DEVELOPED by the State Central Research and Design and Experimental Institute for Complex Problems of Building Structures and Structures named after V.A. Defense (VNIIPO) of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia with the participation of the Moscow Institute of Fire Safety of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia

INTRODUCED by the Department of Standardization, Technical Regulation and Certification of the Ministry of Construction of Russia

2. ADOPTED and put into effect by the Decree of the Ministry of Construction of Russia of December 27, 1996 N 18-93

Introduction

Introduction

This International Standard has been developed from ISO/IMS 9239.2 Basic Tests - Reaction to Fire - Flame Propagation on a Horizontal Surface of Floors by a Radiant Thermal Ignition Source.

Sections 6 to 8 of this International Standard are authentic to the corresponding sections of draft ISO/IMS 9239.2.

1 area of ​​use

This International Standard establishes a test method for the spread of flames on the materials of the surface layers of floor and roof structures, as well as their classification into flame spread groups.

This standard applies to all homogeneous and layered combustible building materials used in the surface layers of floor and roof structures.

2 Normative references

GOST 12.1.005-88 SSBT. General sanitary and hygienic requirements for the air of the working area

GOST 12.1.019-79 SSBT. Electrical safety. General requirements and nomenclature of types of protection

GOST 3044-84 Thermoelectric converters. Rated static conversion characteristics

GOST 18124-95 Flat asbestos-cement sheets. Specifications

GOST 30244-94 Construction materials. Flammability test methods

ST SEV 383-87 Fire safety in construction. Terms and Definitions

3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations

This standard uses the terms and definitions according to ST SEV 383, as well as the following terms with the corresponding definitions.

Ignition time - the time from the beginning of the impact of the flame of the ignition source on the sample until it ignites.

Flame propagation - the spread of fiery combustion over the surface of the sample as a result of the impact provided for in this standard.

Flame propagation length (L) - the maximum amount of damage to the surface of the sample as a result of the propagation of flame combustion.

Exposed Surface - The surface of a specimen exposed to radiant heat flux and flame from an ignition source in a flame propagation test.

Surface heat flux density (SPTP) - radiant heat flux acting on a unit surface of the sample.

Critical surface heat flux density (KPPTP) - the value of the heat flux at which the flame propagation stops.

4 Fundamentals

The essence of the method is to determine the critical surface density of the heat flux, the value of which is set along the length of the flame propagation along the sample as a result of the effect of the heat flux on its surface.

5 Classification of building materials by flame propagation groups

5.1 Combustible building materials (according to GOST 30244), depending on the size of the KPPTP, are divided into four groups of flame propagation: RP1, RP2, RP3, RP4 (table 1).

Table 1

6 Test specimens

6.1 For testing, 5 samples of material with a size of 1100 x 250 mm are made. For anisotropic materials, 2 sets of samples are made (for example, weft and warp).

6.2 Samples for routine testing are made in combination with a non-combustible substrate. The method of attaching the material to the base must correspond to that used in real conditions.

As a non-combustible base, asbestos-cement sheets should be used according to GOST 18124 with a thickness of 10 or 12 mm.

The thickness of the sample with a non-combustible base should be no more than 60 mm.

In cases where the technical documentation does not provide for the use of material on a non-combustible base, samples are made with a base and fastening corresponding to the actual conditions of use.

6.3 Roofing mastics, as well as mastic floor coverings, should be applied to the base in accordance with the technical documentation, but not less than four layers, while the consumption of material when applied to the base of each layer should correspond to that adopted in the technical documentation.

Samples of floors used with paint coatings should be made with these coatings applied in four layers.

6.4 Samples are conditioned at a temperature of (20 ± 5) ° C and relative humidity (65 ± 5)% for at least 72 hours.

7 Test equipment

7.1 A diagram of the flame propagation test setup is shown in Figure 1.

The installation consists of the following main parts:

1) test chamber with chimney and exhaust hood;

2) source of radiant heat flux (radiation panel);

3) ignition source (gas burner);

4) sample holder and device for inserting the holder into the test chamber (platform).

The installation is equipped with devices for recording and measuring the temperature in the test chamber and the chimney, the value of the surface heat flux density, the air flow velocity in the chimney.

7.2 The test chamber and chimney (Figure 1) are made of sheet steel with a thickness of 1.5 to 2 mm and are lined from the inside with non-combustible heat-insulating material with a thickness of at least 10 mm.

The front wall of the chamber is equipped with a door with a viewing window made of heat-resistant glass. The size of the viewing window should allow observation of the entire surface of the sample.

7.3 The chimney is connected to the chamber through an opening. An exhaust ventilation hood is installed above the chimney.

The capacity of the exhaust fan must be at least 0.5 m3/s.

7.4 Radiation panel has the following dimensions:

length ........................................(450±10) mm;

Width.................................(300±10) mm.

The electrical power of the radiation panel must be at least 8 kW.

The angle of inclination of the radiation panel (Figure 2) to the horizontal plane should be (30±5)°.

7.5 The source of ignition is a gas burner with an outlet diameter of (1.0 ± 0.1) mm, which ensures the formation of a flame torch with a length of 40 to 50 mm. The design of the burner must ensure the possibility of its rotation about the horizontal axis. When testing, the flame of a gas burner should touch the "zero" ("0") point of the longitudinal axis of the sample (Figure 2).

Dimensions are given for reference in mm

1 - test chamber; 2 - platform; 3 - sample holder; 4 - sample;
5 - chimney; 6 - exhaust hood; 7 - thermocouple; 8 - radiation panel;
9 - gas burner; 10 - door with viewing window

Figure 1 - Flame propagation test setup

1 - holder; 2 - sample; 3 - radiation panel; 4 - gas burner

Figure 2 - Scheme of the relative position of the radiation panel, sample and gas burner

7.6 The platform for placing the sample holder is made of heat-resistant or stainless steel. The platform is mounted on rails in the lower part of the chamber along its longitudinal axis. Along the entire perimeter of the chamber between its walls and the edges of the platform, a gap with a total area of ​​(0.24 ± 0.04) sq.m.

The distance from the exposed sample surface to the ceiling of the chamber should be (710 ± 10) mm.

7.7 The sample holder is made of heat-resistant steel with a thickness of (2.0 ± 0.5) mm and equipped with devices for fixing the sample (Figure 3).

Figure 3 - Sample holder

1- holder; 2 - fasteners

Figure 3 - Sample holder

7.8 To measure the temperature in the chamber (Figure 1), use a thermoelectric transducer according to GOST 3044 with a measurement range from 0 to 600 °C and a thickness of not more than 1 mm. To register the readings of a thermoelectric converter, devices with an accuracy class of not more than 0.5 are used.

7.9 To measure PPTP, water-cooled thermal radiation receivers with a measurement range of 1 to 15 kW/sq.m are used. The measurement error should be no more than 8%.

To register the readings of the thermal radiation receiver, a recording device with an accuracy class of not more than 0.5 is used.

7.10 Anemometers with a measurement range of 1 to 3 m/s and a basic relative error of no more than 10% are used to measure and record the air flow velocity in the chimney.

8 Installation calibration

8.1 General

8.1.1 The purpose of calibration is to establish the values ​​of the FTDR required by this standard at the control points of the calibration sample (Figure 4 and Table 2) and the distribution of the FTDR over the surface of the sample at an air flow velocity in the chimney of (1.22 ± 0.12) m / s.

table 2

8.1.2 Calibration is carried out on a sample made of asbestos-cement sheets according to GOST 18124, with a thickness of 10 to 12 mm (Figure 4).

8.1.3 Calibration is carried out during metrological certification of the installation or replacement of the heating element of the radiation panel.

1 - calibration sample; 2 holes for heat flow meter

Figure 4 - Calibration Sample

8.2 Calibration procedure

8.2.1 Set the air flow rate in the chimney from 1.1 to 1.34 m/s. To do this, do the following:

An anemometer is placed in the chimney so that its inlet is located along the axis of the chimney at a distance of (70 ± 10) mm from the upper edge of the chimney. The anemometer should be rigidly fixed in the installed position;

Fix the calibration sample in the sample holder and install it on the platform, insert the platform into the chamber and close the door;

The air flow rate is measured and, if necessary, by adjusting the air flow in the ventilation system, the required air flow rate in the chimney is set in accordance with 8.1.1, after which the anemometer is removed from the chimney.

At the same time, the radiation panel and the gas burner are not included.

8.2.2 After carrying out the work according to 8.2.1, the values ​​​​of the PPTP are set in accordance with Table 2. For this purpose, the following is done:

The radiation panel is turned on and the chamber is heated until the thermal balance is reached. The heat balance is considered achieved if the temperature in the chamber (Figure 1) changes by no more than 7°C within 10 minutes;

A thermal radiation receiver is installed in the hole of the calibration sample at the control point L2 (Figure 4) so ​​that the surface of the sensitive element coincides with the upper plane of the calibration sample. The readings of the thermal radiation receiver are recorded after (30 ± 10) s;

If the measured value of PPTP does not meet the requirements specified in Table 2, adjust the power of the radiation panel to achieve a heat balance and repeat the measurements of PPTP;

The above operations are repeated until the FTAP required by this International Standard for the L2 setpoint is reached.

8.2.3 Operations according to 8.2.2 are repeated for control points L1 and L3 (Figure 4). If the measurement results comply with the requirements of table 2, PPTP measurements are carried out at points located at a distance of 100, 300, 500, 700, 800 and 900 mm from the "0" point.

Based on the results of the calibration, a graph of the distribution of the values ​​of PPTP along the length of the sample is plotted.

9 Testing

9.1 Preparation of the installation for testing is carried out in accordance with 8.2.1 and 8.2.2. After that, the chamber door is opened, the gas burner is ignited and positioned so that the distance between the flame and the exposed surface is at least 50 mm.

9.2 Install the sample in the holder, fix its position with the fixing devices, place the holder with the sample on the platform and enter into the chamber.

9.3 Close the chamber door and start the stopwatch. After holding for 2 minutes, the burner flame is brought into contact with the sample at point "0" located along the central axis of the sample. Leave the flame in this position for (10 ± 0.2) min. After this time, return the burner to its original position.

9.4 If the sample does not ignite within 10 min, the test is considered complete.

In case of ignition of the sample, the test is terminated when the flame combustion ceases or after 30 minutes from the start of exposure to the gas burner on the sample by forced extinguishing.

During the test, the ignition time and the duration of flame burning are recorded.

9.5 After the end of the test, open the chamber door, pull out the platform, remove the sample.

The test of each subsequent sample is carried out after the sample holder has cooled to room temperature and the compliance of the FTAP at point L2 with the requirements specified in Table 2 has been verified.

9.6 Measure the length of the damaged part of the sample along its longitudinal axis for each of the five samples. Measurements are carried out with an accuracy of 1 mm.

Damage is considered to be burnout and charring of the sample material as a result of the spread of fiery combustion over its surface. Melting, warping, sintering, swelling, shrinkage, change in color, shape, violation of the integrity of the sample (rupture, surface chips, etc.) are not damage.

10 Processing of test results

10.1 The length of flame propagation is determined as the arithmetic mean of the length of the damaged part of the five specimens.

10.2 The value of the PPDC is set on the basis of the results of measuring the length of the flame propagation (10.1) according to the plot of the distribution of the PPDC over the surface of the sample, obtained during the calibration of the installation.

10.3 In the absence of ignition of the samples or the flame propagation length is less than 100 mm, it should be considered that the CPV of the material is more than 11 kW/sq.m.

10.4 In the case of forced extinguishing of the sample after 30 minutes of testing, the value of PPTP is determined by the results of measuring the flame propagation length at the moment of extinguishing and conditionally take this value equal to the critical one.

10.5 For materials with anisotropic properties, the lowest of the obtained values ​​of the CDP is used in the classification.

11 Test report

The test report provides the following data:

Name of the testing laboratory;

Name of the customer;

Name of the manufacturer (supplier) of the material;

Description of the material or product, technical documentation, as well as the trademark, composition, thickness, density, mass and method of manufacturing samples, characteristics of the exposed surface, for layered materials - the thickness of each layer and the characteristics of the material of each layer;

Flame propagation parameters (flame propagation length, KPPTP), as well as the ignition time of the sample;

Conclusion on the distribution group of the material, indicating the value of the KPPTP;

Additional observations during testing of the sample: burnout, charring, melting, swelling, shrinkage, delamination, cracking, as well as other special observations during flame propagation.

12 Safety requirements

The room in which the tests are carried out must be equipped with supply and exhaust ventilation. The operator's workplace must meet the electrical safety requirements in accordance with GOST 12.1.019 and the sanitary and hygienic requirements in accordance with GOST 12.1.005.

The text of the document is verified by:
official publication
Ministry of Construction of Russia -
M.: GUP TsPP, 1997

Moderately flammable (B2), having a critical surface heat flux density of at least 20, but not more than 35 kilowatts per square meter;

Flammable (B1), having a critical surface heat flux density of more than 35 kilowatts per square meter;

Highly combustible (G4), having a flue gas temperature of more than 450 degrees Celsius, the degree of damage along the length of the test sample is more than 85 percent, the degree of damage by weight of the test sample is more than 50 percent, the duration of independent combustion is more than 300 seconds.

Normally combustible (G3), having a flue gas temperature of not more than 450 degrees Celsius, the degree of damage along the length of the test sample is more than 85 percent, the degree of damage by weight of the test sample is not more than 50 percent, the duration of independent combustion is not more than 300 seconds;

Moderately combustible (G2), having a flue gas temperature of not more than 235 degrees Celsius, the degree of damage along the length of the test sample is not more than 85 percent, the degree of damage by weight of the test sample is not more than 50 percent, the duration of independent combustion is not more than 30 seconds;

Slightly combustible (G1), having a flue gas temperature of not more than 135 degrees Celsius, the degree of damage along the length of the test sample is not more than 65 percent, the degree of damage by weight of the test sample is not more than 20 percent, the duration of self-burning is 0 seconds;

Combustible - substances and materials capable of spontaneous combustion, as well as ignite under the influence of an ignition source and burn independently after its removal.

Slow-burning - substances and materials capable of burning in air when exposed to an ignition source, but unable to burn independently after its removal;

" criticalsuperficialdensitythermalflow (KPPTP)

The minimum value of the surface heat flux density at which stable flame combustion occurs.

Combustible building materials according to the spread of flame over the surface are divided into 4 groups:

RP1 (non-propagating);

RP2 (weakly propagating);

RPZ (moderately spreading);

RP4 (strongly spreading).

Groups of building materials for flame propagation are set for the surface layers of roofs and floors, including carpets, according to Table. 1 GOST 30444 (GOST R 51032-97) .

Table 1

For other building materials, the flame propagation group over the surface is not determined and not standardized.

Combustible building materials according to their smoke-generating ability are divided into 3 groups:

D1 (with low smoke-generating ability);

D2 (with moderate smoke-generating ability);

DZ (with high smoke-generating ability).

Groups of building materials according to smoke-generating ability are established according to 2.14.2 and 4.18 GOST 12.1.044.

Combustible building materials according to the toxicity of combustion products are divided into 4 groups:

T1 (low-dangerous);

T2 (moderately hazardous);

TK (highly hazardous);

T4 (extremely dangerous).

Groups of building materials according to the toxicity of combustion products are established according to 2.16.2 and 4.20 GOST 12.1.044.

2. Classification of building structures

Building structures are characterized fire resistance andhot danger(rice. 4.2).

2.1. Fire resistance of building structures

GOST 30247.0 establishes general requirements for test methods for building structures and elements of engineering systems (hereinafter referred to as structures) for fire resistance.

There are the following main types of limit states of building structures in terms of fire resistance:

Loss of bearing capacity (R) due to the collapse of the structure or the occurrence of limiting deformations.

Loss of integrity (E) as a result of the formation of through cracks or holes in the structures through which combustion products or flames penetrate the unheated surface.

Loss of heat-carrying capacity (I) due to an increase in temperature on the unheated surface of the structure to the limit values ​​for this structure: on average more than 140°C or at any point more than 180°C compared to the temperature of the structure before the test or more than 220°C regardless of the design temperature prior to testing.

To standardize the fire resistance limits of load-bearing and enclosing structures in accordance with GOST 30247.1, the following limit states are used:

for columns, beams, trusses, arches and frames - only the loss of the bearing capacity of the structure and nodes - R;

for external bearing walls and coatings - loss of bearing capacity and integrity - R, E, for external non-bearing walls - E;

for non-bearing internal walls and partitions - loss of heat-insulating ability and integrity - E, I;

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

FIRE RESISTANCE

FIRE HAZARD

R - loss of bearing capacity;

KO - non-flammable;

E - loss of integrity;

K1 - low fire risk;

I - loss of heat-insulating ability.

Rice. 4.2. Classification of building structures 56

for load-bearing internal walls and fire barriers - loss of bearing capacity, integrity and heat-insulating capacity - R, E, I.

The fire resistance limit of windows is set only by the time of loss of integrity (E).

The designation of the fire resistance limit of a building structure consists of symbols that are standardized for a given structure of limit states, a figure corresponding to the time to reach one of these states (the first in time) in minutes.

For example (10):

R 120 - fire resistance limit 120 minutes - by loss of bearing capacity;

RE 60 - fire resistance limit of 60 minutes - in terms of loss of bearing capacity and loss of integrity, regardless of which of the two limit states occurs earlier;

REI 30 - fire resistance limit of 30 minutes - in terms of loss of bearing capacity, integrity and thermal insulation capacity, regardless of which of the two limit states occurs earlier.

If different fire resistance limits are standardized (or established) for various limit states for a structure, the designation of the fire resistance limit consists of two or three parts separated by a slash. For example: R 120/EI 60.

2.2. Fire danger indicators

According to fire hazard, building structures are divided into 4 classes, which are installed according to Table. 1 GOST 30403: KO (non-flammable); K1 (low fire risk); K2 (moderately flammable); Short circuit (fire hazardous).