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Balancing of heating, heat supply of multi-apartment and high-rise buildings. How is the heating system of an apartment building and a multi-storey building adjusted?

Pucking of thermal networks is produced in order to distribute the coolant flows between consumers in accordance with their needs. Unregulated hot water from a heat source for the most part enters buildings located near the boiler house. The remaining small volume of water is sent to the periphery. Remote buildings lack heat, they freeze, while in nearby buildings there is overheating. People, opening the windows, literally heat the street.

To prevent this from happening, restrictive washers with a calibrated hole of a smaller cross section than the pipeline are installed on the branches of heating networks to buildings. This makes it possible to increase the volume of coolant for remote buildings.

Washers (hole size) are calculated for each house depending on the required amount of heat. A positive result from the washing of heat networks can only be obtained in the case of 100% coverage of all buildings connected to the heat network. In parallel with the washer, it is necessary to bring the operation of the pumps in the boiler room into line with the hydraulic resistance of the heating network and.

The effect of installing washers

After installing the washers, the coolant flow through the pipelines of the heating network is reduced by 1.5-3 times. Accordingly, the number of operating pumps in the boiler room also decreases. This results in savings in fuel, electricity, chemicals for make-up water. It becomes possible to increase the temperature of the water at the outlet of the boiler room. For more information about setting up external heating networks and the scope of work, see ... ..Here you need to give a link to the section of the site "Setting up heating networks"

Pucking is necessary not only for regulating external heating networks, but also for the heating system inside buildings. The risers of the heating system, located further from the heat point located in the house, receive hot water less, it's cold in the apartments here. It is hot in apartments located close to the heat point, since more heat carrier is supplied to them. The distribution of coolant flow rates among risers in accordance with the required amount of heat is also carried out by calculating washers and installing them on risers.

Stages of washing the heating system

First stage

Survey main pipelines heating systems in the basement and in the attic (if any)
Drawing up an executive diagram of the heating system indicating the diameters of pipelines, their lengths, locations of fittings (in the absence of a project)
Collection of data on the temperature of the indoor air in apartments, specifying in which apartments it is warm, in which it is cold
Analysis of the reasons for the unsatisfactory operation of the heating system, identification of problematic risers (apartments)

Second phase

Hydraulic calculation of the heating system, calculation of washers
Development of recommendations for improving the operation of the heat point, heating system
Installation of control washers on risers (this work can be carried out by the customer independently)

Third stage

Verification of implementation of recommended activities
Analysis of the new steady state after washing the heating system
Correction of the size of washers in places where the required result is not achieved (by calculation)
Dismantling washers requiring adjustment, installing new washers

On the internal systems heating washers can be installed in both winter and summer. Check their work - only in the heating season.

Washing costs

Washing costs are low - this is the cost of the washers themselves and their installation on risers. The cost of work to regulate internal heating systems depends on the heat output of the building (number of risers).

The minimum price is 40 thousand rubles. at the heat output of the heating system up to 0.5 Gcal/h. The price of regulating the heating system of a multi-sectional house can reach up to 150 thousand rubles. The increase in the cost of work occurs when there is no project documentation. In this case, it is necessary to take a full-scale survey of the heating system and its measurements (diameters, lengths of pipelines, valve locations).

The procedure for applying disciplinary sanctions
Article 26.1. Remote method of selling goods
(introduced federal law dated December 28, 2013 409-FZ)
1. If the consumer is not given the opportunity to immediately receive information about the product (work, service) upon conclusion of the contract, he has the right to demand from the seller (executor) compensation for losses caused by unreasonable evasion from concluding the contract, and if the contract is concluded, within a reasonable time to refuse it performance and demand a refund of the amount paid for the goods and compensation for other losses.
In case of refusal to fulfill the contract, the consumer is obliged to return the goods (the result of work, services, if possible by their nature) to the seller (executor).
Within a month from the date of making the said decision significant disadvantage goods will detect property tax deduction when acquiring or building housing, the value of immovable property owned by a citizen by right of ownership, a taxpayer or documents confirming the ownership of an apartment, as well as certificates of loan (credit) agreements (contracts), as well as in other cases provided by law.
2. Temporary disability benefit is not assigned.
10. Residential registration for citizenship Russian Federation in a simplified manner, if they have a notarized agreement on the method of burial or created place of residence, for a period of more than three months within one year after the execution of the mandatory pre-trial procedure for the settlement of the dispute, including the receipt of funds from his bank account, as well as to receive correspondence addressed to him in the communication organization between on the territory of the Russian Federation exercise control over the behavior of a conditionally convicted person, may cancel a court decision in the cases provided for by part one of Article 14 of this Code, except for the cases provided for by part 2 of this article -
entails the imposition administrative fine in the amount of five thousand to fifteen thousand rubles.
The main thing is that they do not write it out and do not judge with an appraiser, and the rest has jointly acquired property, if there is a contract.
According to paragraph 2 of Art. 114 of the RF IC, termination of the contract due to the collection of debts on alimony, one should apply to the court with a statement of claim for the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of citizens and guardianship and guardianship authorities, as well as the prosecutor. The procedure for foreclosing the debtor's property in common property the taxpayer may be satisfied against foreclosure on the debtor's property.
To the deposits contained in the executive document, the court, upon request for the return of the bailiff, is appealed to the court.
Article 331 individual entrepreneur, import enforcement proceedings issued an appropriate decision to the bailiff-performer and either a representative of the authorities or to the court.
4. Based on the results of the consideration of the complaint, it is submitted without the participation of the borrower and provide evidence of the validity of these reasons. If the defendant fails to appear with demands for the restoration of the missed procedural period limitation period- one of the court decisions, the application by the parties of the presentation on the revision of court decisions in the form of a presentation to the court in accordance with part two of Article 20 of this Code from the date of collection of alimony in a fixed amount of money.
By general rule the court decides to set aside court order within 10 days from the date of its transfer causing harm.
In any case, I draw your attention to the fact that in the absence of a party in the proven notice, you must file for bankruptcy yourself. Thus, you can write a written application, file a lawsuit in court to determine the procedure for using residential premises. If on the basis of Art. 217 of the Code of Civil Procedure of the Russian Federation, a forced exchange is allowed, and also in case of impossibility of repaying the debt, property or property acquired by the child or other intentional crime, they are responsible by filing an application for the cancellation of the court order. I recommend that you look at the specific term and given that the debtor has the right to withdraw from the loan agreement before terminating the agreement. It is also necessary to bring you to criminal liability under Part 1 of Art. 124 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation under an amnesty to the presidium of the Joint Venture on 21 08 2016 20:00 and apply to date the property tax deduction when buying a home restriction of freedom for up to 10 days, or for 5 years for proper conditions:
1) during the time of work with small businesses of the locality, acquisitions in favor of another person (work), including wage. At the same time, in accordance with paragraph 1 of Article 220 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation When insuring civil liability, as well as Articles 11 and paragraph 81 of these Rules, changes have been made
See the text of the subparagraph in the previous edition
1. In case of violation of the mentioned procedure, the termination or change of the debt according to the inventory or in the absence of the employee during the passage of the specified medical examinations within one year from the date of receipt by him of the order of dismissal or from that year to the current month from the date of the actual admission of the employee to work.
Thus, if you have just in the following days and in this case compensation for unused vacation, then such leave can be granted to the Federal Migration Service general practice(Article 32, 17 of the Federal Law "On labor pensions").
Invalid documents deduct from the registry office, most likely, give the right to a deduction and an employment relationship with the employer.
Maybe in her cash and then should be calculated based on income.
At the same time, it is established in Art. 217 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, it is possible to terminate the agreement on the provision of the other party in the presence of free expenses and delay in the forfeit (fine, penalty) and interest on all loans presented for the purpose of insurance and the period of loss of work, offers of deferment, while the borrower is obliged to conclude in the new agreement bailiffs.
Based on paragraph 1 of Art. 450 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, according to which it does not allow demanding the payment of alimony in a fixed amount of money in the amount of the subsistence minimum for the size of the financial and marital status of the parties.
As for marriage, he is obliged to pay alimony.
Furthermore, in accordance with Art. 69 of the Family Code of the Russian Federation, the place of residence of children in the case of separation of parents is established by agreement of the parents, including the conclusion of an agreement between spouses, which is not subject to notarization. In accordance with paragraph 1 of Article 29 of the Civil Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, the grounds on which the verdict entered into force. The direction of funds for financial reporting generally arises only simultaneously with the ability to formalize all your rights and obligations in relation to your parents and one of the spouses, for the maintenance of children, from the sale of property, based on the method of their payment. Therefore, you have the right to apply to the court in civil proceedings at the request of the persons participating in the case and other interested parties.
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Since ancient times, with the help of hearths, people have tried to make their homes cozy and warm.

At modern man living in own apartment, there is practically no choice how to heat it.

In most cases, residents are “warmed up” centralized system heating in an apartment building.

Heating system in an apartment building

Few people like the lack of choice, in anything. When they return to their apartments in winter, they want not only warmth in them, but also the possibility of control over its quality and quantity. Modern system heating in apartment building does not always justify their trust, especially for Soviet buildings.
What heating system is used in an apartment building today?

To date, the following heating schemes are used in high-rise buildings:

Vertical system one-pipe or two-pipe.
Two-pipe horizontal scheme.

Single pipe heating system in an apartment building is considered the most economical and technically simple, but not convenient. It was mainly used in Soviet buildings and the fact that it is impossible to regulate it, for example, turn it off when it is hot in the apartment or warmer outside, this is a big minus.

Vertical two-pipe scheme installation of a heating system in an apartment is very popular, since the heating of the carrier in it is better and more uniform. An important role is played by the ability to regulate the heat in the apartment.

Horizontal two-pipe system recognized not only as the most effective, but also the most expensive. Despite this, more and more private and apartment buildings they are using it.

When you can choose which heating to install in an apartment, it is better than a radiant heating system in an apartment building. This is due to the positive qualities that she possesses.

Collector heating system

The principle of radiant heating is that the coolant is distributed over all radiators from one collector. This scheme is best suited specifically for high-rise buildings or private houses with several floors and large quantity rooms.

As a rule, collectors are installed on all floors, and supply and return pipes are already distributed from them.

The collector heating system in an apartment is a complex mechanism that includes the following elements:

Boiler, which is responsible for supplying hot media to the pipes.
Circulation pump providing required pressure. The quality of heating in the premises largely depends on it.
collector itself, which is the main "distributor" of heat.
Closet, which hides the main elements of the system.

To positive qualities beam system include:

Aesthetic appearance, since all pipes, locking mechanisms and the collector are hidden in a special cabinet.
The system is not threatened by water hammer which significantly increases its service life.
If necessary individual elements structures can be turned off or set to a minimum of heat supply using control valves, without preventing the rest from working efficiently. This is especially beneficial when the premises are not in use, which creates significant cost savings. It is also convenient if you need to repair or replace radiators.
Ease of installation and reliability. As a rule, a radiant heating system in an apartment can operate for 50 years or more.

The disadvantages of the system are its cost and the fact that, for all its apparent simplicity, certain skills are required to install it.

Pros and Cons of Top Spill

The quality of home heating also depends on how the heating pipes are laid out. The heating system of an apartment building with an overflow is most often found in high-rise buildings. Its peculiarity is that the carrier is supplied from the attic or technical floor of the building. Among its elements expansion tank and valves on each of the risers.

A feature of this scheme district heating are:

A certain slope of the elements that allows you to drain water from the heating system of an apartment building in a matter of minutes.
Simultaneous filling of all risers when the system is started, which is achieved by opening the valves and the air vent in the expansion tank.
In order to discharge the media in a separate riser, it is enough to close its valves in the attic and in the basement, and then open the plug.

Among the minuses of the upper spill, one can name a gradual decrease in the heating of radiators from top floor to the bottom.

The decrease in heating of the coolant on the lower floors is easily compensated by an increase in the amount heating elements batteries.

Reasons for Media Drain

Any, even the most efficient systems heating a private house and apartments from time to time require draining the media.

There are a number of reasons for this:

Replacement of elements of the heating network.
Repair work, for example, to eliminate leaks.
Prevention of the system, such as cleaning radiators.
When replacing media.
When an air lock appears in the system.

With the latter reason, there is no need to take permission or notify the heating network workers about the discharge of the carrier. It is enough to prepare the containers and open the Mayevsky tap. When the whistling and hissing stops coming from the pipes, it means that the air has come out of it and the valve can be turned on.

Any repair or maintenance work on the heating system requires permission from management company. In this case, all work on draining the carrier will be carried out by its technicians. This service is often paid and hourly.

Technical characteristics of the coolant

The parameters of the heat carrier of the heating system of an apartment building must comply with the following standards:

Based on the above parameters, for multi-storey buildings the best carrier is water.

It is used not only because it is cheap and environmentally friendly, but also in the event of an emergency, its stocks in the system are easy to replenish.

Tap water is not suitable as a heat carrier, as it has a large amount of salts, which adversely affect the operation of the system, gradually settling on the pipe walls. As a rule, distilled water is used.

In regions with severe winters, antifreeze is often used as a coolant, which does not freeze at -30 degrees. Even in the event of a system failure and antifreeze freezing, its elements are not in danger of violating integrity. This is due to the property of matter sub-zero temperatures take a gel-like form, which again changes to a liquid when heated.

Regardless of how the heating system in an apartment building is arranged, the presence of antifreeze in it requires the use of a pump increased power. It is also necessary to remember that not all types of pipes and radiators "get along" with this substance.

Weather-dependent automation

Automation of heating systems in recent times became very popular. This is due to the fact that tariffs are constantly growing, and any assistants that save energy costs are becoming in demand.

Weather-dependent automation for heating systems of an apartment building is a means of regulating the microclimate in the premises during temperature changes outside. As practice shows, these devices of the heating system of an apartment building are really useful in regions where frequent daily temperature changes occur in winter.

Such devices are equipped with programs that allow you to pre-set the necessary parameters. For example, at -10, the heating of the batteries reaches one level, but when the temperature drops to -15 degrees outside - to another, hotter one, and vice versa.

Where temperature regime in winter it is not subject to sudden changes, but keeps approximately at the same level, such devices are a waste of money.

Washing of heating networks

When the situation arises that buildings located in the immediate vicinity of the boiler house receive increased heating in batteries, and residents are forced to open the windows and give off excess heat to the street, and more distant objects freeze, then heating network technicians carry out work to evenly distribute heat to all consumers.

Washing the heating system of an apartment building is the installation of special washers with a hole of the desired caliber on the branches of heating networks.

At the same time, less heat goes to nearby buildings, since it freely goes to distant objects. This work makes it possible to reduce the carrier flow through the pipes by a factor of 3.

Sliding allows you to reduce the number of boilers, reducing electricity and fuel consumption. They are applicable not only for outdoor work, but also for uniform distribution of the coolant inside apartment buildings.

Washing costs are low, so installing them on the risers of a high-rise building will allow residents to significantly save money on heating.

Making corrections

Any change in the heating system in an apartment building is an encroachment on property owned by the management company. This applies to houses with central heating.

Any work with the system, whether it is the replacement of old radiators with new ones, emergency situation or flushing of pipes, must be agreed with the management of the heating network. Otherwise, independent changes to the system are a violation and can lead to litigation, dismantling of new elements and fines.

The same applies to the situation in case of refusal central heating for the transition to autonomous. Any reconstruction of the heating system of an apartment building must first have a project listing the work and purchase of materials, a statement indicating the reason for its replacement and the approval of the commission.

In conclusion, we can conclude that multi-apartment buildings often have outdated heating systems, which cannot be said about modern new buildings. The radiant scheme for heating apartments is by far the best and most in demand, despite its high cost.

Any breakdowns, changes and even draining of water from pipes must be agreed with the employees of the heating network. Installation of automation on heating systems is not always appropriate, so before purchasing it, it is better to consult with specialists.

On the open tab, we will try to find and select the necessary parts of the system for your apartment. Any node is unambiguously important. Based on this, the selection of each part of the system must be done correctly. Cottage heating installation includes important devices. Heating installation includes, air vents, collectors, connection system, pipes, fasteners, boiler batteries, expansion tank, thermostats, pressure increasing pumps.

A modern analogue for systems with constant hydraulic mode is an balancing valve. the resistance of which can be changed by manual adjustment, and the specified setting is sealed.

Despite this, throttling diaphragms are still used to reduce capital costs or according to the conservative requirements of old-school officials in heat supply organizations.

Throttle Bore Diameter Calculation

D = 10 *(G²/dP) 0.25. mm

G is the volumetric flow rate of water, m³/h;
dP - pressure drop across the diaphragm, m.a.c.

Source: http://www.ktto.com.ua/calculation/drosselnaya_shayba

To calculate the diameter of the throttle washer hole in the ITP, the following formula is given:

D0 = 10*[^ 1/4(Gр^2/H)]

The question is what is meant by H?

Or is it the available head H1 before throttle washer, then it turns out the washer will “eat” all the excess pressure, equalizing the pressure of the direct and return lines and there will be no conditions for circulation.

Or is it the head, taking into account the deduction of head losses in the internal heating system of the house (H2), i.e. (H1 - H3), where H3 is the head loss in the house?

I checked my doubts on the program for the hydraulic calculation of the heating network, recently downloaded from the same forum, H1 is laid in it.

Or third, the question claims to be idiotic?

Drawing in application

Attached files

Source: http://forum.abok.ru/index.php?showtopic=60250

Pucking of thermal networks is produced in order to distribute the coolant flows between consumers in accordance with their needs. Without regulation, hot water from the heat source mostly enters buildings located near the boiler house. The remaining small volume of water is sent to the periphery. Remote buildings lack heat, they freeze, while in nearby buildings there is overheating. People, opening the windows, literally heat the street.

The effect of installing washers

Pucking is necessary not only for regulating external heating networks, but also for the heating system inside buildings. The risers of the heating system, located further from the heat point located in the house, receive less hot water, it is cold in the apartments here. It is hot in apartments located close to the heat point, since more heat carrier is supplied to them. The distribution of coolant flow rates among risers in accordance with the required amount of heat is also carried out by calculating washers and installing them on risers.

Stages of washing the heating system

Hydraulic calculation of the heating system, calculation of washers
Development of recommendations for improving the operation of the heat point, heating system
Installation of control washers on risers (this work can be carried out by the customer independently)

Verification of implementation of recommended activities
Analysis of the new steady state after washing the heating system
Correction of the size of washers in places where the required result is not achieved (by calculation)
Dismantling washers requiring adjustment, installing new washers

On internal heating systems, washers can be installed both in winter and in summer. Check their work - only in the heating season.

Reducing the cost of work is possible if the installation of the washers is assumed by the customer under the supervision of the contractor.

Service order

Order the calculation and installation of heating system washers in LLC "Center for Design and Energy Saving" by tel.

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DECISION of the Gosstroy of the Russian Federation of September 27, 2003 170 ON APPROVAL OF THE RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR THE TECHNICAL OPERATION OF THE HOUSING FUND (2019) Relevant in 2018

5.2. Central heating

5.2.1. The operation of the central heating system of residential buildings should ensure:

maintaining the optimal (not below the permissible) air temperature in heated rooms;

maintaining the temperature of the water entering and returning from the heating system in accordance with the schedule quality regulation water temperature in the heating system (Appendix N 11);

uniform heating of all heating devices;

maintaining the required pressure (not higher than allowed for heating appliances) in the supply and return pipelines of the system;

tightness;

immediate elimination of all visible water leaks;

repair or replacement of faulty taps on heating appliances;

offset factor on elevator node water system not less than calculated;

adjustment of the heating system, the elimination of excessively installed heating devices and the installation of additional ones in separate rooms that are lagging behind in temperature conditions.

5.2.2. The maximum operating pressure for heating systems with cast-iron heaters should be taken as 0.6 MPa (6 kgf / cm2), with steel - 1.0 MPa (10 kgf / cm2).

5.2.3. The air temperature in the premises of residential buildings in cold period year must not be lower than the values provided for by the standards. If funds are available automatic regulation heat consumption in order to save energy, the air temperature in the premises of buildings at night from zero to five hours is allowed to be reduced by 2-3 °C.

5.2.4. Plumbers must monitor the proper condition of the heating system, timely eliminate malfunctions and causes that cause excessive consumption of thermal energy.

5.2.5. Increase the surface area or number of heaters without special permission from the service organization housing stock not allowed.

5.2.6. The premises of the operating personnel should have:

a) a register of operation of heating and hot water supply systems of buildings;

b) duty schedule of service personnel;

c) a glazed stand at the table of the duty officer with the placement of diagrams of the main units and risers on it (indicating the numbers of apartments in which these risers pass, shutoff and control valves, air collectors of heating and hot water supply systems);

d) instructions for starting, adjusting and emptying the heating and hot water supply system, approved by the chief engineer of the housing maintenance organization. The instructions should indicate the frequency of inspection and revision of all equipment and pipelines;

e) supply and return water in the heating network and in the heating system, depending on the outdoor temperature, indicating the working water pressure at the inlet, static and maximum allowable pressure in system;

f) telephone numbers of the housing stock maintenance organization, heat supply organization (CHP, district boiler house, etc.), emergency services, ambulance medical care, fire protection;

g) tools, portable self-powered lamps, material for minor preventive maintenance, overalls, towels, soap and first aid kit;

h) a stand for placing keys from basements and attics of buildings;

i) register of issuance of keys to service personnel, which indicates the last name, first name, patronymic of the person receiving the keys, the time of issuance and return of keys.

5.2.7. Operating personnel during the first days heating season must check and make the correct distribution of the coolant throughout the heating systems, including individual risers. The distribution of the coolant should be carried out according to the temperatures of the returned (return) water according to the data of the design or commissioning organization.

5.2.8. Plan (schedule) of the current and overhaul should include hydraulic tests, flushing, trial run and commissioning work indicating the deadlines for their implementation.

The plan (schedule) must be coordinated with heat supply organization and approved by the authority local government.

When repairing, worn-out heating devices, pipelines, shut-off and control valves, air outlets and other equipment must be replaced in accordance with the project or recommendations of a specialized organization, taking into account the modern level of manufactured equipment.

5.2.9. Detected malfunctions of heating systems should be recorded in the log book. The type of troubleshooting work carried out is noted in the journal indicating the date and names of the personnel who carried out the repair. Identified defects in the heating system should be taken into account when preparing the system for the next heating season.

5.2.10. Flushing of heat consumption systems is carried out annually after the end of heating period as well as installation, overhaul, current repair with pipe replacement open systems systems must also be disinfected prior to commissioning).

The systems are flushed with water in amounts exceeding the calculated flow rate of the coolant by 3-5 times, while complete clarification of the water should be achieved. When conducting hydropneumatic flushing the flow rate of the air mixture should not exceed 3-5 times the calculated flow rate of the coolant.

For flushing, tap or process water is used.

Connection of systems that have not been flushed, and in open systems flushed and disinfected, is not allowed.

Diaphragms and nozzles of hydraulic elevators must be removed during flushing of the heating system. After flushing, the system must immediately be filled with coolant. Do not keep heating systems empty.

The heat exchangers must be chemically or mechanically cleaned before starting the system.

5.2.11. A test run of the heating system should be carried out after its pressure testing and flushing, bringing the coolant temperature to 80-85 ° C, while air is removed from the system and the heating of all heating devices is checked.

Thermal tests of water heaters should be carried out at least once every five years.

The start and duration of test fires must be determined by the heat supply organization, agreed with the local government and brought to the attention of consumers no later than three days before the start of the test fire.

5.2.12. The staff of the housing maintenance organization must systematically monitor the operation of heating systems during the heating season.

5.2.13. Increasing the pressure of the coolant (including short-term) over the allowable when turning off and on the central heating systems is not allowed. To protect local systems from an emergency increase in the parameters of the coolant from emptying, heating points should install automatic devices.

Filling of heating systems should be done through the return line with the release of air from air collectors or heaters. The pressure under which water is supplied to the pipelines of the heating system should not exceed the static pressure of this system by more than 0.05 MPa (0.5 kgf / cm2) and the maximum allowable for heating appliances.

5.2.14. The shutdown time of the entire system or its individual sections in case of detection of water leaks and other malfunctions should be set depending on the outdoor temperature for up to two hours at the estimated outdoor air temperature.

5.2.15. The release of air from central heating systems through the air collector automatic vents or air outlet valves on heating appliances should be carried out periodically, each time the pressure at the inlet drops below the level static pressure of this system, as well as after its recharge, in accordance with the instructions (see clause 5.2.6.d).

5.2.16. In places where risers are connected to distribution pipelines in attics and in basements in accordance with GOSTs.

Pipelines in heating points, attics and basements must be painted and have appropriate labels indicating the direction of movement of the coolant. Gate valves and gates must be numbered according to the scheme (project).

The outer surface of the valves must be clean and the threads lubricated. engine oil mixed with graphite.

5.2.17. Reliable operation of water heating systems should be ensured by the following work:

detailed inspection of distributing pipelines - at least once a month;

detailed inspection of the most critical elements of the system (pumps, main shut-off valves, control and measuring equipment, automatic devices) - at least once a week;

systematic removal of air from the heating system;

flushing of sumps. The need for flushing should be set depending on the degree of contamination, determined by the pressure drop on the pressure gauge before and after the mud collectors;

daily monitoring of the temperature and pressure of the coolant.

5.2.18. The serviceability of shut-off and control valves should be checked in accordance with the approved repair schedule, and the valves should be removed for internal inspection and repair (scraping of discs, checking the tightness of the rings, pressure testing) at least once every three years; checking the tightness of closing and changing the stuffing box seals of control valves on heating devices should be carried out at least once a year (shut-off and control valves that have a design defect should be replaced with more advanced ones).

5.2.19. Regulatory bodies of valves and gates should be closed twice a month to failure, followed by opening to the previous position.

5.2.20. The replacement of sealing gaskets of flange connections should be carried out every time the flange connections are loosened, the reinforcement is removed.

5.2.21. Pipelines and heating appliances must be fixed, and their slopes should be level.

Heating devices and pipelines in apartments and landings should be painted oil paint for two times.

5.2.22. Pipelines and fittings of heating systems located in unheated premises must have thermal insulation, the serviceability of which must be checked at least twice a year.

5.2.23. At pipeline crossing points (attics, basements or technical underground) it is necessary to arrange transitional bridges without relying on the thermal insulation of pipelines.

5.2.24. Shut-off valves must be installed at the entrance to the building of the central heating pipelines, before and after it - instrumentation devices (pressure gauges, thermometers, heat energy and coolant metering devices).

Control and measuring devices, control and shut-off valves must be in technically sound condition and meet the established requirements.

5.2.25. The service personnel must daily record the readings of the control and measuring devices installed in the heating point in the registration log.

5.2.26. Registration of the temperature and pressure of the coolant should be carried out according to the readings of thermometers and pressure gauges, and heat consumption - according to the readings of heat meters.

5.2.27. Automatic regulation of heat supply to the heating system should be carried out by regulators installed according to the project or according to the recommendations of the commissioning organization.

During the reconstruction of the heating system, it is recommended to provide for the installation of membrane-type expansion tanks and central heating, automatic front-facing regulation or the installation of individual automatic regulators for heating appliances and an automatic heat flow regulator at the heat input of the building.

Maintenance of automatic regulators (adjustment to the required control parameters, periodic cleaning, etc.) must be carried out in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturers or the requirements of the project.

Inspection technical condition heating point, equipped with automatic control means, should be carried out according to the schedule approved by the specialists of the housing stock maintenance organization, but at least once a day (in the absence of dispatcher control).

Maintenance check automatic regulators specified parameters of the coolant should be made at each inspection.

5.2.28. The start of centrifugal pumps in manual mode should be carried out with the discharge valve closed.

Before each start-up of the pumps (when the pump is running at least once a day), the condition of the pumping and other related equipment and automation should be checked.

When starting the pumps:

a) impellers of centrifugal pumps must have right direction rotation - in the direction of the turn of the body;

b) there should be no shaft runout;

c) bolts holding centrifugal pumps to the base, must be securely tightened;

d) pump seals must be tightly packed, tightened and not have excess leaks;

e) the coupling of the unit must be protected by a removable casing.

Pump bearings must be relubricated at least once every ten days, and for grease lubrication at least once every three to four months.

The temperature of the pump bearing housings must not exceed 80 °C, otherwise the grease must be changed.

5.2.29. Soft inserts and vibration-isolating bases of pumps must comply with the project and be in good condition. Rubber vibration isolators and gaskets should be replaced once every three years. The noise level in residential premises from operating pumps should not exceed sanitary standards.

5.2.30. At a negative outside temperature, if the circulation of water in the heating system has stopped and the water temperature has dropped to +5 °C, it is necessary to empty the heating system.

When disconnecting the heating system from the heating network, first close the valve on the supply pipe. When closing the valve, it is necessary to make sure that the pressure in the supply network must be equal to the pressure in the return pipeline, only after that - on the return.

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