Floor installation on the ground with an underground: we make a technical room under the house. How to insulate your basement yourself

Own cellar will be useful in almost every private household. In the cellar you can store vegetables, preservation and other things. At the same time, such storage will be as convenient and high-quality as possible, because. the cellar is underground and does not occupy usable space in living quarters, and temperature conditions in the basement provide the longest possible storage of various food products.

The cellar can be equipped both at the stage of construction of the building, and in the already finished private building. In the second case, the work is complicated by the fact that you will have to dig a hole for the cellar by hand and take the earth out of the room yourself. Otherwise, the procedure for arranging the cellar for both situations mentioned is practically the same.

The cellar in the basement of the house should be at least 150-180 cm deep. With a smaller depth, the temperature in the basement will exceed +8 degrees, which is not in the best way will affect the conditions and shelf life of vegetables.

Before starting work, you need to set the depth of passage groundwater specific to your area. This is easiest to do at the stage of arranging the foundation of the house, because. geodetic research is included in the list of mandatory preparatory activities.

If the house has already been built, but you just now decided to start arranging your personal cellar, determine the point of passage of groundwater will have to do it yourself.

This can be done according to the following methods:

• dig a hole with a depth of 250 cm and monitor its condition for several days in terms of filling it with water;
• determine the depth of water in wells on adjacent land plots.

You can also contact a specialized well drilling company.

Checking the groundwater level should be done during the spring flood or autumn long rains. It is during these periods that the ground aquifers rise to the maximum level.

If groundwater is closer to the soil surface than 100 cm, you will have to refrain from constructing an underground basement, preferring a remote cellar in some other suitable area.

If the groundwater level is in the range of 100-150 cm, you can try to reduce it using a drainage system laid along the perimeter of the building below the floor of the future basement. In this case, the waterproofing of the basement walls will need to be given special attention.

Ideally, the underground cellar should have a depth of 200-230 cm. With such depth indicators in the underground room, it will be comfortable to go about your business, and the air temperature will be set at about + 4-5 degrees, which is best indicator for long-term storage preserves, vegetables, etc.

Before starting the arrangement of the cellar, you need to select suitable building materials. The walls of the room can be built of concrete, natural stone, concrete blocks, ceramic brick. silicate brick and cinder blocks better not to use.

Determine best option entrance to the cellar. The simplest option- arrangement of a hatch in the field of the room with the installation of a ladder for descending into the cellar. If possible, the descent can be made from full-fledged concrete steps- it is more comfortable. An inclined trench for arranging the descent must be provided for even at the stage of digging the foundation pit.

A step-by-step guide to building a cellar

Independent arrangement of the cellar under the house is carried out in several simple steps. Do each one in sequence.

Video - Cellar under the house

The first stage is the definition of dimensions

Start by determining the dimensions of the cellar that are convenient for you. As a rule, the cellar area under the house is at least 5-8 m2. With such dimensions, it will be possible to place racks with preservation in jars, and containers with various root crops. Otherwise, be guided by your requirements.

Make the size of the pit at least 60 cm over size cellars on each side. From this stock, about 30 cm will go to the walls. The rest of the place will be filled with waterproofing material and a clay castle.

Video - Cellar construction

The second stage - earthworks

Start digging a pit. If the house is just being built, use special equipment. In the case of arranging a cellar in already finished house digging will have to be done by hand. To side walls the pits did not crumble, strengthen them with temporary supports, for example, from plywood or boards.

Make the depth of the pit such that its bottom is about 30 cm below the bottom of the future cellar under the house.

The third stage is the foundation

Fill the bottom of the pit with gravel of different fractions. Tamp the backfill and lay the reinforcing mesh on it. Pour concrete. Allow 2-5 days for the pot to dry initially. After that, you can start arranging the walls of the future cellar.

Fourth stage - walls

It is better if the walls of the cellar are made of monolithic concrete. To increase the moisture resistance of the filling, it is necessary to add a special mixture to the solution to create a penetrating moisture insulation.

Assemble formwork for pouring concrete walls. To do this, use boards, bars, ties and nails. It is better that the formwork boards are planed - they are easier to dismantle in the future. Make the formwork about 30 cm wide. Lay 2 reinforcing bars along the future walls with a connection at the joints of the walls. Use soft wire to connect the bars.

At the stage of arranging the formwork, provide places for placing ventilation pipes.

Pour the concrete into the formwork. It is best to pre-order ready-made concrete, because. on the self-cooking the required amount of solution will take a very long time.

After pouring in several places, pierce the concrete with a metal rod to remove excess air from the material. The solution will dry for about a week and it will take another 3-4 weeks to set strength.

Let the walls dry and remove the formwork.

Fifth stage - waterproofing

Proceed to the external waterproofing of the cellar. For this, it is best suited bituminous mastic. Apply 3-4 coats of waterproofing material to outside basement walls with a roller, and then stick a layer of roofing material over the mastic. Let the insulation dry and fill the space around the walls with earth, or make clay castle.

If there is a risk of cellar flooding, the clay castle must be made in without fail. Mix clay, clean sand and water until a homogeneous mass resembling plasticine is obtained. Layer-by-layer fill the hole with the resulting mass and carefully tamp.

Inside, both the walls of the cellar and its floor are waterproofed. The floor is best filled with hot bitumen and pasted over with roofing material. Can be used to insulate walls polymer mastic or penetrating waterproofing. The second option is more preferable.

During the installation of the floor, remember the required 1-2 degree slope of the surface in the direction of the technical pit. Thanks to the slope, the cellar will remain dry even during the rainy season and floods.

Stage six - finishing

At the finishing stage, you have to make a ladder, a manhole cover and ventilation.

If you decide to go with a simple wooden stairs, soak the raw materials with an antiseptic beforehand. Place the stairs with a slope that makes it easy for you to go up and down.

The hatch cover must be hinged. Otherwise, at this stage, be guided by your preferences.

Video - Ventilation in the cellar

Insert the ventilation pipes into the holes that you made at the stage of preparing the walls for pouring concrete. The exhaust opening should be located under the ceiling of the cellar above the pit, the inlet should be located almost near the floor in the opposite wall. Bring air ducts outside. Place protective grilles (nets) over the ventilation openings.

The procedure for arranging the ceiling depends on whether the cellar is created at the stage of building a house or whether it is equipped in an already finished building. In most cases, the ceiling of the cellar is an ordinary floor slab with a pre-prepared hole for the hatch. The procedure for arranging such an overlap depends, as already noted, on the circumstances under which a cellar is created under the house, so be guided by the conditions of your particular case.

This completes the construction of the cellar under the house with their own hands. Install the planned racks and shelves, and you can start using your own equipped cellar.

Successful work!

Video - Do-it-yourself cellar under the house

Think in advance about how and where you will remove the excavated soil from the room.

This problem can be solved in two ways:

• The construction of a cellar in the basement is carried out in the process of building a house. It can be immediately concreted, insulated and all work can be carried out in just a few days.
• When a private house already has walls and a basement, then the only solution is to dig a hole for the cellar with your own hands. This is painstaking work which will require some physical effort.

It must be taken into account that the construction of the pit should not weaken the soil under the foundation of the house. If you dig a pit too close to the walls of the house, this can lead to a subsidence of the building and its further deformation.

If the building has pile foundation, then holding earthworks and the arrangement of the cellar does not pose any danger, because the entire load from the structure falls on the underlying soil layers, which cannot be reached with a shovel.

Floor in storage

The most common option is a concrete floor. The arrangement of such a surface, of course, will not provide 100% waterproofing of the room, although concrete has a lot of advantages over the ground floor, which are already visible at the construction stage:

After reinforcing mesh assembled, concrete can be poured.

• Anaerobic bacteria can release gases that are potentially dangerous to humans, which will never enter the cellar through the concrete floor.
• A variety of pests will also not be able to penetrate the storage through a concrete surface, so the arrangement of such a floor is correct solution if this problem bothers you.
• The concrete floor will not be able to destroy even large rodents.
• During the flood, when the dirt floors just start to slip from under your feet, concrete surface will stay in place.

The construction of a concrete floor in a cellar in a private house involves the following steps:

1. The first step is to dig a pit, determine the size of the cellar and level the bottom of the pit.
2. Next, you need to make a sand cushion, the thickness of which should not exceed 20 cm. It is compacted with the help of improvised tools and water. The pillow must be firm and even, otherwise the concrete floor will deform in the future.
3. Then it is recommended to lay a layer of gravel, which also needs to be well compacted and made as even as possible. The arrangement of this layer will provide high reliability surfaces and the cellar under the house will not be subject to deformation.
4. Overlapped on a gravel-sand cushion waterproofing material(special polyethylene or roofing material can be used). This is necessary not only as a barrier against ground water, but so that the cement milk after pouring the solution does not go into the lower layers. Due to this approach, concrete is gaining ultimate strength. Of course, this will not give an absolute guarantee against the penetration of moisture into the premises, but at least it will minimize the risks.
5. A stack of reinforcement is placed on the waterproofing layer. The thickness of the reinforcement bars in this case should be 5 mm or more. Reinforcement of the floor surface ensures the stability of the surface and its durability during operation.
6. At the end, the floor is poured cement mortar about 10-15 cm thick. It must be understood that the coating will gain working strength only after a few weeks. The first days after completion of work, walking on such a floor is prohibited.

Monolithic walls

The walls of any basement are built, as a rule, from brick or foam concrete blocks. When the construction of the cellar is carried out in an already erected house, certain difficulties may arise with waterproofing and backfilling. However, if you carefully consider the work, they can be done by hand.

Concrete is poured not immediately to the top, but little by little, with the compaction of each layer.

The optimal solution is to build reinforced concrete walls. Construction procedure reinforced concrete structure do it yourself the following:

1. The first step is to install the reinforcing mesh. For these purposes, corrugated reinforcing bars with a cross section of 10-15 mm are usually used. If the rods of this thickness could not be found, you can fasten two small rods together, or use pipe trimmings. To connect the reinforcing network from the rods, it is recommended to use wire and special hooks; it is best not to use welding.
2. Do-it-yourself vertical formwork device involves the use of various improvised materials. The croaker is excellent for these purposes, plywood sheets, Chipboard. In principle, even large wooden trimmings will do. If there is not enough material for the formwork, then the boards can be gradually rearranged as the walls are erected. In this case, it will be possible to build a wall in a few days.
3. For pouring, it is recommended to use concrete grade M200 (and more durable). In some cases, it is recommended to add some of the rubble to the solution. The formwork must be poured little by little, in layers of several tens of centimeters. In addition, each layer of concrete must be compacted. The wall must be built up to the floor level.

overlap

If the cellar in a private house is done by hand, then the thermal insulation of the floor seems superfluous to many. This opinion is erroneous, because a stable temperature within +2, +5 degrees must be maintained inside the cellar, which allows products to remain in their original form for many months.

If the air in the cellar warms up too much, then the provisions will immediately deteriorate, and almost all of them. Besides, in winter time without a well-insulated ceiling, heat will go into the cellar, thereby increasing heating costs.

It is quite possible to make the ceiling with your own hands from wood, but how to insulate it?

1. On the bearing beams a kind of "shield" of boards is attached from below. Boards can be fixed with self-tapping screws for reliability or with nails. Nails must be driven into different directions, at an angle, a few nails per board. Fastening is still better to do on long self-tapping screws - it will be more reliable.
2. A vapor barrier film material is fixed on the shield, which is necessary to prevent the heat-insulating layer from getting wet.
3. The entire space between the beams must be filled with heat-insulating material. In the case of a basement, mineral wool or glass wool is usually used, which is quite affordable.
4. Waterproofing is placed on the heat-insulating material. A rolled insulator that can be overlapped is well suited. All seams are recommended to be glued with construction tape.
5. A bearing coating is laid on top and everything ends with the installation of the floor. If the entrance to the cellar is from the kitchen or living quarters, then it is necessary to lay the same cover on the lid. flooring that in the whole room.

How to deal with dampness under the house?

After finishing the cellar in the house, and starting its operation, many are faced with the problem of dampness. How to make sure that condensate does not accumulate on the walls of the storage, and moisture does not penetrate into the living space?

You need to understand that water will surely seep into the cellar under the house due to groundwater and perched water. No waterproofing can give a 100% guarantee. In addition, during storage, vegetables will release moisture, which will accumulate in the air.

The best solution in this case seems to be a do-it-yourself effective ventilation device. Ventilation system for the cellar should consist of two pipes. One pipe Fresh air will go in, and on the other - on the contrary, go out. Any pipes can be used: special ventilation pipes or ordinary PVC pipes (which are usually used for sewerage).

If your house has a small cellar, then you can make ventilation with just one pipe, which will be responsible for both air intake and exhaust. When the dimensions of the cellar are significant, it is recommended to install inside the ventilation pipes special devices, which will forcibly pump air out of the storage, preventing it from stagnation, leading to the formation of condensate.

An insect can enter the cellar through ventilation.

The exhaust pipe must be brought to the roof of the house. The lower part of the chimney must be installed under the ceiling of the cellar (in accordance with the laws of physics). lower part the supply pipe is installed at a height of 20-30 from, and top part can be displayed through any window. The supply pipe must be equipped with a metal filter that will protect the cellar from debris and pests. In turn, in exhaust pipe a deflector can be installed, which will increase the draft from the cellar in windy weather.

With the help of a high-quality ventilation system, the cellar under the house can be operated without problems for more than a dozen years. It is right to make a storage with your own hands even for a novice builder.

Almost all private houses are equipped with basements. They perform many practical functions and are indispensable if you have your own farm. In cases where it is not possible to equip such an underground storage compartment, a cellar can be built a short distance from the house.

What is the basement for?

First of all, let's find out for what purpose additional space under the floor can be used:

1. For food storage long time(especially in winter).
2. For laying bulbs or rhizomes ornamental plants(in case they need to be dug out for the winter from open ground).
3. As a pantry where you can store things that are not used in everyday life.
4. To install heating and water-pressure equipment there, which will supply the house with heat and water.
5. If a basement large enough in its area, then you can build there gym or even a sauna.

It is important to decide on these goals in advance, since some features of the arrangement of the space under the floor of the house depend on this.

Technology of construction and construction of the basement

The construction of the basement begins with a drawing and planning work. Initial stages arrangements are carried out already at the stage of foundation construction. Everything needs to be planned properly. engineering systems that will be there:

• waterproofing system;
• ventilation;
• warming;
• lighting.

Particular attention in the construction of the basement must be given to drainage. This is a must if you want to keep the room dry.

For the basement in the house is part of the foundation of the building. One type of underground storage is caisson. From French, this word is translated as "box".

Initially, such cellars were used to store food and things under water. However, over time, they have found much wider application.

Their advantage is, first of all, tightness and compactness.

This type of basement can be used as small houses to save space, and if the groundwater level does not allow you to dig a full-fledged basement.

Caisson in wooden house can be made by hand or you can purchase such a box in a specialized hardware store. Modern caissons are made not only from wood, but also from concrete, metal or plastic.

special design and quality materials allow you to make a waterproof and compact cellar.

Plastic caissons are the most popular because they are lightweight, do not require anti-corrosion treatment and are relatively inexpensive.

Also quite common is this type of basement, such as glaciers.

Their popularity is associated with severe weather conditions that prevail in most of our country.

This type of cellar is characterized by the presence of specially prepared ice in it, which helps to keep food fresh throughout almost the entire year.

Their peculiarity lies in the fact that they are able to accumulate cold during the winter months and keep it until the end of summer.

Thus, the products in the glacier do not spoil and all year round stay fresh.

Basement ventilation

The ventilation system of the basement, located directly under the house itself, should be provided for in the original building plan. Ventilation is needed, first of all, in order to keep the room below the ground level dry and prevent the spread of mold.

Such a system is quite simple to mount from ordinary plastic pipes. It will be necessary not only to ensure its circulation (not only outflow, but also supply).

To do this, the opening into which fresh air will flow must be located at a height of at least 50 cm from the floor. The exhaust opening must be located directly under the ceiling. Air outlets facing the street must be equipped with rodent net and other small animals.

Waterproofing and insulation of basements

To protect against precipitation, groundwater and dampness, you will need internal waterproofing basement. The glacier does not need additional insulation except for the one provided by the technology of its manufacture.

For achievement good results experts recommend installing waterproofing in two layers: one from the outside, and the second from the inside. So you can definitely protect your basement from groundwater and simply unnecessary dampness.

If there is a need to remove excess moisture, develop a special drainage system. For this purpose, a special trench can be dug, which will divert water, for example, to the garden. This pipe is installed at a depth equal to the depth of the foundation of your house.

Insulated basements give great opportunity for their arrangement. You can easily make a gym, sauna, billiard room or swimming pool there.. Proper thermal insulation of the basement also allows you to significantly reduce the cost of heating it, prevents the room from freezing and, thus, allows you to load-bearing structures serve you as long as possible.

Quite often carried out together with waterproofing works because insulation and waterproofing are inextricably linked. With properly carried out work, the basement, even in the cold season, will be able to maintain a temperature of up to +10 degrees without special costs for its heating.

Usage modern materials, such as extruded polystyrene foam, allows you to keep warm and at the same time provide natural ventilation air without excessive condensation. This effect is achieved due to the fact that these materials have sealed pores and do not absorb moisture.

In addition, mineral wool and expanded clay are often used for insulation. These materials also have good thermal insulation properties and are relatively inexpensive. Basement floor insulation can also be done using these materials. If you plan to use the premises for leisure activities, take care warm floors. This system will allow you to keep the floor temperature at the right level.

Internal layout

A wooden house with a basement can be called the dream of many of our fellow citizens.

The interior of the basement can be whatever you like and depending on your needs.

If you are going to store vegetables, fruits and preserves there, then you should equip a basement special racks, shelves and drawers. Drawers are usually used wooden, as this one can withstand low temperatures and will not allow the vegetables to freeze or overcook.

Under the ceiling, you can store some household items that you do not use in everyday life. Also, a well-equipped basement can be used as a wardrobe for winter clothes so that it does not take up too much space in the house.

Should lead to the basement comfortable staircase which you can easily walk down. BUT interior layout the room itself should be the way you like it.

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Basement in a wooden house - is it needed?

Many future owners wooden houses they ask us about the need for a basement or cellar in the house.
To accurately plan your budget (and building a basement is an additional cost), read the article - do you really need a basement.
Naturally, the issue with the basement should be considered at the stage of ordering a project for a house, since the design of a foundation with a basement will be very different from a simple pile foundation log house. The basement walls will be the base of the foundation and buried by 2 meters.

This begs the obvious question: what is better to build with a basement and do without it?

Benefits of having a basement. Most of people live in log houses all year round outside the city and use their plots as household plots. Of course it's good to have your own garden from the dacha. And where to store it, except in the basement? It will always be cool in it and your potatoes, apples, marinades, pumpkins will remain fresh until the new year and beyond.

There are people who use the basement not as a cellar, but as a place for sports, they equip it with a gym. Two or three trainers Treadmill, elliptical trainer - all this will fit perfectly in the basement. Dark? Can be scheduled small windows.

Are you into billiards? Perfect solution is to place a pool table in the basement. The only thing you need to worry about is moisture insulation and dryness of this room.

If you wish, you can make a workshop from the basement and do your favorite thing in it. Someone wants to build a gym in the basement of their house from a bar. The basement will guarantee that the floors in the log house will always be warm and dry.

But I plan to build a house from a bar with a basement, get ready for the fact that the cost of the house can double. If you are ready to invest in this amount, then the basement will be a great solution.

Three reasons to abandon the basement

As mentioned above, the cost of a house can grow so much that many will agree with the opinion that a pile foundation is better than a basement.

You will also have to forget about the basement if it is below groundwater. The height of the basement depends on the level of groundwater. And the penetration of water into the basement, which is inevitable when placed below the recommended mark, will lead to the destruction of the foundation and the house. The lifespan of your home will inevitably be shortened. And in central Russia, in the Moscow region, Yaroslavl, Nizhny Novgorod region on household plots often wetlands with large quantity water.

Moisture and mold.


Water will still be present in varying amounts outside your basement. Sooner or later, you will smell mold and fight it, because if you start this problem, the mold will go higher into the house along the walls of the basement. And living in a house with permanent mold is not only not recommended, but life-threatening. By the way, mold can be overlooked for a long time if the basement has poor lighting and is filled with furniture and things. The absence of a draft also affects the humidity of the basement and the spread of fungus.

Home Warranty
3 years!

Dear visitors! The BrusLandiya company informs that when ordering the construction of a house from a bar or a log, you receive the following services absolutely FREE OF CHARGE:

SERVICES FOR FREE:

1. The device on the site of the change house for the brigade (if there are no other options for living).
2. Delivery to the site of materials by own equipment.
3. Unloading and storage of material on the site.
4. Working project at home.
5. Redevelopment of the house for your site, without changing the amount of materials.
6. Technical supervision over the quality of work performed. Warranty 3 years. Warranty service at home.

Information for customers

Types of profiled timber

Profile A- This is a classic type of profile, it has a wide groove, a compensation cut from above and below (it saves the timber from cracks). The beam fits snugly against each other, and in order to prevent the house from shrinking, the crowns are fastened with wooden dowels (dowels). The joints of the timber in the corners of the house are made according to the dovetail principle, which ensures the absence of through cracks in the house.

Profile B- This type of profile, which is often called Finnish or Scandinavian, is the most popular in the construction of timber houses. It has a double lock (which ensures the tightest fit between the crowns), a special saw cut from above and below (it saves the beam from cracking). Jute (a special sealant that is placed between the crowns) helps to provide better thermal insulation. Also, the crowns of the house are fastened with wooden dowels (so that the beam does not lead when it dries out). The beam in the corners of the house is sawn dovetail(so that there are no through cracks in the house). A house made of timber of this profile is very durable, warm and usually serves for many years without repair.

Profile B- If you are choosing between a profiled bar and a log, this profile is a great option, as it has all the advantages of option A, plus it looks like a log on the outside. Jute is placed between the timber (the most the best insulation, better moss and tow many times). And the crowns are additionally fastened with dowels (this wooden sticks for attaching the beam to each other). This fastening ensures even shrinkage of the house.

Underground in modern houses can serve both for laying various communications, and for storing some things. According to technical standards in height, it should be about 60 centimeters, which will allow not only to store a sufficient number of things, but also to move relatively freely in it.

How to make an underground in the house with your own hands? What is needed for this? This will be discussed further.

Waterproofing

During construction extra space Under the house, care must be taken to protect it from water. For this any will do waterproof material, such as plastic film, waterproofing or roofing felt (see photo). From above, the waterproofing material is covered with a small layer, about 10-15 centimeters, of expanded clay and sand. If we talk about cheapness, then in this case it is better to choose polyethylene film but if you want more durable material- preference should be given to roofing material.

Warming

In order to keep the house underground warm, you need to take care of its thermal insulation (see video). As thermal insulation material You can use polystyrene foam mineral wool, polyfoam, isover and many others. They are produced both in rolls and in the form of plates. In order to do the insulation of the subfloor with your own hands over the entire surface of the floor, it is necessary to fix the beams at a distance of about 60 centimeters from each other. Insulating material is laid out between these beams.

In addition to beams, when laying heat-insulating material in the subfloor of a house, pouring the entire floor surface with concrete can be used. True, this method is suitable when using a heater high density. Perhaps the cheapest method of underfloor insulation is laying polystyrene directly on the ground or on plastic wrap, after which it is covered with a small layer of expanded clay, on which, in some cases, boards are placed, which are the floor of the underground. But this method among the masters is considered the most short-lived.

Ventilation

Do not forget about the ventilation of the underground in the house. Forgetting about it means making one of the biggest mistakes when organizing an underground, as this can lead to damage to communications and all the things that are stored there. In order to make ventilation in the underground with your own hands, it is necessary to make small holes in the walls, about 12 centimeters in diameter (see photo), which should open at positive temperatures and close at negative temperatures.