Standard size red brick. Brick

According to GOST, spoons, poke, bed are the names of the planes that form the sides of the brick. This building material has a long history. It was used in their work by ancient masons. Years passed, production technologies improved, new types of bricks appeared, but their traditional sizes remained practically unchanged.

The aspect ratio of this material is 1:1/2:1/4. Its proportional dimensions make it possible to provide the necessary strength of the masonry, and is also important. The dimensions of the bricks tied to the standards make it easy to calculate their number for the construction of a particular structure.

Brick dimensions according to GOST - height, length and width

Modern construction does not stand still. With the growth of requirements for the construction of houses, the range of brick sizes has also expanded:

• Single- 250x120x65 mm (fixed by GOST 530-2007). According to the European marking, they have the designation RF.
• Double- 250x120x138 mm.
• One and a half- 250x120x88 mm.
• Modular- 280x130x80 mm.
• Euro bricks h - 250x85x65 mm.

The most popular bricks in Europe are NF (normal) - 240x115x71 and DF (thin) - 240x115x52, less common sizes - 250x85x65 mm and 200x100x50 (65). Today you can buy material up to 500 mm long. Every year the choice of standard sizes grows.

By shape, bricks are divided into:

• corpulent,
• hollow (slit)

However, in addition to the basic dimensions, such as height, length and width, permits for deviations from the norm (defects) are also used. Their size depends on the type of building material - building or facing. More stringent requirements are imposed on the latter, since the aesthetics of the building depend on its characteristics.

For building solid bricks it is allowed:

• The presence of dullness and chips of ribs and corners no more than 2 and no more than 1.5 cm in size along the length of the rib;
• Curvature of faces and edges up to 0.3 cm;
• On the side longitudinal (spoon) faces, a crack up to 3 cm long along the width of the brick is allowed.

For the building hollow option, it is allowed:

• No more than 2 bruises at the corners or ribs 1-1.5 cm long, provided that they do not reach the voids;
• Full thickness cracks on the bed. In width, they can reach the first row of voids;
• One crack each on bonder and spoon (transverse side) faces.

For facing bricks it is not allowed:

• Chipped corners, the depth of which exceeds 1.5 cm;
• The presence of cracks;
• Broken ribs, the width of which is more than 0.3 cm, and the length exceeds 1.5 cm.

In this case, a facing material is considered suitable for work, having:

• No more than 1 broken corners up to 1.5 cm deep;
• Department of handwriting, which in total does not exceed the length of 4 cm;
• No more than 1 broken ribs, in depth - not exceeding 3 cm, and in length - not more than 1.5 cm.

Architectural design often involves the use of different textures and colors. Modern choice of building materials is almost limitless. If desired, artificially aged, colorful and textural options can be combined in masonry without compromising the durability of the house.

One and a half and double bricks are produced mainly hollow. This reduces the weight of the structure.

The most popular in modern construction are porous large-sized blocks. Ceramic brick is lighter and warmer than the usual building option. Its use allows you to simplify and speed up construction, while reducing the consumption of masonry composition.

For laying 1 m 3, 512 single-type bricks will be required, and one-and-a-half bricks are 26% more - 378 pieces.

Red, silicate and facing bricks - dimensions and purpose

According to the type of material are divided into:

• Red (ceramic).

This type of building materials is obtained by firing briquettes from pressed clay. This is a versatile material. It is widely used in the construction of foundations, wall structures, partitions, fences, laying furnaces. Solid red brick comes in the following grades - 300, 250, 200, 150, 120, 100, 75. The grade indicates how much pressure the brick can withstand (kg / cm 2). The weight of 1 cubic meter of this material is 1700 kg (480 pieces).

• White (silicate).

It is produced on a silicate basis. Compared to red brick, it is a softer and lighter material with lower strength than its red counterpart. In addition, the silicate version is inferior to the red one in versatility. It can only be used in the construction of walls and partitions. It is not recommended to use white brick as a material for the foundation and plinth, for laying fireplaces and stoves.

By appointment:

• Private.

A brick that provides the performance characteristics of the masonry.

• Clinker.

It is characterized by low water absorption and high strength, which ensures proper masonry performance even in highly aggressive environments. Clinker brick perfectly copes with the functions of a decorative material.

• Chamotte (refractory).

For domestic purposes, the refractory fireclay version is most often used, which is marked "Sh". For example, W-5 has dimensions of 230x114x65 mm, W-6 - 230x115x40 mm, W-8 - 250x124x65 mm.

• Facing.

Facing brick can be chopped, smooth, imitating wild camel. Below are the main dimensions:

• 290x140x85 mm;
• 250x85x65 mm;
• 250x120x88 mm;
• 250x80x65 mm;
• 250x60x65 mm;
• 250x120x65 mm.

In addition to rectangular bricks, they can be wedge-shaped. This type of building materials is used in the laying of vaults and semicircular arches of different curvature radii. End wedge Sh-22 has dimensions of 230x114x65/55 mm, and for example end wedge Sh-45 - 230x114xx65/45 mm.

The use of decorative (facing) bricks allows you to perform flawless laying of external walls, as well as to produce interior decoration. When using facing bricks for interior walls, special attention should be paid to stitching seams.

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Often, land owners are faced with the problem of construction. And the right choice of building material plays a big role in this matter. The most common in this sense is red brick, which is suitable for the construction of most different structures. What do you need to know to correctly calculate the amount of building material? Of course, these are the dimensions of the red brick, as well as the purpose of its various types. This is what we are going to look into now. And to begin with, it is worth clarifying general information on such material.

Ordinary full-bodied red brick - it is packaged on such pallets

There are several types of this building material, depending on the area of ​​​​its application. He might be:

• Regular corpulent;
• Facing;
• Furnace;
• For the foundation.

If we talk about the methods and materials used in its manufacture, then they are fundamentally different. But still, there are similarities. For example, red solid brick, like all others, is ceramic, while white is silicate. The standard dimensions of an ordinary brick are 250 × 120 × 65 mm. As for the other varieties, we will talk about them a little lower.

Someone may say that the size information is superfluous, but this would be a big mistake. Indeed, during construction, these data are necessary for an accurate calculation of the material consumption for a particular structure.

First you need to understand that this building material, like any other product, must be checked upon purchase. Indeed, not only the beauty and aesthetics of the structure, but also the safety of those living in it or using it depend on its quality. In addition, both the convenience of work and the quality of the final result depend on the choice of the size and shape of the product. Here we will talk about the types of these materials now.

Red brick - dimensions and markings of this building material

In this section, we will consider in detail the sizes of certain types, and also try to understand which one is applicable for what and whether interchangeability of one type with another is possible. We have already mentioned the sizes of ordinary red bricks, but only superficially. Based on its popularity, it makes sense to dwell on this issue in more detail.

There are two ways to manufacture such products - this is the method of semi-dry and plastic formation. Let's try to consider each of them.

plastic forming method is as follows. Clay is prepared, stones are removed from it, after which it is steamed to the state of plasticine. Further, with the help of a special machine, it is cut into blanks, which are slightly larger than the dimensions of red brick, because. during the drying process, the material shrinks slightly. After that, the blanks are dried. At the same time, it is important to comply with the technology, otherwise the product will crack and will be unsuitable for construction. The last step is firing at high temperatures.

With semi-dry shaping moistened clay is ground into powder and rammed into molds, which are immediately sent to the kiln for firing. Thus, the drying process is eliminated.

Important information! When purchasing such a building material, you should pay attention to the absence or presence of cracks. If there are quite a lot of them, then the manufacturing technology was not followed. The color is also important. If it is too light, the product was not burned, and if it has a black tint, then it was burned. Both are unacceptable and it is not worth acquiring such a building material.

The marking, which is designated as M-100, M-125, M-150, M-200, M-250 or M-500, is also of great importance. To make it clearer, you need to clarify. The number after the letter "M" indicates the maximum pressure in kg / cm 2 that the building material can withstand. This means that the M-250, for example, can withstand a pressure of 250 kg / cm 2.

Dimensions of standard red brick and the difference in dimensions

It should be noted here that the manufacturer offers three subspecies of such material, both solid and hollow. This:

• Single, with a size of 250×120×65 mm;
• One and a half. Slightly wider than the previous version. Its dimensions are 250×120×88 mm;
• Double- the width of this brick is even larger, and is 250 × 120 × 138 mm.

There are other varieties, but in our country they are less in demand. This does not apply to figured facing products, which may not have a specific shape at all. The height of a red brick is always the same. This is done for the convenience of combining its types during construction, as well as facing.

Important advice! Despite the similar dimensions of a solid red brick and its hollow appearance, in no case should load-bearing walls be erected from the second one, on which the load will be carried out, because. it has less strength and is not designed for this.

Red facing brick - sizes, varieties and features

Here, attention should already be paid to smoother, sometimes even glazed walls (facets). Moreover, such material will not necessarily have the shape of a rectangle - it can also be figured. Although there is a kind of facing brick with "broken", as if torn edges.

The peculiarity of such a material is a structure that is more resistant to temperature extremes and weather phenomena. But it should be noted that this stability is inherent only to the outer faces. Its working surfaces(those on which the solution is applied) are not protected from this. That is why it is of great importance to refine and grout the joints with a solution at the end of the work.

Important information! If you sell cheap and purchase low-quality facing material, there is a possibility of chipping already in the second year of operation. That is why you should be especially careful when choosing it.

The sizes of facing bricks differ from full-bodied ones. They can be either single or half. Also on the building materials market there are products with a width of ¾. The rest of the dimensions of a single facing brick or other types are the same with a full-bodied variant.

Dimensions of kiln red brick and its features

A feature of this building material is its resistance to high temperatures. It is also distinguished by low thermal conductivity, which determines its characteristics, which are ideal for stoves and fireplaces.

As for the price of a red stove brick, its range is quite wide and ranges from 20 to 1000 rubles. for 1 piece but we will talk about comparing the cost of one or another type a little later. Now it is important to understand what material is best to choose for a home stove or fireplace. Particular attention should be paid to the brand - it should be designated as M-250 or even M-500.

Important! Although the cost increases with the increase in the brand of the product, it is not worth saving on this. After all, if you purchase a fairly cheap material of lower grades, you may encounter a situation in which you will have to shift the furnace in a few years, and this process is many times more complicated than installing a new one.

The sizes of kiln bricks can be of two types:

• 250×120×65- standard, identical with full-bodied;
• 250×85×65- a few already standard.

The size of the red brick for the foundation - the main differences

The dimensions of an ordinary red brick are the same as those of a full-bodied one and, in fact, they are identical. The only thing that can be said about their differences is that a solid brick can be both stove and facing, while an ordinary brick is used only for plinths, foundations and internal partitions in rooms. Also, its main difference is in strength and unpresentable appearance. That is why such masonry is subsequently closed with plaster, facing materials, etc.

The dimensions of the basement red brick rarely matter, but there is proximity to the standards. The fact is that it can be quite uneven, which determines its low cost.

And yet, for any work, a preliminary calculation of the amount of material required is necessary. In this case, you can either calculate this parameter yourself or use the program.

Online masonry calculator - an easier way to plan

Brickwork calculator online

0.5 bricks - 120 mm, 1 brick - 250 mm, 1.5 bricks - 380 mm, 2 bricks - 510 mm, 2.5 bricks - 640 mm, 3 bricks - 770 mm

The sum of the widths of all window openings

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The sum of the widths of all doorways

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Enter the required coefficient, the results will be displayed with this margin.

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How much does a red brick weigh, depending on the purpose

The weight of a red brick depends on many parameters. That is why it is worth organizing the data by combining them into a small table for a more convenient concept. For example, let's take the weight of a solid red brick 250 × 120 × 65 and compare it with other types of the same size.

Table 1. Types of bricks

Thus, we can conclude that the facing brick weighs much less than the rest. Although, in comparison, this parameter does not differ much, nevertheless, when building a wall, the load on the lower rows will be significantly different. After all, if you take into account how much a red solid brick weighs and multiply this value by the amount used in the construction, for example, of a partition, you can approximately estimate the pressure on the bottom row.

Important! When purchasing this material, you should pay special attention to the mass of the product. After all, if a full-bodied red brick 250 × 120 × 65 weighs less than 3.3 kg, then its strength will be lower, which is unacceptable for the load-bearing parts of the building.

Separately, it is worth paying attention to how much the oven brick weighs. The fact is that this material is the heaviest precisely due to special additives and the method of its manufacture. The average weight of a standard product is 4.2 kg. His choice deserves special attention as well.

Expert advice! When purchasing material for the furnace, you should have a small hammer with you. With a sharp blow to the product, a ringing sound should be heard. If it is deaf, then such a stove brick does not deserve attention. Also, there is always a battle of products. You need to look at the break. The composition should be homogeneous without extraneous inclusions and stains.

How many bricks are in the pallet - red brick facing, solid and stove

It is clear that the total mass of the pallet also depends on the weight of one red brick. But, as it turned out, the number of units that are stacked on a pallet also depends on the type of product. Let's try to summarize the information available on this topic, and then analyze it in more detail.

Table 2. Types of red brick

Type of brick	Image	Number of units per pallet	Total pallet weight, kg
regular corpulent		200-400	660-1440
Ordinary hollow		352-444	810-1100
Hollow facing		480	634-662
Furnace heat resistant		330-360	1386-1512

So, having figured out how many pieces of red brick are in a pallet, you can also calculate how many pallets will need to be purchased for a particular building. All this can help in the calculations in order not to overpay for extra material. But there is another parameter that you need to know. This is how much red brick is in 1 m 3. These are the average data.

Table 3. The amount of red brick in 1 m 3

Thus, knowing all these data, it is possible to accurately calculate not only how much a pallet of red brick weighs, but also calculate the required amount for construction.

Important! Do not underestimate the weight-to-pallet ratio. After all, this is a direct indication of the quality of the products of a particular manufacturer. It should also be understood that, for example, the facing material is resistant to weather phenomena only from the end sides. That is why its surplus, which has lain for at least one winter in the open air, will be unusable. Such a product will begin to collapse very quickly, nullifying all efforts.

As for the cost of various types and brands, we will also provide a similar review now.

Various red bricks: price per piece of a particular brand and type

As for the cost of red brick per piece, it also depends on the brand, type and quality of the product.

Table 4. Average cost of a brick

Size and appearance	Image	M-150, rub.	M-200, rub.	M-250, rub.
Private single		15	16	18
Private one and a half		16	17	19
Private double		17	18	21
Facing single		16	21	43
Facing half		9	13	25
Furnace standard		59	67	107
Furnace reduced		40	51	72

Approximately so the cost of similar products is distributed. Of course, the price of red solid brick per piece may differ from those presented in the table, depending on the manufacturer and manufacturing technologies. However, it should be remembered that too low a cost may be a consequence of a violation of the production process. This entails a decrease in frost resistance, strength and other parameters. And therefore, looking at how much a red brick costs, you can roughly determine its quality. But it makes sense to clarify that you still need to check the product.

For finishing work, you need to choose the material based on your preferences. At the same time, it is necessary to understand that how much a facing red brick costs will depend not only on its quality, but also on its shape. Such products today are quite diverse.

The front material can be used without rough masonry. For example, when building a fence around the site, such a brick will look pretty good. Given the lack of a large load on it, its use with small nuances is quite acceptable. As you know, first the columns of the fence are erected, and only after that the partitions are built. It must be understood that during construction, reinforcement with a metal mesh is necessary every 2-3 rows. Through the same distances, it is necessary to drive into the column and pieces of reinforcement, with the help of which the partition will be fastened to the bearing part.

Article

The size of a brick is an important parameter that determines the features of its use. All technical requirements for building elements of this type are specified in the interstate standard 530-2012 “Ceramic brick and stone. General technical conditions". Standardization of brick sizes allows the use of materials from different manufacturers, without fear that individual fragments of building structures will differ from each other.

For different types of bricks, there is a size for height, width and length.

What determines the size of the bricks

For a long time, in the territory of actively developing countries of the world, the production of bricks was carried out exclusively by hand. Often this type of activity was closely tied to the season, since the clay mass from which this building material was made needed a sufficient amount of solar heat to acquire good hardness. With the beginning of the technical revolution, which peaked in the 19th and early 20th centuries, the technology for making bricks underwent dramatic changes: a belt conveyor appeared that was capable of supplying a mixture of water, clay and sand to molds, a hydraulic press used to mold products, and circular kilns for firing . This intensification of production made it possible to minimize the use of manual labor, but required the development of a universally binding standard regarding the dimensions and properties of building blocks.

In 1927, the first state standard was adopted in Russia, which determined the linear dimensions of bricks. This made it possible to unify production, introduce quality control and increase the functionality of the developing industry. Almost 90 years have passed since then, but the general requirements for the parameters of building elements have not changed much.

The base size, from which the parameters of building blocks are calculated, is regulated by the GOST 530-2012 regulatory document and is 250x120x65 mm. Bricks of this type have the symbol "NF" - a normal format (Fig. 1). There are many alternative derivatives of the normal format - these are the so-called one-and-a-half, double, modular and Euroform bricks. The above State Standard classifies ceramic blocks as follows:

• 0.5 NF - 250x60x65 mm;
• 0.7 NF - 250x85x65 mm;
• 0.8 NF - 250x120x55 mm;
• 1.0 NF - 250x120x65 mm;
• 1.3 NF - 288x138x65 mm;
• 1.4 NF - 250x120x88 mm;
• 1.8 NF - 288x138x88 mm.

In addition, there is a fairly popular variety of brick blocks, the parameters of which are not regulated by the requirements of the current standard - this is the so-called double brick, corresponding to the dimensions of 2.1 NF (250x120x140 mm).

The internal structure of building stones can be completely monolithic or have perpendicular or longitudinal voids, while their linear dimensions remain the same. The volume of air that is inside the voids allows you to increase the thermal insulation properties of bricks, reduce their weight and increase the resistance to mechanical deformations.

Using brick sizes in choosing the type of masonry

Experienced masons are able to practically "by eye" determine the required number of blocks to create a wall of a certain height. In this case, the climatic conditions of the area, the presence of thermal insulation, features of the foundation and other parameters are necessarily taken into account. Standard brick sizes are selected in such a way as to provide the most convenient way for such calculations. In addition, it is necessary to take into account that the bricks do not fit tightly to each other - a gap of 5-10 mm must be observed between them, which will subsequently be filled with mortar.

European requirements for the linear parameters of brick blocks are more loyal: Western designers and architects are of the fair opinion that fragments of different lengths and widths can be used to create an elegant pattern of building structures that will most harmoniously fit into the look of ancient cities. As for domestic standards, they are traditionally aimed at the most efficient use of production capacity.

Bricks of non-standard sizes

The high popularity of modern materials - gas silicate blocks and foam concrete blocks - is caused by a natural desire to reduce the cost of construction and reduce the load on the foundation. The main disadvantage of such elements is an unpretentious appearance, which requires subsequent decorative finishing. In order to decorate block walls, bricks of non-standard sizes are often used - with a small thickness, they make it possible to complete the house, creating the illusion of a completely brick structure.

Bricks of this type are about half as thick as standard format stones. Their outer surface can be perfectly flat or decorated with relief elements. Until recently, during construction, it was necessary to independently cut out individual elements, which entailed additional time and cost. Now, following market conditions, building materials companies have begun supplying custom-sized bricks for finishing work.

Foreign-made ceramic blocks should also be singled out as a separate group - their parameters can differ quite a lot from domestic standards. The calculation of the consumption of such bricks should be carried out, guided by information from the manufacturer.

Conclusion

During construction work, it is imperative to take into account the parameters of the brick used, the standard of which is determined by the requirements of GOST 530-2012.

This will allow the most efficient use of material resources and minimize financial losses.

Red brick is the safety and durability of the building, the ability to build a building in any architectural concept, the convenience and cost-effectiveness of the construction process. This material is especially in demand in private housing construction during the construction of houses, fences, garages and other auxiliary buildings. The developer, knowing the size of the red brick, only needs to correctly calculate its amount needed for the construction of the facility.

Red brick dimensions: length - 250, width - 120 and height 65 mm.

Formats and sizes of bricks

In the course of the development of brick production, a standard size of red brick was formed in Russia - 250x120x65 mm, where 250 mm is the length of the product, 120 mm is its width and 65 mm is its height. These sizes are supplemented with the letters NF (normal format). The accepted aspect ratio of the product not only turned out to be the most acceptable when building a wall, when it is necessary to alternate the longitudinal and transverse arrangement of the bars, but also to use bricks from different manufacturers on one object. In the future, the size of the red ordinary brick became derivative to create new product formats that differ only in height.

The size of a red ordinary brick depends on its type.

Brick format 1.4 NF, with a size of 250X120X88 mm, was called "one and a half" or thickened, and brick format 2.1 NF, and with dimensions 250X120X138 mm is called "double". Please note that although the thickened brick is called one-and-a-half and double, red brick, the height dimensions of the one-and-a-half and double format do not increase by 1.5 and 2 times. This is important to take into account when calculating the amount of bricks required to complete construction tasks at a particular site or object. There are also less common red brick formats - 0.7 NF (250x85x65 mm) and 1.3 NF (288x138x65 mm). They are models of the so-called "Euro format", and are used for the original design of buildings, for example, when repairing old mansions or creating a unique ornament on the facade of a building.

Brick modification

Brick red single, height size 65 mm, in practice it is also called "construction". Samples of the model range differ from each other in strength (M 75 - M 300), frost resistance (F15 - F 50) and moisture resistance. Laying stones, no matter what size of red brick is made on a hard mortar (cement-sand or lime). Moreover, the solution is spread: either with full filling of the seams, or with an indent from the front surface of the wall by 10 - 15 mm for subsequent jointing.

Brick red ordinary size: single - 250x120x65 mm, one and a half - 250x120x88 mm, double - 250x120x140 mm.

Brick red full-bodied, the size of which allows you to conveniently take it in your hand, and lay it when building a wall (column) is smooth and with a notch. On the walls of brick with a notch, the plaster mortar perfectly fits and holds. The size of a solid red brick was taken as the basis for the manufacture of hollow (slotted) bricks - single (h=65 mm) and one and a half (h=88 mm). Lighter than full-bodied samples, they have excellent thermal insulation properties. Hollow brick models are used in the construction of walls and partitions, for which the strength standards are lowered, but the requirements for thermal insulation and frost resistance are increased.

The size of a solid red brick: length - 250, width - 120 and height 65 mm

Facing and stove red brick

According to the production technology and purpose, the masonry material is divided into: ordinary red brick, the size of which corresponds to the NF facing format. Repair of facades, in the design of which red facing brick was used, is very rarely required. This indicates the high quality of the product and its excellent compatibility with other building materials. This compatibility is also facilitated by the fact that the red facing brick has dimensions identical to an ordinary masonry bar - 250x120x65 mm. And the attractive appearance of red samples is already their undeniable advantage. Therefore, designers, given the size of facing red brick, often use it in the design of interiors of cottages, office and shopping and entertainment centers.

Brick is available in different shades of red. The color of the facing brick depends not only on the type of clay, but also on the pigments added to the blank mass. A subspecies of baked clay bars is kiln brick, used in the construction of stoves, fireplaces, chimneys. The dimensions of the kiln red brick correspond to the standard format: 250x120x65 mm. It is a refractory material that does not collapse at very high temperatures and retains heat very well. True, it costs a little more than ordinary building bricks. In cases where the design of the stove or fireplace partially fills the body of the wall, and the dimensions of the single red brick coincide with the dimensions of the stove samples, the ordering of the masonry and the wall and the stove (chimney, fireplace) are in the same horizontal plane.

The choice of a red brick model depends on the purpose of the structure or object for the construction of which it is purchased. A competent, economically justified choice of the size, shape and structure of bricks will help the developer optimize construction costs and purchase material without overpaying for surpluses.

When ordering materials, you need to know their parameters. Even such a well-known material as brick has a large number of types and varieties. The good news is that its parameters are standardized. The standard brick size and its qualitative characteristics are determined.

Types of building bricks

According to the material, the brick is ceramic (clay, red) and silicate (white). By appointment - ordinary (construction) and finishing (facade). An ordinary one is used for laying walls, it involves subsequent finishing, therefore a notch can be applied to the side faces (spoons) - in order for the plaster to hold better.

Types of bricks - ordinary and special

According to the method of molding, the brick is corpulent and hollow (hollow). Full-bodied is molded from a homogeneous composition. They are used where mechanical strength is important - foundations, load-bearing walls.

Hollow has a certain percentage of voids, due to which the weight of the structure is reduced, and thermal conductivity characteristics are improved. But the presence of voids significantly reduces sound insulation performance - voids work as resonators. So you have to use them wisely.

Ceramic brick size

Ceramic bricks are fired parallelepipeds molded from clay. Quality is largely determined by properly maintained firing parameters, as well as the composition of the clay solution. High-quality ceramic bricks can be used for any construction operation: for the construction of the foundation (solid), the construction of external walls and internal partitions.

Building bricks have certain dimensions defined by standards. The most commonly used single brick size is 250 * 120 * 65 mm

The main disadvantage of this building material is some variation in geometry. It is explained by the peculiarities of clay - it can be of different "fat content", which makes it difficult to accurately predict how much the size will decrease during drying / firing.

What to look for when choosing

When choosing a red brick, you should pay attention to its color. It displays the quality of the batch along with a parameter such as brick size. It is unburnt or burnt. The second option is not bad in operation (it looks darker than usual), and it is better not to use unburned brick (lighter and looser) at all - it falls apart very quickly.

The second point that you need to pay attention to is the absence of extraneous inclusions. Most often there are light points and expanded clay. Both lead to the rapid destruction of the brick. So we choose only batches with a uniform color without any additives.

More quality criteria

That is, the requirements for ordinary building bricks are quite loyal. The presence of these defects does not affect the quality of the masonry, and the decorative component is unimportant, since it is assumed that there is a finish. Do not forget to check the size of the brick - in one batch, the run-up should not be more than 3 mm.

The requirements for finishing (facing) ceramic bricks are more stringent. Invalid:

• Chips of edges with a depth of more than 1.5 cm.
• There should be no cracks.
• The ribs should not have bruises more than 3 mm wide and more than 1.5 cm long.

To meet these requirements, finishing bricks are laid on pallets, the corners are protected with boards knocked down at an angle, the entire structure is wrapped with a film. It is transported in this way.

Dimensions

The optimal size of a clay brick (red, ceramic) was determined historically. It has been produced for thousands of years, as a result, the ideal combination of lengths has been worked out, which is reflected in the standard. It was adopted only in the last century. There are three standard options available:

Of the features - a single brick is full-bodied, hollow. One and a half and double - only hollow, otherwise they turn out to be too heavy for comfortable work.

In addition to the standard ones, there is a reduced brick. It is produced in Europe, but it also comes to us. Its parameters and international designation are summarized in the table.

What size is better

In the post-Soviet space, a single brick is most often used. It is very familiar to our eyes; many masonry schemes have been developed for it. It is worth learning from such material.

One and a half bricks are used less often. It provides some economic benefit. Firstly, a cubic meter costs a little lower. Secondly, since the masonry fragments are larger, less mortar is consumed. Thirdly, work goes faster. Time is saved due to the larger size. But it is more difficult to work with a brick and a half, even if it is hollow - it is hard to hold in your hand. And the appearance of the wall is unusual.

Double brick is more often called ceramic building stone. When using it, the most tangible effect is the speed of construction. In addition, the solution savings are also increased. But it will not work to grab such a brick with one hand. Therefore, it is better to work with an assistant. The appearance of the masonry leaves much to be desired, so an exterior finish is desirable.

If we talk about other countries, then in Europe the most popular ones are NF and DF. Imported ceramic brick NF has almost the same proportions as the domestic one. Category DF - thinner, masonry looks elegant.

Silicate brick dimensions

Silicate brick is made from quartz sand (9 parts) and lime (1 part), a certain amount of additives. This building material has better thermal conductivity characteristics (conducts heat worse), less weight. The technology is such that it is easier to maintain geometric dimensions, so there are usually no problems.

But it is not as hard as red brick, besides it is afraid of moisture - with prolonged contact with moisture, it begins to crumble. Because of this, the main area of ​​\u200b\u200buse is for the construction of walls and partitions. Neither for the foundation, nor for the basement floor, nor for laying the chimney, it can not be used.

The second area of ​​application is as a finishing material. The base composition has a white, slightly grayish color. You can add any dye to it and get a colored brick.

The dimensions of the building silicate brick are the same as those of the ceramic one: single has a height of 65 mm, one and a half - 88 mm, double - 138 mm.

Single and one-and-a-half silicate bricks can be solid and hollow. Single corpulent weighs 3.6 kg, hollow - depending on the size of the voids 1.8-2.2 kg. A full-bodied one and a half has a mass of 4.9 kg, and a hollow one - 4.0-4.3 kg.

Double silicate brick is usually made hollow. Its weight is 6.7 kg. Full-bodied are rare - because of the large mass (7.7 kg), it is difficult to work with them.

Weight of one piece: ceramic, silicate, ordinary, facial

The weight of the brick is needed firstly, to calculate the foundation, this parameter is especially important when; secondly, for cargo transportation; and thirdly, to determine the quality and compliance with the requirements of GOST.

In addition to standard-sized bricks, there are a large number of lightweight finishing bricks. For example, there is a silicate one and a half, which weighs only a little more than a standard single - 4.1-5.0 kg.

There is the so-called "American" - with a standard single size and a weight of only 2.5 kg. Lightweight versions can be used in case of lack of foundation bearing capacity. Although, it is better to use a lighter finish - facade slabs, for example.

Fireclay brick parameters

For the construction of stoves, fireplaces in the zone of contact with fire, a special fire-resistant brick is used. In its production, a special grade of clay is used - fireclay. Therefore, such a brick is also called fireclay. The production process is the same as building red bricks - shaping, drying, firing in a kiln. But, due to the special properties of fireclay, the resulting building material can easily withstand prolonged contact with open fire. In everyday life, two brands of general-purpose refractory bricks are used - ShA and ShB. ShA can withstand temperatures up to 1690°C, ShB - up to 1650°C, all other parameters are identical. Therefore, they have the same scope - this is the molding of fireboxes for fireplaces and stoves.

The size of the refractory brick is to be coded in the number after the abbreviation:

• ShB-5, ShA 5 - 230 * 114 * 65 mm;
• ShB-6, ShA 6, ShA 14 - 230 * 114 * 40 mm (bream);
• ShB-8, ShA 8 - 250*125*65 mm;
• ShB-9, ShA 9 - 300 * 150-65 mm;

Most often, they use ShA 8 or ShB 8. They coincide in length and thickness with the ceramic red brick from which the rest of the furnace is laid. There is also a wedge-shaped refractory brick - to form the vaults of the firebox and smooth curves in the horizontal plane.

There are two types of wedge refractory bricks:

This is not all sizes and types of fireclay bricks. You will find more in GOST 8691-73.

Clinker brick

Clinker brick is another special type of ceramic brick. In its manufacture, a special type of clay is used - refractory slate. The molded blocks are fired at a very high temperature of 1200°C. As a result of this processing, the clay acquires the properties of ceramics, the color - from dark red to rich brown.

Clinker bricks have very high strength and abrasion resistance. From it you can pave roads, finish the porch. And they will serve for centuries. The surface of the clinker is even, smooth, shiny. That allows you to use it also as a finishing brick - for finishing facades, etc.

The shape and size of clinker bricks can be very different - there are a lot of them, since there are not only standard ones - in the form of a parallelepiped, but also with rounded edges beveled at different angles.