The use of modern materials in design. New materials in interior decoration and design
It is generally accepted that innovation is the main engine of the current success of any enterprise. The concept of "innovation" means: "change, change, renewal, introduction of the new"18. And indeed, our whole world, in essence, is constantly in the process of continuous change and renewal. Industry looks to the process of innovation as a driver of growth and prosperity. Often the terms "design" and "innovation"
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used as interdependent. Perhaps because both of them have a certain degree of ambiguity, are used in a broad sense and are synonymous with the concept of creativity19. In fact, the connection between design and innovation is not so simple, and therefore, in order to understand it, it is necessary to clarify the meaning of each of the terms.
Since the innovation process means change, innovation can take place in any context. West and Farr, in their book on innovation at work, define it as: “the intentional introduction and application within the activities of a person, group, or organization of new ideas, processes, products, or procedures designed to bring significant benefit to a person, group, organization or society." Thus, in a production context, it is fair to talk about, for example, process innovations, managerial, market, technological innovations, etc.
Previously, all of these types were classified as industrial technological innovations. Freeman defines innovation as a process that consists of the technological, design, manufacturing, managerial, and commercial activities required to bring a new (or improved) product to market or to introduce a new (or improved) product. production process or equipment (Figure 2.2)21.
Many definitions of innovation indicate a close relationship between innovation and the product development process. Figure 2.3 illustrates how different types of innovation can occur in various stages new product development. Jones
Figure 2.2 Innovation relationship
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distinguishes two types of innovation - revolutionary and phased22. Incremental (otherwise - low innovation) level means the gradual improvement of the product through a series of steps or development various options one product. Revolutionary (radical) innovations are leaps or significant changes, often requiring concomitant major changes in the organization itself or in its work in order to adapt it for successful implementation of innovations23. Thus, disruptive or incremental innovations can impact every step of the product design and development process.
Often, the design process plays a central role in the process of product or technology innovation, and also contributes to process or market innovation. For example, the Cambridge Display Technology Company has developed light-emitting polymers which, if used in TV production, would mean that the TV screen could be bent and/or given any biomorphic* shape. AT electronic appliances screens made of such polymers could completely replace traditional ones:
BIOMORPHISM IS THE NEWEST STYLE IN THE DESIGN OF THE XXI CENTURY. PROPOSED AS THE MOST COMFORTABLE AND ERGONOMIC STYLE FOR SHAPING THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT. CAME TO REPLACE CONSTRUCTIVISM. APPOLOGUES OF THIS STYLE DRAW THEIR INSPIRATION FROM NATURE, BORROWING FROM HERE NATURAL Streamlined Forms AND RATIONALLY INTRODUCING THEM INTO ARCHITECTURE. - PRIM. TRANSLATOR.
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THE REVOLUTIONARY TYPE OF PLASTIC ALLOWS TO CREATE MYRIADS OF ORIGINAL FORMS AND MONITORS ONE MILLIMETER THICK, BUT MORE LIGHT AND STRONG THAN THEIR PRE-SHAPED GLASS. DEPOSITION OF A THIN FILM OF ELECTRODES
ON PLASTIC CAUSES THE SCREEN TO BE LIGHT-REFLECTIVE. SIMILAR POLYMERS ARE ALREADY USED FOR MOBILE PHONE AND PDA DISPLAY SCREEN BY COMPANIES LIKE PHILIPS AND SEIKO EPSON. MORE FURTHER, CAMBRIDGE DISPLAY TECHNOLOGY COMPANY BELIEVE THAT “THIS TECHNOLOGY IS POSSIBLE TO REPLACE PAPER TOTALLY. IT IS NOT ONLY EXTREMELY THIN AND FLEXIBLE, BUT IT IS STILL EASY TO UPGRADE. SEND INFORMATION”24.
Thus, since the designers of Philips and other companies use this invention in the process of product design and development, it will only lead to product innovation. Developing possible options By using this material, designers can contribute to market or manufacturing process innovations, such as developing new ways to produce existing products.
The concept of design as a central element of technology. logical innovation can be illustrated by analogy with the version proposed by Roy and Bruce in the model showing the role of design and development (Fig. 2.4). The range of application of design in organizations and the development of new products is much wider than is commonly believed. The book Winning by Design argues that while inventions and innovations involve technical progress existing state of the art in a particular field, the outcome of the design process is usually the creation of variants within that state of the art. “Sometimes design does not lead to technological changes at all, but simply to the appearance of a product with new characteristics - a different shape, in a different style, with a different pattern or finish, for example“ new design chair or car body shape”25.
So, Piater called the design fashion clothes creation of non-innovative novelties26. An example of this is the spring/summer-98 collection of Issy Miyake, a fashion designer who,
COLLECTING THE IDEA OF THE MANUFACTURERS OF STOCKINGS, I DESIGNED SEVERAL BASIC CLOTHES MADE LIKE GARLAND FROM PAPER CUT DOLLS - EACH PREVIOUS CONNECTED WITH THE SUBSEQUENT. PATTERN ELEMENTS WERE SEPARATED FROM EACH
FROM A FRIEND, BUT THE SEAMS REMAINED UNFINISHED AND THEY COULD BE
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Source: R. Roy and M. Bruce. “Product design, innovation and competition in British manufacturing - background, aims and methods / R. Roy, M. Bruce // Working Paper WP -02 - Milton Keynes: Design Innovation Group, Open University, 1984).
Figure 2.4. process technological or industrial innovation and the role of design and development
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Figure 2.5. Relationship between design and innovation
CUT ACCORDING TO THE PROPOSED PERFORATION LINES AND DUE TO THIS, VARY THE SHAPE OF THE SLEEVE, CUT AND LENGTH. SUCCESSFULLY NAMED JUST BEFORE, THE COLLECTION HAS BEEN INTENDEDLY INCOMPLETE IN THE CLOTHING PRODUCTION PROCESS. THE OWNER OF SUCH CLOTHES BECAME AN INTEGRAL PART OF THE CREATION PROCESS. In the words of NANCY KNOX, REPRESENTATIVE ISSI MIYAKE, “THE ALL IS ABOUT ALLOWING A WOMAN TO CHOOSE THE OPTION THAT SHE LIKE BEST AND THEN THE PART OF HER OWN PERSONALITY IS REFLECTED IN THE CLOTHES. ALTHOUGH ALL THE ELEMENTS OF THE PATTERN ARE CUT FROM A SINGLE PIECE OF FABRIC, THE RESULT HAS NOTHING TO DO WITH CUTTING THE COOKIES WITH A CUTTER»27.
In this way, design and innovation complement each other: design is not only central element technological and product innovation, but also has an even broader impact on the product. On the other hand, the coverage of management areas in which innovations can be applied is much wider. In essence, together design and innovation are driving force any successful enterprise (Fig. 2.5). We are all well aware of examples of such interaction: cyclone vacuum cleaner Dyson (James Dyson, 1980s), [Mae (Jonathan Ivey, 1998), first steel tube chair (Mies van der Rohe, 1930), London Underground map (Henry Beck, 1933). We can say that this interaction of innovation leads to the creation of new value through the birth of new products.
Brand Experience Design
As discussed earlier in this chapter, design contributes to both price and non-price factors. Indeed, more and more often we are seeing trends that show that competition between companies is based on non-price factors - before
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these include the identity of a company or product as it is expressed in a particular brand.
Over the past 50 years, the importance of corporate image and identity has been repeatedly emphasized, and the first defined corporate identity was developed by Peter Veren for AEG (1907-1914) (Fig. 2.b)28. In our time, a lot of work on the development of the theory of corporate identity / image / individuality has been done by designer Wally Olins, who has published a whole series of publications on this topic over the past 20 years.
The essence of the relationship between design and corporate identity lies in the role that the designer takes on when he creates symbols and images through which the group is represented: “Any group of people invariably acquires its own unique identity, unique individuality and behavior different from the sum of the individualities of the people included in it, and irreducible to it. Traditionally, the work of a designer has been used to translate individual values into a corporate identity. Over time
Inexhaustible, with their trained eyes they see a little more in the world around them than others. So it is easier for them to notice the potential for interior design in a material, when looking at which such an idea does not arise.
It is the designers turn unusual materials in original jewelry for the home in the form of tables, chairs and shelves. Their experiments often turn into commodities. Or they become the lot of originals who lack salt in everyday life.
Material one: automotive carbon
Interior designers often take materials from areas that have nothing to do with design and art in general. Thus, the automotive and aviation industries brought furniture makers such a compound as carbon fiber. The material has increased lightness, strength, ignores temperature effects and weather changes.
The most interesting and original product for which carbon fiber was used was a chair called the Carbon Chair. Its authors are Bertian Pot and Marcel Wanders. The seat, as well as the back of the object, are handmade, and the frame is made of epoxy resin.
Second interesting idea, which was embodied by Andrew McConnell from the design studio Disguincio & Co, is made from the same carbon fiber. From a functional element of the house, this object has turned into a real art object, which can be admired endlessly, marveling at the imagination of its creator.
Material two: colorful and glowing
In the 2000s, the attention of designers was attracted by a material called methacryl. This is one type of plastic that is easy to process. mechanically. Also, its advantage lies in the fact that absolutely any color scheme can be used to create objects from it.
In 2006, Sawaya & Moroni released a bright and interesting candelabra called Maua Huni. They combined the echoes of real prototypes of objects from history, but in this performance they fit perfectly into modern interiors. Methacryl has the ability to glow at the cut point. So the warm flame of a candle is complemented by soft neon lighting, and this allows you to feel the spirit of magic.
Material three: safety glass
The interior masters could not pass by such material as plexiglass (transparent acrylic glass, if you describe it in other words), invented to meet the needs of construction. It was he who was used to create a cosmic effect in the interiors of the 60s. It was at this time that the world saw transparent futuristic chairs and the Acrilica lamp.
In our time, a return to tradition has led to the creation of an amazing object. This is a "liquid" melting table made by famous designer Zaha Hadid. The table is made of two types acrylic glass: transparent and translucent materials were used to create it.
Despite the impression created at first glance, the top is absolutely flat and smooth. Transparency gives lightness to the composition, and the shapes are made in the form of an imitation of melting ice, so that the viewer remains enchanted by this unusual effect.
Material four: insulating and practical
Cocoon polymer was developed as an innovative material with high insulating qualities for further active use in construction, and as a result caught the eye of designers and opened itself in a new quality from a completely different side.
In the 1960s, when futurism was in vogue, Flos began to sell designs by Achille and Piergiacomo Castiglioni table lamps Taraxacum. It was this experience that became the first in the track record of an unusual polymer.
Ten years ago, the initiative was seized by Marcel Wanders, who invented and brought to life an unusual, alien-looking Zeppelin chandelier. When looking at it, one gets the feeling that the frame is tangled in several layers of the web. Such a design element will definitely attract attention in any interior.
Material five: durable and secluded
This material is quite different high price. But for this money, the consumer receives beautiful upholstery fabric alcantara, appearance most reminiscent of suede, but at the same time:
- durable;
- lung;
- not wiping;
- easy to wash;
- not fading from sunlight.
The Peekaboo chair, produced by Blå Station from Sweden, was recognized as the brightest novelty of the material. Him metal carcass, polyurethane filling, alcantara upholstery and a special top screen. It helps at any time to fence off from outside world and be alone with your thoughts. This design will appeal to thinkers or meditators, as much as possible fenced off from the vanity of the surrounding world.
Material six: mobile and cutting-edge
Laokoon is unique, ultra-modern, trendy and original in appearance and structure. The material is the brainchild of a Hungarian company of the same name, led by Szentirmai-Zholy Zsuzsanne. This is actually a very unusual and stylish object. It is based on a design of moving plates made of ordinary plastic or environmentally friendly cork. The density and arrangement of the elements of each canvas allow you to adjust the transparency of the material and create a variety of shapes from it, bending the material in different directions.
Among the possibilities of the material is the creation of such complex and unusually beautiful textures:
- Snake skin;
- sea surface;
- bird feathers.
The company did not stop there and started up the material for such products as lamps of four types. Two of them have a glass base (Baabel and Medusa), an updated version of the original Ensoo lamp and another unusual author's version of the product, called Drop.
Material seven: artificial resin
Synthetic masses, in particular resins, have also received their place in the world. Gaetano Pesce commissioned them to create the original Tavolone table. The designer took the mold into which he poured the resin different colors. He allowed the materials to mix and intertwine in a random way, so that a completely individual and unique creation came out.
Italian design studio Cedr/Martini conducted their own experiment and found out that it is possible to create an equally interesting and original table. This is how the Pangea object was born. It is made in a technique that resembles formations from nature - growths in the form of stalactites in caves. The “natural” look of the product is mixed with futuristic notes, so that the viewer can only wonder where such solutions come from in the minds of designers.
Material eight: seamless and durable
Donald Smokeum, who worked in the DuPont laboratory in the 70s, invented a new amazing material with amazing properties and called it Corian. This design is different:
- long service life;
- unique strength;
- a wide range of colors;
- the ability to create seamless surfaces.
World-famous designers do not in vain give preference to this durable and beautiful material . Zaha Hadid and Ron Arad work with him. Any creation that comes out from under them skillful hands, becomes a real decoration of the interior and an interesting accent in it, whether coffee table or even an entire kitchen.
The interior design industry is developing by leaps and bounds, innovative technologies, new building and finishing materials are entering the market. They are presented at periodically organized exhibitions and other thematic events. New technologies in interior design make housing more functional and comfortable. They are used at all stages: from the development of a design project to the interior design of the room.
When drawing up a project preceding the repair of an apartment, country house, restaurant, shop or office, the following aspects are taken into account:
- room dimensions;
- functional purpose;
- design style;
- wall, floor and ceiling decoration;
- decoration of window openings;
- ventilation, heating, water supply systems;
- lighting;
- choice of colors;
- furniture arrangement, household appliances and decor items.
AT recent times designers use the 3D modeling method when developing a project. It allows you to bring all aspects together and create a clear, realistic model of the future interior, both in general and in detail. This is especially true for elite repairs and premises in which redevelopment is supposed.
Know-how in finishing materials
Finishing materials play a significant role in creating modern interior. With their help, you can carry out bold design projects that are distinguished by beauty, comfort and versatility.
Tile
New technologies in the field of tile design have 4 main trends:
- textured tiles;
- imitation of other materials;
- pop Art;
- patchwork tiling.
Via modern technologies you can create porcelain tiles imitating onyx, marble, mother-of-pearl, metal and even fabric. And wood imitation allows you to save on interior decoration in a modern eco-style.
fashionable bright accents can be created using tiles in the style of patchwork patchwork technique. It goes well with the decoration in pastel colors. In addition, finishing with images of comic book plots is relevant today. It is suitable for the interior in the style of pop art.
krion
Krion is an acrylic stone produced using innovative technologies. To the touch it reminds natural material, but has a warmer texture. Krion is most often used for interior and exterior work to create streamlined shapes without joints. This finish does not allow dirt to accumulate.
As you know, the new is the well-forgotten old. Today, designers have returned to using ordinary plywood again. With the help of modern processing technologies, this material has found a second life. It is used to make wall and ceiling panels, flooring, countertops.
Plywood is durable, environmentally friendly, aesthetic and moisture resistant. It lends itself well to coloring, allowing you to create original interior compositions.
Digital technologies
We live in the digital age. Achievements of progress dictate their own rules in the field of interior design. With the advent of new high-quality standards of life, the living space familiar to us is also changing. Digital novelties make life more convenient and comfortable. Their use helps to save time for solving various household tasks. Given the aesthetics of the space, they help create a cozy atmosphere and psychological comfort in your home or office. This is very important, because a person spends most of his time at home and at work.
Among the digital innovations in interior design, the following inventions are relevant:
- digital wallpaper – finishing material under the name Pac Man was created by Austrian specialists working in the Strukt Design Studio, in order to see an amazing visual effect, you need to direct a video projector beam at the wall in complete darkness, the image can change at the request of the owner of the house;
- new swedish technology in a design called Hembio embodied in the idea of creating an entertaining and useful platform, which includes audio, video systems and household appliances;
- scientists - employees of the American laboratory New York Times invented digital mirror and called it Snow White, it visually and acoustically tells the viewer which tie is more suitable for a particular suit, what wardrobe items you have, etc., the device operates via the World Wide Web;
- in our country, the technology "" has recently gained great popularity, it allows a person to interact with the living space as much as possible by transmitting information from mobile devices on sensors that regulate heating, lighting and other engineering systems providing comfort in the home.
Undoubtedly, new technologies make our lives better. But when deciding on the organization of living space, you need to weigh all the pros and cons. Perhaps you should not overload the interior with technical innovations, but choose a couple of current concepts. Then your home will not lose its comfort and will not turn into a high-tech office.
The development of new materials that increase productivity and improve their functionality has become a major driver of innovation in last years.
According to the document Industrial Technologies arm of the Research and Innovation department of the European Commission, up to 70% of all innovations in the field of architecture and design are connected, one way or another, with raw materials and substances that have updated or improved properties.
Dr. Sasha Pieterse (Dr Sascha Peters) is a specialist from Germany, a consultant on innovations and materials. And further, CEO Haute Innovation, a company that helps put new processes and developments into practice. In addition, Peters is the author of Material Revolution: Sustainable Multi-Purpose Materials for Design and Architecture.
In this article, dear guests of the Design Museum, we invite you to read an overview of an interview with Dr. Peters, given by him on one of the sites in early 2012.
The topic of this conversation was the possibilities of materials, which in the coming years will play a prominent role in the development of architecture and design.
Super high strength concrete
It would seem that ordinary and high-strength concretes must fully meet all the requirements of modern architecture. But traditional compositions have restrictions on the minimum load.
Ultra-high-strength concrete (eg Tim Mackeroth FALT lamp) allows a 40% reduction in the thickness of a building element compared to conventional concrete.
This is achieved by determining, using special mathematical modeling, the optimal density of particles for each specific case.
The goal is to increase compressive strength. There is no need to use expensive additives, as a result of which material costs are reduced. Increased resistance to various external influences.
Sea balls
On the coast of warm mediterranean sea the current throws into in large numbers brown lumps rolled from Posidonia Oceanica algae, called the balls of Neptune.
The company NeptuTherm has found application for them as an inexpensive insulation for roofs and wooden walls. An important role is played by the fact that these algae do not rot and are harmless to humans.
Hollow sphere structures
One of the options for creating elastic geometric shapes is to fill their volumes with high-strength hollow spheres. This material is obtained by heating balls of metal or ceramic.
Due to the evaporation of the polymer, a cavity is formed inside the spheres. sintering different materials, you can get products with different properties.
Porosity and wall thickness also affect the physical and performance characteristics spheres. The structure of the balls and the presence of an internal void reduce their thermal conductivity and increase strength, reduce the mass of the material by 40% - 70% compared to the same solid structure.
Self-reinforcing thermoplastic materials
The usual way to raise mechanical strength plastics consists in the introduction of reinforced fibers into their composition, which serve as a reinforcing basis.
But there is another way - the improvement and ordering of the molecular structure of the material itself without the use of a reinforcing base.
Most of the characteristics of plastics obtained by both methods are approximately equal. The strength and stiffness of self-reinforcing thermoplastics are several times higher.
They have higher resistance to high temperatures, wear resistance. Other advantages: lighter weight, fully recyclable, half the thermal expansion.
Electroactive polymers
Electroactive plastics are plastics that can change their geometric dimensions under the influence of an electric discharge, for example, shrink or lengthen, increase or decrease volume. The study of these materials is actively conducted in various laboratories.
Thus, an artificial muscle is being developed, the possibility of changing the configuration of aircraft, etc. is being considered. In the development of such plastics, various approaches to production and structure are being studied, since the result obtained depends on this.
Composites from coconut wood
In recent years, in order to avoid deforestation of valuable tropical forests, methods have been developed to use wood from coconut palm plantations.
Such a material proved to be suitable for use in the furniture industry and the manufacture of floor coverings. The coconut tree does not form annual rings.
This breed has a characteristic mottled structure when cut, which led the Dutch grower Kokoshout to call it Cocodots, or "coconut spots".
A harder peripheral part of the tree enters production (a layer up to 5 cm deep from outer surface trunk). This material can shrink, swelling from moisture is small, the hardness is higher than that of oak.
The composite is made by joining MDF board(made from sawdust hardwood and binding materials) with a thickness of 12-18 mm overlays made of coconut wood.
Mushroom based materials
While some researchers have focused their attention on the use of natural reinforcing fibers and fillers in composites, a number of developers and manufacturers have turned to the topic of growing building and structural materials.
An example is ecovative design. This developer uses a method of binding mushrooms to organic waste, without the use of crude oil.
The manufacturing process involves the processing of cellulose in the form of wheat and rice hulls bound by lignin. Mushroom mycelia are cultivated on this substrate.
Microscopic threads of mycelium, just as it happens in nature, penetrate the entire volume of organic waste material, firmly fastening it into a rigid foam.
Lactic acid bioplastic
Polylactide (PMC) is known as one of the the most important types initial mass for obtaining polymers, its properties are comparable to those of PET.
Bioplastics, in general, are not directly used as a material in their raw form. They are part of the recipes along with various fillers.
The range and quantity of the latter is determined by the purpose and scope of the final product.
Although this material has been known for 90 years, its large-scale application by NatureWorks is relatively recent.
Reflective concrete
In areas where important role play safety issues and in the field of fashion is used most of objects with surfaces that reflect incident light.
There is a tendency to use such materials in shoe design. And, more recently, art has paid attention to them.
Reflective concrete is known as BlingCrete. Its purpose is to serve as a marker of hazardous areas (curbs, steps, platform edges).
One can imagine its use for installing elements of systems that help visually impaired people navigate in the dark.
Luminoso means light
If a fiberglass cloth is placed between thin wood sheets and this layer cake is glued together under pressure, we get a product called Luminoso.
This brand has been in production since 2008. Its surface is sealed. The degree of light transmission depends on the choice of wood species, brand of fiberglass, the size of the gap between the layers. This material is used for backlit panels and other applications.