Building inspection of the facade. Assessment of technical and operational characteristics of the state of the facade of the building End facade of the building

During the technical operation of the facade, it is necessary to pay attention to the reliability of fastening of architectural and structural details (cornices, parapets, balconies, loggias, bay windows, etc.).

plinth is the most humidified part of the building due to the impact of atmospheric precipitation, as well as moisture penetrating through the capillaries of the foundation material. This part of the building is constantly exposed to adverse mechanical stress, which requires the use of durable and frost-resistant materials for the basement.

Cornices, the crowning part of the building, divert rain and melt water from the wall and perform an architectural and decorative function. The facades of the building may also have intermediate cornices, belts, sandriks, performing functions similar to those of the main crowning cornice.

The reliability of the enclosing structures of the building depends on the technical condition of the cornices, corbels, pilasters and other protruding parts of the facade.

Part of the outer wall that continues above the roof - parapet. The upper plane of the parapet is protected by galvanized steel or factory-made concrete slabs to avoid destruction by atmospheric precipitation.

The architectural and structural elements of the facade are also balconies, loggias, bay windows, which contribute to improving the performance and appearance of the building.

Balconies are in conditions of constant atmospheric action, moisture, alternate freezing and thawing, therefore, before other parts of the building fail, collapse. The most critical part of the balconies is the place where slabs or beams are embedded in the wall of the building, since during operation the place where the embedding is exposed to intense temperature and humidity effects. Figure 2 shows the connection of the balcony slab with the outer wall.

Figure 2 Pairing a balcony slab with an outer wall

1 balcony slab; 2-cement mortar; 3-lining; 4-insulation; 5-mortgage metal element; 6-gasket; 7-insulation; 8 anchor.

Loggia- a platform surrounded on three sides by walls and a fence. In relation to the main volume of the building, the loggia can be built-in and remote.

Overlapping loggias should provide water drainage from the outer walls of the building. To do this, the floors of the loggias must be made with a slope of 2-3% from the plane of the facade and located 50-70 mm below the floor of the adjacent premises. The floor surface of the loggia is covered with waterproofing. The junctions of the balcony and loggia slabs with the facade wall are protected from leakage by placing the edge of the waterproofing carpet on the wall, covering it with two additional layers of waterproofing 400 mm wide and closing it with a galvanized steel apron.

Fences of loggias and balconies should be high enough in order to comply with safety requirements (at least 1 - 1.2 m) and made mainly deaf, with railings and flower beds.

Bay window- the part of the premises located beyond the plane of the facade wall can serve to accommodate vertical communications - stairs, elevators. The bay window increases the area of ​​the premises, enriches the interior, provides additional insolation, improves lighting conditions. The bay window enriches the shape of the building and serves as an architectural means of shaping the scale of the composition of the facade and its articulation.

During the technical operation of the facade elements, sections of the walls located next to drainpipes, trays, and receiving funnels are subject to thorough inspection.

All damaged sections of the finishing layer of the wall must be beaten off and, after identifying and eliminating the cause of damage, restored. In case of weathering, crumbling of fillings of vertical and horizontal joints, as well as destruction of the edges of panels and blocks, it is necessary to inspect the faulty places, fill the joints and restore the broken edges with appropriate materials.

The facades of buildings are often faced with ceramic tiles, natural stone materials. With poor-quality fixing of the lining with metal staples and cement mortar, they fall out. The reasons for the flaking of the cladding are the ingress of moisture into the seams between the stones and behind the cladding, alternate freezing and thawing.

If tile defects are found, the surface of the entire facade is tapped, weakly adhering tiles are removed and restoration work is carried out.

Facade defects are often associated with atmospheric pollution, which leads to the loss of the original appearance, sooting and tarnishing of their surface.

Facades of buildings should be cleaned and washed within the time limits established depending on the material, the condition of the surfaces of buildings and operating conditions.

The facades of wooden non-plastered buildings must be periodically painted with vapor-permeable paints or compounds to prevent decay and in accordance with fire regulations. Improving the appearance of the building can be achieved by their high-quality plastering and painting.

Drainage devices of external walls must have the necessary slopes from the walls to ensure the removal of atmospheric water. With a slope from the walls, steel fasteners are placed. On parts that have a slope to the wall, galvanized steel cuffs should be installed tightly adjacent to them at a distance of 5-10 cm from the wall. All steel elements fixed to the wall are regularly painted and protected from corrosion.

It is necessary to systematically check the correct use of balconies, bay windows, loggias, avoiding the placement of bulky and heavy things on them, clutter and pollution.

During operation, it becomes necessary to restore the facade plaster. Defects in the plaster are due to the poor quality of the mortar, work at low temperatures, excessive moisture, etc. In the case of minor repairs to the plaster, the cracks are patched and puttied; in case of significant cracks, the plaster is removed and re-plastered, paying special attention to ensuring adhesion of the plaster layer to the supporting elements.

The main causes of damage to the appearance of buildings are:

The use in the same masonry of materials that are heterogeneous in strength, water absorption, frost resistance and durability (silicate brick, cinder blocks, etc.);

Different deformability of load-bearing longitudinal and self-supporting end walls;

The use of silicate bricks in rooms with high humidity (baths, saunas, swimming pools, showers, washrooms, etc.);

Weakening of the bandage;

Thickening of seams;

Insufficient support of structures;

Freezing of the solution;

Moistening of cornices, parapets, architectural details, balconies, loggias, wall plasters;

Violations of technology during winter laying, etc.

MOSCOW NORMATIVE
for the operation of the housing stock

Approved and put into effect
Decree of the Government of Moscow
April 25, 2006 No. 276-PP

1. GENERAL

1.1. This Standard was developed in pursuance of the Decree of the Government of Moscow dated November 29, 2005 No. 959-PP “On measures to improve the organization of work on the repair and maintenance of facades of buildings in the city of Moscow” and is aimed at ensuring the efficiency of maintenance work on the facades of buildings and structures.

1.2. The requirements of this Regulation are obligatory for execution by: owners and other legal owners, managers of buildings and structures, maintenance and repair organizations, organizations of the customer and contractor for the reconstruction and overhaul of buildings and structures.

1.3. For non-compliance with the requirements of this standard, performers are liable in the manner prescribed by law.

1.4. Maintenance and repair of facades of buildings and structures (hereinafter referred to as facades) ensure the maintenance of their condition in accordance with the requirements established by law and including:

Maintenance activities (scheduled inspections, unscheduled inspections, current repairs);

Overhaul or restoration of facades for architectural monuments and valuable historical buildings.

These activities and work should be carried out at regular intervals.

Repairs in case of an emergency condition of facades should be carried out immediately upon detection of this condition.

1.6. Particular attention should be paid to the safety of people in the unsatisfactory technical condition of the protruding structural elements of the facades: balconies, bay windows, canopies, cornices, stucco architectural details. To eliminate the threat of a possible collapse of the protruding facade structures, protective and preventive measures should be immediately taken - the installation of fences, nets, the termination of the operation of balconies, the dismantling of the collapsing part of the element, etc.

Pollution may be limited in character to mud deposits consisting of greasy soot and semi-coked solids.

2. MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR OF BUILDING FACADES

2.1. Maintenance and repair of building facades includes the following activities: scheduled inspections, unscheduled inspections, maintenance, overhaul, restoration of facades (for architectural monuments and valuable historical buildings).

When carrying out these activities, the requirements of the Law of the City of Moscow "On maintaining in good condition and preserving the facades of buildings and structures on the territory of the city of Moscow" must be observed.

2.2. Scheduled inspections are carried out in spring and autumn. Unscheduled inspections are carried out after natural disasters (fires, hurricane winds, etc.). The results of the inspection are recorded in a log that is kept for each facade. The journal notes the condition of the facades and its elements, the defects identified during the inspection, the measures taken to eliminate the identified defects, the decision to include the facade of the building in the current or major repair plan.

2.3. When examining the facades, the strength of fastening of architectural details and cladding, the stability of parapet and balcony railings are determined. Carefully inspect the basement, wall sections at the locations of drainpipes, near balconies and in other places subject to abundant exposure to storm, melt and rainwater, as well as around metal structures attached to walls (flag holders, anchors, fire escapes, etc.). They check the condition of fastening of overhangs, window sills, covering sandriks, belts, plinth protrusions, balconies.

When examining the facades of large-panel and large-block buildings, the state of horizontal and vertical joints between panels and blocks is monitored.

In concreted or plastered metal beams, the adhesion strength of concrete (mortar) to metal is checked, the condition of the embedded parts of walls, balconies, and brackets is monitored.

For engineering surveys of the state of structures, if necessary, design and survey organizations that have a license to perform these works are involved.

2.4. If an emergency condition of balconies, bay windows, loggias, canopies is detected, the use of these elements is prohibited with the adoption of the necessary measures to eliminate the detected malfunctions.

2.5. During the inspection, attention should be paid to the presence of unauthorized structural devices on facades and roofs, advertisements, announcements or other elements, as well as littering of balconies, bay windows, loggias and take appropriate measures to eliminate the identified violations.

2.6. The elimination of minor structural defects is carried out during inspections or during current repairs.

If the detected defects and malfunctions cannot be eliminated by current repairs, the facades are included in the overhaul plan.

2.7. The overhaul period for facades of buildings is 10 years, and for buildings located in the city center or on major highways - 5 years. In case of early repair, the need for it is confirmed by the results of a technical survey indicating the cause of premature wear of the facade structures.

2.8. Inclusion in the title list of buildings assigned for major repairs is allowed in agreement with the Design Bureau of the State Unitary Enterprise GlavAPU of the Moscow Committee for Architecture and the Committee for Cultural Heritage of the City of Moscow only if there is a design estimate documentation made by a specialized design organization that has a license for design work on the repair of buildings, and for buildings - architectural monuments and valuable historical buildings that have a license to design the restoration of buildings.

In accordance with the requirements established by law, the title lists should provide for the fulfillment of the instructions of state control and supervision bodies for the safety of buildings and structures on the mandatory restoration or repair of facades within the time limits set by them.

The contractor is appointed on a competitive basis from among specialized repair and construction or construction enterprises that have a license to perform facade repair work.

3. FACADE REPAIR TECHNOLOGY

3.1. Before finishing work on the facade, it is necessary:

Repair the roof and prepare parts for hanging downpipes and other drainage elements;

Complete the repair of walls, window units, external doors, balconies, bay windows, loggias, canopies, parapets, chimneys, as well as exhaust ventilation structures located on the roof;

Protect polished plinths, bronze and cast iron parts, sculptures and other elements that may be damaged during repairs with paper or glassine;

Repair radio and electrical wiring, television and other networks located on the facade;

Check the absence of electrical voltage of all tram and trolleybus wires and other devices attached to the building under repair;

To protect places for the passage of people and the passage of vehicles;

Prepare stucco parts of the facade (prefabricated cornices, complex profiles, rods, sandracks, brackets, and other elements) to replace damaged ones.

3.2. Simultaneously with the repair of the facades, the lobbies of the entrances and stairwells should be repaired.

3.3. Repair of facades can be carried out from inventory tubular scaffolding, mobile tower scaffolding, suspended cradles, which is determined by the work organization project.

3.4. Repair of plastered surfaces is carried out in the following technological sequence. Fragile plaster, lagging behind the walls or having grease or tar stains, is removed.

Rusty spots on the surface of the facade are recommended to be removed with a creamy paste composition by weight,%:

12 hours after application, the paste should be washed off with water.

Gray patches of plaster must be allowed to dry. Then the surface of the walls is incised, the masonry seams are cleaned from the solution to a depth to a strong solution. Dust is removed from the cleaned surface by blowing with compressed air, brushes or washing off with a stream of water. The surface is cleaned of old paint. To remove old paint, if necessary, blowtorches or gas burners are used.

3.5. To repair the plaster, solutions are used that are similar in composition to the existing plaster, for which, in advance, during engineering surveys, a laboratory analysis of the material of the old plaster is carried out.

To create a single texture of the old and new plasters, the surface of the facade is ground after cleaning from the old paint.

3.6. The technology for repairing decorative plaster is selected depending on the size of the damage and the type of existing finish (embossed plaster, flute finish, Belgorod white finish, colloid cement finish, stencil finish, decorative crushed stone finish, finish with exposed filler, terrazite plaster, etc.) . Minor damage is smeared after cleaning and washing with tinted cement mortar and treated with an appropriate tool. After clearing and washing, a selected decorative solution is applied to damaged areas of considerable size, similar to the previously applied one, with subsequent processing. After washing, cracks in decorative plasters are filled with tinted cement mortar and treated to match the texture of the existing plaster.

The type and method of finishing with decorative plaster is established by a color passport issued by the State Design Bureau of State Unitary Enterprise GlavAPU of the Moscow Architecture Committee and agreed with the Committee for Cultural Heritage of the City of Moscow.

3.7. Facade coating should have a wide range of properties:

Good adhesion;

alkali resistance;

Light fastness;

Vapor permeability;

elasticity;

Slight water absorption;

Resistance to microorganisms, etc.

3.8. When choosing paints for finishing facades, their weather resistance is decisive.

Particularly durable coatings are obtained by painting with paint compositions based on synthetic polymers.

The color of the paintwork is set by the UKB GUP GlavAPU of the Moscow Architecture Committee and agreed with the Committee for Cultural Heritage of the City of Moscow.

3.9. Before painting the facades, the following operations are performed: surface cleaning, jointing of cracks; lubrication, polishing, puttying, priming, roofing, repair and replacement of eaves covers, facade corbels, as well as the installation of drains, repair of balconies and their fences, bay windows, loggias, plinth plastering or repair of its lining, installation or repair of a blind area around the building, repair lobbies of the house.

Particular attention is paid to the removal of fragile layers of old paints. After removing the old facade paints, their surface is cleaned with pneumatic installations, washing with water and brushes. The completion of the listed works and the readiness of the facade for finishing work is confirmed by a commission consisting of: the owner of the building, the customer, the contractor, the author of the project, the Design Bureau of the City of Moscow, GUP "GlavAPU" of the Moscow Committee for Architecture and the Committee for Cultural Heritage of the City of Moscow with the execution of the relevant act.

3.10. When applying a paint composition, its properties and requirements for the coating should be taken into account.

Polymeric painting materials are made on the basis of copolymers of butadiene and styrene, acrylic, perchlorovinyl, organosilicon and other resins.

The most resistant to environmental influences are organosilicon dyes. Paints based on rubbers, for example, polyisobutylene, have special properties, which have the property of fluidity, due to which the cracks that appear seem to self-heal (for example, KCh-1222 paint).

Acrylic paints are highly resistant to environmental influences.

Organosilicate paints have very high properties, as well as low flammability in the cured state.

Perchlorvinyl paints are very resistant to industrial environments. They dry quickly, coatings based on them have high weather resistance.

3.11. When repairing facades, the following requirements for repairing balconies must be met:

The slope of the top of the balcony slab must be at least 2%;

Providing drainage from a balcony or loggia;

Restoration of waterproofing;

Durability of fastening of external protections;

The drain must have a drip and run under the waterproofing carpet and overlap the bottom edge of the balcony slab.

3.12. The use of other dyes must be preceded by their laboratory testing for:

drying time;

hiding power;

Spill;

weediness;

The degree of grinding;

Flexural strength;

Impact strength;

abrasion resistance;

Water resistance;

Oil resistance;

Petrol resistance;

Shine;

Adhesion.

3.13. When repairing facades with decorative plaster, textured layers that have weak adhesion to the base (which is determined by tapping) are removed.

3.14. The technology for applying and processing decorative plasters must comply with the requirements of the project for the overhaul of the facade, developed by a design organization that has a license for these works and a color passport issued by the Design Bureau of the city of Moscow, State Unitary Enterprise "GlavAPU" of the Moscow Architecture Committee and agreed with the Committee for Cultural Heritage of the city of Moscow with the execution of the corresponding act.

4. TECHNOLOGY OF WASHING AND CLEANING OF BUILDING FACADES

4.1. Organizations managing the housing stock, owners (owners), tenants of buildings are required to routinely, and on the main thoroughfares of the city, as necessary, determined by the decision of the city or district commission, clean and wash the facades, incl. it is recommended to wash the main facades of buildings located on the main streets and highways at least once a month, plinths - once every 10 days, on streets of prefectural significance (depending on pollution) at least once a year, plinths - once a month .

4.2. Organizations licensed to carry out facade repair work are involved on a competitive basis in works on washing and cleaning facades.

4.3. Cleaning and washing of facades should be carried out with cleaning agents specified in the Passport (section "Materials and technologies for carrying out work") in accordance with the recommendations of TR 118-01 "Materials and technologies for the production of work on cleaning buildings and structures."

4.4. Facades can be cleaned mechanically and with the use of detergents.

4.5. It is forbidden to clean the plastered and lined surfaces of the facade, as well as architectural details, by sandblasting.

Cleaning by hydrosandblasting may be used in exceptional cases only on facings with an unpolished texture of hard stone, taking into account the specifics of building operation.

4.6. It is possible to mechanically clean facades made of facing bricks, cladding with an unpolished structure of hard stone with special cleaning units, where calcium carbonates (soft minerals) are used as a cleaning agent.

4.7. Cleaning of facades from mold, fungus, atmospheric, mud, soil, oil and artificial pollution (for example, “graffiti” type) from various surfaces (brickwork, concrete, facing granite, sandstone facing products, ceramics, metal, etc.) possible with the use of aerohydrodynamic technology (AGD).

4.8. Depending on the type of facade contamination, the following specialized cleaning agents are selected, which, by their properties, provide high-quality cleaning of facades.

4.8.1. For bases infected with microorganisms, antiseptics of the Kartocid-compound type are used, followed by mechanical cleaning, washing with one of the indicated agents and re-treatment with an antiseptic.

4.8.2. For washing facades made of plastics and polymer coatings, an alkaline agent with antiseptic and degreasing effects "Plastic Cleaner" is used.

4.8.3. For cleaning the glazing of buildings, an alkaline agent "Glass 1" with an antistatic effect is used.

4.9. Works on cleaning with water-soluble detergents are carried out at an ambient temperature of at least +5 degrees. C. It is forbidden to perform work in strong winds (more than 15 m/s).

4.10. When performing work on cleaning facades with water-soluble detergents, the disposal of cleaning products must be ensured.

5. ACCEPTANCE OF WORKS

5.1. The quality of the work performed is established in accordance with the requirements of the current Building Regulations.

The condition of the facade is determined by external inspection (using tools if necessary).

Possible defects and ways to eliminate them are listed below.

Possible defects and ways to eliminate them are listed below.

	Reasons for the appearance	Solutions
Detachment of the ink film.	The surface has not been sufficiently cleaned of the fragile old film, the painting has been done on a damp, icy or snowy surface. Painted on a dusty surface.	Clean the surface to the ground, dry, prime, putty and repaint.
Joints on the border of the grips.	The paint was applied to the dried paint of the previous grip. Insufficiently puttied and polished surface at the junction of scaffolding decks.	Repaint, observing the requirements of painting technology.
Rough texture of the painted surface in separate places.	Insufficient puttying and grinding of the surface.	Re-spackle and sand defective areas and repaint.
Dark spots, efflorescence on the surface.	Painted on damp surfaces.	Dry and repaint.
Color stripe.	Stratification of the colorful composition, frayed with pigments of various densities.	Repaint the facade, ensuring mixing of the paint composition.
Drips and cracking of the paint film.	Abundant application of paint composition.	Sand and repaint the surface.
Raw spots and wet streaks.	Wetting of the surface due to the suction of moisture.	Eliminate the cause of wetting, dry the surface and repaint
Depressurization of interpanel joints in 25% or more of the premises.		Repair of all joints on this facade, including joints between slabs of balconies and loggias of external wall panels, as well as junctions of window (balcony) blocks to the edges of openings.
Depressurization of interpanel joints in less than 25% of the premises.	Expiration of the standard operating life, poor-quality repair work.	Repair of a joint defect and adjacent horizontal and vertical joints, as well as the junction of window (balcony) blocks to the edges of the openings of adjacent panels of the upper floor.

5.2. Areas of decorative plaster that have a weak adhesion of the stone-like filler or with a texture that differs in the degree of processing or color of the covering layer from the existing plaster are removed and replaced with a plaster that matches the existing one.

On façade surfaces lined with ceramic tiles, broken or flaking tiles (that make a dull sound when tapped) should be replaced with new ones laid on a polymer-cement mortar. Recommended composition of the cement mortar: Portland cement - I the weight. hours, sand - 3 wt. hours, polyvinyl cement dispersion in terms of dry matter - 10% by weight of cement.

Cutting unfilled joints is recommended to be carried out with a polymer cement mortar of the specified composition.

Tiles with deviations from the facade plane of more than 2 mm are replaced.

Chips along the perimeter of facing tiles are allowed if they do not exceed 35 mm in length and width

4 mm. The number of chips should not exceed two per tile.

Tiles with clearly visible through cracks, if they have not lost contact with the base, are sealed with mastic of a color corresponding to the color of the tile and having the following composition, weight. part:

epoxy resin (ED-5 or ED-6) 10-12;

hardener PEPA 1;

pigment (in an amount until a color scheme is obtained to match the color of the tile).

5.3. Acceptance of completed works on the repair of facades is carried out by a commission consisting of:

Customer, owner of the building;

Contractor;

Representative of the UKB of the city of Moscow, State Unitary Enterprise "GlavAPU" of the Moscow Committee for Architecture;

Representative of the design organization.

5.4. The acceptance results are documented in the following form:

ACTacceptance of works on repair (restoration) of facades

City_______________ "____" ___________ 200_

We, the undersigned, represent the customer, owner, proprietor of __________ .

Chief engineer of a construction (repair and construction) enterprise ______________;

Representatives of the architectural body of the UKB of the city of Moscow State Unitary Enterprise "GlavAPU" of the Moscow Committee for Architecture and the Committee for Cultural Heritage of the City of Moscow _______________________________

foreman ____________________________________________

inspected the work ______________________________________________

for the repair (restoration) of the facades of the building __________________________

On st. (trans.) _____________________________

No. ______ and, having checked the quality of these works and their compliance with the approved facade projects, fragments and details, established the following:

main facade

Plinth ___________________________________________________________

Wall field ________________________________________________________

Protruding facade elements (columns, bay windows, balconies, terraces, etc.) _____________

Framing openings ___________________________________________

The crowning cornice, belts, rods and fastenings of stucco parts on them __________________

Gables, parapets, balustrades and junctions of roofs with them _____________________

Sculptures and moldings, their quality and finish ________________________________

Finishing (painting) of the facades was made in accordance with the colors approved by the Design Bureau of the city of Moscow, State Unitary Enterprise "GlavAPU" of the Moscow Committee for Architecture and the Committee for Cultural Heritage of the City of Moscow. Condition of drains (roof gutters, window sills, covering of cornices, rods and stucco parts, arrangement and fastening of downpipes, etc.) _________________________________________________

Yard facade ________________________________________________

The form of the act of acceptance of work on the repair (restoration) of facades (end)

entrances

Lobby

There are no deviations from the approved project, defects and imperfections in the work performed on the external architectural design of the building. The quality of the work performed is recognized. ___________________

Based on the foregoing, we consider it possible to allow the dismantling of scaffolding and other devices used for facade finishing.

Customer representative, owner, owner ___________________

Representatives of the architectural body of the UKB of the city of Moscow, GUP "GlavAPU" of the Moscow Committee for Architecture and the Committee for Cultural Heritage of the city of Moscow

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Chief engineer of a construction (repair and construction enterprise) _______________

Foreman of works ____________________________________________

Note: If there are objections from the owner, the owner of the building, the act is not subject to approval until the prefecture resolves the disagreements that have arisen.

5.5. Based on the requirements established by law, the owners and owners of buildings (premises) are liable for violation of the procedures and deadlines for the repair of facades in accordance with the requirements of building operation standards.

5.6. The owners (owners) of buildings are obliged to systematically clean, wash or paint the facades as necessary, taking into account the material and nature of the finish, as well as the condition of the surfaces of the walls of the buildings (the degree of pollution and color fading, the presence of efflorescence, the destruction of the finishing coating).

If the surface of the façade is heavily soiled, this is an indication of too high a degree of water absorption of the wall material.

Dry sand cleaning of contaminated surfaces may be used in exceptional cases only on facings with unpolished textures, mainly from hard stone rocks.

In order to avoid destruction and damage, it is forbidden to clean by sandblasting surfaces plastered with fragile plasters and having cladding or architectural details made of soft rocks.

The surfaces of brick walls and walls lined with ceramic tiles (stones) or plastered with cement mortar may be cleaned by hydrosandblasting.

Facades of buildings painted with perchlorovinyl paints should be washed with an aqueous solution of soda ash periodically every 2-3 years.

To clean the surfaces of facades lined with glazed ceramic tiles, it is advisable to use chemical compositions: 8-10 liters of water, 400 g of soda, 0.5 liters of kerosene, followed by washing with water.

Facades lined with ceramics, after cleaning, should be treated with hydrophobic compounds or silicofluorides (fluates) to protect them from moisture and surface contamination. The dust-repellent composition is applied to the surface of the cladding with an airbrush in two steps. The consumption of the composition for the first 100-150 g/m 2 for the second - 55-80 g/m 2 . Hydrophobic composition: water - 100 parts by weight, GKZH-10 (GKZH-11 or GKZH-94) - 7 parts by weight.

5.7. To avoid the formation of dirty streaks and rust stains on the walls, the steel fasteners (brackets of fire escapes and flag holders, grips of drainpipes, etc.) should be placed with a slope from the walls. On parts that have a slope to the wall, galvanized steel cuffs should be installed tightly adjacent to them at a distance of 5-10 cm from the wall. All elements fixed to the wall should be painted regularly.

Painting of metal stairs, flag holders, fastening elements of power lines, fencing gratings on roofs and ventilation openings of basement panels should be done with oil paints every 3-6 years in accordance with the color passport of the house.

Change the architecture of the building (by abolishing, replacing with others or arranging new architectural details, punching and sealing openings, changing the shape of windows and the pattern of bindings) without the permission of the Moscow City Design Bureau "GlavAPU" of the Moscow Architecture Committee and the Committee for Cultural Heritage of the City of Moscow;

Install advertisements, posters and other decorations on facades, as well as on roofs without a special project approved in the prescribed manner;

Use number, index and house signs with a deviation from the approved samples.

5.9. In the event of an emergency condition of balconies, loggias and bay windows, it is necessary to prohibit exit from them, announcing this against receipt to the owners (owners) of residential premises, close and seal the exits and take measures to bring the balconies into a technically sound condition. Sidewalks and yards located under emergency balconies and bay windows should be protected.

5.10. The owners (proprietors) of buildings are obliged to systematically check the correct use of balconies, bay windows and loggias by the population, preventing the placement of heavy things on them, littering and requiring regular cleaning of them from snow, dust and dirt.

5.11. Metal railings, black steel roofs, flower boxes should be periodically painted with weatherproof paints. The color of the painting must correspond to the color passport.

In order to avoid pollution of the walls of buildings and balconies located below, the boxes should be placed on pallets with a gap of at least 50 mm from the wall.

5.13. Bodies of architecture and urban planning and state control bodies in the prescribed manner determine the composition of obligations for the maintenance and repair (restoration) of facades and check their fulfillment. Within the limits of their powers, in accordance with the current legislation, they have the right to impose penalties on owners and owners of buildings (premises) who do not fulfill their obligations to maintain facades in a timely manner or perform them improperly.

5.14. A contracting construction (repair and construction) enterprise bears warranty responsibility for the quality of the work performed by it within 5 years.

6. OBLIGATIONS OF THE PARTIES

6.1. Customer Services:

Compile title lists based on monitoring the technical condition of the housing stock;

Assign objects for repair in the presence of design estimates;

To control the implementation of repair work and the compliance of their design documentation, the passport "Coloristic solution, materials and technology for carrying out work", the requirements of the Standard;

Approve the act of readiness of the facility only if there are no imperfections and the quality of work meets the requirements of the Standard;

Ensure that claim work is carried out to eliminate defects identified during operation within the warranty period;

Provide the scope of work to contractors only on the basis of competitive selection.

6.2. Work executor:

Apply certified materials that have GOSTs;

Ensure the quality of work performed in accordance with the Standards;

Carry out work in accordance with the design and estimate documentation and the passport "Coloristic solution, materials and technology of work".

>> Chapter VIII. Maintenance of facades of buildings in the city.

Article 33

1. Owners must maintain the facades of buildings and structures in proper condition, timely carry out work on the restoration, repair and painting of facades and their individual elements (balconies, loggias, drainpipes, information plates, commemorative plaques, portals of arched passages, roofs, porches, fences and security grills, awnings, awnings, windows, front doors, gates, exterior stairs, bay windows, cornices, joinery, shutters, drainpipes, lamps, flagpoles, wall-mounted air conditioners and other equipment attached to or built into walls, license plates houses).

2. Entrances, showcases, signs of shops, offices and shopping centers must be illuminated in the evening (dark) time of the day, the illumination must be placed taking into account the illumination of sidewalks adjacent to non-residential premises.

The facades of buildings, structures (including the basement) should not have local damage to the cladding, plaster, textured and paint layers (painted surfaces should be smooth, without blots, stains and damaged places), cracks, chipping of the mortar from the seams of the cladding, brick and small-block masonry, destruction of sealing joints of prefabricated buildings, damage or wear of metal coatings on protruding parts of walls, destruction of drainpipes, wet and rusty spots, streaks and efflorescence, etc.

3. The owners are obliged to: clean and wash the facades (at least once a year) or as needed; clean the internal and external surfaces of windows, doors of balconies and loggias, entrance doors in entrances (at least twice a year, in spring and autumn) or as needed; regular maintenance and overhaul of facades.

4. Works on current and major repairs, finishing and painting, reconstruction and restoration of facades of buildings and structures are allowed to be carried out if there is a facade color scheme passport issued in the manner prescribed by a resolution of the City Administration.

5. The works specified in clause 4.4 are carried out on the basis of the following documents:

a) facade color scheme passports;

b) a scheme for organizing traffic and a document confirming the right to use the land plot for the period of organization of the construction site (if it is necessary to install fences on the roadway or sidewalk).

6. Changing the facades of capital construction projects and structures, duly classified as objects of cultural heritage (monuments of history and culture), is allowed if there is a special project agreed with the relevant body for the protection of cultural heritage objects.

7. When reconstructing, repairing the facades of buildings (structures), it is necessary to ensure the safety of the points of the urban geodetic network laid in the walls, foundations of buildings, structures and embedded parts of the contact network of passenger transport. The transfer of geodetic points to another place must be agreed upon in the prescribed manner.

8. If an emergency condition of balconies, bay windows, loggias, canopies, other structural elements of the facades of buildings and structures is detected, the use of these elements is prohibited. To eliminate the threat of a possible collapse of the protruding facade structures, protective measures must be immediately taken (installation of fences, nets, dismantling of the destructive part of the element, etc.).

Repairs in case of an emergency condition of the facade of a building (structure) must be carried out immediately upon detection of this condition. The preservation of the structural elements of the facades of buildings and structures is mandatory. Changing the type, form, materials is possible only if the impossibility of preservation is justified.

The issuance of a conclusion on the emergency condition of the facade of a building (structure) and the performance of repair work are carried out by specialized organizations.

9. The owners ensure the installation of signs (full houses) with the name of the street and the number of the house, and on the corner houses - the name of the intersecting streets, which should be illuminated after dark.

10. Unauthorized change of the facades of buildings and their structural elements, which violates the external architectural appearance of the building, as an element of urban development, is prohibited; installation of air conditioners on the main facades of buildings that are objects of cultural heritage (historical and cultural monuments), installation of communication cables, power lines, attachments without the consent of the relevant body for the protection of cultural heritage objects.

During the overhaul of the facade of the administrative building, a plaster coating was made, followed by painting of the facades.

During subsequent operation, cracks and delaminations, traces of white plaque and signs of biodamage began to appear on the facade.

To determine the causes of defects, plaster samples were taken, soundings were made to inspect the base and determine the thickness of the plaster layer. The moisture content of the base materials has been checked.

According to the results of a laboratory study, the type of finish was determined - plaster from a mixed binder, based on cement, lime and gypsum. Aggregate- rounded river sand and textured paint layer.

Description of defects found during inspection of facades

When examining the finishing coating, vertical and horizontal cracks were found, located on all facades of the building, former smudges and peeling of the finishing coating.

The highest concentrations of defects in the finishing coating were noted in the area of ​​window openings, the locations of horizontal decorative ledges of the facade, above the basement of the building and under the roof.

Inspection of the end facade from xxx lane

When examining the facade, numerous vertical and horizontal cracks were recorded, up to 3 meters long and up to 0.3 cm wide.

Traces of exposure to atmospheric precipitation (streaks, spots) were recorded, concentrated on the protruding elements of the facade and under them, with penetration into window openings, in these places vertical, broken cracks are located along the entire horizontal belt, with a development length of up to 50 cm.

On the upper horizontal slope of the window opening, located near the entrance to the building, there is a through crack, up to 80 cm long, peeling and biological contamination of the plaster. At this location, samples were taken for research in the laboratory.

Horizontal cracks, up to 100 cm long, up to 0.5 cm wide in the lower part of the bay windows of the building.

Humidity of the wall surface from 5% to 9%.

Humidity in places of delamination and cracks from 11% to 14.5%.

Examination of the courtyard facade of the building

On the courtyard facade of the building, above the window openings of the second floor, horizontal cracks were fixed, up to 2 meters

Vertical crack above the arch.

A through vertical crack along the slope of the window opening, 100 cm long, up to 20 mm wide, up to 20 mm deep, the humidity around the crack is from 8% to 11%, the humidity inside the crack is 12% -15%.

Water efflorescence, on the right side of the arch, humidity 9% -10%. Water efflorescence around the drainpipe, above the canopy of the entrance to the building.

Peeling of plaster on the horizontal girdle of the building, peeling of the finishing coating between two window openings on the first floor of the building (photo No. 7,8), humidity from 13% to 14%, in the place of peeling of the plaster and from 11% to 11.5%, on the wall around the peeling.

Increased humidity on the surface of the walls above the basement of the building - from 10% to 12.5%.

Increased humidity around the canopy above the window of the basement of the building - from 12% to 13.5%, contributes to warping and peeling of the plaster along the slopes of the window opening, in the basement of the building.

The humidity of the basement wall surface is from 13.5 to 14%.

End facade of the building

Along the entire length of the facade there are two horizontal cracks at the level of the 1st and 2nd floors of the building, up to 0.4 cm wide, up to 1.5 cm deep.

Efflorescence over a large area at the level of the 1st floor and above the basement of the building.

Humidity of the wall surface - from 7% to 12%

End facade from the side of the street xxx

Vertical and horizontal cracks of various sizes run along the entire facade of the building.

Vertical cracks of various lengths on the pediment of the building, above the window openings, from the decorative horizontal band to the basement of the building, up to 0.2 cm wide, up to 1 cm deep.

Almost complete delamination of the plaster layer on the horizontal girdle of the building, surface humidity from - 13.5% to 14%

Above the basement of the building in places of delamination and biodamage of the finishing layer, the humidity is 13-14%, in this place plaster samples were taken for research in the laboratory.

Results of a laboratory study of plaster

Table #1

Name of sampling location	Type of corrosion damage and classification according to chemical data. analysis.
Wall of the basement of the building. Central facade	Black spots on plaster. Biochemical corrosion of the plaster layer. The depth of the lesion is up to 3 mm.
Yard facade	The defeat of the house mold fungus. Black deposits on plaster Biochemical corrosion of the plaster layer. The depth of the lesion is up to 3 mm.
Wall of the basement part of the courtyard facade
Basement wall of the central façade	Capillary suction of surface waters. Leaching of lime from solution.

Examination conclusion:

The main reason for wetting and biodamage of the repaired walls in the area of ​​the basement is their moistening with surface and ground moisture penetrating into the capillaries and pores of the wall material due to the lack or insufficient horizontal waterproofing of the walls along the perimeter of the building, which must be performed along the perimeter of the walls during the reconstruction of the building . Long-term moistening of the basement walls caused the development of biocorrosion - mold. Mold, a house mold, can destroy warehouse equipment and property stored near infested walls.

It is necessary to carry out a project of horizontal waterproofing of walls around the perimeter and implement it in kind.

The main reason for the peeling of plaster in the area of ​​window openings is the appearance of sedimentary cracks and the accumulation of atmospheric moisture in them, and, as a result, their freezing.

As a result of constant wetting in the zone of cracks in the walls, salts accumulate - lime leaching products from the plaster mortar. As a result, due to their crystallization under the plaster layer, the latter cracks and crumbles along with the finishing layer (putty and paint).

The reason for the peeling of plaster on horizontal decorative elements is the lack of protective ebbs in some places.

It is necessary to install a protective ebb of roofing steel.

It is necessary to check the dynamics of the settlement of the building by installing beacons on window openings and walls, in the area of ​​vertical cracks. In the case of progressive settlement, it is necessary to carry out a complex of engineering and geological surveys and develop a project to strengthen the foundations. In the case of residual deformation - to carry out the injection of cracks with grouting slurries and restore the finishing layer, according to the adopted design decision.

Introduction

Basic definitions

Goals and objectives of the survey

Survey program

Brief description of the examined object

Survey materials

Appendix. Photos, map of defects and damages

Introduction

The study of the production environment and the technical condition of building structures is an independent area of ​​construction activity. This is the whole complex of issues related to the creation in buildings of normal conditions for the life and work of people and ensuring the operational reliability of buildings. Carrying out repair and restoration work, as well as the development of project documentation for the reconstruction of buildings and structures, directly require surveys.

The most reliable method for obtaining information about the durability and operational reliability of buildings and structures are field surveys.

Basic definitions

Inspection is a set of measures to determine and evaluate the actual values ​​of controlled parameters that characterize the operational state, suitability and performance of the objects of the survey and determine the possibility of their further operation or the need for their restoration and strengthening.

A defect is a separate non-compliance of the design with any parameter established by the project or regulatory document (SNiP, SP, VSE, GOST, TU).

Damage is a malfunction received by a structure during manufacture, transportation, installation or operation.

Evaluation criteria - this is the establishment by the project or regulatory documentation of the quantitative or qualitative value of the parameter of the building structure. (Parameter - strength, deformability, endurance and other normalizing characteristics)

Categories of technical condition - this is the degree of operational suitability of a building structure, or a building, or a structure as a whole. Established depending on the share of the reduction in the bearing capacity and the performance of the structures.

The assessment of the technical condition is the establishment of the degree of damage and the category of the technical condition of building structures or buildings and structures in general, based on a comparison of the actual values ​​of quantitative and evaluation characteristics with the value of the same characteristics established by the project or norms.

Reconstruction of buildings - a set of works of organized and technical measures related to changing the main technical and economic indicators of the building in order to change the operating conditions, restore damage from physical and moral deterioration, achieve new goals for the operation of the building.

The physical deterioration of the building is the deterioration of the technical and related operational indicators of the building caused by objective reasons.

The obsolescence of a building is a gradual deviation in time of the main operational indicators of a building from the current level of technical requirements for the operation of buildings and structures.

Strengthening is a set of measures that provide an increase in the bearing capacity and performance of building structures or buildings and structures as a whole, compared with the actual state or design indicators.

Restoration - a set of measures to improve the performance of structures that have come into a limited working state to the level of their original state.

Goals and objectives of the survey

The need for survey work, their volume, composition and nature depend on the specific tasks set. Reasons for testing may include the following:

· the presence of defects and damage to structures (for example, due to force, corrosion, temperature or other influences, including uneven subsidence of foundations), which can reduce the strength, deformation characteristics of structures and worsen the operational state of the building as a whole;

· increase in operational loads and impacts on structures during redevelopment, modernization and increase in the number of storeys of the building;

· reconstruction of buildings even in cases not accompanied by an increase in loads;

· identification of deviations from the project, reducing the bearing capacity and performance of structures;

· lack of design and technical and executive documentation;

· changing the functional purpose of buildings and structures;

· resumption of the interrupted construction of buildings and structures in the absence of conservation or three years after the termination of construction when conservation is carried out;

· deformation of soil foundations;

· the need to monitor and assess the state of structures of buildings located near newly built structures;

· the need to assess the state of building structures exposed to fire, natural disasters or man-made accidents;

· the need to determine the suitability of industrial and public buildings for normal operation, as well as residential buildings for living in them.

In all these cases, the tasks of conducting surveys are to establish the qualitative state of the following main load-bearing structures:

-foundations, grillages and foundation beams;

-walls, columns, pillars;

ceilings and coverings (including: beams, arches, truss and under-rafter trusses, slabs, purlins);

crane beams and trusses;

bonded structures, stiffening elements;

joints, knots, connections and sizes of operation platforms.

The main indicators characterizing the quality of structures are their strength, rigidity and crack resistance.

Inspection of building structures of buildings and structures is carried out, as a rule, in three interconnected stages: preparation for the inspection, preliminary (visual) and detailed inspection. The overall result of the entire complex of survey work is the final document. This may be an act, conclusion or technical calculation with conclusions based on the results of the survey. It is also possible to develop recommendations to ensure the required strength and deformability of structures with the recommended, if necessary, sequence of work.

Survey program

To draw up a program, it is necessary to determine the objectives of the survey, the scope of work usually performed for the most complete collection of information to assess the state of structures. The survey program is drawn up on the basis of the design and technical documentation, including working drawings and an explanatory note to them (design loads and impacts, design schemes and static calculations, as well as the characteristics of the materials used, work logs, executive installation diagrams, etc.) . The study of design and technical documentation is carried out in order to take into account the design features and features of the structure, the comparison of which allows you to more accurately draw up a survey program.

The survey program includes the following activities:

· Departure to the place, general assessment of the building;

· Control measurements of building structures;

· Visual inspection of structures, their description, determination of hazard categories, compilation of defective lists and maps, if necessary, photographic fixation of the main (dangerous) or most characteristic defects and damages;

· Determination of the degree of physical deterioration of the structure;

· Production of the necessary openings of interfloor and attic floors, coatings to determine their composition, the state of the need to determine the volumetric weight, the quality of the manufacture of structures. Study of the physical and mechanical characteristics of the main building materials, load-bearing structures;

· Carrying out verification calculations of structures or determining the bearing capacity of structures, taking into account the identified defects and damages and the actual strength characteristics of materials,

· Analysis of the results obtained, assessment of the technical condition of the structure separately and the building as a whole, conclusions, development of recommendations for further trouble-free operation

· If necessary, the development of drawings of reinforcement structures, carrying out verification calculations of structures, taking into account the reinforcement.

Brief description of the surveyed building

The building is residential.

Address: st. 6th Krasnoarmeiskaya, 16.

Overall dimensions: building length: - 37.12 m, height - 14.7 m.

Floors: 4 floors.

On the ground floor there are 11 windows, one arch and three doors.

On the second floor there are 14 windows and two balconies.

There are 16 windows on the third and fourth floors.

Drainage is carried out with the help of external drainpipes (4 pieces on the considered facade of the building).

Materials survey

A preliminary visual inspection was carried out in order to get acquainted with the structure as a whole and obtain first impressions of the state of the structures, as well as to determine the need for urgent temporary fixing of the structures in case of an emergency. First of all, structures that inspire concern are subject to inspection. During visual inspection, all any significant defects and damage to building structures are determined. For brick or masonry, such defects are:

-cracks. Parameters of cracks: width and depth of opening, location, length, angle of inclination, nature of origin;

-areas of destruction of masonry.

mechanical damage to stone or brickwork;

efflorescence on the surface of brickwork;

areas of excessive damage and deformation.

Stone or brick masonry that takes on the load consists of individual stones that are united by a layer of mortar. As a result, the strength of the masonry depends on the strength of the stones (brick), the strength of the solution and the type of stress state. The most rational method for studying the strength of masonry is indirect, according to the established grades of mortar and stone. In this case, destructive (extraction of samples from structures and their subsequent testing) and non-destructive (using ultrasonic devices) methods are used.

Visual inspection revealed the following defects and damage:

1.Soaking was found over almost every window on the fourth floor;

2.Small cracks were found in a small amount;

.In some places there is delamination of the plaster layer with collapse;

The results of the visual inspection were recorded in the form of a defective map applied to a schematic representation of the facade of the building, and deciphered in a table with the legend of the main defects, indicating the location and category of the technical condition.

List of defects and damages

Below are the main defects found during visual inspection, their location and a brief description. All of them are presented on the defect map.

N p / p Name of the element Location Description of the defect or damage Link to the map, photo Category of the danger of the defect or damage 1 Eaves between axes 1-16 Peeling of the plaster layer, without collapse A = 41.25 m2 Map Fig. 1 B2 cornice between axes 3-6 Detachment of the plaster layer, without collapse А=3.79m2Map Fig.8 B4WallUnder the eaves between axes 4-6Soaking, moisturizing, A=4.23m2Map Fig.1B5WallUnder the cornice between axes 8-10 Detachment of the plaster layer, without collapse, A =4.48m2Map Fig.8B6WallUnder the cornice between axes 11-13Soaking, moisture axes5-6Inclined branching crack a=3.0mm, L=1249mmMap Fig.8B9WallAbove 0-3-10 between axes9-10Inclined crack a=1.0mm, L=200mmMap Fig.8B10WallAbove 0-3-11 between axes 10-11 Peeling of the plaster layer with collapse, А=0.1m2Map Fig. 5B11 WallAbove 0-4-11 between axes 10-11 Oblique crack a=1.0mm, L=533mm 6 between axes 5-62 oblique cracks a=2.0mm, L=375mm 0-2-13 between axes 10-11Vertical crack a=5.0mm, L=1124mm Fig. 8B18 Wall to the left of the arch between the axes 4-5 Peeling of the plaster layer with collapse, A=0.3 m2 Map Fig. 8B19 Wall to the right of the arch between the axes 4-5 Fig. 8B20 Wall Between 0-1-7 and D-2 on axis 10 Peeling of the plaster layer with collapse, A=0.4m2Map Fig. 7B21 Wall Under 0-1-2 between axes 2-3 Fig. 8B22 Wall Under 0-1-9 between axes 12-13 Peeling of the plaster layer with collapse, A=0.65m2Map Fig. 4B23 Wall Between D-3 and 0-1-10 on axis 14 from 0-1-11 At the corner on the axis 16 Peeling of the plaster layer without collapse. А=0.9m2 Map Fig. 8B25 Basement windows P1 - P11 In axes 1-1

Determination of the degree of physical wear

Physical deterioration is the loss of the original technical and operational qualities of a structure as a result of the influence of natural and climatic factors, natural changes in the properties of materials and human activities. The physical deterioration of the building is assessed by comparing the signs of physical deterioration identified during visual or instrumental examination with the standard values ​​given in VSN 53-86.

The physical wear of a structure, element or system that has a different degree of wear of individual sections should be determined by the formula

Фк physical wear of a structure, element or system, %;

Fi physical wear of a construction site, element or system, determined by VSN 53-86%;

Pi dimensions (area or length) of the damaged area, m2 or m;

Pk dimensions of the entire structure, m2 or m; number of damaged areas.

Physical wear and tear at the time of its assessment is expressed as the ratio of the cost of objectively necessary repair measures that eliminate damage to the structure, element, system or building as a whole, and their replacement cost.

Table 10 of VSN 53-86 was used to determine the degree of physical wear. If the element has all signs of wear corresponding to a certain range of its values ​​from the table, then the physical wear is taken equal to the upper limit of the interval. If only one of several signs of wear is detected, then physical wear should be taken equal to the lower limit of the interval. If only one attribute corresponds to the interval of physical wear values ​​in the table, physical wear is taken by interpolation depending on the size or nature of the existing damage.

Number of window openings 58 pcs.

Number of doorways 4 pcs.

Number of piers 67 pcs.

The number of window and window sill sections of the wall is 63 pcs.

Wear amount

Wall margins:

1) cracks

F=0.79%+0.63%+2.38%+0.95%=4.75%

) delamination of the plaster layer with collapse

4) soaking

Physical wear of the wall field:

Cornice fields:

) detachment of the plaster layer without collapse

Plinth fields:

) delamination of the plaster layer by collapse

Let us determine the weighted average characteristics of each structural element as a whole

General wear of the front wall of the building

The total physical wear of the facade wall, taking into account the weighted average characteristics of its elements:

Conclusion

As a result of the examination of the facade wall of a residential building at 16, 6th Krasnoarmeiskaya Street, defects characteristic of stone structures were identified and their qualitative assessment was made. After comparing the parameters of these defects with the normative ones given in VSN 53-86 "Rules for assessing the physical wear of residential buildings for brick walls", the physical wear of the facade wall structure was determined, which amounted to 8.1%.

Among the reasons for the occurrence of defects are: unsatisfactory operating conditions of the building, alternate freezing and thawing, aggressive environmental influences, violation of the rules and regulations for the technical operation of the building.

Based on the results of the preliminary assessment of the structure, it can be concluded that the condition of the facade wall being examined does not fully meet the operational requirements for it. In areas where obvious defects have been identified, it is necessary to carry out repair work, namely:

· It is necessary to replace the balcony slabs, because. significant corrosion of the working reinforcement can lead to the collapse of balconies;

· Sealing cracks with acrc? 1.0 mm (between axes 5-6, 8-11, 13-16) by injection (for this, a special installation is used that allows high-pressure injection of the solution to a great depth into the crack, it is recommended to use solutions on polymer binder);

· Drainage of wall sections with moistened plaster at the level of the 4th floor above the window openings;

· After drying, if necessary, beat off loose plaster sections;

· Biocidal treatment of previously soaked sections of the wall is necessary;

· Repair of damaged plaster layer; pre-preparing the surface. At the same time, it should also be taken into account that the imposition of cement-based plaster (modern technology) on lime (existing) is undesirable, since it causes rapid delamination. It is possible to recommend the use of cement-lime mortar;

· In areas of peeling of the plaster layer without wrapping (the entire cornice), it is necessary to remove this layer (beating loose plaster) and plaster the damaged area according to the above recommendations;

· It is necessary to establish, and then eliminate, the reason for laying the air in the basement of the building;

· Restoration of a finishing stone of a socle;

· Perform dust removal, degreasing, priming, then painting the building; in the case of partial painting, carefully select the color and composition of the paint, taking into account the original appearance and the surrounding buildings of the old fund;

· Replacing or painting external weirs;

building technical construction defective

Appendix

Fig No. 2 Fig No. 3

Fig No. 5 Fig No. 6

List of used literature

1.VSN 53-86. Rules for assessing the physical deterioration of residential buildings.

2.Manual for the inspection of building structures of buildings. JSC "TsNIIPROMZDANIY" M., 1997.

.Accidents of concrete and stone structures. A.Mitzeli.dr., M., Stroyizdat, 1978.

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