Make a battery with your own hands at home. For skillful hands - homemade battery

A battery is an energy storage device that usually works on the principle of reversibility of a chemical reaction. The simplest battery is arranged simply, for the first time his idea was tested in practice by Ritter in 1803, it was a column of 50 copper plates laid with a damp dense cloth.

How to make a battery with your own hands? Collect from copper plates? There are simpler methods for creating an energy storage device from improvised means. You can make both an acid homemade battery and an alkaline type device.

Acid and lead

The most simple in the device is a lead-acid design for the accumulation of electricity. To build it you need:

• stable container, with the possibility of its tight closure with a lid;
• electrolyte - a solution of battery acid and distilled water;
• lead plate - you can use a flattened piece of lead from cable insulation or purchased at a hunting or fishing store;
• two metal pins - electrodes that must be driven vertically into lead plates.

Next, we present the manufacturing process of this device. Lead plates are put on metal pins, with a small distance between them. After that, the structure is immersed in a container filled with electrolyte. Lead must be completely under the solution. The contact ends of the pins are passed through the lid of the container and securely fixed on it. An electrical consumer can be connected to the ends of the electrodes. The container is installed on a stable surface, after which the device is charged. By complicating the design, rolling the lead plates into a roll and, accordingly, increasing their area, with a small volume, good performance of such a device can be achieved. According to the same principle, rolls are made in modern gel energy storage devices.

Important! When working with homemade electric drives, follow the safety rules: the acid used in the electrolyte is a rather aggressive substance.

Salt, coal and graphite

This device does not need an acid, as an alkaline reaction is used. How to make this type of battery? The basis of this type of energy storage device is a container with an electrolyte in the form of a solution of water and sodium chloride - table salt. To create it, you need:

• graphite rods, with a metal cap for soldering the contact;
• activated or charcoal, crushed into crumbs;
• fabric bags for placing coal powder;
• container for electrolyte with a tight lid for fixing the ends of the electrode.

A graphite rod in a dense carbon lining serves as electrodes. Graphite can be used from worn-out batteries, and charcoal - charcoal or activated, from gas mask filters. To create a tight lining, coal can be placed in a permeable bag, after which a graphite rod is inserted inside, and the fabric of the bag is wrapped with a thread or wire with an insulating coating.

To increase the performance of this kind of design, you can create a battery of several electrodes placed in one container.

Important! The storage capacity and voltage at the contacts of home-made devices for storing electricity are relatively small, but at the same time they are quite enough to connect a low-power light source or other purposes. A battery of several electrodes has higher performance, but they are more bulky.

Lemons and oranges as a container for electricity

Lemon is not only a tasty and healthy fruit, but also a natural battery. To use it, it is enough to combine several lemons in a serial circuit, using metal electrodes. After that, you can connect the "fruit" drive to the charger. Instead of lemons, you can use other citrus fruits that contain acid, which will serve as a natural electrolyte. The more citrus fruits are involved, the higher the parameters of the "natural" battery.

Lemon juice, acid or its solution can be used separately. To do this, just pour them into a small jar and install a copper and steel electrode there. The voltage of the natural energy storage device is small, but, nevertheless, it will be enough for a low-power lighting source.

Even in the absence of a factory-made energy storage device, you can easily make a battery with your own hands. To create it, you only need knowledge of the basics of physics and chemistry, as well as the presence of an acid or alkali of any type at hand. Almost any metal that is available can be used as electrodes, but the best option is to use steels with a high iron content, as well as copper and its alloys.

Video

Of course, now there are no problems with buying batteries and accumulators, but, apparently, it will be interesting for you to get acquainted

with gas accumulator design. Consider the design of the simplest battery. Design

the battery is so simple that anyone can repeat it. (which is not unimportant, and has already been discussed in the comments ..)

1. container 5.15% saline solution

2.lid 6.activated carbon bag

3. carbon rod 7. clamp (clamp)

4.activated carbon 8.plug

The design of the battery is clear from the figure. Opaque container 1 with lid 2 is filled with electrolyte - 15%

saline solution. Two identical electrodes are lowered into the container. The electrode consists of a carbon rod,

around which there is a bag 6 with activated carbon 4. The bags must be wrapped tightly

threads to ensure good contact of the electrode with activated carbon. Activated carbon layer thickness

should not exceed 15mm.

Battery. A simple homemade battery.

If you add 1g of boric acid and 2g of sugar to the solution for every liter, then battery performance will improve.

Sugar is added during long discharge cycles. Charge the battery with direct current at the rate of 4.5 volts

for each element (jar). Charging time up to 12 hours. Full charge signal - copious gas emission. For

so that the gases do not “squeeze out” the electrolyte from the container, a plug is provided, which is necessary when charging

open. To get a capacity of 1a * h, you need to use 65g of activated carbon. Electrolyte change once per

1. If the walls of the vessel transmit light, the battery will quickly discharge. The container outside can

2. It is better to use distilled water or melt snow, as tap water is highly mineralized, and

3. 15% common salt solution is obtained by diluting 5 tablespoons of salt in one liter of water.

well, here's more:
Homemade battery
If you don’t have a set of fresh batteries on hand, you can make a homemade power supply. To do this, you will need two carbon rods from an old battery, two woven bags with a diameter of 20.25 mm and a height of 60 mm. Rods are installed in them and filled with activated carbon (crushed medical tablets).

The following solution is used as an electrolyte: dissolve 5 tablespoons of table salt, 2 g of boric acid and 3 g of sugar in 1 liter of water.

The walls of the glass jar need to be painted with black paint.
The power supply will output 1.5V.

How to make a battery with your own hands
Of course, now there are no problems with buying batteries and accumulators, but, apparently, it will be interesting for you to get acquainted with the design of a gas accumulator. Consider

battery blocks of 200A

Next, we solder in each block 80 pieces in parallel, 4 cans each, we use cassettes for a set of battery cans, you can buy on aliexpress. We also need a copper bus with a thickness of 1-2mm. thin copper wire. Next, solder the findings from every 4 pcs. 18650 for the controller that will monitor the charge of the cans.

We connect 3 such assemblies in series and get a powerful battery.

Quality Li-ion 18650 charging systems

IMAX B6 MINI PROFESSIONAL BALANCE CHARGER/DISCHARGER

Opus BT-C3100 (version 2.2) Intelligent Li-ion/NiCd/NiMH battery charger

How does the BMS board work?

– increase in service life,

– keeping the battery in working condition.

Functions BMS (Battery Management System)

1. Monitoring the condition of the battery cells in terms of:

– voltage: total voltage, individual cell voltage, minimum and maximum cell voltage,

- charge and depth of discharge,

– charge/discharge currents,

Incorrect charging is one of the most common causes of li-ion battery failure, so charge control is one of the main functions of the BMS microcontroller.

Based on the above points, BMS evaluates:

– maximum allowable charge current,

– maximum allowable discharge current,

- the amount of current during discharge,

is the internal resistance of the cell,

- the total operating time of the battery during operation.

The BMS protects the battery by preventing it from exceeding safe operating limits. BMS guarantees the safety of connecting / disconnecting the load, flexible load management, protects the battery from:

– overcurrent,

– overvoltage (during charging),

- voltage drops below the permissible level (during discharge),

1. Balancing. Balancing is a method of evenly distributing charge among all cells in a battery, thereby maximizing battery life.

– providing a modular charging process,

- by adjusting the output currents of the battery cells connected to the consumer.

How to make a powerful battery with your own hands
We make a powerful power bank for 12 volt 200A / h We need 240 pieces of 18650 A lot of tin and a lot of patience

A battery or galvanic cell is a chemical source of electric current. All batteries sold in stores, in fact, have the same design. They use two electrodes of different composition. The main element for the negative terminal (anode) of saline and alkaline batteries is zinc, and for their positive (cathode) manganese. The cathode of lithium batteries is made of lithium, and a wide variety of materials are used for the anode.

An electrolyte is located between the electrodes of the batteries. Its composition is different: for salt batteries with the lowest resource, ammonium chloride is used. Alkaline batteries use potassium hydroxide, while lithium batteries use an organic electrolyte.

When the electrolyte interacts with the anode, an excess of electrons is formed near it, which creates a potential difference between the electrodes. When the electrical circuit is closed, the number of electrons is constantly replenished due to a chemical reaction, and the battery maintains the flow of current through the load. In this case, the anode material gradually corrodes and collapses. With its full development, the battery life is exhausted.

Despite the fact that the composition of the batteries is balanced by manufacturers to ensure their long and stable operation, you can make the battery yourself. Consider several ways how you can make a battery with your own hands.

Method one: a lemon battery

This homemade battery will use the citric acid electrolyte found in the pulp of a lemon. For electrodes, take copper and iron wires, nails or pins. The copper electrode will be positive, and the iron electrode will be negative.

The lemon needs to be cut across into two parts. For greater stability, the halves are placed in small containers (glasses or glasses). It is necessary to connect the wires to the electrodes and immerse them in a lemon at a distance of 0.5 - 1 cm.

Now you need to take a multimeter and measure the voltage on the resulting galvanic cell. If it is not enough, then you will also need to make several identical lemon batteries with your own hands and connect them in series using the same wires.

Method two: a jar of electrolyte

To assemble a device with your own hands, similar in design to the first battery in the world, you will need a glass jar or a glass. We use zinc or aluminum (anode) and copper (cathode) for the electrode material. To increase the efficiency of the element, their area should be as large as possible. It would be better to solder the wires, but the wire will have to be attached to the aluminum electrode with a rivet or bolted connection, since it is difficult to solder it.

The electrodes are immersed inside the jar so that they do not touch each other, and their ends are above the level of the jar. It is better to fix them by installing a spacer or slotted cover.
For the electrolyte, we use an aqueous solution of ammonia (50 g per 100 ml of water). An aqueous solution of ammonia (ammonia) is not the ammonia used for our experiment. Ammonium chloride (ammonium chloride) is an odorless white powder used in soldering as a flux or as a fertilizer.

The second option for preparing the electrolyte is to make a 20% solution of sulfuric acid. In this case, you need to pour acid into water, and in no case vice versa. Otherwise, the water will instantly boil and its splashes, along with acid, will fall on clothes, face and eyes.

Protective goggles and chemical resistant gloves are recommended when working with concentrated acids. Before you make a battery using sulfuric acid, you should study the safety rules when working with aggressive substances in more detail.

It remains to pour the resulting solution into a jar so that at least 2 mm of free space remains to the edges of the vessel. Then, using a tester, select the required number of cans.

A self-assembled battery is similar in composition to a salt battery, as it contains ammonium chloride and zinc.

Method three: copper coins

The ingredients for making such a battery with your own hands are:

• copper coins,
• aluminium foil,
• thick cardboard,
• table vinegar,
• wires.

It is easy to guess that the electrodes will be copper and aluminum, and an aqueous solution of acetic acid is used as an electrolyte.

Coins first need to be cleaned of oxides. To do this, they will need to be briefly dipped in vinegar. Then we make circles of cardboard and foil according to the size of the coins, using one of them as a template. We cut out the mugs with scissors, put the cardboard ones in vinegar for a while: they should be saturated with electrolyte.

During the operation of this self-assembled battery, the coins will become completely unusable, so do not use numismatic material that is of cultural and material value.

Method four: a battery in a beer can

The anode of the battery is the aluminum body of the beer can. The cathode is a graphite rod.

• a piece of foam with a thickness of more than 1 cm,
• coal chips or dust (you can use what is left of the fire),
• water and common table salt
• wax or paraffin (candles can be used).

From the jar you need to cut off the top. Then make a circle of foam plastic according to the size of the bottom of the can and insert it inside, having previously made a hole in the middle for the graphite rod. The rod itself is inserted into the jar strictly in the center, the cavity between it and the walls is filled with coal chips. Then an aqueous solution of salt is prepared (3 tablespoons per 500 ml of water) and poured into a jar. To prevent the solution from spilling out, the edges of the jar are filled with wax or paraffin.

Clothespins can be used to connect wires to graphite rods.

Method five: potatoes, salt and toothpaste

This battery is disposable. It is suitable for starting a fire by shorting the wires to produce a spark.

To create a potato lighter you will need:

• big potato,
• two copper wires insulated,
• toothpicks or

Homemade battery from improvised means
How to make a homemade battery from available materials. A brief description of how a battery works. How to make a battery from a lemon, copper coins, potatoes, aluminum cans.

How easy it is to make a battery

Hello everyone again thinkers! Today I will tell you how to make a battery yourself and from improvised materials!

AA batteries are widely used cylindrical batteries with a nominal value of about 1.5V, about 49-50mm in length and 13.5-14.5mm in diameter. They are easy to make yourself, and the very manufacture of this brain homemade can serve as an excellent visual aid for explaining physical and chemical processes to children.

Step 1: Materials and Tools

• corrugated cardboard
• copper flat washers with a diameter of 10 mm - 12 pcs.
• zinc flat washers with a diameter of 10mm - 14-16pcs.
• heat-shrink tubing
• distilled water - 120ml
• vinegar - 30 ml
• table salt - 4 tablespoons.
• soldering iron and solder
• solution mixing cup
• digital multimeter
• scissors
• sandpaper
• needle nose pliers
• lighter or hot air gun
• old AA battery for verification

Step 2: Cleaning Washers

The basis of this homemade 11 copper-zinc elements that "give out" 1.5V. Copper and zinc washers must enter into chemical reactions, so we clean them from oxides, dirt, etc. Using brainskin with 100 grains, we do not just clean the washers, but polish them to a shine.

Step 3: Electrolyte preparation

Copper and zinc create a potential difference, but you also need a medium through which charges will pass between these potentials. For the electrolyte, dissolve 4 tablespoons of salt in 120 ml of distilled water, mix everything thoroughly until completely dissolved, then add 30 ml of vinegar and let it brew.

Step 4: Cardboard

To keep the washers at a distance from each other, you need to lay them brainboard, namely corrugated cardboard impregnated with electrolyte. We cut the corrugated cardboard into squares with a side of 1 cm and soak them in electrolyte, which was infused for at least 5 minutes after adding vinegar.

Step 5: Stretching the Tube

Now you need to slightly modify the heat shrink tube. To make it easier to install copper-zinc battery cells into the tube, we stretch the tube itself with needle nose pliers by about 10% of the initial diameter.

Step 6: Testing

It's time to test our elements. Put on a copper washer braincardboard, impregnated with electrolyte, and a zinc washer on it. Use gloves! Next, turn on the multimeter in the “constant 20V” mode, touch the copper washer with the black wire, and the zinc washer with the red one. The multimeter should show about 0.05-0.15V, this is enough to create a battery of 11 copper-zinc cells.

Step 7: Battery Assembly

We collect the battery from the prepared elements: copper - zinc - cardboard. It is in this sequence. See photo.

First, we insert a copper washer into the tube, align it perpendicular to the length of the tube, put a zinc washer on it, then cardboard, and so on, all 11 elements. For convenience, lightly tamp the elements with a plastic rod.

After installing the last zinc washer, we verify the resulting workpiece homemade with an old standard AA battery, if necessary, add another zinc washer. After adjusting the length, we heat the tube, thereby forming a battery, cut off the excess ends.

Step 8: Mounting the contacts

It remains to add contacts. We heat up soldering iron and solder balls of solder to the ends of the battery. That is, we solder a ball of solder onto the copper end, so that when installed in the battery holder, our homemade product touches the contact of the battery holder. Then we turn the battery over and do the same with the zinc end.

Step 9: Everything is ready, apply!

A homemade battery is ready, let's try it in action. We connect the multimeter in the "constant 20V" mode and measure the voltage, it should be about 1.5V

If the voltage is below 1.5 V, then try stretching the battery a little, if this does not help, then you may have made a mistake in the order in which the washers were installed.

If everything is in order, then install the battery in your favorite braingadgets and enjoy their work!

How easy it is to make a battery
How easy it is to make a battery Greetings to all brainers again! Today I will tell you how to make a battery yourself and from improvised materials! AA batteries are widely

Of course, the battery is easy to buy at any hardware store, electronics store or hypermarket. However, for the sake of interesting experiments and gaining knowledge of the "school of life", it is still worth knowing how to make a battery with your own hands. Moreover, the process of such work is very entertaining and uncomplicated.

Lemon battery: two options

For the first option you will need:

• actual lemon;
• galvanized nail;
• 2 small pieces of copper wire;
• copper coin;
• small light bulb.

The work process is as follows:

1. Make two cuts on the fruit at some distance from each other.
2. Place a nail in one notch and a coin in the other.
3. Connect a piece of wire to both the nail and the coin. The second ends of this makeshift wiring should be in contact with the contacts of the light bulb.
4. And all - let there be light!

A homemade sour fruit battery can also be made using:

• the same lemon;
• paper clip;
• light bulbs;
• 2 pieces of insulated copper wire with a diameter of 0.2-0.5 mm and a length of 10 cm.

The algorithm is the following:

1. Strip 2-3 cm of insulation from the ends of each of the wires.
2. Attach the exposed part of one wire to the paperclip.
3. Make two cuts in the lemon 2-3 cm apart - along the width of the paper clip and for the second wiring. Insert these elements into the fruit.
4. Attach the free ends of the wire to the contact part of the light bulb. If it does not catch fire, then the selected lemon is not powerful enough - connect several fruits in series with each other and repeat the experiment.

Potato battery

Stock up:

• two potatoes;
• three wires with clamps;
• two chrome nails;
• two copper nails.

So, how to make a battery from tubers:

1. Give the symbol for each of the potatoes - "A" and "B".
2. Insert a chrome-plated carnation into the edges of each of the tubers.
3. In the opposite edge - a copper nail. In the body of potatoes, nails should not intersect.
4. Take any device powered by a battery, remove it and leave the compartment open.
5. The first wire should connect the tuber's copper pin "A" to the positive pole in the battery compartment.
6. The second wire connects the chrome potato pin "B" to the negative pole.
7. The last wire connects the chrome nail of tuber "A" to the copper nail of tuber "B".
8. As soon as you close all the wires in this way, the potato will begin to power the device with energy.

Potatoes in this experiment can be replaced with a banana, avocado, or any of the citrus fruits.

Battery made of foil, cardboard and coins

Before you make a battery, prepare:

• copper coins;
• vinegar;
• salt;
• cardboard;
• foil;
• scotch;
• two pieces of insulated copper wire.

Everything is ready? For business:

1. First you need to thoroughly clean the coins - for this, pour vinegar into a glass container, add salt there and add money.
2. As soon as the surfaces of the coins have changed and sparkled, remove them from the container, take one and circle its outline on cardboard 8-10 times.
3. Cut out cardboard circles along the contour. Then place them in a container of vinegar for a while.
4. Fold the foil several times so that you end up with 8-10 layers. Circle a coin on it and also cut out round details along the contour.
5. At this point, start assembling the battery. It is done like this: a copper coin, cardboard, foil. In this order, add up all the components you have in a column. The final layer should be only a coin.
6. Remove the insulation from the ends of the wires.
7. Cut off a small strip of adhesive tape, glue one end of the wire on it, put an impromptu battery on top, and the tip of the second wire on it. Fasten the structure securely with adhesive tape.
8. Connect the second ends of the wire to the "+" and "-" of the device to be energized.

Eternal battery

Prepare:

• glass jar;
• a silver element - for example a spoon;
• food film;
• copper wire;
• 1 teaspoon of baking soda;
• 4 vials of glycerin;
• 1 teaspoon 6% apple cider vinegar

1. Wrap the spoon tightly with cling film, leaving its top and bottom ends slightly bare.
2. Now it's time to wrap the spoon over the film with copper wire. Remember to leave long ends at the beginning and end for contacts. Make space between turns.
3. And again a layer of film, and behind it - wires in the same way. There should be at least seven layers of "film-wire" on this impromptu reel. Do not overtighten the layers - the film should wind freely.
4. In a glass jar, prepare a solution of glycerin, salt, and vinegar.
5. After the salt has dissolved, the coil can be immersed in the solution. As soon as the liquid becomes cloudy, the "eternal" battery will be ready for use. Its service life directly depends on the silver content in the base element of the coil.

Graphite rod: application

The graphite component from old batteries is not only the basis for a new energy source, but also an element that can be used for electric welding. This is done in a simple way:

1. Sharpen a graphite rod from an old battery at an angle of 30-40 degrees.
2. Use an alligator clip with a non-conductive handle to connect it to the "+" and "-" of an AC or DC power source.
3. Connect "0" and "-" to the cleaned part.
4. The electrode must be sharpened periodically as it burns out.

How to make a battery at home? You will need improvised materials, a little enthusiasm and perseverance. In exchange, you will receive alternative energy sources.

The first lead-acid battery was invented and tested by French physicist Gaston Plante. He twisted two lead plates into a roll, after laying a separating cloth between them. The roll was placed in a vessel and filled with salt water. As a result, if you apply voltage to the plates, then it is charged. And then, if you connect a light bulb to it, or something else, then for some time it could give the stored energy to the burning of this light bulb. Also, after charging, the energy in such a battery could be stored without loss for a long time. This marked the beginning of an era lead acid batteries.

But the main disadvantage of such a roll battery is its small capacity. Later it was found that if such a battery is charged and discharged several times changing the polarity (+ -), then the capacity increases. This is due to the fact that a layer of lead oxide formed on the plates, and the plates softened, becoming like a sponge. The acid could now penetrate deeper into the plates, allowing more lead to enter the chemical process.

These charge-discharge cycles, changing plus to minus and back, were called plate forming. To build up a thick layer of lead oxide, a lot of energy and time had to be expended. But later, one young man who worked as an assistant to Plante decided to do things differently. He decided to immediately apply lead oxide to the plates, thus he immediately got a more capacious battery. Subsequently, this technology has been slightly improved. They began to make lead gratings, which were smeared with lead oxide in the form of a paste. A paste was prepared from lead oxide, to which a little water or electrolyte was added and stirred until a thick consistency.

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After more than 100 years, the technology for manufacturing batteries has not changed in principle. In production, lead gratings are also made by casting or stamping, and smeared with a paste consisting of lead oxide, plus additional additives that prevent the paste from disintegrating and give other desired properties. Separating spacers between the plates are also made of modern materials, which prevents the spread from falling out of the grates and prevents the plates from closing to each other. Each plant, and for different types of batteries (traction, starter, etc.) has its own subtleties, but in general the technology is the same.

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Now you can think about whether you can do lead acid battery at home, so that it is profitable and effective. First of all, it's about lead, where can I get it? In unusable batteries, but if one car battery is melted down, then the output will be only about 1.5 kg of lead, and it will become clear that it is not profitable to extract lead in this way. In order to melt all the lead contained in the battery, part of which is in the form of oxide, sulfate and other elements that are contained in the grating, then a melting furnace and additional chemistry and conditions are needed, so at home on a fire you get a tin can of lead and a whole bunch of slag .

Then you can buy lead, there is sheet lead, and in ingots, it is not expensive. If you make it from sheet lead, then you can roughly estimate the cost of one battery. If you delve into the literature, you can find out that from one square meter of plate area you can get a capacity of about 5-10Ah. Then for one can with a capacity of 50-100Ah, 10 sq.m of lead is needed. Since 6 cans are needed for 12 volts, about 60 square meters of lead are needed, respectively. The thinnest sheets on sale are 0.5 mm, the weight of one square meter of such a lead sheet is 5.7 kg. Since the sheet area works on both sides, it means that we need not 60 sq.m, but 30 sq.m for the battery. Then it turns out that a battery with a capacity of 50-100 Ah needs 30 * 5.7 \u003d 171 kg of lead, the cost for 1 kg is about 150 rubles, and the price for lead alone will be about 25,000 rubles, which is 5-6 times more expensive than a factory battery with a capacity of 100Ah.

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It is possible to increase the capacity of the plates by molding, by means of charging and discharging, swapping plus and minus, but it is not known how many cycles need to be done to significantly increase the capacity. Plante molded the plates with electricity for three months. During this time, a lot of energy will be spent on molding, and as a result, the battery will only rise in price. From all this it is clear that it is not economically profitable to make a battery from sheet lead.

Yes, by the way, at the expense of the durability of the battery with sheet lead plates. Such a battery will last much longer, since the plates are solid and from deep discharges, high discharge currents, the spread will not leave, which simply does not exist, but the sulfation of the plates will be exactly the same as that of a conventional battery, therefore, in fact, this one is longer than usual. the battery will not last. True, it can be disassembled and cleaned of white plaque (sulfate) and it can continue to work.

The problem is that sheet lead does not have an oxide layer, or rather it does, because of it the lead becomes dark gray, but this layer is too thin. Oxide is lead oxidized by oxygen, it is obtained in different ways in production. But at home, this dust is difficult to obtain. Of course, you can try to moisten the plates with water so that they oxidize in the fresh air, but what oxide layer can be built up in this way and how long it will take is not known, so you can forget about a rolled sheet lead battery.

A good battery will turn out if you use lead foil instead of plates. So you can increase the area several times with the same weight, but you can’t make foil at home, and there is no pure lead foil on sale, and it would cost several times more than sheet lead of the same weight. Therefore, a good option with foil disappears. Or set up a rolling machine at home and make foil yourself.

You can try to make plates as they do at the factory, it is not difficult to cast gratings. They are thick and the casting mold is easy to make. But the problem is in the spread, because it consists of lead oxide, but how to make it at home. For example, something to erase lead into dust, or small chips, then pour it with water or electrolyte and constantly mix it in some kind of container so that it oxidizes on oxygen, but this is difficult and pointless to do at home, since the finished battery will come out much cheaper.

That's probably all I wanted to say in a nutshell. For myself, I concluded that DIY lead battery possible, but time-consuming and not profitable, so in this case, you can safely put a big and bold point. Also, reading a lot of information about other types of batteries, I came to the conclusion that nothing normal at home and using available and cheap materials will not work. If you have questions or any conclusions, please leave comments.

You will need

• - glass jar;
• - lead:
• - clay;
• - sulfuric acid;
• - measured chemical glassware;
• - direct current source;
• - hydrometer;
• - tester or multimeter;
• - distilled or rain water;
• - wires;
• - an electric bulb for 2.5-3 V;
• - locksmith tools.

Instruction

The battery is made up of individual cells. Make one of these items. Take sheet lead 5-6 mm thick. If you have lead only in the form of ingots, make a mold out of it, dry it and cast plates of the thickness you need by heating the lead on a stove or burner. The plates should have hangers on which they will be held on the top edge of the can. In order not to engage in soldering, when casting the plates, you can immediately put pieces of stripped copper wire into the mold, which will later be used to connect to a charger or energy consumer.

Install the molded plates on the top edges of the glass jar. Bank better rectangular. The plates should not touch each other and the bottom of the jar. To avoid a short circuit, you can put glass rods or tubes between the plates. The distance from one plate to another should not be less than 1 cm.

Such a battery is called acid, so it uses an electrolyte based on sulfuric acid. The electrolyte can be bought ready-made, but if necessary, nothing prevents it from being made. Concentrated sulfuric acid, which can be found commercially, has a specific gravity of 1.08. Break it up like this. For 3.5 volumes of water, 1 volume of sulfuric acid is taken. Pour water into a chemical glassware, preferably distilled. You can buy it at an auto shop. Filtered rainwater is also suitable. Add sulfuric acid to the water in a thin stream with constant stirring. Remember to make sure that the solution does not splatter. Allow the liquid to cool (sulfuric acid gets very hot when dissolved). The density of the solution according to the Baumé hydrometer should be 21-22 ° C.

Prepare . Immediately after filling the battery, it will be needed. Pour in the electrolyte so that its level is 1 cm below the top edge of the jar and the top edge of the plates. Immediately proceed to the first charge, which is carried out only with direct current. Mark the polarity of the plates with "+" and "-" signs. A fully charged acid battery should show a voltage of 2.2 V on the plates.

All mechanical and chemical work on the battery has been completed, but its capacity is still small. To increase it, carry out molding. Connect a light bulb to the output wires and allow the battery to fully discharge to this load. Check the discharge with a tester or multimeter.

After discharging, charge the battery “in reverse”, that is, by swapping the wires going to the charger so that “+” becomes “-” and vice versa. Discharge the battery again through the bulb. It is advisable to do this operation 15-20 times in order to approximately double the battery capacity. It doesn't need to be molded anymore.

It is desirable to provide the battery with a lid to protect the electrolyte from contamination. The cover can be made from any dielectric, even from wood impregnated with paraffin. It is advisable to arrange the battery terminals in the form of terminals or clamps. Be sure to mark their polarity at the end of the last molding cycle. When using an acid battery, instead of the evaporated electrolyte, do not add a new one, add only water to the previous level. If you want to make a battery, connect several of these batteries in series.