Machines for transporting and applying mastics. Bituminous mastics (recipe and description)

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Manual machines for construction work

Machines for working with bituminous mastics

Unit for pumping bituminous mastics SO-119A

(TU 22-4749-80) is used in industrial and civil construction in the production of waterproofing and roofing works from rolled materials. For pumping bituminous mastics with dusty, fibrous and combined fillers. Climatic version of the unit V, operating conditions category 1 according to GOST 15150-69, UZ electrical equipment.

The device of the SO-119A unit (Fig. 61). The unit consists of a frame, a pump, a coupling, an engine and electrical equipment. The frame serves to mount the pump, protected by a casing, and the engine.

The volumetric pump consists of a driving and driven shafts, which are spur gears made integral with the shaft, bushings, a pair of gears and covers removed from the working area, a heater, a temperature switch and a safety valve.

Rice. 1. Unit for pumping bituminous mastics SO-119A
1 - pump; 2 - casing; 3 - electric motor; 4 - cabinet with ballasts; 5-coupling; b-frame

Shaft seals consist of asbestos rings, gaskets and bushings. The seals are pressed by springs. The side clearance between the gears and bushings is carried out by pressing the bushings to the cover with bolts. Torque is transmitted to the pump from the engine through a dog clutch.

The safety valve consists of a housing, a valve, a spring, an adjusting screw and a cap.’ The heater housing is integral with the pump base.

The principle of operation of the unit. The pump receives rotation through the cam clutch from the electric motor. During the rotation of a pair of gears, the torque is transmitted to the working pair of gears, during the rotation of which the mastic filling the cavity of the teeth is transferred from the suction zone to the discharge zone. The working gears have a constant guaranteed gap between the side surfaces of the teeth, equal to the size of the abrasive inclusions in the mastic, which increases the durability of the gears. The safety valve is adjusted with a screw, which is locked with a cap. The safety valve is adjusted by the manufacturer to a pressure of 0.8 MPa, after which it is sealed.

The heater is used to heat the pump up to operating temperature.

The electrical equipment of the unit provides the power supply voltage of the power circuit with two neutral wires, one of which serves to ground the unit.

The supply of voltage to the unit is carried out by a switch, at the same time the supply of voltage to the installation is signaled by a light bulb that burns in full heat.

By pressing the button, the starter is switched on through the intermediate relay, which connects the heater to the network with its power contact.

The pump heating temperature is controlled by a temperature relay, which is adjusted to a working temperature of 100 °C. When the pump reaches the set temperature, the temperature switch turns off the heater. By pressing the button, the starter is turned on, which, with its contacts, connects the pump drive to the network. Pressing another button turns off the heater and pump.

IN wiring diagram current protection provided short circuit and from overload. Grounding of electrical equipment is carried out by a grounding bolt. Disconnect the unit from the grid with a switch.

Checking the serviceability and preparing the unit for operation. Before starting the operation of the unit, the operator must check the serviceability by external inspection to detect accidental damage, check the reliability of fastening of all components, connect the mastic pipeline system to the suction and pressure openings, connect the unit to the mains, check the correct connection of the motor phases by short-term switching on. The direction of rotation is indicated on the cover of the unit.

Preparation for the operation of the unit consists in preheating the pump. To do this, press the "Heating" button on the control panel of the electrical cabinet. The signal lamp is lit at half intensity. After the light bulb lights up in full heat, the electric motor is turned on with the "Start" button.

Methods and procedure for performing work. After heating the mastic and turning on the electric motor, work on pumping begins bituminous mastic on site for waterproofing or roofing work. At the end of the work, the mastic is drained from the system, the pump is washed with diesel fuel, the unit is disconnected from the network.

Safety measures when working with the CO-119A unit. Persons who have studied the device and operation of the unit, have been instructed in safety precautions and fire safety.

The place of work of the unit must be equipped with fire extinguishing means. You can start working with the unit only after making sure that the unit is in good condition and that it is complete. The unit must be earthed in accordance with existing rules on electrical safety of work with electrical installations.

During installation and dismantling of the unit, use only serviceable tools and devices.

It is forbidden: to repair the unit, clean and lubricate without disconnecting from the mains; leave the unit unattended during operation; work without a casing;
work without protective mask with a transparent screen C40 according to TU 64-1-465-76E and without canvas gloves. The unit must be serviced by an operator of the 3rd category.
Maintenance and lubrication of the C0-119A unit. To maintain the unit in good condition, the following types maintenance: shift maintenance and periodic maintenance after 100 hours of operation.

During daily maintenance, the following are carried out:
- inspection of the unit, checking the condition of mounting assembly units;
checking the grounding of the unit;
- checking the tightness of the connection between the suction and discharge lines.

Periodic maintenance includes:
- a set of works on shift maintenance;
- checking the adjustment of the safety valve;
- performance of lubrication operations in accordance with the lubrication scheme and lubrication table.

When checking the state of fastening of assembly units, there should be no loosening of bolted connections.

When checking for grounding, the ground conductor must be bolted to the frame.

When checking the tightness of the connection between the suction and discharge lines, the connection must not leak mastic.

When checking the adjustment of the safety valve, it should be established that the valve is set to a pressure of 0.8 MPa.

Shaft bearings and gears should be lubricated with CIATIM-221 grease through a grease fitting after 100 hours of operation.

Lubricants and oils not recommended by the manufacturer may only be used after official confirmation of their suitability by the manufacturer. In table. 37 shows the main malfunctions in the operation of the unit and recommendations for their elimination.

The machine for applying bituminous mastics SO-122A (TU 4750-80) is designed to receive, maintain the set temperature and apply bituminous mastics. The machine is used in the installation of a waterproofing carpet, vapor barrier and priming on surfaces with a slope of up to 15% in industrial and residential construction at an air temperature of -20 CC to +40 °C and in the absence of precipitation.

The device of the machine (Fig. 2). The SO-122A machine consists of a tank, a group of pumps, a chassis, electrical equipment, a fishing rod and a pipeline.

The tank is rectangular container, which is insulated from the outside with asbestos cloth. There are two compartments inside the tank, into which 90 liters of mastic and 8 liters of diesel fuel are poured.

In the mastic compartment, a heating element TEN-5 is installed to maintain the temperature of the mastic at 50 ... 200 ° C. Diesel fuel is heated due to heat transfer from the mastic and is intended for heating and flushing the pump, pipeline and fishing rod.

From above the tank has filling mouths which are closed by covers. In the lower part of the tank there are two nozzles for intake of diesel fuel and mastic, a two-way valve for supplying diesel fuel and a three-way valve for supplying mastic or diesel fuel to the suction cavity of the pump. In front of the tank there are 2 plugs for draining mastic and diesel fuel.

Rice. 2. Machine for applying bituminous mastics SO-122A
1 - wheel; 2 - safety clutch; 3 - protective cover; 4 - frame; 5 - device for heating; 6 - device for controlling the heating temperature; 7 - safety valve; 8 - gear pump; 9 - branch pipe; 10, 12 - filling necks; 11- heaters; 13 - branch pipe; 14 - tank

The pump group is designed to supply mastic to the rod and consists of a gear pump with a built-in safety valve, safety clutch and protective cover mounted on the frame.

The pump is equipped with devices for heating and for controlling the heating temperature, operating in automatic mode.

The safety valve is adjusted to a pressure of 0.8 MPa.

The chassis consists of a tubular frame, two wheels on tires low pressure, fixed support serving simultaneously as a brake. The chassis is designed for mounting assembly units, moving the machine and slinging.

The principle of operation of the SO-122A machine. After heating the mastic to the set temperature, the pump motor is turned on. When the gear pump is operating, the mastic is sucked in from the tank, supplied under pressure through the pressure pipeline to the fishing rod and sprayed with a centrifugal nozzle, which allows you to adjust the thickness of the applied layer.

Machine Specification

Checking the serviceability and preparing the machine for work. Before starting the machine, the following work must be carried out:
- produce visual inspection the whole machine and troubleshoot: Special attention is given to the state of the pipeline and the position of the heating elements inside the tank. The heating element must be installed at least 4 mm below the upper level of the mastic suction pipe;
- connect the pipe rod to the pump;
- close the valves for supplying diesel fuel and mastic;
- fill the tank compartments with diesel fuel and mastic;
- close the mouths with lids;
- connect the electrical cabinet to the power supply;
- turn on the heating of the pump and, if necessary, the heating of the mastic;
- after heating the pump to a temperature of 100 ° C, which is controlled by a temperature relay built into the pump, close the diesel fuel supply valve, insert the fishing rod into the neck of the diesel fuel compartment, turn on the pump and drive the diesel fuel around the ring (diesel fuel compartment - pump - fishing rod - compartment with diesel fuel);
- turn off the pump;
- close the diesel fuel supply valve.

Techniques and procedure for performing the work of the machine. The machine is serviced by two workers: the operator controls the machine, and the roofer works with a fishing rod.

The machine is put into operation in the following sequence:
- open the mastic supply valve, insert the fishing rod into the mouth for pouring the mastic, turn on the pump and the mastic is driven around the ring (compartment with mastic - pump - fishing rod - compartment with mastic; turn off the pump);
- the nozzle of the fishing rod is directed to the zone of application of the mastic;
- turn on the pump by turning the switch lever to the "Work" position.

During operation of the machine, when the heating of the mastic is turned on, it is necessary to ensure that the heating elements are not exposed, as well as the uniformity of applying the mastic with a nozzle.

When stopping during operation, a short-term (5-10 s) reversal of the pump is performed to prevent the mastic from solidifying in the pipeline.

After finishing the work it is necessary: ​​to work out or drain the mastic from the tank; close the mastic supply valve; open the diesel fuel supply valve and flush the pump, pipeline, fishing rod.

Safety measures when working with the machine SO-122A. Persons who have reached the age of 18, who have studied the structure of the machine and have been instructed in labor safety with the machine and fire safety, are allowed to work. You can start working with the machine only after making sure that it is in good condition, that the pipeline is in good condition and that the complete set of devices providing normal work cars.

The machine must be grounded by the operator in accordance with electrical safety requirements. The place of work must be equipped with fire extinguishing equipment.

When assembling, dismantling, adjusting and repairing the machine, it is necessary to use serviceable tools and devices. Upon completion of work, it is necessary to inspect the pipelines. If cracks, tears and other defects in pipelines are found, they must be replaced.
During operation it is prohibited:
- work on the machine if the heating element is installed above the branch pipe for mastic intake;
- work with a pipeline manufactured in non-compliance with the requirements for sealing the sleeve;
- repair, clean and lubricate the machine if it is not disconnected from the mains;
- work without protective goggles and gloves;
- leave the machine unattended during work;
- leave the car long time without first draining the mastic from the tank.

After 20 hours of operation on hot mastics or after 40 hours of operation on cold mastics, it is necessary to replace the pipeline.

Maintenance and lubrication of the CO-122A machine. To keep the machine in good working order, the following types of maintenance are installed: shift maintenance and periodic maintenance after 100 hours of operation. Maintenance machine is produced after 600 hours of operation, overhaul- after 800 hours of operation.

- inspection of the machine with a check of its completeness;
- inspection of the pipeline in order to determine on its surface and at the junctions of breaks, local swellings and seepage of mastic, which are not allowed;
- cleaning machine components from dirt, hardened mastic and dust with a scraper and rags soaked in diesel fuel;
- tightening reliability check threaded connections and tighten them all the way.

During periodic maintenance, perform:
- daily maintenance operations;
- checking the serviceability of heaters, which must have good contacts and insulation resistance of at least 0.5 MΩ;
- checking the condition of electrical equipment, serviceability of equipment, reliability of connection and insulation resistance using a megohmmeter;
- checking the condition of the pump in order to prevent leakage in the drainage holes and under the safety valve gasket;
- lubrication of support wheel bearings with US-2 grease (press grease) according to GOST 1033-79 at temperatures up to 50 °C, pump bearings, gear wheels with CIATIM-221 grease at temperatures up to 50 °C.

The motor bearings are lubricated in accordance with its passport.

The machine for heating, mixing and transporting mastic to the roof SO-100A (TU 22-4751-80) is designed for heating, mixing and transporting hot bituminous mastics to the roof, prepared centrally and delivered to the work site by bitumen trucks. Climatic version of the machine V, category of operating conditions in accordance with GOST 15150-69.

The device of the machine (Fig. 3). The machine is a container with a double bottom, a mixer mounted on a frame together with a pumping unit, electrical equipment and a control panel mounted on the trailer chassis.

The tank is a square heat-insulated welded tank, consisting of two compartments, tubular electric heaters (TEH) are installed in the space of the lower compartment. On the upper compartment of the tank there are: a cover, a filter for periodic cleaning of the suction pipe, two mastic temperature control sensors. On the sides of the tank there are niches for installing heating elements, which are closed from the outside with lids. At the front end of the container there is a sensor for monitoring the temperature of the coolant, and at the rear end there are nozzles for the intake and recirculation of the mastic. One of the nozzles is designed to drain or take mastic. The pipeline is attached to the flange.

The pump unit is mounted on a plate and consists of a gear pump, motor, cam clutch.

The frame is a welded structure, on the sides of which there are brackets for fastening sections of the pipeline in the transport position, as well as boxes for placing casings and tools, cables and bends, clamps, racks and additional sections of the pipeline.

The cover is a frame of welded structure, on which there is a loading hatch, a fitting for a level indicator, a filter and a mixer drive, closed by a casing.

The mixer drive consists of a worm gear connected by a belt drive to the engine.

The machine is connected to a three-phase electrical network alternating current voltage 380 V, frequency 50 Hz with zero (working) and protective (grounding) wires for controlling working bodies. The control circuit of the machine is powered by 220 V, 50 Hz, through an isolation (step-down) transformer. The alarm circuit is powered by 24 V, 50 Hz through a transformer.

Electric heaters are powered by a voltage of 220 V, a frequency of 50 Hz, obtained by connecting the heaters to the phase wires and the neutral (working) wire.

The pipeline is powered by a voltage of 12 or 24 V, obtained from a special transformer, in which the windings on the lower side are connected in a “triangle” or “star”, the pipeline is connected with a wire with a cross section of at least 95 mm2.

The principle of operation of the machine. The voltage supply to the installation is carried out by the input circuit breaker. The button turns on the oil heaters. At the same time, "on-duty heating" of the mastic is carried out with the help of heaters. The heaters are turned off by thermometers that control the temperature of the coolant and mastic. Thermometers are adjusted before starting work.

Turn on the heating of the pipeline and the pump using the button. The pipeline temperature is not controlled. The temperature of the pump is controlled by a temperature switch, which must be set to turn off the heaters when the temperature reaches 120 °C. The pump and mixer cannot be turned on until the mastic is at the minimum temperature set on the thermometer.

The mixer and pump are switched on with buttons. At the same time, the operation of the pump can be controlled from the roof using a portable push-button station. To turn off the mixer and pump heating, there are "Stop" buttons. For emergency stops, there is a "Common Stop" button on the control panel.

For production commissioning for the mixer and the pump in the electrical circuit, the "Adjustment" mode is provided.

Ammeters installed on the control panel show the phase load when the heaters are on and make it possible to determine the integrity of the heaters.

If the length of the interphase part of the pipeline is less than 15 m, the supply voltage should be 12 V, and if the length is more than 15 m - 24 V. To switch the voltage, it is necessary to remove the visors from the side of the low voltage winding taps and rearrange the star jumper to the required voltage. Before work, it is necessary to ground the machine; perform daily maintenance of the machine; set the position of the control valves corresponding to the operating mode "Stop" on the plate. Connect the power cable to the power line. Fill the car with mastic.

Dismantle the pipeline in reverse order.

Methods and procedure for performing work. To heat the mastic, an introductory machine is turned on. On the control panel, set the key to the position of supplying voltage to the control circuit, and the signal light should light up.

On the thermometer set the maximum heating temperature of the coolant 260 °C. On the remaining thermometers, the minimum temperature of the mastic is set, at which the mixer is allowed to turn on, and the maximum temperature of the mastic. The switch is set to the "Work" mode. The heating of the mastic is switched on, which is indicated by the signal light.

Upon reaching maximum temperature mastics set the switch to the standby heating mode, and the signal lamp lights up.

30 minutes before mastic transportation, heating of the pipeline, pump and mixer is turned on. At the same time, a signal light indicates that the pump and pipeline are warming up.

To transport the mastic to the roof, the dispensing cranes are set to the position of the “Feed” operating mode, according to the plate. On the remote control controls press the pump start button.

To stop the transportation of mastic to the roof, press the "Stop" button on the remote control panel or on the control panel remote control. Dispensing valves are set to the "Recirculation" mode. For emergency stop The machine has a Stop button on the control panel.

In the mastic recirculation mode, the dispensing taps are set to the “Recirculation” mode of operation according to the plate on the control panel. Press the pump start button on the control panel. To stop recirculation, press the pump stop button on the control panel.

Establishing the operating mode of the machine for draining the heated mastic from the tank sets the position of the taps to the "Stop" mode. Remove the safety flange from the drain pipe. Cranes are set to the position of the operating mode "Drain" according to the plate. After the end of mastic draining, the taps are set to the position of the "Stop" operating mode. The safety flange is fixed on the drain pipe.

After the end of the operation of the machine, the dispensing valves are set to the position of the "Stop" operating mode. On the control panel, press the general stop button of the machine. The control panel is closed and the introductory machine is turned off.

The sealing of the valves is replaced with stuffing box packing APS-6 according to GOST 5152-84. Upon completion of work pumping system flushed with diesel fuel.

Safety measures when working with the SO-100A machine. To work with the SO-100A machine, drivers of at least the 4th category are allowed, who have studied its structure and operation procedure, and have been instructed in safety.

The body of the machine must be grounded by the fourth core of the supply cable.
When operating the machine, it is prohibited:
- work on the machine without grounding;
- dismantle the machine without disconnecting the cable from the mains;
leave the machine turned on unattended;
- heat hot mastics over 220 °C, cold over 100 °C;
- installation of the pipeline without the use of lifting mechanisms;
- replacement of clamps for fastening the pipeline with other improvised means;
- operation of the machine without protective casings of the pipeline;
- the presence of unauthorized persons within a radius of 8 m during the installation of the pipeline and the transportation of mastics to the roof without the presence of primary fire extinguishing equipment (fire extinguisher);
- open the lids covering the heating element at a coolant temperature above 60 °C;
- work on the machine removed plug mastic drain cartridge.

Maintenance and lubrication of the SO-100A machine. To keep the machine in full readiness for work, the following types of maintenance are established: shift maintenance and periodic maintenance. The machine is serviced by a locksmith of the 3rd category.

Daily maintenance includes:
- inspection of the machine in order to determine the degree of completion in accordance with the passport of the machine;
- checking the fastening of the pipeline, the terminals of the supply
- cable on the pipeline and transformer, it must be established that the threaded connections are tightly tightened;
- required temperature control;
cleaning the machine and its components from dirt, hardened mastic and dust.

Periodic maintenance includes:
- performance of daily maintenance work;
- checking the tightening of threaded connections of the pipeline, pump, heaters; at the same time, the serviceability of the heaters and the serviceability and reliability of their contacts are checked;
- checking the insulation resistance with a megohmmeter, while the insulation resistance must be at least 0.5 MΩ;
- checking the serviceability and reliability of electrical equipment;
checking the condition of the pump, while not allowing leaks under the safety valve gasket;
- lubrication work.

Bearings of shafts, gears are lubricated through grease fittings with CIATIM-221 grease.

Bitumen-based mastic is a homogeneous material based on polymers, bituminous binder, herbicides, antiseptic, and filler. This helps the substance retain its elasticity and prevents dry cracking.

Due to the composition of the mastic, although it is not an expensive tool, it does not lose its properties on a car for a long time, while maintaining integrity.

Processing the bottom of the car with bituminous mastic

When processing the machine, it is worth remembering about necessary properties mixtures:

• high adhesion;
• wear resistance;
• resistance to mechanical damage;
• reliable isolation from electrolytes;
• the possibility of penetration into the smallest pores of the paint;
• lack of solubility in water;
• corrosion protection.

A bitumen-based mixture is used in car repairs due to the affordability and environmental friendliness of the components. As a rule, wheel arches, fenders, doors, etc. are processed with it. Now you know other components.

It is resistant to:

• alkalis and acids;
• temperature fluctuations;
• moisture;
• frost;
• bacteria and fungi.

Mastic, due to its consistency and properties, can be applied even to hard-to-reach places, which makes it indispensable for cars. However, in order to show best qualities this mixture must be used correctly.

Varieties

To choose which mixture is best for use on the surface of the car, it is worth considering their main types. Depending on the additives that affect the consistency and strength, mastics are distinguished with the addition of:

• polyurethane or rubber. Such mixtures are the most durable, withstanding stretching by 20 times, are not afraid of mechanical shocks;
• rubber. Used at temperatures from -40 to +100 degrees. The greatest strength is reached after a few days, and dry up to 1 day;
• oils. Used at temperatures from -50 to +80 degrees without the formation of a hard film.

Depending on the method of preparation and application, mastics are distinguished:

• one-component. They are used immediately after opening the container, but cannot be stored after use, as they harden and become unsuitable for further application;
• two-component. Prepare for application to cars by diluting with a thickener. This allows you to dilute right amount mixture, and use the rest next time due to the possibility of its long shelf life.

Application features

The main stages of car surface treatment in a car service are:

• sink (under high pressure and hot water)
• drying using a hot air blower;
• detection of defects on the surface of the car;
• application of a bituminous mixture under high pressure with the creation of a film with a thickness of up to 60 microns.

In order to better and better apply the mastic on the car yourself, you will need:

• roller with brush and spatula;
• airless sprayer.

Do not neglect washing and drying when applying mastic, even at home. Before applying, it is better to thoroughly clean the surface of the car to ensure good adhesion substance. A good ratio of the product to water is 1:1. To process one square meter of a car, you use 200 to 300 g of the mixture. When you apply the substance to the car, wait for the previous layer to dry (the period is from 2 to 4 hours - it all depends on the humidity and temperature of the garage).

Manufacturers

To answer the question: “Which mixture is better for a car?”, Consider the main manufacturers of mastic:

• CHAMALEON. The mixture of this brand is resistant to alkalis, acids, does not shrink, is excellent remedy thermal, noise and waterproofing and protection against corrosion. It is applied in two layers to the bare metal of a car, coated with a primer and car enamel. The material dries up to 6 hours and is applied from a distance of up to 30 cm, and cleaned with white spirit;

• Sprint UNDERBODY. Remedy Italian manufacturer it is resistant to mechanical and chemical influences, lays down a very durable layer and is used as. Sold in 1 liter jars. Optimum temperature for applying and drying the product - about +20 degrees;
• Body 930 . A product from a manufacturer from Greece is used as insulation and prevents corrosion on the car body. The coating is waterproof, resistant to mechanical shocks, perfectly absorbs vibration, dries up to 6 hours at room temperature;

• MasterWax AM110. Made in Russia. Thanks to triple defense mechanism is the most in an efficient way protect the machine from corrosion. Thermoplastic elastomer acts as a plasticizer in the mixture, which gives the coating even greater elasticity and resistance to temperature changes. Contains micronized filler.

Thus, if you want to take bituminous mastic for your car, choose a two-component composition that is suitable for manual application. In terms of "price-quality" ratio, the best of the presented is a mixture for a car domestic manufacturer MasterWax, which has a high-quality car protection mechanism, protecting its surfaces from scratches and moisture accumulation, leading to corrosion.

The main type of roofing is soft rolled roofing. There are also non-rolled roofs based on bitumen-polymer and polymer mastics. The mechanization of roof manufacturing processes includes transportation and laying of screeds on ceilings and roofs, laying and gluing polymer-bitumen-based roll materials, preparing and applying bitumen and polymer-bitumen mastics and emulsions, removing water and drying the roof bases.

For the installation of screeds under the roof, rigid solutions are used, the supply of which to the place of work is carried out pneumatically. A machine for preparing and supplying hard solutions (Fig. 21.17) is a cylindrical tank 2 mounted on a frame 1. A paddle shaft 9 rotates inside the tank to prepare a solution from dry mixtures and move it to the outlet pipe 13. A loading hatch is located in the upper part of the tank 3 with a cover 4, hermetically sealed with a lock 5, as well as pipelines with control valves 7, a pressure gauge 8 and a safety valve 12. A valve 6 is installed on the cover 4, balanced with a lock 5 to relieve pressure from the tank after the end of the solution supply. A pressure hose 10, ending with a nozzle 11, is connected to the outlet pipe.
is carried out through the hatch 3. The preparation of the solution takes place under pressure compressed air entering the tank from the compressor, which contributes to its aeration. The aerated mixture enters the outlet pipe in separate portions with air gaps due to the cyclic overlapping of the nozzle with the mixer blade, which allows the mixture to move over considerable distances (40 m vertically or 115 m horizontally) at a relatively low working pressure (up to 0.6 MPa). Compressed air consumption 2.2 ... 2.5 m3/min.

Laying and sticking of rolled material on a prepared base is usually done using improvised mechanisms and devices, however, there are also kits for the complex mechanization of these processes. The kit includes a trolley for transporting rolled material and a solvent - plasticizer to the work site, a device for supplying a solvent, an installation for applying a solvent and laying rolled material, roofing scissors and a device for rolling rolled material. Material Cart accommodates a 200L drum of solvent or six rolls of material. The installation for applying the solvent and laying the roll material is given in fig. 21.18. The installation frame consists of a trolley on wheels 7 and 11, to which is attached an arcuate bracket with foam rubber rollers / and 3 and pipelines 4 and 5 for supplying solvent from the dispenser 8 to them. solvent to both rollers, i.e., applying the solvent both on the surface of the rolled material 2 rolled out with the help of a pusher roller 6, and on the base covered by it. To apply the solvent manually at the beginning of the process of rolling out the material, the installation is provided with a fishing rod 9 with a rubber hose 10. For rolling in the material, the device develops a pressure of 0.04 MPa with a grip width of 955 mm.

For the preparation and application of bitumen and polymer-bitumen mastics to the surface, machines are used that provide heating, mixing, transportation and application of mastics to the roof (Fig. 21.19). They consist of a tank 2 for bitumen, a pump unit 5 installed on the chassis of the trailer 1, and pipes
wires 6. Bitumen is heated with the help of an intermediate coolant (high-boiling oil), heated by electric tubular heaters (heaters) 3. The upper compartment of the tank - bitumen - is equipped with a mixing system. The supply of mastic to the place of work is carried out by a special gear pump capable of pumping hot mass with a fibrous abrasive filler. The pipeline serves for.

The supply of mastic from the pump to the place of work and consists of separate; sections and knees with a heat-insulating shell. The pipeline is heated before starting work by ohmic resistance through a step-down transformer. On the suction and pressure pipelines are installed three-way valves. The first of them is designed to supply the mastic or liquid to the pump for flushing the pump, the second - to supply the mastic to the pipeline or to recirculate it back into the tank to increase the intensity of the heating of the mastic. The electrical equipment of the 4th machine ensures the start-up and normal operation of the pump when the mastic is heated, the operation of the pump drive, the control of the temperature of the pump heating, and the maintenance of the temperature of the mastic.

When arranging rollless roofing On the basis of polymer mastics, mobile stations are used that mechanize the full technological cycle of work: unloading the mastic, processing it to reduce viscosity, supplying it to the place of work and applying it to the surface by airless spraying. On the pneumatic wheel chassis 1 of such stations (Fig. 21.20) are installed: on the column 15 a rotary beam crane 2 with an electric hoist and a load gripping device 11, a technological 7 and a working 16 tank with mixers and augers, a compressor 3, a drum 19 for winding a pressure hose 18 s nozzle 17, pumps 5, piping system with pressure gauges 4, pressure valves 14 and taps 13. The mixers are driven by 8 electric motors through gearboxes. Tanks 7 and 16 are equipped with drain valves 6. When the station is operating, tanks 10 with mastic are installed using a beam crane into the receiving device 12, from where the mastic is drained through the neck 9 into tank 7. With a significant viscosity of the mastic, a compressor is used to squeeze it out. In the technological tank, the mastic is mixed and circulated through closed loop using pump 5 with the addition of solvents if necessary. Brought to working

The utility model relates to continuous machines for melting hot-applied bituminous mastics and automatically maintaining the mastic temperature necessary for technological process applying molten bitumen mastic to the surface of the main gas pipeline during construction and repair. Advantage of Hot Bituminous Mastic Melting Machine in Construction and Renovation Conditions main gas pipelines lies in the fact that the machine consists of two bitumen-melting boilers interconnected by technological bitumen pipelines, while as the solid mastic melts in one of the boilers, the liquid fraction is gradually pumped by special pumps into another boiler, in which the temperature of the liquid fraction, which is regulated in technological regulations for its use. At the same time, the process of flowing the liquid fraction is immediately replenished from another boiler. The mastic heated to 170-190°C is prepared within 2-4 hours, pumped into the finished mastic boiler and kept at a temperature of 160-180°C for no more than 3 hours until the moisture is completely evaporated. The finished mastic is fed by bitumen pumps to the insulating machine with the help of bitumen hoses and is applied to the surface of the repaired pipeline with its help. Further operation of the boilers can be carried out at any time without technological stops, which makes it possible to significantly increase the productivity of insulation and laying works on main gas pipelines. The main working tools-boilers are located on the frame of the machine and are interconnected by technological bitumen pipelines; a timer device and an automated pumping system for the liquid fraction from one boiler to another are used to start the operation of the boilers. To ensure a certain mastic temperature in the boiler and distribute this temperature within the specified ranges, automated devices for supplying gas to the nozzle and continuous mixing of bituminous mastic in boilers are used. For heating rolled material (reinforcing, roofing, etc.) during work in winter time the machine has a special place for heating, the stock of mastic briquettes is stored on the platform on the surface of the boilers. The use of the machine proposed for melting bituminous mastics of hot use in the conditions of construction and repair of main gas pipelines will reduce labor costs for maintenance and energy consumption of the device, increase its reliability and productivity while improving the quality of mastic preparation, reduce material losses, which will ensure environmental safety of work during construction and repair of main gas pipelines by avoiding pollution environment.

The utility model relates to continuous machines for melting hot-applied bituminous mastics and automatically maintaining the temperature of the mastic required to perform the technological process of applying molten bitumen mastic to the surface of a main gas pipeline during construction and repair.

Known installation for preparation and application waterproofing materials mastic type, containing a trailer with a frame, a container with a pipeline, a suction pipe, an outlet cock, a pump with an electric motor, hoses. A paddle mixer is installed directly in the tank, made with holes in the body, and heat heaters are located under the bottom of the tank, each of which is placed in a reflector, which has a hyperbola shape in cross section, with its concave part facing the bottom of the tank (Ed. St. USSR No. 285021, 1970).

A disadvantage of the known installation is the need for frequent cleaning of the pipeline system (internal line and external hoses with sprayers) with a special flushing material, and the complicated design of the heaters. All this testifies to the high labor costs for maintenance. In addition, this unit is completely unsuitable for use in roof repairs. elevated number of storeys, as it is intended mainly for ground movement and the application of waterproofing materials, in particular road surfaces.

A known installation is an electric boiler containing a container mounted on a support with a thermostat, an end drain valve, a lid and a thermally insulating casing, horizontally located in the lower part of the container heating elements with box guards, bitumen pump, system automatic control. The bottom of the tank is made with openings located in parallel in it, and the box-shaped fences are open from the bottom and connected by the ends of the walls with the edges of the corresponding openings in the bottom of the tank, forming a zigzag profile in the cross section of the latter, the ratio of the total volume of the box-shaped fences to the volume of the tank is 0.03-0, 05 capacity, and the ends of the fences from the side drain cock located relative to the wall of the container with a gap, and the container is made removable, has sides supported on a heat-insulating casing and is located in the latter with a gap equal to 1.5-2.0 of its wall thickness (Ed. St. USSR No. 1296658, 1987).

The disadvantage of the known device is that it is cumbersome. In addition, it is characterized by the complexity of the installation and dismantling of the structure, increased weight. The presence of a system of internal pipelines creates the possibility of clogging and the need for periodic cleaning with flushing material. In addition, the presence of a piping system inside the tank, box-shaped enclosures for heating elements makes it difficult to clean the tank, and it takes a lot of time to dismantle it (removing the pump from the cover, disconnecting the piping system, supply wires, etc.). The stationary position of the electric boiler and the zigzag profile of the bottom of the tank make it difficult to completely drain the bitumen from the tank, which requires additional labor for cleaning. The known device is not reliable during operation due to the frequent failure of the heating elements (burn out), which, being in box-shaped enclosures, experience increased electrical loads, and the openness of the latter from below, together with the gap between the casing and the container, makes it possible for bitumen to enter the heating elements, so how the gaskets, being in the zone of high temperatures, are deformed and wear out quickly, which reduces the degree of insulation of the heaters.

Closest to the claimed utility model in terms of the essential features and the achieved positive result is a device for heating and melting viscous materials (P RU No. 2076166, 1995, prototype). For heating and melting bitumen, a device is used that contains a housing, a removable container with an end face installed with the help of supporting boards with a gap. drain device and a cover with a loading hatch. Under the bottom of the tank are quartz tubes with a filament. The inner surface of the body at the base is made curved and faces the concave part towards the bottom of the container. The body is mounted on a chassis, consisting of a tubular frame with a handle and wheels.

The disadvantage of the known device is that it is cumbersome. In addition, it is characterized by the complexity of the installation and dismantling of the structure, increased weight. The use of the device is very time-consuming, which causes certain difficulties in the process of performing construction and installation operations in various natural, climatic and engineering-geological conditions of work during the construction and repair of gas pipelines.

The technical result to be achieved utility model is to reduce labor costs for maintenance and energy consumption of the device, increase its reliability and productivity while improving the quality of mastic preparation, reducing material losses, which will ensure environmental safety of work during the construction and repair of main gas pipelines by avoiding environmental pollution.

To achieve this technical result, a machine is proposed for melting hot bituminous mastics in the conditions of construction and repair of main gas pipelines, containing a frame mounted on running wheels, a boiler for melting mastic, a boiler for finished mastic, nozzles, an automatic control panel for boilers, bitumen pumps for pumping mastic liquid fraction from one boiler to another and mastic supply to the insulating machine, places for heating the working stock of rolled reinforcing materials and storing bitumen mastic briquettes, a cantilever beam for lifting rolled materials and bitumen mastic briquettes.

The present invention is illustrated by drawings, in which:

Figure 1 shows circuit diagram machines for melting bituminous mastics of hot use in the conditions of construction and repair of main gas pipelines;

Figure 2 shows a section along A-A of the inventive machine to show the location of functional devices inside the boiler with molten mastic;

Figure 3 shows a section along B-B of the inventive machine to show the location of functional devices inside the boiler with molten mastic.

Note: In all drawings, parts and assemblies of the same purpose are marked with the same position numbers.

Machine running in the following way. The machine is installed at the site of construction or repair of the linear part of the main gas pipeline next to the insulating machine for applying bitumen mastic to the surface of the gas pipeline and is coupled to the pipe-laying crane accompanying the insulating machine.

A machine for melting bituminous mastics for hot use in the conditions of construction and repair of main gas pipelines has a device for heating and melting viscous materials (10) under the influence of a heating element (18), a removable container with an end drain device, which is installed in a housing with a heater (16) with gap with support boards and which is equipped with a cover with a loading hatch (11).

The machine consists of a frame (12) mounted on running wheels (14), two boilers, a finished mastic boiler (3) and a mastic melt boiler (10), a place for heating the working stock of rolled reinforcing materials (1), a cantilever beam crane ( 2) for lifting rolled reinforcing materials and briquettes of bituminous mastic (7). The boilers are equipped with: special nozzles (4) and (13) for melting the mastic and maintaining the operating temperature of the liquid mastic fraction, distributive electrical panel(6), an automatic control panel for the operation of the boiler (5), an automated device for adjusting the gas supply to the nozzle (20) depending on the temperature of the mastic, and a device for ensuring continuous circulation of the mastic in the boilers (21). To remove products released during the mastic melt and create the necessary traction, a exhaust pipe(nine). Guards (8) and hatches (11) are mounted on the surface of the boilers for loading the mastic into the boiler.

The main working tools-boilers are located on the frame of the machine and are interconnected by technological bitumen pipelines; a timer device and an automated pumping system for the liquid fraction from one boiler to another are used to start the operation of the boilers. For storage and heating of the stock of mastic briquettes and rolled material (reinforcing, insulating) during work in winter, the machine has a special place - a platform on the surface of the boilers under the fence (8), as well as a container for storing rolled material (1).

Before starting the boilers into operation, the mastic coming from the factory in a cured state in briquettes weighing 3-5 kg ​​is cleared of packaging and loaded into the mastic melt boiler. The total amount of mastic must not exceed 2/3 of the boiler capacity. The mastic melting system is switched on.

With the nozzle (13) inner surface heat-resistant pipe (18) installed inside the boiler on supports (19), fuel is injected. The flame length is adjusted so that the temperature on the surface of the heat-resistant tube is 200°C, and the amount of gas supply to the nozzle, depending on the temperature, is automatically controlled by the device (20). The continuous circulation of the mastic is ensured by the device (21). The mastic melts. As soon as the liquid mastic fraction rises to the lower generatrix of the heat-resistant pipe (18), the bitumen pumps (15) installed in different parts boiler bases (10) that circulate the liquid mastic fraction. This is done in order to prevent possible mastic slagging on the surface of the heat-resistant pipe. As the boiler is filled with molten mastic, the liquid fraction is pumped to another boiler. To reduce heat loss, the boiler body (17) is lined with a special insulation (16). When the nozzle is turned off, the temperature of the liquid mastic fraction decreases by 6-8°C in 24 hours.

The mastic heated to 170-190°C is prepared within 2-4 hours, pumped into the finished mastic boiler and kept at a temperature of 160-180°C for no more than 3 hours until the moisture is completely evaporated. The finished mastic is fed by bitumen pumps to the insulating machine with the help of bitumen hoses and is applied to the surface of the repaired pipeline with its help. Further operation of the boilers can be carried out at any time without technological stops, which makes it possible to significantly increase the productivity of insulation and laying works on main gas pipelines.

The advantage of the machine for melting bituminous mastics of hot use in the conditions of construction and repair of main gas pipelines is that the machine consists of two bitumen melting boilers connected to each other by technological bitumen pipelines, while as the solid mastic melts in one of the boilers, the liquid fraction is gradually pumped by special pumps into another boiler, in which the temperature of the liquid fraction is constantly maintained, which is regulated in the technological regulations for its use. At the same time, the process of flowing the liquid fraction is immediately replenished from another boiler.

The main working tools-boilers are located on the frame of the machine and are interconnected by technological bitumen pipelines; a timer device and an automated pumping system for the liquid fraction from one boiler to another are used to start the operation of the boilers. For heating rolled material (reinforcing, roofing, etc.) during work in winter, the machine has a special place for heating, a stock of mastic briquettes is stored on the site on the surface of the boilers.

Utility model formula

A machine for melting bituminous mastics for hot use in the conditions of construction and repair of main gas pipelines, including a device for heating and melting viscous materials, containing a body, a removable container installed in it with a gap using support boards, with an end drain device, a lid with a loading hatch, heating elements , which differs in that it contains functional subsystem, including a frame, working tools-boilers are located on the frame of the machine and are interconnected by technological bitumen pipelines, a timer device and a system for automated pumping of the liquid fraction from one boiler to another are used to start the operation of the boilers, to ensure a certain temperature of the mastic in the boiler and distribute this temperature in specified ranges, an automated device for supplying gas to the nozzle depending on the temperature of the mastic and a device for ensuring continuous circulation of the mastic in the boilers are used; material.

A plastic layer of bituminous mastic for a car will help save iron. Sooner or later, there comes a time when it becomes necessary to take care of the issue of protecting your car from external adverse influences. The paint cracks, water gets into the cracks and corrosion begins. We will come to the aid of mastic for cars. Its place is under the bottom of the car, in the dirt itself. It protects the car body from corrosion, water, sand mixture, used in winter and leading to chipped paint on a car.

For a long time, experienced motorists have fallen in love and appreciated the properties of mastic. It is a kind of elixir of youth and health. It helps to extend the life of the machine and keep it in good condition. Autumn is the time when you should take care of protecting your car from the attack of reagents that will be used in winter to deal with ice.

Types and features

Before you run to the service station or to the store for a purchase, you should figure out what types of mastic exist and what their properties are.

Depending on the type of application and preparation, mastics are divided into:

• one-component (not intended for storage after use, because they quickly harden);
• multicomponent (applied after dilution with a thickener, undiluted is stored for a very long time).

Depending on what additives are used in the manufacture, the mastic is epoxy, bitumen-polymer and rubber-bitumen. A lot of tests were carried out, showing the wear resistance of one kind or another, so that these materials went on sale.

Verifications were due to the use of sandblasting machines. And here is what can be said about each of the above species.

The mastic based on epoxy resins. It began to collapse only after seven minutes, and completely disappeared after 15. But there are also disadvantages. She is more afraid of blows than others and becomes too fragile in the cold.

brand-detail-img-title">Rubber-bitumen mastic for cars in a bank

Rubber-bitumen mastic is quite wear-resistant. It began to crumble after 4 minutes and completely disappeared after 8. Which is a pretty good result.

And finally bitumen-polymer mastic was the last in the wear resistance rating. Only 2 minutes had passed before the destruction began. And there was no trace of her after 5 minutes. Let's clarify that a minute of impact on the mastic with a sandblaster is equal to 20,000 kilometers of a car's run.

Firms and Features

Now there is just a huge selection of famous manufacturers on the market, offering customers a fairly wide selection of their products. What is the best paint for a car? In order to answer this question, consider the most popular companies that produce this product:

1. CHAMALEON. The composition of this brand copes quite well with the effects of alkalis. Works great as soundproofing, thermal insulation and coating that resists water penetration. Does not shrink. It is applied as a two-layer mastic, on previously cleaned parts and parts of the car. Dries - at least 6 hours, and can be removed with White Spirit.
2. Body This is a mastic made in Greece. The mixture is resistant to various mechanical shocks and is a water-resistant compound. Well protects the body of the car from metal corrosion and does an excellent job of absorbing vibration in the car. Dries, like the first option, in 6 hours.
3. Sprint UNDERBODY. The Italian remedy quite effectively resists chemical and physical influences. It lays down in an even layer, which simplifies application and is used to protect against corrosive manifestations on the car. In order for the mastic of this manufacturer to dry well, the temperature should be about plus 20 degrees Celsius.

brand-detail-img-title">Processing the bottom of the car with mastic

Application technology

Mastic for the car can be applied both independently and by service station masters. Before you start applying mastic to the body parts of your car, do not forget to wash and dry it. The surface needs to be cleaned very well. This is necessary in order to provide the substance with good adhesion (adhesion).

Any mastic is able to protect the car, but only if you follow an elementary rule - clean the body of dirt, moisture and rust. Otherwise, from the moisture that gets under the mixture, the metal will begin to rot. Automastic should be applied, depending on its consistency, with a spatula or with a wide brush or roller. To process one square meter, you will need approximately 200-300 grams of the mixture. You need to apply in two layers. Be sure to wait for the first layer to dry before applying the second.

The mastic for the car is polymerized for quite a long time, about a day. During this time, the vehicle cannot be used.

brand-detail-img-title">Anti-corrosion and anti-gravel treatment of wheel arches

"Impact" stages of machine surface treatment at service stations:

• washing with hot water under pressure;
• inspection and elimination of defects on the car body;
• blow drying with hot air;
• high-pressure application of bituminous mastic for cars, creating a film up to 60 microns thick.

In order to self-apply mastic, you will need:

• washing and drying machines;
• removal of rust and corrosion with special metal brushes or sandpaper;
• application in 2 thin layers of mastic with a roller or brush.

If the mastic has already been applied to the car before, it is recommended to apply the same type of mixture that was previously applied. In simpler terms, it is impossible to apply a bitumen-rubber layer on a resin-polymer mastic. The exception is such a tool as Movil. This drug is used for anti-corrosion treatment of the car. It goes well with any anti-corrosion agents. Moreover, when interacting with other mastics, "Movil" seals them, thereby creating a stronger protection.

This drug, which contains an inhibitor, by chemical means fights corrosion. And special additives displace moisture from the surface of the body. "Movil" destroys rubber, so you should be careful not to let the drug get on the rubber parts.

brand-detail-img-title">Applying mastic at home

The mastic should dry at the temperature indicated on the manufacturer's packaging. If you do not follow the instructions, then the automastic will not hold well or simply will not harden. Accordingly, the car will not be protected.

Which mastic is better? The choice of anti-corrosion mastics is huge. Here are their main groups:

• slate - forms a water-repellent film, protecting the outer side of the wheel arches and the bottom of the car;
• bitumen-rubber - thick, very elastic mastic, which protects against mechanical impact on the car while driving, reduces the impact force of small stones;
• mastics based on polymers and epoxy resins - form a very wear-resistant film, which is much stronger than other mastics.

Advantages

Automated vehicles have more than enough advantages.

Price. In any case, spending on a new car is more than on a protective mastic, despite the fact that it needs to be processed every 2 years. It should be noted that automastics based on rubber and bitumen are more budgetary. Epoxy ones are more expensive.

Ease of use. If desired, you can always do the processing yourself, in your garage. The process of applying mixtures is not very laborious and quite feasible.

brand-detail-img-title">Protecting your car from corrosion

Quality. Just one tool, if you choose it correctly, will protect the car from corrosion, mechanical damage (small stones, sand, anti-icing reagents), provide noise and vibration isolation of the car. Automation: which one is better, you decide, based on personal requirements and the functions that it should perform.