The spelling nn is determined by the spelling of the suffix of the adjective. A13
Recognition algorithm " H or HH write in words"involves the ability to determine:
- Part of speech analyzed word (adjective, participle, noun, adverb);
- grammatical form in which it is used (full or short);
- Part of speech generating word ( the word from which the analyzed is formed ), and if it is a verb, then its view ;
- Availability dependent words .
In nouns, adverbs, and compound adjectives, write as many H, how many in the original word. First find the generating word, then work according to the algorithm: dumpling - boiled - cook (non-native view); confused (respond) - confused — confuse (non-native view); confusing (think) - confusing - confuse (owl view), freshly frozen - ice cream - freeze (non-secular view), non-frozen - frozen - (not) freeze (non-secular view).
Remember: you need to find the adjective or participle closest in meaning.
Do not jump over a step - do not form a noun or adverb immediately from a verb or noun: oilman derived from oil (oil industry worker), but oil already from oil . According to the laws of word formation, all adverbs in -ABOUT derived from adjectives ( restrained - restrained etc.)
Н and НН in full forms of participles and adjectives
The most difficult thing is to distinguish between H - HH in full forms adjectives and participles. Here, the distinction between adjectives and participles is not essential: the sequence of actions and the result for both are the same.
Exceptions for the specified algorithm:
- N - windy (but: windless ), dowry, young, ruddy, crimson, pig (non-derivative words);
- NN - glass, pewter, wood , unheard of, unseen, (not) seen, unexpected, unexpected, desired, sacred, slow, read, read, given, cursed (from obsolete okayati \u003d condemn, owl. type), unexpected, inadvertent, imperishable, cutesy, done and some others.
- With one H they are also written possessive adjectives (answer the question whose?) with a base on -N: sheep, pheasant, crow, wild boar.
- Verb hurt - the so-called two-species: it can appear in a sentence in the meaning of both the perfect and imperfect species. In order to correctly write Н-НН (with the exception of particularly difficult cases), it is enough to work with it as with an imperfective verb: a wounded soldier - a wounded soldier, wounded in a shootout, seriously wounded, seriously wounded.
- Adjectives differ oil (derived from the noun oil + -yan-; meaning "for oil, from oil, on oil" (oil stain, oil paints, oil pump) and oily in the meaning of “soaked, oiled”, formed from the imperfective verb to oil (remember, before H-NN the vowel And the infinitive changes to E): butter porridge, butter pancake, butter week (Shrovetide), and also figuratively - oily eyes (eyes that shine as if soaked in oil). Compare also: windy man - chicken pox, windmill; salty mushroom (from the verb to salt) - hydrochloric acid.
Н and НН in short forms of participles and adjectives
The short form is the most common passive past participles (abandoned - abandoned, abandoned, abandoned) and adjectives (cheerful - cheerful, cheerful, fun).
The spelling of Н and НН in participles and adjectives is quite clear and concise:
- short passive participles are written H;
- in short adjectives - as much as in full ones.
Therefore, it is only important to determine precisely what part of speech - adjective or participle - is the word .
Remember the semantic and grammatical signs that distinguish between adjectives and participles.
- Participle denotes an action , usually it can be replaced with a synonymous verb by "turning" the sentence or by constructing an indefinitely personal (impersonal): Barge unloaded by workers — The workers unloaded the barge ; What is written with a pen - What is written with a pen.
- With communion, there is or you can think of dependent word in instrumental case , which denotes the producer of this action or tool: unloaded (by whom?) workers ; written(how?) pen.
- Those words that do not meet the two criteria described above, those. are not participles, short adjectives. Let's add for greater reliability that they answer the question what? what? , usually refer to a noun and denote quality: the girl was beautiful and well educated(a hint can be a homogeneous member - a short adjective beautiful).
Seeing a word with a final -ABOUT, first check if adverb whether it is (adverb refers to the verb and answers the question as? ). If yes, please write H how much in full form. If not, then see if it is a short participle or a short adjective.
Sample. He acted recklessly.. - how did you do it? reckless..o , this adverb(in the sentence it is a circumstance), therefore, I define the generating word - deliberate (from the perfective verb). Writing: thoughtlessly .
Spelling -Н- and -НН- in suffixes of various parts of speech
This task requires knowledge of how words are formed!
Prompt. You can find information about them in task B1.
Rule.
Depending on the part of speech, the rule is divided into three parts.
Full adjectives and participles.
Remember! Both parts of speech in the initial form answer the question: which?
Remember!
| unexpectedlyHHth
slowerHHth countryHHth sacredHHth chwaHHth checkHHth desireHHth okayHHth AffairsHHth unseenHHth unheardHNew not teaHHth nezhdaHHth bad luckHNew zhemaHHth |
ryaHth
yarnHth greenHth sviHOh barHuy siHuy blushHth scarletHth YuHth smarterHth nameHyy (brother) seatedHyy (father) |
Distinguish!
Short adjectives and participles.
To cope with this part of the rule, you need to know the signs of each of the parts of speech.
Nouns and adverbs.
In adverbs, the same number of N is written as in the words from which they were formed:
looked beshe? o - beshe? y (see part No. 1 of the rule: formed from the verb to enrage the imperfective form, without prefixes and suffixes -OVA / -EVA = furious = furious)
Remember!
Before you apply a rule, see if this word is an exception! These include:
mosheHHik harderHik
tribeHHik pridaHoh
settingHHik
YesHHik
bespridaHHitza
Action algorithm.
1. Determine what part of speech are the words in which -Н- or -НН- are missing. This is necessary in order to know which part of the rule to use.
2. Remember if this word is an exception.
3. Think about what word the parsed words are formed from.
4. Determine the spelling according to the rule.
Parsing the task.
In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in place of which HN is written?
His manners were not distinguished by simplicity, but were refinements (1) s. In the labyrinth of crooked, narrow and weak (2) streets, people were always scurrying about. The drivers argued with the loaders that the car was underloaded (3).
1) 1,2 2) 1,3 3) 1,2,3 4) 1
Manners (what?) of sophistication (1) s. This is a short adjective, as it can be replaced by the full form refinement ... th. We determine the writing of the full form: refinement ... th derived from the verb find, which has the prefix from-. Thus, both in full and in short form, we write two HH.
Weak (2) th (what?) Streets. This is a full adjective formed from an imperfective verb pave. The prefix non- does not affect the spelling, there are no -OVA / -EVA suffixes, there are no dependent words either. We write one N.
The machine is underloaded (3) and (what is done?). This is a short participle, as it can be replaced by a verb underloaded. In short participles, one N is written.
In this way the correct answer is 4.
Practice.
1. In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in place of which HH is written?
The house stood somewhat away from the forest; its walls here and there were renovated (1) with fresh woods, the windows were painted (2) with whitewash, a small porch on the side, decorated with (3) carvings, still smelled of resin.
Comments of the teacher on the studied material
| Possible difficulties | good advice |
| It's hard to remember the exceptions to the rule. | Refer to Appendix 1.2 and fill in the gaps in the words where necessary. |
| Sometimes it is difficult to understand from which noun a given adjective was formed: moral ... ny; mysterious ... ny; scarlet; own ... ny; natural ... ny; spicy; indirect ... ny; original ... ny; humane ... ny; immu ... ny, etc. | Most likely, these are adjectives formed from obsolete nouns. You can apply the rule to them in full (even if their former suffixes are no longer distinguished from a modern point of view): moral; mysterious; scarlet; own; natural; indirect claim-ONN-th. Pay special attention to the words human-N-th and immuN-N-th, which are formed not from nouns, but from the international bases -human- and -immun- using the suffix -n-. |
| What about words like old ... ny, were ... ny, purposeful ... ny, deep ... ny, true ... ny, remarkable ... ny, etc.? They have the suffix -in-. Should they be written with one H? | In such words, the suffix -in- is already included in the basis of the nouns from which these adjectives were formed. It becomes part of the stem of the noun, and it is to it that the adjective suffix –n- is added. Therefore, in such words it is written NN. Starin (a) - old-n-th. Bylin (a) - epic - n-th. Virgin (a) - virgin n-th. Depth(s) - depth-n-th. True (a) - true-n-th. Dozen (a) - not a dozen. |
| Sometimes it is not clear which suffix is used in this adjective: -an- (-yan-) or -enn-. Straw ... ny. Clay ... ny. Silver ... ny. Cutaneous. Wind ... ny. | In this case, the suffix should be remembered. Pay attention to the spelling of the following words. Straw. Clay. Silver. Windy day, man (remember also: windmill). oil paints). When addressing this issue, also use the following considerations. Words with the suffix -AN- (-YAN-) denote what ( silver) or for what ( wood burning) the item is made. cranberry, fiery, pumpkin, straw. |
| Are there cases when exceptions forged, chewed and wounded are written through HH? | Exceptions forged, chewed and wounded can be written with two H when they have dependent words or prefixes. A sword forged by a gunsmith (a gunsmith is a dependent word). A fighter wounded in the shoulder (in the shoulder is a dependent word). Shackled hands (prefix C-). Injured finger (prefix PO-). |
| In some cases it is difficult to understand what kind of verb a word is formed from. Decided ... ny (educated from decide? decide?). Thrown ... ny (educated from throw? throw?). This leads to spelling errors. | If you have a choice between perfective and imperfective verbs, choose the perfective verb. Resolved - formed from solve (sov.v), spelled NN. Abandoned - formed from quit (sov.v), spelled NN. |
| How many N is written in words with several roots: raw smoked ... ny; quick-frozen ... and so on.? | By itself, the presence of two roots is not a condition for double N. Fresh frozen. Raw-smoked. In order for two Hs to appear in the suffix of such words, one of the conditions noted in the rule must work. Freshly cut (prefix C- before the root -KOSH-). Quick-frozen (prefix FOR- before the root - ICE-). Distinguish between words like lightly wounded and lightly wounded. In the first case, we have a compound word (medical term) in which there are no conditions for HH; in the second case, there is a dependent word that requires writing HH. |
| How many N are written in short participles? The meeting is over... but. Mina defuse ... on. | In short participles, one letter H is written, regardless of whether they contain prefixes, dependent words, etc. The meeting is over. The mine has been disabled. |
Н and НН in adjectives formed from nouns
The choice of Н or НН in adjectives formed from nouns is determined by which word and with the help of which suffix this adjective was formed.
Rat..th poison; living room; remarkable .. th nature.
Find out what noun the word is derived from.
| Write HH | |
| If one H is in the stem of a noun, and the second H is an adjective suffix: - | If you have a suffix -IN-: |
| If you have suffixes in front of you -ENN- / -ONN-: leaf(s) - - station(s) - - Exceptions: windy but without windy under windy | If you have suffixes in front of you -AN- / -YAN-: silver) - - leather) - - Remember: glass tin wooden constant nameless |
The rule is also suitable for short adjectives ( road).
Rat poison - rat(s) + .
Living room - guest + .
Uncommon nature - 
.
Н and НН in full verbal adjectives and participles
Dried linen; frenzied ..th speed; sold..th product.
In full verbal adjectives and participles, NN is written in the presence of any of the conditions noted below.
Terms of writing HH:
3) there is -OVA- / -EVA- in the word:
Exceptions:
4) the word is formed from a perfective verb (question what to do?):
solved case ( solve- owls. in.).
An exception:
Н and НН in short verbal adjectives and short participles
She is modest and well-mannered..a; she was brought up .. at a boarding school; she is always collected..a and organized..a.
She is modest and well-mannered - this is a short verbal adjective.
She was raised in a boarding school - this is a short communion.
She is always collected and organized - these are short verbal adjectives.
1. Suffix -N- it is written:
In adjectives formed from nouns with the help of suffixes -AN-, -IN-, -YAN-: leather - leather, goose - goose, silver - silver.EXCEPTIONS: wood, tin, glass.
· In adjectives and participles formed from imperfective verbs that do not have dependent words: forged, loaded, baked, gilded, smoked.EXCEPTIONS:
seen, given, done, desired, cutesy, slow, pecked, sacred, heard, conceited.
In adjectives with the prefix NE-: unused, uninvited, uncut, unbleached, unworn. EXCEPTIONS:
unexpected, unexpected, unheard of, unseen, unexpected, unseen.
· In short forms of the passive past participles: sown, filled, given, agitated.
· In short adjectives and in adverbs formed from full adjectives with -Н-: confused - confused, mad - furious, gilded - gilded, ruddy - blush, young - young.
In adjectives related to non-derivatives: crimson, green, blue, ruddy, youthful, and also in some other adjectives: lamb, single, swine, smart.
2. Suffix -НН- it is written:
· In adjectives formed from nouns ending in -Н: long, valuable, captive, picturesque.
· In adjectives with suffixes -ONN-/-ENN-: propaganda, station, cranberry, straw.
In adjectives formed from perfective verbs, usually with prefixes or dependent words: frozen, mowed, forged, smoked, bought, dried in the sun. EXCEPTIONS: named brother, planted father, dowry.
· In adjectives formed from verbs ending in -OVATE/EVAT: uprooted, motivated.
· In adjectives formed from nouns ending in -MY: nominal, seminal, temporary, parietal.
In short adjectives and adverbs formed from full adjectives with -НН-: inspired, excited, educated(those. literate).
NOTE:
1. In some cases, the spelling of adjectives with -Н- or -НН- is determined by the semantics of the word.
wind have:
suffix -YAN- if they define an object powered by wind (windmill);
suffix -EN- if they define an object containing wind (windy day, windy girl);
suffix -ENN- in all prefixed formations (still, leeward, weathered).
Generating adjectives butter have:
suffix -YAN- if they define something cooked in oil or something that runs on oil (oil paint, oil pump);
suffix -EN- if they define something that is specially buttered (butter pancakes, butter cakes, hence Pancake week, this also includes a metaphorical epithet buttered eyes);
suffix -ENN- in participles and adjectives with dependent words (hands oiled with cream, oily sweatshirt).
2. It is necessary to distinguish between the forms of a short adjective and a short participle in the function of the predicate: the girl is brought up - the girl was brought up by her grandmother; the woman is educated - the department was formed last year; the group is organized in all matters - the conference is organized by the department.
Questions to control:
Related tasks:
Exercise 1. Form verb forms in the suffixes of which the vowel of the infinitive is preserved.
Depend, fold, knead, interfere, deflate, roll out.
Task 2. Explain how the words in the pairs are different. Using reference material, explain their spelling.
To decorate - to paint, to be late - to participate, to count - to advise, to manage - to advise, to confess - to educate, to dance - to sing.
Task 3. Write off, highlighting spellings and grouping words into columns:
1) action. incl. present vr., 2) suffering. incl. present temp., 3) action. incl. Ave., 4) suffering. incl. ave. Explain the spelling of words according to the scheme (see "Reference material").
Creeping, barking, barking, chasing, noticing, noticed, kneaded (in dough) - kneaded (dough), sawing, stabbing, fighting, developed, cherished, pumped out (oil from a barrel) - pumped out (barrel from the basement), secured, hung (in the gallery of the picture), hung (sugar per kilogram), circled, well-worn, fanned, secured, healing, gluing, glued, enduring, loving, dispelled, traveled, dependent, breathing, flowing.
Task 4. Fill in the missing letters, justify your choice.
Corrected ... work by someone, dumped ... cargo, cleared ... paths; the building is about to be built...but; alarmed ... by unpleasant news, crowned ... with laurels, scattered ... rays, no one noticed ... a friend, tangled ... hare footprints strewn ... with leaves alleys of a coastal park, offended ... by someone then a girl, lost ... time; the snow melted ... unexpectedly, without offending anyone ...
Task 5. Insert the missing letters.
Taken ... ny, kneaded ... (dough), vypa ... ny, noticed ... ny, engaged ... schisya, meaning ... my, studying .. my, cherish ... my, mele. ..shchy, incomplete ... nee (grain), incomplete ... nye (curtains), independent ... my, hated ... my, resentment ... my, justify ... my, noting ... my, transferred ... shot ... shot ... shot (deer), shot ... shot (gun), shot ... shot (traitors), scattered ... shot, scattered ... heard ... my , creeping ... dragging ... dragging, dragging ... losing ... my, crowned ... ny.
Task 6. Explain the difference in spelling of words in paired phrases.
The woman is smart and educated. - The commission was formed the other day.
The children were inattentive and distracted. - The troops are scattered throughout the forest. Speaks depressed. - The uprising was suppressed. The decision hastily, ill-conceived. - The decision is not thought out by anyone. Sauerkraut - sauerkraut for the winter. Uncut meadow. - Mowed meadow. Come to a dinner party. - Uninvited guests. named brother. - Named after you. Windy day. - Windless day.
Remember:nezva n oh, name n oh, invisible nn oh, unheard nn oh, bad luck nn oh no nn about
Task 7. Insert missing letters instead of dots. Explain why in some cases we write H, in others - HH.
Bees...th honey, wheat...th porridge, with condensed...th milk, butter...th spot; painting, rice: .. oil paints; clay...th vase, wooden...th building, located as a guest...nice, noticeable...deficiencies, sowing...th rust...th field, not yet cat...th meadow, somehow racial ... th things, hanging ... th in a dressing ... closet, about the goal ... th harvest, the girl is very educated ... ah, far fog ... ah, draw a broken line, silver and gilded ... th jewelry, wounded ... th man, seriously wounded ... th fighter, in the morning ... her dawn.
The lesson is conducted according to the textbook for the 6th grade of educational institutions, Moscow "Enlightenment". Textbook authors: M.T. Baranov, T.A. Ladyzhenskaya, L.A. Trostentsova, L.T. Grigoryan, I.I. Kulibaba.
A slide show of a computer presentation helps in conducting the lesson ( Attachment 1).
1 slide (on click) .
Lesson topic:"One and two letters n in adjective suffixes.
Lesson Objectives:
- Introduce students to one and two letters n in adjective suffixes.
- Learn how to write adjectives with one and two letters n .
- Reason, verbally and in writing explain the conditions for choosing one and two letters n in adjective suffixes.
During the classes
1. Organizing time.
2. We continue to get acquainted with the suffixal way of forming words.
- Form adjectives from nouns: sleep, station, straw, duck, sand, oil, highlight word-forming suffixes.
- Why do you think some adjectives have only one letter? n , while in others there are two n ?
(The guys are trying to derive a rule for writing n-nn in adjective suffixes.)
2nd slide (on click) .
3. Then I invite the guys to get acquainted with the algorithm. The main thing in working on the algorithm is to convince students to be patient and not to miss anything, to get used to the sequence of actions. Students write in notebooks in the course of the explanation in which suffixes it is written n -nn .
3rd slide (on click) .
4. Guys, we have examined the spelling n-nn in suffixes of full adjectives. And how much n written in suffixes of short adjectives?
Students will learn that the short form is like the long form: tse nn th thing - tse nn ah, the wind n the weather is windy n but.
I draw the attention of the guys to the spelling of words windy - windy. The spelling of these words depends on the meaning. Along the way, I introduce other such words:
oily - oily, salty - salty.
We carry out exercise 319 according to the textbook on page 128.
Determine which vowels in suffixes need to be written in the following cases:
windy ..naya (weather), windy ..nye (days), windy ... noe (morning), windy ..naya (person), windy ..ny (young man), windy ..naya (mill), wind .. noah (engine).
4 slide (on click) .
5. Acquaintance with spelling No. 38 from the textbook p. 127.
6. The spelling of the following words must be remembered:
green, blue, crimson, spicy, pig, young, mutton, pheasant, ruddy, seals, peacock.
They have a letter n is part of the root, so one word is written in words n .
(Students write these words in their notebooks.)
5 slide (on click) .
7. Write the suggested words from exercise 321 in two columns with one n and with two n in adjective suffixes.
Revolutionary, aquiline, enthusiastic, oatmeal, woolen, dinner, pewter, leather, wood, animal, peat, sightseeing, writing, glass, aviation, sandy, bone, ordinary.
Explain the spelling of the missing letters using the algorithm.
6 slide (on click) .
8. Explain the spelling of the missing letters.
(We write down only words in which letters are missing.)
7 slide (on click) .
9. The last stage of the lesson is consolidation. I offer the guys the test "Test yourself" - a control and training task in writing, which is characterized by the speed of the execution procedure and the accuracy of the assessment of the result and allows you to identify the level of assimilation of the rules.
At this stage of the lesson, students act independently. Independent work at the stage of primary consolidation is checked immediately after its completion. The most effective technique, in my opinion, is self-examination or mutual examination on the proposed answer to the test.
Such work contributes to the development of spelling vigilance, which allows you to see how the word is written. After checking, students, having made mistakes, explain the algorithm of spelling actions with this word.
- Understand the algorithm in writing words in which mistakes are made.
A cast-iron grate, a windy day, crimson sunsets, crow's feet, an engine room, a painful feeling, a strange occurrence, an old clock, a young face, an ice mountain, a canvas bag, cockfights, a tin box, a life drama, a stately column, a swan song.
- Rate yourself: "5" - for 16 correct answers, "4" - for 13-15, "3" - for 9-12, "2" - for 6-8.
8 slide (on click) .
10. Summarizing.
11. Homework: paragraph 56, ex. 320. For these nouns, select one-root adjectives with suffixes - n -, -en -(-yang -) or - enn -.