Additive to cement mortar to reduce thermal conductivity. Heat-insulating masonry mortars

In recent years, many new types of wall materials have appeared that have high thermal insulation. However, the desired effect is not complete when using a traditional cement-based masonry mortar. The resulting seams do not have good thermal insulation, it is through them that the buildings are cooled and the cost of heating them increases. Also, conventional solutions can cause mold to form on wall surfaces.

Heat-insulating masonry mortar will help to solve the problem. Special compositions help to maintain the thermal parameters of the wall and reduce the heat loss of joints between bricks or large blocks. In their manufacture, porous materials are used, one of which may be perlite.

Features of heat-insulating masonry mixtures

Thanks to the heat-insulating mixture, it is possible to obtain a homogeneous masonry. They have a special composition that allows you to get a plastic and durable material with high strength. The heat-insulating masonry mixture prevents the formation of cold bridges. Thanks to it, good vapor permeability is ensured. Some manufacturers of ceramic blocks and other thermal insulation materials recommend using warm mixes for their masonry.

When choosing a heat-insulating mixture, it is necessary to take into account the following parameters:

• density;
• frost resistance;
• compressive strength;
• coefficient of thermal conductivity;
• use temperature.

Due to the solidification of the porous material, the density decreases and the thermal protection of the material increases. The voids in it, which prevent heat loss, are created through the use of special substances in the composition - expanded clay, perlite, pumice or vermiculite. When preparing the mixture at the construction site, obtain a uniform distribution of the heat-insulating filler. This means that a high-quality composition can be made exclusively in the factory with careful adherence to technology.

The warm solution should have the following characteristics:

• plastic;
• high thermal insulation;
• sound absorption;
• good adhesion;
• decorative attraction;
• low density;
• high-quality seam filling.

Preparation of heat-insulating mixture

The composition should be poured into a tank with warm water (25 kilograms of the mixture requires about 10 liters of water). After that, it is mixed until a homogeneous mixture is formed. The solution should stand for up to 5 minutes, then it is mixed again for several minutes. It should have a creamy consistency. Third-party substances or additives must not be introduced into the masonry mixture.

The Slavdom company offers to purchase heat-insulating masonry mixtures from such manufacturers as RAUF Therme, Porotherm, PEREL and OSNOVIT. They are delivered to all cities of the Russian Federation. You can get to know the products better in one of our offices, which are located in Moscow and St. Petersburg. Contact us! Our staff will help you choose the best masonry mortar for your purposes!

Heat-insulating masonry mortar is an indispensable building material for performing brickwork with the function of thermal insulation. Heat-insulating mortars for masonry are specially designed taking into account the thermal characteristics of ceramic blocks and porous bricks (stone). Warm masonry mortar should have a low coefficient of thermal conductivity, but this is only one of the few indicators characterizing it. Below we will consider the pricing policy and technical characteristics of warm solutions from leading manufacturers of these products.
The cost of heat-insulating masonry mortar

Porotherm TM summer 382 rub/mesh	PorothermTM Winter 466 rub/mesh	Rauf Effektiv plus summer rub/mesh	Rauf Effektiv Plus winter rub/mesh
Rauf Thermo summer rub/mesh	Perel 2020 /2520 348 /361 rub/mesh	Perel 6020/6520 370/392 rub/mesh	Perel 8020/8520 370/392 rub/mesh

We recommend using a warm Porotherm TM mortar for laying porous Porotherm stones, specially designed for porous stones Porotherm in order to reduce heat loss through mortar joints. As you know, the usual masonry mortar in terms of thermal insulation properties is much worse than porous stone. When using a conventional solution, about 15% of heat escapes through the seams. To minimize heat loss, a warm masonry mortar is used. Its thermal conductivity is comparable to that of porous ceramics, which avoids the formation of cold bridges in the masonry. When using warm Porotherm TM masonry mortar in combination with warm Porotherm ceramics, the wall is almost monolithic in terms of thermal performance. Porotherm TM is produced as a dry mix and supplied in 20 kg bags. In this case, the output of the finished solution after mixing the mixture with water is approximately 31 liters per bag.
Comparative characteristics of Porotherm TM warm masonry mortar and ordinary cement-sand mortar clearly indicate the feasibility of its use when laying warm ceramic blocks:

Consumption of Porotherm TM masonry mortar

Heat-insulating masonry mortars RAUF

RAUF warm masonry mortars have been developed specifically for use in masonry with RAUF large-format porous stones. RAUF thermal insulation mortars retain the thermal properties of the wall and reduce heat loss through the joints between bricks. Due to the lightness and high thermal properties, the consumption of dry mixture for warm mortar is reduced by more than 1.5 times. The heat-shielding properties of a wall made of RAUF large-format bricks are improved by 10% with the use of warm mortar, and by 40% for a wall made of standard format bricks. In addition, the properties of the warm mortar to retain moisture and release it into the atmosphere are almost the same as those of the RAUF brick, which makes the wall more uniform in its properties.
it is intended for preparation of light masonry mortar at the construction site. The coefficient of thermal conductivity of the solution (λ≤0.18 W/m K) coincides with the thermal conductivity of large-format porous stones RAUF Thermo, the wall is homogeneous, without cold bridges. For comparison, a traditional cement-sand mortar has a thermal conductivity of ≤0.99 W/m K, i.e. 5.5 times more heat is lost through a cement-sand mortar joint. RAUF Effektiv plus is applied for laying masonry from RAUF large-format porous bricks, filling and sealing cracks, erecting homogeneous masonry without cold bridges in mortar and for improving the thermal insulation properties of masonry.
Specifications:

The solution for summer use is marked with the letters YEARS.
The solution for winter use is marked with the letters ZIM.

Consumption of RAUF Effektiv plus masonry mortar Per 1 sq.m of masonry

* Mortar consumption is indicated using masonry mesh

Heat-insulating masonry mixture RAUF Thermo continues the line of warm solutions RAUF, which has been on the market for more than five years and is characterized by low thermal conductivity due to the content of perlite fractions, in the body of which there are microscopic pores. The material is porous and provides high heat-shielding performance. The masonry becomes practically airtight, which eliminates the possibility of the appearance of cold bridges, which eventually become the main source of heat loss in a brick house. When erecting structures using RAUF Thermo warm mortar, thermal protection in the finished house will be increased by 10% (when building from large-format stones). When using this mixture with ceramic bricks of standard sizes, the thermal efficiency will increase up to 40%. In addition, the use of a warm mortar for RAUF Thermo ceramic blocks, together with porous stones of this brand, facilitates the specific gravity of the building, which ultimately reduces the cost of laying the foundation.
Specifications:

Consumption of RAUF Thermo masonry mortar

The output of the solution from 35 kg of dry mix - 31 l

Heat-insulating masonry mortars PEREL

Warm mixture PEREL, produced by CSM LLC, has excellent properties and unsurpassed quality. The low thermal conductivity of this mixture is achieved by including perlite sand in the composition. In addition, unlike standard mixes, Perel warm mix also has a low density. If you want to get a first-class product at a bargain price, give preference to Perel warm mix. Unique technologies, control over each stage of production allows us to produce products that are very popular with builders of various levels. There are several types of Perel warm solutions.
Thermal insulation masonry mortar Perel TKS 2020 /2520 . TOlow thermal conductivity mortar based on light mineral filler, used for laying large-format ceramic blocks. Its main advantages include:
low thermal conductivity - 0.2 W/m*K
low density -< 1000 кг/м³, за счет чего у Perel TKS расход примерно на 1,75 раза меньше чем у обычных смесей
improved adhesion and prevention of drying of Perel TKS due to the content of polymer additives
Specifications:

Consumption of masonry mortar Perel TKS 2020 /2520

Heat-insulating masonry mix Perel TKS 6020 /6520 - This is a masonry mixture with a reduced coefficient of thermal conductivity based on a light mineral filler (perlite and expanded clay), high-strength cement and polymer additives.It is used as a mortar for masonry and masonry of materials with enhanced thermal insulation properties, such as large-format porous ceramic blocks and porous ceramic stones. The special composition of this warm Perel masonry mortar significantly reduces heat loss through masonry joints. Its important advantage is the high output of ready-made mortar (l/kg), while Perel TKS 6020 /6520 practically does not fall into the slots of the ceramic block, making the construction process fast and economical.
Specifications:

Consumption of masonry mortar Perel TKS 6020 /6520

Heat-insulating masonry mix Perel TKS 8020 / 8520 is a masonry mixture with a reduced thermal conductivity coefficient based on light mineral filler, high-strength cement and polymer additives. A mortar based on it has a very low thermal conductivity and the lowest density among the entire line of Perel warm masonry mortars, which leads to a significant reduction in the average thermal resistance of the overall wall structure. As in all other modifications of Perel heat-insulating masonry mixtures, only environmentally friendly materials are used in its production.

Specifications:

Consumption of masonry mortar Perel TKS 8020 /8520

Warm masonry mortar is a building mixture for cellular concrete products: foam concrete, aerated concrete, gas silicate, foam silicate and porous ceramic blocks.

Replacing an ordinary cement mixture with a “warm” one increases the thermal insulation of the masonry by 17%.

The binder in this mixture is traditionally cement, and the fillers are pumice, perlite, expanded clay sand.

A warm solution is also called "light", due to its weight and low density.

Replacing an ordinary cement mixture with a “warm” one increases the thermal insulation of the masonry by 17%. This effect occurs due to different thermal conductivity coefficients. For a cement-sand mixture, this indicator is 0.9 W / m ° C, and for a “thermal” mixture - 0.3 W / m ° C.

Characteristics and main properties

From the school physics course, the fact has long been known that air does not conduct heat well. Based on this, a logical conclusion suggests itself: in order for a building structure made of porous materials to retain heat well, “air-absorbing” substances must be included in the composition of the solution. Most often, such fillers are perlite or expanded clay sand.

External wall structures are often made of lightweight materials with a high coefficient of thermal resistance. In this case, a mixture of lower density than the traditional cement-sand mixture is required as a binder. The latter has a high density (up to 1800 kg/m3), resulting in additional heat loss due to "cold bridges". If the density of the binder “dough” exceeds the density of the wall material by every 100 kg/m 3 , then the heat loss of this design increases by 1%.

If the density of the binder “dough” exceeds the density of the wall material by every 100 kg/m3, then the heat loss of this design increases by 1%.

In order for this physical characteristic of the binder mixture and the wall material to be comparable, it is necessary to prepare a special “warm” solution, the density of which would be 500-800 kg/m 3 . This composition should have high plasticity, crack resistance, good adhesion, water-retaining capacity, sufficient viability.

The strength of the building structure is more dependent on the wall material, and not on the grade of the composition. The brand of the latter, as a rule, must match the technical characteristics of the brick. However, when using a mixture one grade lower, the decrease in masonry strength drops by only 10-15%.

The minimum grades of solutions (from M10 to M50) are used for buildings of the 1st degree of durability, as well as for laying low-rise buildings from highly porous materials, the strength of which is 3.5-5 MPa. Thus, for this type of buildings, binder mixtures with a strength of 1 to 5 MPa should be used.

Additional density reduction

The average density of the binder composition, as mentioned above, reduces the use of low-density fillers. However, a decrease in the density of the mixture can also be achieved in the presence of a traditional filler - sand. When using turbulent mixers and air-entraining additives, the density can be reduced from 1600 to 900 kg/m 3 , which corresponds to a strength of 0.3-4.9 MPa. This mixture corresponds to the grades M4, M10, M25.

One of the ways to reduce the density of building mixtures is to prepare a solution using special mixing equipment - a steam generator. A good effect can be achieved when the cement stone is porous on turbulent mixers. This technology is applicable only with the use of air-entraining additives.

The most effective method of preparing a warm mortar is the simultaneous use of porous aggregates and air-entraining additives.

The choice of the type of porous filler depends on the composition of the raw material base, operating conditions, and the average density of the wall material. Traditional aggregates should have a density of 800 to 500 kg/m 3 and have a strength of up to 10 MPa.

Preparing the mixture

Warm masonry mortar is more often used for the construction of external walls, for internal walls a traditional cement-sand mixture is used. This composition can be prepared with your own hands or with a concrete mixer at low speed. To prepare this “building dough”, you can use ready-made mixtures, in which you just need to add water and mix. If the binder composition is planned to be prepared by hand, then all components are mixed in a dry state, and then water is added.

The “warm” mixture is prepared in the following proportions: 1 part of cement and 5 parts of filler (expanded clay or perlite sand). The dry mixture is stirred and then 1 part water is added to 4 parts dry mixture. The mixed solution should stand for 5 minutes, then it can be used for its intended purpose.

The prepared “dough” should be of medium consistency. Excessively liquid composition will fall into the voids of the blocks, thereby preventing thermal insulation.

Construction work is best done in the warm season. The reason for such seasonal preferences is not only favorable weather conditions for outdoor work, but also the fact that at low temperatures the masonry mortar hardens very quickly. However, if you still have to work at an air temperature below 5 ° C, then special additives are added to the solution. But even such "antifreeze" impurities do not save the masonry from a decrease in strength.

The heat-saving mixture provides a more homogeneous masonry wall, despite the fact that the amount of mortar in it is only 4% of the total area! Warm masonry mortar allows you to save heat as much as possible, reduces the weight of wall structures, and also reduces the consumption of building materials.

Didn't find the answer in the article? More information

Excellence in any industry is achieved by searching, trial, error, development, checking compound formulas, choosing the right solutions. The appearance on the market of one building material entails the arrival of the optimal option for the best layout.

With the advent of hollow ceramic blocks in construction, the best mixtures for their installation were developed. To date, there are mixtures with different names from different manufacturers, which are designed to connect ceramic blocks and foam materials similar in porosity.

Efficient mixture for hot ceramics

In order to minimize heat loss penetrating through the seams when laying porous blocks, it is recommended to use not the usual solution of cement with sand, but special mixtures containing material with low thermal conductivity (perlite, vermiculite, pumice) and all kinds of plasticizers. The creation of a productive warm mortar for laying ceramic blocks is carried out on the basis of developments and practical tests, evaluations of performance, efficiency and compliance with the required indicators. Developers, technologists of many industrial enterprises for the production of technological mixtures are working on this.

Special composition

Each manufacturer produces a mixture based on its own standards developed by specialists. All mixtures are sold dry. In a packaging unit (a bag with a weight of 20-35 kg), the required amount of the mixture is collected, which will guarantee the highest quality of the finished solution. 35 kg of dry mix yields 31 kg of mortar for laying ceramics. As in sand-cement mortar, Portland cement is the primary binding component in it.

An increase in plasticity, frost resistance, water resistance, hardening is achieved by including additives with a polymer base. Porous fillers reduce thermal conductivity. Most customers buy the finished dry mix from various manufacturers, guided by reviews from other consumers and recommendations from experienced builders. Some consumers make the mixture themselves from the necessary ingredients. For this, components are bought in the right amount and mixed together.

Warm solution for ceramic blocks

Heat-insulating masonry mixtures

Warm adhesive for ceramic tiles

Brick laying on warm cement mortar

Solution preparation

The mixture is prepared by adding to the composition the specified amount of ordinary, preferably tap water, at the construction site. Spring and well water may contain various minerals that will cause adverse reactions. Although the solution is called warm, this does not mean that it must be diluted with hot water. Mixing is carried out in a concrete mixer. It is not recommended to stir the mixture for a long time, since perlite turns into granulated bryla with increased whipping. Therefore, when a homogeneous mass is obtained, the mixing process is interrupted. A warm mortar for laying ceramic blocks is used for ceramic blocks, as well as in the construction of houses from aerated concrete and cellular foam concrete.

Significant advantages of a warm mortar for laying ceramic blocks

During construction, it is necessary to adhere to those components that are indicated in the approved project. In this case, a comparison with food products would be appropriate. A cake made with the addition of butter, vegetable fat, margarine will differ in its taste properties. So a house made of ceramics using a warm mortar will be better than the same building on a cement mortar. Benefits of using a warm solution:

high-quality connection of blocks without the manifestation of "cold bridges";

increase in energy efficiency (by 30% or more);

high strength;

long service life;

environmental friendliness and safety for health;

economy associated with the use of thin-seam masonry technology;

high level of moisture retention;

affordable cost.

Although the warm mortar for laying ceramic blocks is more expensive than ordinary cement and sand, its use guarantees the high quality of the constructed buildings. For a specialist, this will be visible immediately, and for a consumer it will manifest itself during the operation of the building.

Output

In order to get a comfortable building, laid out of porous ceramics, aerated concrete, foam concrete, it is necessary to observe the manufacturability of processes and adhere to the guidelines for the use of materials. If experts say that ceramic blocks are best joined with a special warm masonry mortar, then this has significant practical and economic value.

The construction of buildings and structures from ceramic blocks has now become widespread. This is due to the fact that they can significantly save on construction. But few people know that for maximum efficiency, it is also necessary to use a certain masonry technology. So, for this it is recommended to use an adhesive solution, but it can be used only if the thickness of the seam does not exceed 2 mm.

However, this requires a high degree of precision in the manufacture of ceramic blocks. The most common at the moment are products of the second category, which have a dimensional deviation of ± 3 mm. Such ceramic blocks require a joint thickness when laying in the range of 8 to 12 millimeters.

If, with such a joint thickness, an ordinary cement mortar is used, this will significantly reduce the thermal insulation characteristics of the wall (by about 30%). Therefore, in this case, it is necessary to use a warm mortar with a low density (the masonry mixture in dry form should not be denser than 1.5 t / m 3).

Characteristics and scope of warm solutions

To date, cottages, residential complexes, administrative and office premises are being built from ceramic blocks. The high popularity of this material is associated with such technical characteristics as thermal insulation and high strength.

It is these properties that should be supported by the masonry mixture. Accordingly, the main requirements for it are:

• Good fixing ability;
• Low thermal conductivity.

That is why, in most cases, builders use the so-called warm solution, which has a low density, which provides it with very high thermal insulation properties. The basis of the warm mortar are polymer additives, special mineral fillers and high-strength cement.

Foreman's advice: in order not to miscalculate with the choice of masonry mixture for a warm mortar during the construction process, it is necessary to take into account such characteristics as the ability of the mortar to retain moisture, plasticity, thermal conductivity of the warm mortar and the yield of the finished masonry mixture.

Thermal conductivity will significantly save on heating, maintaining a constant temperature inside the room.

The quality of the masonry depends on the ability of the masonry mixture to retain moisture, because ceramic blocks have a high hygroscopicity. This will prevent the warm mortar from drying out before the blocks are in place.

Plasticity significantly increases the convenience of working with the masonry mixture, due to the fact that it fits very well on the surface.

The yield of a suitable masonry mixture determines how much warm mortar will be obtained during the preparation process. In order for this indicator to be maximum, it is necessary to buy a high-quality masonry mixture, otherwise, having saved on the purchase, you can miscalculate with the expense.

In a word, the difference in price between the cement-sand mixture and the warm mortar more than pays off in the winter season, when, having spent much less fuel, you can maintain very comfortable indoor conditions.

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