Countries with high population density. Population density

Steadily growing. But at the same time, people are distributed very unevenly over the surface of the planet. What is it connected with? Let's talk about which country has the highest population density and how this can be explained.

Earth's population: features

Throughout the history of the Earth, peoples have migrated around the planet in search of better conditions for life. Initially, people settled in places with a warm climate, near water, with enough food and other resources. It is in such points that today there is a greater number of people living than in areas with more severe living conditions. That is why the countries with the greatest predominance in warm latitudes. Later, when all favorable zones were intensively populated, people began to move to less comfortable places. Civilization made it possible to deal with deprivation without great expense. And peoples began to strive to those places where comfortable conditions for existence have already been created. That is why today they are much more attractive to migrants than developing ones. Also, demography is highly dependent on the culture and traditions of the people. Therefore, countries with the highest population density are states in which it is customary to have many children.

The concept of population density

Observations of demographics on Earth began as early as the 17th century. During the Industrial Revolution, they became essential for good planning and resource use. In the 20th century, population density is added to traditional demographic indicators. It is calculated based on the area of ​​the country and the total number of its inhabitants. Knowing how many people there are per 1 square kilometer, taking into account the number of births and deaths, allows us to calculate how many different material goods people will need: food, housing, clothing, etc., and plan a competent life support for the population.

In the first quarter of the 20th century, countries with the highest population density were identified for the first time and the first scenarios were developed for the further development of the demographic situation on Earth. Today, the average on the planet is 45 people per 1 sq. km. km, but due to the increase in the number of earthlings, this figure is gradually increasing.

The value of the population density indicator and the factors affecting it

Demographic calculations are initially associated with the rational use of natural resources. Back in 1927, sociologists introduced the term "optimal density", but have not yet decided on its numerical expression. Observations of this indicator are necessary in order to identify countries with the highest population density, because they are a potential focus of social tension. The more people live in a limited space, the more intense the competition between them for vital resources. Information on density predictions allows you to start solving this problem in advance and find ways to eliminate it.

This indicator is influenced by several main factors. These are, firstly, the natural conditions of life: people like to live in warm countries with a good climate, which is why the shores of the Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Ocean, the equatorial zones are so densely populated. It is also common for peoples to strive to where comfortable, modern living conditions already exist, with sufficient social security. Therefore, the flow of migrants to the developed countries of Europe, the USA, New Zealand, and Australia is so great. The number of inhabitants is directly affected by the culture of the nation. Thus, the Muslim religion is built on the value of a large family, therefore, in the countries of Islam, the population is higher than in Christian countries. Another factor affecting the density is the development of medicine, in particular the use of contraception.

List of countries

The answer to the question of which countries has the highest average population density does not have a clear answer. Since the ratings are based on the results of national population censuses, and they are held in all states at different times, and therefore there are no exact figures on the number of inhabitants at a certain point. But there are stable indicators and forecasts that make it possible to compile the TOP-10 countries with the highest density. Monaco always ranks first (a little less than 19 thousand people per 1 sq. km), followed by Singapore (about 7.3 thousand people per 1 sq. km), the Vatican (about 2 thousand people per 1 sq. km). sq. km), Bahrain (1.7 thousand people per 1 sq. km), Malta (1.4 thousand people per 1 sq. km), Maldives (1.3 thousand people per 1 sq. km). km), Bangladesh (1.1 thousand people per 1 sq. km), Barbados (0.6 thousand people per 1 sq. km), China (0.6 thousand people per 1 sq. km) and Mauritius (0.6 thousand people per 1 sq. km). The last three states in the list often change their positions in accordance with the latest data.

Most populous regions

If you look at a world map in order to find out where people live the most, you can easily see that the highest density is in Europe, Southeast Asia and some countries in Africa. When we explore Asia and ask ourselves which countries in the region have the highest population density, we can say that the leaders here are Singapore, Hong Kong, Maldives, Bangladesh, Bahrain. These states do not have birth control programs. But China was able to curb the growth in numbers and today is in 134th place in the world in terms of density, although until recently it was in the lead.

Population density outlook

Describing countries with a high population density, sociologists look to the future with pessimism. Asia's growing population is a potentially conflict zone. Today we already see how migrants are besieging Europe, and the resettlement process will continue. Since no one can stop the growth of the number of inhabitants on Earth, it is obvious that the population density will only grow. And a large crowding of people always leads to conflicts for resources.

Monaco, a tiny state, has 18,700 inhabitants per square kilometer. By the way, the area of ​​Monaco is only 2 square kilometers. What about the countries with the smallest population density? Well, such statistics are also available, but the figures may vary slightly due to the constant change in the number of inhabitants. However, the countries below end up on this list anyway. Let's watch!

Just don't say you've never heard of such a country! A small state is located on the northeast coast of South America, and this, by the way, is the only English-speaking country on the continent. The area of ​​Guyana is commensurate with the area of ​​Belarus, while 90% of the people live in coastal areas. Almost half of the population of Guyana are Indians, and blacks, Indians and other peoples of the world also live here.

Botswana, 3.4 people/sq.km

A state in South Africa, bordering South Africa, is 70% the territory of the harsh Kalahari Desert. The area of ​​Botswana is quite large - the size of Ukraine, but the population there is 22 times less than in this country. The Tswana people live in Botswana for the most part, and other African peoples are represented in small groups, most of which are Christians.

Libya, 3.2 people/sq.km

The state in North Africa on the Mediterranean coast is quite large in area, however, the population density is low. 95% of Libya is desert, but cities and towns are distributed relatively uniformly throughout the country. Most of the population are Arabs, in some places there are Berbers and Tuareg, there are small communities of Greeks, Turks, Italians and Maltese.

Iceland, 3.1 people/sq.km

The state in the north of the Atlantic Ocean is completely located on a fairly large island of the same name, on which Icelanders, descendants of the Vikings who speak Icelandic, as well as Danes, Swedes, Norwegians and Poles, mostly live. Most of them live in the Reykjavik area. Interestingly, the level of migration in this country is extremely low, despite the fact that many young people leave to study in neighboring countries. After graduation, the majority returns for permanent residence in their beautiful country.

Mauritania, 3.1 people/sq.km

The Islamic Republic of Mauritania is located in West Africa, washed by the waters of the Atlantic Ocean in the west, and borders on Senegal, Mali and Algeria. The population density in Mauritania is about the same as in Iceland, but the country's territory is 10 times larger, and the people also live here 10 times more - about 3.2 million people, among whom there are most of the so-called black Berbers, historical slaves, and also white Berbers and blacks who speak African languages.

Suriname, 3 people/sq.km

The Republic of Suriname is located in the northern part of South America. A country the size of Tunisia is home to only 480,000 people, but the population is constantly growing little by little (maybe Suriname will be on this list in 10 years, say). The local population is represented mostly by Indians and Creoles, as well as Javanese, Indians, Chinese and other nations. There is probably no other country where so many languages ​​of the world are spoken!

Australia, 2.8 people/sq.km

Australia is 7.5 times larger than Mauritania and 74 times larger than Iceland. However, this does not prevent Australia from being one of the countries with the lowest population density. Two-thirds of the Australian population lives in 5 major cities on the mainland, located on the coast. Once, until the 18th century, this mainland was inhabited exclusively by Australian Aborigines, Torres Strait Islanders and Tasmanian Aborigines, who were very different from each other even externally, not to mention culture and language. After moving to a distant "island" of immigrants from Europe, mostly from Great Britain and Ireland, the number of inhabitants on the mainland began to grow very rapidly. However, it is unlikely that the deserts scorching with heat, which occupy a decent part of the mainland, will ever be mastered by man, so only the coastal parts will be filled with inhabitants - which is happening now.

Namibia, 2.6 people/sq.km

The Republic of Namibia in South West Africa has over 2 million people, but due to the huge problem of HIV/AIDS, the exact numbers fluctuate constantly. Most of the population of Namibia is the people of the Bantu family and a few thousand mestizos who live mainly in the community in Rehoboth. About 6% of the population are whites - the descendants of European colonists, some of whom retain their culture and language, but still, most of them speak Afrikaans.

Mongolia, 2 persons/sq.km

Mongolia is currently the country with the lowest population density in the world. The area of ​​Mongolia is large, but only a little over 3 million people live in the desert territories (although at the moment there is a slight increase in population). 95% of the population are Mongols, Kazakhs are represented to a small extent, as well as Chinese and Russians. It is believed that more than 9 million Mongols live outside the country, mostly in China and Russia.

Man has inhabited almost 90% of the earth's land. They have developed territories that are more or less suitable for life and economic activity.

Population density of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation

Only the poles and the areas adjacent to them, the most arid areas of deserts, high mountains, and glaciers remained uninhabited.

How are people located on the earth's surface?

The population of the Earth is distributed over its surface very unevenly.

To see this, just look at a map showing the density of the world's population. Population density is the number of inhabitants per 1 km2 of territory. In 2009, the average population density on the surface of the globe developed by people was 50 people.

People are unevenly distributed across the hemispheres of the planet. Most of them live in the Northern (90%) and Eastern (85%) hemispheres. The distribution of the population on individual continents and their parts is different. Even more significant are the differences in the distribution of the population across the countries of the world.

What affects the placement of people?

For people's lives, heat and moisture, relief and fertility of the soil, and a sufficient amount of air are of great importance.

Therefore, cold and arid territories are poorly populated, as well as high mountains, where it is difficult to breathe due to lack of oxygen.

Since ancient times, mankind has gravitated towards the sea.

Proximity to it made it possible to obtain food and conduct economic activities related to sea fishing. Sea routes opened up the possibility of communication with other regions of the Earth.

Population density is also influenced by the age of territory development. To date, four areas of historical settlement on Earth have the highest population density: South and East Asia, Western Europe and eastern North America.

Human adaptation to natural conditions

Adaptation to natural conditions is manifested not only in the external appearance of people belonging to different races.

Features of nature affect the appearance of dwellings, people's clothes, food and methods of its preparation. In different parts of the Earth, different tools and building materials are used. And although in the modern world all these differences are gradually being erased, they can still be observed, especially in rural areas.

Placement of people on the planet wikipedia
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Answers to GIA tickets by geography

The location of the population is influenced by several factors:

1. Natural and climatic conditions - the more favorable the conditions for human life, the greater the population density (plains of the North Caucasus, Central Black Earth region), on the contrary, in regions with extreme natural conditions, the population density is insignificant (European North, northern Siberia and the Far East) .

Relief - as a rule, plains are more densely populated than mountains, at the same time, in mountainous regions in intermountain basins, a very high population density can be observed (Northern Caucasus).

3. Economic development and development of the territory - in regions with developed industry or agriculture, the population density is higher, which leads to continuous settlement of the territory (European part of Russia, south of Western Siberia), and in economically backward regions (Kalmykia) or in areas of new development ( European North, north of Siberia and the Far East) is characterized by focal settlement around a center of development.

Traditions of the population - for example, the peoples of the Far North need vast territories for hunting and reindeer herding.

5. Fresh water sources play a decisive role in desert regions, when almost the entire population is concentrated in oases (Kalmykia).

List the areas with the highest population density in Russia

Transport routes - in Russia, in the poorly developed regions of the North, Siberia and the Far East, the population is concentrated along the main transport routes - along rivers or main railways (for example, along the Trans-Siberian Railway).

The uneven distribution of the population leads to an excess of labor resources and an increase in unemployment in some regions (the national republics of the North Caucasus) and a sharp shortage in resource-producing regions (the European North, the north of Western Siberia, Eastern Siberia and the Far East), which makes it difficult to develop the Asian part of the country.

The population of Russia is extremely unevenly distributed over its territory.

What are the main reasons that determine the uneven distribution of the population, what problems arise in connection with this? wikipedia
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Why America is not Russia: the history of US cities

The history of any state is, first of all, the history of its cities. In the United States, the dynamics of the development of the country's cities has been published. It shows that several large agglomerations have always existed in the country at the same time, and situations where one city (like Moscow in the Russian Federation) openly dominates the entire country did not arise there.

The last warriors / The last warriors

A series of documentaries dedicated to the wild and original tribes of Africa.

The life of the Wudabi and Tuareg tribes is a daily struggle for survival in the ruthless desert heat. The Mursi are a people whose life is determined by what is seen in the night sky. They sacrifice animals, fight enemy tribes, women express devotion to their husbands - warriors by stretching their lips to unthinkable sizes.

In the southern part of Ethiopia, two exotic tribes live - the Hamar and the Karo. Warring with neighboring tribes, they have lived in peace and harmony with each other for many centuries.

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This publication differs from many others in that a biologist writes about demographic problems.

With the development of ethology, social biology and other sciences of animal behavior, biologists began to encroach on a special point of view about the behavior of Homo sapiens. Naturally, this causes an unfavorable reaction among sociologists and psychologists, the invasion of aliens from biology into their protected territory seems at first blasphemy.

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Countries with the lowest population density

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Forced sterilization is a crime against humanity

Forced sterilization is a government program that forces people to undergo surgical or chemical sterilization.

In the first half of the 20th century, such programs were launched in some parts of the world, including the United States, usually as part of eugenics research, and were intended to prevent the reproduction of people who were considered carriers of defective genetic traits.

Forced sterilization: how in the USA they fought for the purity of the gene pool

The authorities of North Carolina ordered to pay multimillion-dollar compensation to residents of the state who suffered from a policy of forced sterilization in the early and middle of the 20th century.

They were deprived of the opportunity to have children in accordance with the then popular doctrine of preserving the purity of the gene pool of the population. However, eugenics in the United States was carried away not only in North Carolina - tens of thousands of Americans became victims of this theory.

Rites of initiation: from circumcision to army hazing

In all countries of the world, the concept of masculinity has its own meaning, and the inhabitants of different countries themselves determine when a boy can be considered a man.

In a modern civilized society, in order to become a man, you need to enter sexual maturity, start a family, gain status in society. But in various tribes, in order to be considered a real man, you often need to go through terrible rites of initiation, including pain and humiliation. And only after that the boy can rightfully bear the title of a real man.

The main patterns of population distribution.
About 70% of the population is concentrated in 7% of the territory, and 15% of the land is completely uninhabited.

90% of the population lives in the northern hemisphere.

Over 50% of the population - up to 200 m above sea level, and up to 45% - up to 500 m above sea level (only in Bolivia, Peru and China (Tibet) does the boundary of human habitation exceed 5000 m)

about 30% - at a distance of no more than 50 km from the sea, and 53% - in a 200-km coastal strip.

80% of the population is concentrated in the Eastern Hemisphere average density: 45 people/km2 per 1/2 land population density less than 5 people/km2 maximum population density: Bangladesh - 1002 people/km2

World population density

The people on the planet are extremely unevenly settled.

Approximately 1/10 of the land is still uninhabited (Antarctica, almost all of Greenland, and so on).

According to other estimates, about half of the land has a density of less than 1 person per square kilometer, for 1/4 the density ranges from 1 to 10 people per 1 square kilometer.

km and only the rest of the land has a density of more than 10 people per 1 square kilometer. On the inhabited part of the Earth (oecumene), the average population density is 32 people per square meter.

80% live in the eastern hemisphere, 90% live in the northern hemisphere, and 60% of the world's population lives in Asia.

Obviously, a group of countries with a very high population density stands out - over 200 people per square kilometer.

It includes such countries as Belgium, the Netherlands, Great Britain, Israel, Lebanon, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, the Republic of Korea, Rwanda, El Salvador, etc.

In a number of countries, the density indicator is close to the world average - in Ireland, Iraq, Colombia, Malaysia, Morocco, Tunisia, Mexico, etc.

Some countries have lower density than the world average - in them it is no more than 2 people per 1 km2.

This group includes Mongolia, Libya, Mauritania, Namibia, Guyana, Australia, Greenland, etc.

Causes of uneven settlement

The uneven distribution of the population on the planet is explained by a number of factors.
First, it is the natural environment. For example, it is known that 1/2 of the world's population is concentrated in the lowlands, although they make up less than 30% of the land; 1/3 of people live at a distance of no more than 50 kilometers from the sea (the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthis strip is 12% of the land) - the population is, as it were, shifted to the sea.

This factor has probably been leading throughout human history, but its influence is weakening as socio-economic development progresses. And although vast areas with extreme and unfavorable natural conditions (deserts, tundras, highlands, tropical forests, etc.) are still sparsely populated, natural factors alone cannot explain the expansion of the ecumene ranges and those huge shifts in the distribution of people that have occurred over the past century.
Secondly, the historical factor has a rather strong influence.

This is due to the duration of the process of human settlement on Earth (about 30 - 40 thousand years).
Thirdly, the current demographic situation affects the distribution of the population. Thus, in some countries, the population is increasing very rapidly due to high natural increase.

In addition, within any country or region, no matter how small they may be, the population density is different and varies greatly depending on the level of development of the productive forces.

It follows that the indicators of the average population density give only an approximate idea of ​​the population and economic potential of the country.

This uneven distribution of the population is caused by a number of interrelated factors: natural, historical, demographic and socio-economic.

The population is distributed very unevenly across the globe.

This is due to the influence of a large number of factors that can be divided into three groups.

· Natural. They were decisive in the resettlement of people before the transition of mankind to agriculture and animal husbandry.

Of the most important here, one can single out the absolute height, relief, climate, the presence of water bodies, and natural zonality as a complex factor.

· Socio-economic. These factors are directly related to the development of human civilization and their influence on the distribution of the population increased with the development of productive forces. Despite the fact that human society will never fully become independent of nature, at present, it is the factors belonging to this group that are decisive in shaping the system of the Earth's settlement.

These include the development of new territories, the development of natural resources, the construction of various economic facilities, population migration, etc.

· Environmental factors. In fact, they also belong to the socio-economic.

However, starting from the last quarter of the 20th century, their influence increased sharply, which became the basis for their separation into a separate group. The influence of these factors is already determined not only by individual local events (the Chernobyl accident, the Aral Sea problem, etc.), but is increasingly becoming global in nature (the problems of pollution of the World Ocean, the greenhouse effect, ozone holes, etc.).

Historically, most of the population lives in Asia.

Currently, in this part of the world there are more than 3.8 billion people (2003), which is over 60.6% of the population of our planet. Almost equal in population America and Africa (approximately 860 million people each).

people, or 13.7% each, are significantly behind the rest of Australia and Oceania (32 million people, 0.5% of the world's population.

Asia hosts most of the countries with the largest populations.

Among them, according to this indicator, China has long been the leader (1289 million people, 2003), followed by India (1069 million people), the USA (291.5 million people), Indonesia (220.5 million people). pers.). Seven more states have a population of over 100 million people: Brazil (176.5 million people), Pakistan (149.1 million people), Bangladesh (146.7 million people).

people), Russia (144.5 million people), Nigeria (133.8 million people), Japan (127.5 million people) and Mexico (104.9 million people). At the same time, the population of Grenada, Dominica, Tonga, Kiribati, Marshall Islands was only 0.1 million.

Population density in Russia. World population density

The main indicator of population distribution is its density. This figure is growing with the increase in population and is currently on average in the world it is 47 people/km. However, it is significantly differentiated by regions of the world, countries and, in most cases, by different regions of countries, which is determined by the previously named groups of factors. Among parts of the world, the highest population density is in Asia - 109 people / km and Europe - 87 people / km, America - 64 people / km.

Africa and Australia with Oceania are significantly behind them - respectively, 28 people / km and 2.05 people / km. Differences in population density in the context of individual countries are even more pronounced. Small states are usually more densely populated. Monaco (11,583 people/km, 2003) and Singapore (6,785 people/km) stand out among them. From others: Malta - 1245 people / km, Bahrain - 1016 people / km, Republic of Maldives - 999 people / km. In the group of larger countries, Bangladesh is the leader (1019 people/km), significant density in Taiwan - 625 people/km, Republic of Korea - 483 people/km, Belgium - 341 people/km, Japan - 337 people/km, India - 325 people /km.

At the same time, in Western Sahara the density does not exceed 1 person/km, in Suriname, Namibia and Mongolia - 2 person/km, in Canada, Iceland, Australia, Libya, Mauritania and a number of other states - 3 person/km.

In the Republic of Belarus, the density indicator is close to the world average and amounts to 48 persons/km.

Demographic factor

Demographic factors have a great influence on the rational distribution of productive forces. When locating individual enterprises and sectors of the economy, it is necessary to take into account both the demographic situation already existing in a given place and the future situation, as well as the future increase in production itself.

When locating the construction of new economic facilities, it should be borne in mind that the working-age population is declining. Therefore, the task is to save labor resources, use them more rationally, release labor as a result of comprehensive mechanization and automation of production, and better organization of labor.

The current demographic situation is characterized by a large uneven distribution.

Most densely populated areas of the European part of the country: Central, North-Western, North Caucasus. At the same time, the regions of Siberia and the Far East and the North have a very low population density.

Therefore, when building new large-scale industries in the east and north of the country, it is necessary to attract labor resources from the populous European regions of the country to these areas, create a favorable social infrastructure for them in order to secure these personnel in newly developed areas with extreme conditions.

In connection with the growth of production in the eastern regions of the country and the acute shortage of labor resources in them, especially highly qualified personnel, the tasks are set of all-round intensification of production, accelerating the training of qualified personnel and attracting labor resources from the European regions of the country to new construction sites.

The labor factor is also of great importance in the prospective development of agriculture, where there is a significant shortage of labor resources.

Only the solution of the most important social problems in the countryside, private ownership of land, the convergence of living standards between town and countryside, the comprehensive development of housing construction and other infrastructure sectors will make it possible to secure personnel, especially young people, in the countryside.

An important aspect of personnel policy, which affects the development and location of production, is the factor of wages, especially for the regions of the North, eastern regions, i.e.

e. Labor-deficient areas with extreme conditions, sparsely populated.

Moscow 11 514.30 Central
2 St. Petersburg 8,081.17 North-Western
3 Moscow region 154.19 Central
4 Republic of Ingushetia 96.05 North Caucasian
5 Republic of North Ossetia-Alania 89.11 North Caucasian
6 Republic of Chechnya 84.61 North Caucasian
7 Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria 68.78 North Caucasian
8 Krasnodar Territory 68.76 Southern
9 Republic of Chuvashia 68.39 Privolzhsky
10 Kaliningrad region 62.35 Northwestern
11 Tula region 60.46 Central
12 Samara Region 59.99 Privolzhsky
13 Republic of Dagestan 59.19 North Caucasian
14 Republic of Adygea 57.95 South
15 Belgorod Region 56.56 Central
16 Republic of Tatarstan 55.68 Privolzhsky
17 Vladimir region 49.81 Central
18 Lipetsk Region 48.66 Central
19 Voronezh region 44.58 Central
20 Ivanovo region 44.46 Central
21 Nizhny Novgorod Region 44.26 Privolzhsky
22 Rostov region 42.45 Yuzhny
23 Stavropol Territory 41.90 North Caucasian
24 Chelyabinsk Region 39.57 Ural
25 Kursk region 37.80 Central

The population of the countries of the world does not belong to constant indicators: somewhere it grows, and in some countries it falls catastrophically. There are many reasons for this - economic, political, social, pressure from other powers. As practice shows, people are constantly looking for a place to live with clean air, developed infrastructure, and social guarantees. Natural growth and decline also affect - the ratio of mortality and fertility, life expectancy, and other significant factors. Previously, experts predicted that the number of people on the globe would certainly exceed critical levels and become uncontrollable. Today's realities show that this is not entirely true.

The population in the world is generally estimated, by continents and superpowers, there are exceptions - the European Union, which unites states with different levels of economy and demography. We should not forget the migration processes activated as a result of military conflicts, as the events in Yugoslavia and Syria have shown. Moreover, the development of the economy does not always accompany an increase in the number of people living in the country, and vice versa, which is proved by the example of India or individual African countries. But first things first. Consider the largest population in the world by country, according to official statistics.

The largest countries by population

Leader in population China- there, according to sociologists, almost 1.4 billion people are concentrated.

In second place India: Indians, compared with the Chinese, are less than 40 million (1.36 billion). These are the countries with the largest population in the world, followed by other numbers - hundreds of millions or less.

The third place is rightfully occupied by USA. There are 328.8 million Americans in the world. After a developed and wealthy America, states that are not similar to each other are breaking forward. These are Indonesia (266.4 million), Brazil (212.9), Pakistan (200.7), Nigeria (196.8), Bangladesh (166.7), Russian Federation (143.3). Closes the top ten Mexico - "only" 131.8 million.

The second ten is opened by island Japan, it is inhabited by 125.7 million citizens. The next participant in the world population ranking is distant Ethiopia (106.9 million). Egypt and Vietnam are not similar in any way, except for the number of citizens living there - respectively 97 and 96.4 million people (14th and 15th place). The Congo has 84.8 million inhabitants, Iran (17th position) and Turkey (18th) have almost the same number of citizens - 81.8 and 81.1 million.

After a prosperous Germany with its 80.6 million law-abiding burghers, another decline is observed in exactly 20: 68.4 million Thais have accumulated in Thailand. Then begins the combined hodgepodge, interspersed with developed European states.

Among other players, the Netherlands (17.1 million), Belgium (81 positions, 11.5 million people) are in 68th place. In total, the list contains 201 states in the ranking by population of the countries of the world, if you look in descending order, including the Virgin Islands, which are under the protectorate of the United States (106.7 thousand people).

How many people live on earth

In 2017, the world population was 7.58 billion. At the same time, 148.78 were born, and 58.62 million people died. 54% of the total population lived in cities, and 46%, respectively, in towns and villages. The world population for 2018 was 7.66 billion with a natural increase of 79.36 million. The data is not final, because the year is not over yet.

Traditionally, the "inflow" is provided by states with a low standard of living, which are leaders in the ranking of the world's largest countries in terms of population - China and India. If we take statistics for long periods, it is easy to see that a smooth increase in 1960-1970 (up to 2% annually) gave way to a decline until 1980. Then there was a sharp jump (more than 2%) in the late eighties, after which the rate of increase in numbers began to decline. In 2016, the growth rate was about 1.2%, and now the number of people living on Earth is slowly but surely increasing.

TOP 10 countries with the largest population

Statistics refers to the exact sciences and allows, with minimal errors, to determine fluctuations in the number of citizens permanently residing in a given territory, to make a forecast for the future. Online counters and surveys are designed to take into account any changes as impartially as possible, but they are not without sin.

For example, the UN Secretariat estimated the population of the countries of the world in the past year at 7.528 billion people (06/01/2017), the US Census Bureau operates with an indicator of 7.444 billion (01/01/2018), the independent fund DSW (Germany) believes that as of 01.01. In 2018, there were 7.635 billion inhabitants on the planet. Which number of the 3 given to choose, everyone decides for himself.

Population of the countries of the world in descending order (table)

The population of the countries of the world in 2019 is distributed unevenly among individual states, in accordance with other factors - mortality, fertility, total life expectancy. It is easy to track how the population of the countries of the world changed in 2019 using the following indicators from the table (according to Wikipedia):

Japan and Mexico "fight" for the 10th place, statistical counters place them in the ranking in different ways. In total, there are about 200 hundred participants in the list. Toward the end are island states and protectorates with conditional independence. There is also the Vatican. But their participation in the growth of the population of the countries of the world for 2019 is small - a fraction of a percent.

Rating forecast

According to analysts' calculations, in the future, the number of inhabitants of the largest, as well as dwarf countries of the world, will not change on a global scale: the growth rate for 2019 is determined at about 252 million 487 thousand people. Global changes, according to the tabular characteristics of the population of the countries of the world in 2019, do not threaten any of the states.

The last serious fluctuations, according to the UN, were noted in 1970 and 1986, when the growth reached 2-2.2% per year. After the onset of 2000, demographics show a smooth decline with a small surge in 2016.

The population of European countries

Europe and the union formed in it are going through hard times: the crisis, the influx of refugees from other states, currency fluctuations. These factors are inevitably reflected in the population for 2019 in the EU countries, being an indicator of political and economic processes.

Germany demonstrates enviable stability: 80.560 million citizens live in it, in 2017 there were 80.636 of them, in 2019 there will be 80.475 million. The French Republic and the British Empire have similar figures - 65.206 and 65.913 million. Last year they were at the same level (65), next year in the UK they expect an increase to 66.3 million people.

The number of Italians living in their territories remains unchanged - 59 million. Neighbors have different conditions: some are worse, some are better. It is problematic to track the population of Europe and the world according to the table, because, due to open borders, many citizens move freely around the continent, living in one country and working in another.

Population of Russia

The Russian Federation, if you look at the data on the population among the countries of the world in descending order in 2019, is confidently in the top ten. According to one think tank, there will be 160,000 fewer Russians in 2019. Now there are 143.261 million. It is necessary to take into account the combination of regions with different densities, and there are enough of them in Russia (Siberia, the Urals, the Far East and the Far North).

Earth population density

The indicator of population density of the countries of the world does not depend on the area of ​​the occupied territory, but indirectly affects the assessment of the situation. In close positions, there are both developed powers (Canada, the USA, Scandinavian), in which certain areas are not inhabited, and representatives of the third world with a critical standard of living. Or the microstate of Monaco, which demonstrates high density (due to the minimum area occupied by the territory).

Why is density important?

Density determines the ratio of area and population of the countries of the civilized world, as well as other states. It is not identical to the number or standard of living, but characterizes the development of infrastructure.

There are no clearly defined territories with "normalized" density. More often, a situation with an abrupt change from a metropolis to a suburb or across climatic regions is observed. In fact, this is the ratio of the number of people to the area on which they permanently live. Even in the largest countries in the world in terms of population (China and India), there are sparsely populated (mountainous) areas adjacent to densely populated ones.

Countries with the highest and lowest population densities

As in every ranking, there are leaders and outsiders. Density is not tied to the number of settlements, the number of citizens living there, or the rating of the country. An example of this is the densely populated Bangladesh, an agrarian power with an economy dependent on developed countries, where there are no more than 5 megacities with a population of a million people.

Therefore, the list includes polar players in terms of economic indicators. Among the states of Europe and the world, the Principality of Monaco occupies the first place: 37.7 thousand people in an area of ​​2 square kilometers. In Singapore, with a population of 5 million, the density is 7,389 people per square kilometer. The Vatican, with its specific administrative division, can hardly be called a state, but it is also on the list. Steppe Mongolia is the least populated, completing the list: 2 inhabitants per unit area.

Table: population, area, density

The tabular form of estimating the population by countries of the world is accepted as illustrative and accessible for perception. Positions are distributed as follows:

There are 195 countries on the list in total. Belgium - 24 positions, after Haiti (341 inhabitants per square kilometer), Great Britain - 34 (255).

Russia population density

The Russian Federation ranks 181, behind neighboring Ukraine (100) and Belarus (126). Russia has a density of 8.56, while other Slavic states have 74 (Ukraine) and 46 (Belarus). At the same time, in terms of the territory occupied by the Russian Federation, it is far ahead of both powers.

Population is a numerical value that describes the number of inhabitants in the countries of the world in any period of time.

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This is one of the main indicators of demographic development. Below is a table of the population of the countries of the world in 2019.

Important Aspects

To calculate the number of people in the world, statistics are used that are provided by national institutions and international organizations under the influence of the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA).

Each year, the United Nations publishes data on the number of people on earth in a specific report.

Population values ​​in different states are constantly changing, while UN reports are generally issued with a delay of several years, since the data need to be internationally compared after printing data by national statistical services.

According to expert data, today the world's population is approximately 7.6 billion people. In the past century, the natural increase on earth was three times greater than in all periods before.

But over the past few decades, this value has been declining. It is worth noting that the UN predicts an increase in the world population to 11 billion people by 2088.

Top states by years

Speaking about the population of the countries of the world, it is necessary to take into account the fact that today the processes of population migration are actively taking place in the world.

Some do it because of the unstable political situation, others because of unsuitable natural conditions, someone just wants to change their country of residence.

Nevertheless, analyzing the situation in general, we can conclude that China and India are leading in terms of the number of inhabitants.

Approximately 35% of the world's population lives in these countries. The high birth rate is maintained due to the high level of development of life, stability in all spheres of society.

The next place is the United States of America. Followed by Indonesia, Pakistan, Brazil, Nigeria, Bangladesh, Russian Federation. Japan closes the top ten countries.

Since many states conduct population censuses very infrequently, information is provided according to the latest updated data.

The table of world population in recent years is presented below:

Some of the islands of Great Britain, France and New Zealand have the smallest population.

Pitcairn Islands - 49, Vatican City - 842, Tokelau - 1383, Niue - 1612, Falkland Islands - 2912, Saint Helena - 3956, Montserrat - 5154, Saint Pierre and Miquelon - 6301, Saint Barthélemy - 9417 people.

On the African continent, among the leaders in terms of population after Nigeria, one can distinguish Ethiopia - 90,076,012, Egypt - 89,935,000, Congo - 81,680,000, the Republic of South Africa - 51,770,560, Tanzania - 43,188,000, Sudan - 42,749,000 , Kenya - 45,010,056, Algeria - 37,100,000, Uganda - 35,620,977 people.

Closes the thirty largest countries in terms of the number of people in Africa Guinea - 10,481,000, Somalia - 9,797,000, Benin - 9,352,000 people.

By GDP per capita

Gross domestic product is the amount of goods and services produced in a particular country. This indicator is determined in dollars, since this currency is the leading one in the world.

To calculate GDP per capita, the total GDP is divided by the number of inhabitants of the country.

Today, the leading countries in terms of GDP per capita are:

Density

The population density index characterizes the number of citizens per 1 sq. km. km. This value is determined without taking into account water areas and uninhabited places. In addition to the overall density, this indicator is also calculated for villages and cities separately.

It should be noted that the number of people on earth is unevenly distributed. Therefore, the figures vary greatly from country to country.

According to the population density, 4 types of states can be identified:

The states of Asia, Africa and Europe stand out with the highest density, where 6 of the 7 billion inhabitants of the planet are concentrated. The territory of the state does not affect the density of people.

The average population density is 40 million people per square kilometer. km. In certain areas, this value can be up to two thousand people per square meter. km, and on some - one person per sq. km.

To characterize the distribution of the population, the indicator is used density population, which first appeared in the works of economists in the first half of the 19th century. It allows you to more or less clearly judge the degree of population of the territory, it reflects the suitability of one or another type of natural environment for the production activities of people and the direction of the economy, and the demographic capacity of the territory. The most traditional indicator of population density is calculated as the ratio of the number of permanent residents of the territory to its area, excluding large inland water basins, expressed in the number of people per 1 km 2 (gross population density).

In industrialized countries, the indicator of average density, due to the high proportion of city dwellers, does not reflect the nature of the use of the territory. Therefore, the density of the rural population is often determined in relation to either the entire territory of the country, or only to agricultural land, or suitable for agriculture (net population density).

Average density data allow comparisons between countries and areas, especially when comparing agricultural countries. The smaller the area taken for calculation, the closer this indicator is to reality. So, with an average population density in Indonesia of 122 people / km 2 about. Java has a density of over 500 people/km 2 , and some of its areas (Adiverna, Klatena) - more than 2500 people/km 2 [Shuv., p.82].

The overall population density of the Earth is growing in proportion to the growth of the world population. In 1900, this figure was 12 people/km2, in 1950 it was 18, and in 2000 it was approximately 45 people/km2. Rural population density has grown much more slowly and is now half the global average. And in economically developed countries, the density of the rural population does not grow at all or even decreases.

At the same time, in such densely populated countries as India and Bangladesh, where urbanization is developing slowly, the burden of the rural population on agricultural land that has long been used to the limit is growing.

The highest density indicator (126 people / km 2) has a populous Asia, more than 120 people / km 2 - Europe (without the CIS countries), in the rest of the macroregions of the Earth, the population density is lower than the world average: in Africa - 31, in America - 22, and in Australia and Oceania - only 4 people / km 2.

Comparison of the population density of individual countries makes it possible to single out three groups of states according to this indicator. Belgium, the Netherlands, Great Britain, Germany, Japan, India, Israel, Lebanon, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, the Republic of Korea, Rwanda, El Salvador, etc. have a very high population density (over 200 people / km 2).

Small, mostly island countries, have particularly high population densities: Monaco (33104 people / km 2), Singapore (6785), Malta (1288), Bahrain (1098), Barbados (647), Mauritius (618 people / km 2) and etc.

There are significant contrasts in population density within individual countries. Egypt, China, Australia, Canada, Brazil, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Russia, etc. can be cited as vivid examples of this kind.

For example, in Australia, 4/5 of the country's population lives on 10% of the territory, and only 1% on 65% of the area. In India, more than half of the population lives in the Tanga Valley, in the south of Hindustan and along the coast, i.e. 1/5 of the country. Only 3.5% of the population lives on 3/5 of China's area.

The most important geographical features of the population distribution can be noted:

- about 70% of the population lives on 7% of the land;

- more than 70% of the world's rural population is concentrated in Asia;

- more than 85% of the planet's inhabitants are concentrated in the eastern hemisphere, 90% - in the northern hemisphere;

- the main part of the population and settlements are distributed up to 78 0 n. and 54 0 S;

- about 4/5 of the land population lives no higher than 500 m above sea level, 50% - up to 200 m;

- in the lowlands most people live in Europe (69%), Australia (72%); least of all - in Africa (32%) and South America (42%);

- about 11% of the world's population lives at an altitude of 500-1000 m;

– about 30% of the population lives at a distance of up to 50 km from the sea coast [Shuv., Shitikova].

Population density maps reflect extremely brightly and visually the distribution of the population, and the larger the scale of the map, the higher its value as a source of information.

Five main areas of high density are clearly distinguished on the world population density map. The largest of them is the East Asian one, which includes the eastern provinces of China, Korea, and Japan. The average density here everywhere (except for mountainous regions) is about 200 people. (Kong, and in the Yangtze Valley, the Republic of Korea and Japan exceeds 300 people / km 2. Approximately 1.5 billion inhabitants live in this area, there are approximately more than 30 cities with a population exceeding 1 million each.

The second population cluster is South Asian (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka) with an average density of about 300 people / km 2 and the largest population concentration in the Tanga and Brahmakutra valleys - up to 500 people / km 2. It is also home to about 1.5 billion people.

The third area is Southeast Asian (Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia) with a population of more than 400 million people. In these regions, high density was formed initially due to the rural population, where it does not fall below 300-500 people / km 2, and in some areas reaches 1500-2000 people, with a further concentration of part of the population in cities, especially in Japan and the Republic of Korea .

The fourth area is Western European (Great Britain (without Scotland), Benelux, North of France, Germany), where the average density exceeds 200 people / km 2.

The fifth cluster of population can be traced to the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada with 14 million-plus cities. The concentration of the population here, as well as in Western Europe, is explained by the high level of development of industry and other sectors of the economy in cities of various ranks.

A small cluster of population is located in the lower reaches of the Nile, where the density reaches 500-800 people / km 2, and in the delta - more than 1300 people / km 2.

More than 2/3 of the total population of the planet is concentrated in these areas.

Along with densely populated areas, vast expanses of land are very sparsely populated. About 54% of the Oikulina area has a population density of less than 5 persons/km2. These areas include the territories of Eurasia and North America with subpolar archipelagos of islands adjacent to the coast of the Arctic Ocean.

A rare population in the deserts of North Africa, Central and Western Australia, Central Asia, the Arabian Peninsula. There is little population in the equatorial forests of the Amazon, in high mountainous areas. These areas are extreme in terms of natural conditions. Naturally, the bulk of people are concentrated in the most favorable areas for living and farming in the temperate, subtropical and subequatorial climatic zones.

The population density in foreign Europe and Asia is more than 2.5 times higher than the world average, while in America it is twice, and in Australia and Oceania 12 times less (Table 1).

Table 1 Change in population density by regions of the world, persons/km2

Note: * without CIS countries

Over half a century, the population density has increased most in Africa (almost 8 times) and in general in developing countries - 3 times.

In the Asian region, the bulk of the population is concentrated in East, Southeast and South Asia. Huge areas of deserts, semi-deserts and mountains do not have a permanent population. As already noted, this region is characterized by intra-country differentiation in density (China, India, etc.).

Countries with the highest population density: Bangladesh - 1035 people / km 2, Japan - 338, India - 344, Lebanon - 377, Israel - 332. In the largest countries of the region, this figure is lower: China - 138, Indonesia - 122, Pakistan - 213 people / km 2. Mongolia has the minimum population density - 2 people / km 2.

Europe has a fairly uniform population density everywhere, there are no vast sparsely populated and uninhabited areas, as well as areas of a dense agricultural population, as in Asia. High density rates are achieved at the expense of the urban population. The highest density of the rural population is observed in Malta, Switzerland and Italy, the lowest - in the countries of Northern Europe (Iceland, Scandinavian countries). Intra-country differentiation in density is most pronounced in the UK and France.

They have the maximum population density (not counting the dwarf and island heads in the Netherlands - 394 people / km 2, Italy - 197, Switzerland - 182, Belgium - 348. In Iceland, this figure is minimal - 3 people / km 2.

Africa is still relatively sparsely populated, especially in the equatorial forests of the river basin. Congo, deserts of North and South Africa. Intra-country differences in population density are pronounced in North Africa (Egypt, Libya). The most densely populated countries are Mauritius (619 people / km 2), Reunion (319), Rwanda (355), Burundi (306).

Of the large states, the highest density is: Nigeria - 156 people / km 2; Egypt -73, Uganda - 188, Ethiopia - 70.

The lowest population density was noted in Mauritania and Namibia - 3 people / km 2 each, Western Sahara - 2 people / km 2.

America is characterized by a sharp differentiation in population density within countries and between countries (Canada, USA, Brazil). The highest population density is observed in the Atlantic regions of the United States and the central highlands of Mexico, on the Pacific coast (California), the Caribbean islands, and the Columbian highlands in South America. The lowest density is observed in the Amazon, the foothills of AID, the Atacama Desert, and the Arctic regions.

The average population density of the largest countries in the region: USA - 31 people / km 2, Mexico - 54, Brazil - 22, Venezuela - people / km 2, the lowest - in Canada (3 people / km 2).

Australia and Oceania is the region with the lowest population density. There are clusters of population on the islands: Nauru (667 people / km 2), Tuvalu (379), Marshall Islands (370), Guam (315). In Australia itself, this figure does not exceed 3 people / km 2.

In Russia, the largest of the CIS countries, the average population density is only 8 people / km 2, and rural - 2.3. The population density map of Russia clearly shows the main strip of settlement, stretching from the Western borders and narrowing towards the Pacific Ocean through the Volga region, the Middle and Southern Urals, the south of Western and Eastern Siberia to the south of the Far East, mainly along the Trans-Siberian Railway. About 2/3 of the entire population of Russia is concentrated within this band. Away from it, on the territory of the North Caucasian Federal District, there are several areas with a high population density, especially in its western part. In natural terms, the main zone of settlement coincides with the steppe, forest-steppe zones and the southern regions of the taiga, the most convenient for living and farming, in which the vast majority of the inhabitants of Russia have been employed for many centuries. At present, the population density in the Moscow region is about 300 people/km2, and in the most densely populated Central Economic Region, this figure is 60 people/km2.

Of the other CIS countries, Moldova (118 people/km2), Armenia (101) and Ukraine (77 people/km2) have the highest population density. The minimum values ​​were noted in Kazakhstan (6 people/km2), Turkmenistan (11 people/km2).