Application of waterproofing. Modern waterproofing

Waterproofing serves as a reliable barrier between concrete and moisture. Her responsibilities include increasing the service life of concrete structures, increasing their quality characteristics, as well as protection against mechanical damage during ground movements. But first things first.

The choice of the TechnoNIKOL brand is very wide, regarding waterproofing. All types of narrowly focused materials are available.

As a rule, conventional bitumen-based mastics are applied only when hot. They are very cheap, but require heating. These mastics include the MBK-G series, which belongs to the economy class. Used for waterproofing the outside of all types of building elements under any climatic conditions. If you constantly stir the mastic, it will warm up to 160-1000 degrees Celsius. It is applied in the following way: the base is dedusted, then covered with a primer, then, using a brush, a layer of mastic is placed on top, or poured, and then it is already leveled. As soon as the mass of mastic hardens, you will have a strong moisture-protecting layer that is firmly adhered to the surface.

TechnoNIKOL No. 41 has a competitive quality - fast hardening. It is used for the device and repair of roofing surfaces, for steel structures, pipes, concrete blocks and columns that are in contact with the ground. The mastic itself is made on the basis of bitumen, which is improved with polymer and mineral additives. It is applied in the same way as ordinary mastics - with a hot method.

There is also a cold mastic, Technomast, this is the same TechnoNIKOL No. 21. It is initially ready for application, no preliminary preparations are required. It is made on the basis of petroleum bitumen, which is flavored with artificial rubber, minerals, and even organic solvents. Such mastic can be applied both in bulk and in parts with a spatula. It is used in foundations, waterproofing piles and other structures that are buried in the ground and are in stable contact with moisture. However, it is also used to protect against corrosion in metal pipes, and even car bodies.

Each layer should be no more than one and a half millimeters thick. And they are superimposed on each other only when the previous layer dries completely, and this takes up to 24 hours. It all depends on the thickness of the applied layer. In any case, at least two layers.

There is also a water-based mastic from TechnoNIKOL, its number 33. It is obtained by dispersing latex-improved bitumen in an aqueous mixture of emulsifiers. Such mastics have a very wide temperature range at which they retain all their qualities. It is used for foundations, piles and other underground structures that are constantly in contact with moisture. It is also used for indoor waterproofing, under tiles in the bathroom, toilet, for balconies and the same pools.

It is necessary to choose a waterproofing material based on the type of structure, weather conditions, as well as, depending on the type of building material on which waterproofing will be applied. You can buy one mastic for all types of work, but if you prefer to save money, then for each individual case, namely, structures, premises, you will need to choose separate view mastics. The highest quality, of course, are the mastics described above.

Method for applying waterproofing

Waterproofing is called various methods protection building structures, ground and underground communications from moisture. There are two types of waterproofing in construction; anti-filtration and anti-corrosion. The first is used in order to avoid the penetration of water into underground premises - first of all, these are basements, transport tunnels, caissons. The same type of waterproofing is also performed during the construction of structures, dams, etc.

Anti-filtration protection is extremely important for environmental safety. It prevents various discharges and technical waters from entering the natural environment. For example, in wastewater treatment plants, such waterproofing is used in without fail.

Anti-corrosion waterproofing prevents the destruction of various materials. It is needed where various surfaces(primarily metal) are subject to the aggressive action of the liquid. Anti-corrosion protection mandatory for surface and underground pipelines, surface metal structures, structures on reservoirs, the water level of which often changes.

Used for waterproofing various materials, resistant to water or other . Now, for example, various types of plastic are often used to protect, for example, underground utilities. There are also asphalt, mineral and metal types waterproofing.

There are many ways to install waterproofing. Paint protection is done with the help of special varnishes, which are applied to the structure in a thin but inseparable layer. Quite often, polymer varnishes are used for this purpose. The execution method can be hot and cold.

For gluing waterproofing, special roll materials are used. This way of doing it is typical for roofing works. The layer is quite thick and durable.

One of the most popular types is cast waterproofing. She is strong and reliable. Perform it with asphalt mastics. This type is also intended primarily for roofs, but it is also used to protect other building elements.

Perform waterproofing and with the help of special impregnations. This method is convenient if the building structures are made of porous materials. They are simply impregnated with astringent material. This is the most reliable way for load-bearing structures.

In order for the seams of the building not to let moisture through, they are filled with binders. This method of waterproofing injection. It is very noticeable in prefabricated houses - this is the most dense, rubber-like, which is located between the plates.

In the most difficult situations installed waterproofing. It is mainly used for this purpose, but there may be other types of synthetic materials.

In hydraulic structures, special types of waterproofing are used. In some cases, they work for clamping, in others, on the contrary, for separation. For this special types cement, epoxy resin, etc.

Waterproofing for the foundation is possible only taking into account several factors, such as: type of soil, level groundwater, climatic conditions, type of foundation. Waterproofing can be dispensed with in hot regions with a minimum of precipitation and low humidity, as well as with deep passage of groundwater. In other cases, waterproofing is necessary for any structure. Read more about what is foundation waterproofing, types of waterproofing, methods of application in our article.

External waterproofing of the basement

How does moisture affect the foundation

Water leads to a violation of the integrity of the foundation in at least two ways.

First of all, this is the washing out of concrete, the appearance of roughness and potholes on its surface.

No less dangerous is the icing of water that has entered the pores of concrete. When water freezes, it tends to expand in volume rather than contract. Penetrating into the foundation structure, in a frozen state, it destroys it inside, forming cracks and crevices. Therefore, during construction, the waterproofing of the foundation should be carried out during the construction process.

Destruction of the foundation due to lack of waterproofing

Why waterproofing

In the basement of a building without good waterproofing, flooding and smudges on the floor, mold on the walls will certainly appear. In such a house it is unacceptable to save food or household items. It is important to choose materials for waterproofing High Quality, follow the technology of building a foundation to protect the house from the damaging effects of moisture.

Waterproofing performs important tasks:

strengthens the foundation and extends the service life;

prevents warping of the walls of the house and the formation of cracks;

prevents walls from leaking and the presence of water in basements, mold formation; protects from natural destroyers.

Types of moisture insulation

It is divided into the following types:

horizontal;

vertical;

blind area device.

In some cases, all means of protection are used at once.

Horizontal waterproofing

It is used to prevent the transfer of moisture from one level to another. Designed for all types of foundations: strip, slab, individual supports.

Horizontal insulation - more often used to protect the walls of the house

Such protection is the processing of the walls of an already finished foundation. Vertical waterproofing is designed to protect the foundation of the structure from the influence surface water. It is necessary only for tape and columnar supports of the structure.

Vertical waterproofing directly protects the sap foundation

On our website you can find contacts construction companies who offer . You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".

This type of protection protects the foundation from the action of precipitation and melted snow in spring. In this case, the width of the structure plays an important role. With insufficient width, moisture will be discharged a short distance and will be able to reach the foundation.

For its construction, the following means are used:

asphalt concrete;

• sidewalk tile;

• waterproof membranes.

The method of constructing the blind area is selected, taking into account the architectural properties and the price of materials. The most budgetary option for a blind area would be its construction from concrete or asphalt. This method does not add decorativeness, but protects the base of the building without significant financial costs and labor costs. The construction of a blind area made of concrete or asphalt is widespread in the large-scale construction of high-rise residential buildings and collective buildings.

The blind area prevents moisture from running off the walls under the foundation

General technical rules

There are a number technical requirements for each type of isolation.

Be sure to take into account the height of surface water.

Consider the purpose and operating conditions of the facility.

Provide for the possibility of floods or heavy precipitation.

Take into account the properties of the soil during frosts.

Best Protection Method strip foundation must combine vertical waterproofing in combination with horizontal type protection.

Insulation according to application

Vertical and horizontal insulation according to the method of application can be divided into the following types:

pasting;

plastering;

painting;

mounted;

injection.

Let's consider these methods in more detail.

Okleyechnaya

Pasting insulation against moisture is based on the use of roll products on a bituminous binder. A built-up or pasting material is used to waterproof the foundation. This method involves applying a heated layer of glue, and gluing it to the surface. To make such protection without using a layer of glue, you will need to use bituminous mastic instead of fastening.

Gluing waterproofing is most often applied in a "hot" way.

Adhesives include:

roofing material - the most popular method;

roofing, which is still used, given its cheapness, but it should not be used as protection for the main structures of structures;

glassine - thick cardboard impregnated with bituminous binder;

polymeric materials with bituminous impregnation.

Plaster

This waterproofing belongs to the type of coating.

Now there are many means of protection against moisture - these are solutions in which, in addition to asphalt or cement with sand, there are additives that give useful properties.

The most common among them: liquid glass, sodium aluminate, ceresite.

Plaster insulation is "smeared" on the foundation

Painting shop

Paint waterproofing can be hot or cold and involves the application of a complex layer 1-1 mm thick from protective equipment. The most suitable among them are hot polymer-bitumen and cold epoxy-rubber coatings. Such a foundation waterproofing device is widely used to protect against capillary moisture.

Paint insulation is more liquid than plaster

mounted

Various fiberglass, rigid polyvinyl chloride, prefabricated reinforced concrete products are used for mounted waterproofing. Disadvantage - high cost and labor intensity preparatory work. Such insulation is used when the use of conventional waterproofing is not possible.

mounted roll waterproofing foundation

injection

This method of waterproofing is based on the process of creating a membrane between a layer of wet soil and the foundation. The method consists in introducing a hydrophobic gel into the structure, which, when solidified, closes all the pores, preventing water from penetrating.

What is injection waterproofing and how it is used for restoration work, see the video:

What affects the installation of waterproofing

The foundation is the backbone of any home. The service life of the building as a whole depends on its construction. Before starting, you should outline a set of ongoing waterproofing works.

The decision can be influenced by such factors: the height of the flow ground water, forces of frost increase in soil volume, circumstances of building operation, soil heterogeneity.

Types of foundation installation

At belt type the foundation is built in the form of a tape at a certain depth. The canvas rests on foundation slabs, which allows you to evenly distribute the load over the entire surface.

Pile - the most budgetary and simple type of foundation, in which the consumption of materials is minimal. It is a separate pillar and is used in the construction of buildings that do not need a solid tape support. These are light houses, in the design of which there is a load-bearing lower beam and structures, and the walls consist of horizontal large-sized elements.

A slab foundation is the foundation of a building in the form of a flat reinforced concrete slab. For the foundation slab, there is no need to dig a deep pit, just remove the top layer of soil and fill it with crushed stone or gravel to protect the foundation slab from capillary moisture.

Surface water level

Consider how to make waterproofing at a particular water level. If the height of surface water below the base of the foundation is more than 1 meter, you can get by with vertical coating protection and horizontal with the help of roofing material. The location of surface water near the foundation, but below the height of the basement floor, requires an extended set of works. At the same time, horizontal protection is laid in 2 layers, and smeared with bituminous mastic. For vertical waterproofing, both pasting and coating methods are used. All concrete devices treated with agents that prevent the penetration of capillary moisture.

If the location of groundwater is higher than the base of the foundation or basement floor, a drainage system should be added to the above methods. The cost of these works depends on its size, quantity and type of funds used.

House foundation drainage

The presence of excess moisture in the soil is a difficult but solvable issue for land plot. At the same time, it is necessary not only to carry out waterproofing, but also to drain this area.

Experts recommend waterproofing at the beginning of the installation of the foundation. One of the most used methods is the use of waterproofing and water-repellent components for concrete mortar. After all, these components not only prevent the effects of moisture, but also speed up the solidification of the mixture, strengthen the foundation and enhance its frost resistance. At the same time, you can add components that simultaneously enhance both hydro and thermal insulation.

How waterproofing is done, see the following video:

How to protect an already poured foundation

If waterproofing was not carried out during construction, it's okay. There are methods of protection against moisture and for the finished building. In this case, gluing waterproof sheet or roll products made of bitumen-polymer material are used. Today, this work is done using self-adhesive materials. Coating insulation - cement, bitumen and polymer solutions, mastics or emulsions - for waterproofing the foundation, these materials are used both during construction and to correct and eliminate cracks or chips that have appeared in the foundation.

Trust the experts

As practice shows, it is difficult and expensive to correct errors in waterproofing during operation, therefore, for safety, you should contact specialists at the construction stage. It is better to do waterproofing when erecting a building, because repairing the foundation in the future will be more expensive and labor-intensive than erecting a house. Experts will analyze the surface of the building plot and advise the most suitable type of foundation. Competently and quickly calculate its installation, taking into account ventilation, sewerage and all engineering networks. Specialists of construction companies will qualitatively perform the construction of the foundation, the organization of waterproofing, as well as the insulation of the structure.

In construction, various types of waterproofing of houses are common: the so-called rigid waterproofing; coating, painting, gluing, impregnating, injection, etc.

Rigid waterproofing

These are dense, waterproof concretes; waterproofing cement-sand plasters, work with which is carried out manually or with the help of compressed air- shotcrete; metal insulation. Rigid sheet waterproofing is made of metal or polymer sheets, with rigid attachment to the building envelope by welding or on anchors, screws, glue, dowels, etc.

Coating waterproofing

Coating waterproofing is a multi-layer coating with a thickness of several millimeters to several centimeters (thickness depends on the condition of the surface).

It is used for external protection of the house from soil water, and internal protection- from capillary moisture, if the soil in your area is very wet, groundwater is close, and there are cracks in the walls. Coating waterproofing includes bitumen and bitumen-containing materials.

Material consumption: approx. 2-3 kg/m 2 . Waterproof materials: up to 0.7 MPa.

Minuses:

• Their service life is 5-6 years, because bitumen loses its elasticity and becomes brittle even at 0°C. The deformations that occur at this temperature lead to the appearance of cracks, the coating will peel off.
• It is not safe to work with hot bitumen, since the heating temperature during application is at least 120°C.

Bituminous materials are being replaced by synthetic resins (polymers) and materials based on them. Bitumen-rubber and bitumen-polymer mastics of cold application on an organic solvent are also produced.

For comparison, different types of coating materials:

The main qualities of waterproofing materials are characterized by such definitions: durability, non-shrinkage, environmental friendliness, efficiency, frost resistance, moisture resistance.

Minus: Materials are not resistant to deformation, vibrations and other mechanical influences. This means that if there is a busy highway near the house, existing railway lines or active work is underway: construction, pipe laying, etc., then the materials will be damaged and will not be able to perform waterproofing functions. Also, with such shortcomings, the material can be damaged during backfilling, for example, if outer wall foundation.

The cost of the coating waterproofing device will be from 30 to 100 USD/m2, depending on the complexity of the work and the price of materials.

Price different types coating waterproofing is indicated in the table (see above).

Paint waterproofing

Painting waterproofing is applied to internal and external isolation. With its help, you can deal with small cracks, crumbling, erosion of the walls. It's simple, cheap, and affordable way moisture control. It does not require special skills.

Painting waterproofing involves applying to the insulated surface mastic from bitumen of different grades and fillers from talc, asbestos or mastics based on synthetic resins. Waterproofing is applied to the surface manually or mechanically in two to four layers, with a total thickness of 3-6 mm. Mastics are applied in liquid form waterproofing film without seams and joints.

Bituminous materials are produced in the form of bitumen and pitch solutions, water-bitumen and water-pitch emulsions, both with and without fillers and additives. Polymer waterproofing materials are made on the basis of cement and synthetic latex.

Material consumption: 0.8-2.2 kg/m2. Waterproof: up to 0.7 MPa.

For comparison, different types of paint insulation with different bases:

The main qualities of waterproofing materials are characterized by the following definitions: vapor permeability, environmental friendliness , economy , abrasion resistance.

Minus painting waterproofing - short service life - 5-6 years.

The cost of painting waterproofing will be from 100-180 USD/m2.

The cost of different types of painting materials for waterproofing, see table. higher.

Gluing waterproofing

Represents layers roll materials applied on a pre-prepared base. Pasting insulation is carried out on vertical and horizontal surfaces. Vertical waterproofing is arranged on the side of the wall that is adjacent to the ground, to the level of the blind area or sidewalk. At high level groundwater vertical gluing insulation is protected from the action of the soil clay castle, pressure walls made of bricks.

Pasting waterproofing is a layer of roll materials applied to a pre-prepared base. Pasting insulation is carried out on vertical and horizontal surfaces. Vertical waterproofing is arranged on the side of the wall that is adjacent to the ground, to the level of the blind area or sidewalk. At a high level of groundwater, vertical gluing insulation is protected from the action of the soil by a clay lock, pressure walls made of bricks.

Roll coating is a continuous surface made of waterproof film materials. They are glued to the base and to each other with waterproof mastics.

The most familiar materials: roofing material, roofing felt, glassine. But these materials are not water-resistant, non-rot-resistant and short-lived. Now bitumen is modified with polymers, which significantly increases its elasticity and heat resistance.

the number of roll layers depends on the conditions. 2-3 layers are laid against capillary moisture and seeping water. Against water pressure in basements up to 5 layers. (The decision on the number of layers of adhesive waterproofing is made at the design level, and after agreement with the builders). Waterproof: up to 0.8 MPa.

Features of roll coatings

• Materials can be laid on concrete, asphalt concrete, wood, metal, old roll coating, flat slate etc.
• For protection against ultraviolet rays and mechanical damage, the materials are covered with stone chips (granulate).

For comparison, different types of gluing insulation with different bases:

The main qualities of waterproofing materials are characterized by such definitions: efficiency, resistance to aggressive chemicals, moisture resistance.

Minuses : rolled waterproofing is capricious in work. A carefully prepared surface is needed - irregularities of more than 2 mm are unacceptable, a dry base is needed, a primer with a bitumen emulsion. Careful gluing or fusing of the material is important. It must be protected from damage and landslides with brickwork, siding, concrete panels, etc.

The application of adhesive waterproofing should be carried out in accordance with the recommendations of accepted building standards at a temperature environment+10°C, (except for elastomeric materials such as EPDM and thermoplastic materials).

Cost of work: from 10 USD/m2 of surface.

Price various kinds gluing materials is shown in the table above.

Mastic waterproofing

mastic waterproofing coating(liquid roofing) is a polymeric membrane laid on the roof surface. It is a seamless coating consisting of waterproofing and reinforcing layers. For the reinforcing layer, fiberglass, fiberglass is used. For the waterproofing layer, the following are used: bituminous, bitumen-polymer, thiacol, etc. mastics.

Modern mastic waterproofing materials form a waterproof, homogeneous, seamless surface. Despite the low permeability, materials pass water vapor well have a high vapor permeability and retain elasticity in the temperature range from -40 to +110 o C. They are resistant to salt solutions, dilute acids and alkalis, however, experts still advise avoiding constant contact with concentrated acids and alkalis.

Mastic coatings are applied to the base mechanically or manually. Mastics are applied in 1-3 layers, depending on the type of mastic and the density of the reinforcing material. The basis for mastic waterproofing can be concrete, reinforced concrete slabs with even surfaces, surfaces of monolithic insulation, for example, polystyrene concrete, screeds made of cement-sand mortar. After curing, the coating appears as a monolithic, rubber-like material. Such roofs are especially good for areas with a harsh climate.

Material consumption: from 2.5 kg/m². Waterproof- up to 1.0 MPa.

Features of mastic waterproofing:

• Possesses high adhesion (sticking) to any types of bases (concrete, metal, wood, brick, etc.).
• Durability and reliability of operation of coatings for at least 20 years.
• The level of mechanization of roofing work can be 90% versus 30% when performing work using roofing material.
• Increases overhaul period.
• Provides seamless coatings.

Mastics are divided into:

by type of bonding material

For bitumen, bitumen-rubber, bitumen-polymer;

by way of application

Hot, used with preheating up to 160 ° C - for bituminous mastics;

Cold, used without heating at an air temperature of at least 5°С and with heating up to 60° - 70°С at air temperatures below 5°С.

There is a very large variety of mastic materials offered on the market with large differences in properties and prices, so the decision to use one or another type of mastic coating is made when creating a project and coordinating it with the builders.

Minuses: the use of hot mastics is associated with an increased fire hazard * (see the glossary of terms and definitions). The surface must be dried before coating (mastic can be applied to surfaces with a moisture content of not more than 15%), cleaned of dust, oil and other contaminants.

The cost of works on the installation of mastic waterproofing is from 10 USD/m2.

The cost of mastics depends on the brand and ranges from 0.5 USD/kg (bituminous) to 15 USD/kg (polyurethane mastics).

Impregnation insulation (penetrating)

It is carried out by impregnation of building products made of porous materials - concrete slabs and blocks, asbestos-cement sheets and pipes, limestone and tuff blocks with special materials. Penetrating materials are made from cement with additives of chemically active substances and specially crushed sand. It is used mainly for internal waterproofing of foundations and basements, as well as for the repair of concrete structures.

This material can be used in both reconstruction and new construction, if access to external surfaces is limited, and the only way to install waterproofing is from inside the building.

The crystalline formations of the waterproofing mixture penetrate into the pores of the concrete to a depth of 60 cm and become an integral part of the concrete, guaranteeing its impermeability.

The pluses include the fact that during operation, in contact with water, chemical reaction continues, and the sealing process continues - concrete self-healing occurs. It turns out a double waterproofing effect: waterproofing the outer layer and crystallization of the pores inside the concrete. In addition, when using this technology, the walls remain vapor permeable.

Thickness of the waterproofing layer: from 1 to 3 mm.

Material consumption: from 0.8 kg/m2. Waterproof A: withstand pressure of 0.8 MPa.

Features of impregnating waterproofing:

• Can also be applied to damp surfaces.
• You can work without exposing the outer walls.
• Possibility of waterproofing after completion of the main construction works.
• Does not require protection during backfilling, rebar placement, etc.
• Does not require pre-treatment of the surface with a primer.
• Raises frost resistance concrete, protects it from weathering and other damage caused by weather conditions.
• High resistance to chemicals (pH ranging from 3 to 11)
• Provides protection against corrosion - prevents oxidation of fittings.

The decision to use one or another type of impregnating insulation is made when creating a project and coordinating it with the builders.

Minus: Impregnating waterproofing is more suitable for fresh concrete. When repairing old concrete, it is necessary to clean the surface of plaster and degrease in order to open access to the capillary system of the surface. To do this, you will need a shot blasting or water blasting machine operating at a pressure of at least 15-20 atm, since the use of a scraper or wire brush will not be enough.

The cost of the penetrating waterproofing material: from 9 c.u. /kg,

The cost of work - from 30 USD/m2.

Injection waterproofing

It is applied for:

Waterproofing of cold joints at the joints of walls and soil;

Elimination of leaks in the walls;

For increase bearing capacity dilapidated foundations made of brick and rubble;

Creation of a capillary cut-off to exclude capillary suction of moisture from the soil - injection of foundations and internal walls.

Injection waterproofing is created by injection liquid materials when repairing pores and cracks in soil, concrete or masonry. It is created on mineral, polyurethane, epoxy and other bases, in terms of density the materials are close to water and are able to penetrate into all kinds of destruction in the walls of the structure. External waterproofing is restored without excavation.

Materials are introduced into the walls under high pressure up to 240 atm. with help special equipment packers (injectors) and fill cracks in the wall. Going outside, they form a waterproofing highly elastic barrier membrane between the wall and the ground. Resins penetrate into cracks, pores and the outer surface of the foundation, creating a protective film and filling all free space. The insulating substance of injection waterproofing - polymer resins or gels with low viscosity - is introduced into inclined wells with a diameter of 10-20 mm (pre-drilled).

Consumption injection composition - from 1.7 l / m2. Waterproof- up to 1 MPa.

Features of injection waterproofing:

• Possesses high adhesion (sticking) to wet surfaces: from 100 kg/sq.cm to brick, steel, concrete - there is no need to dry cracks before work.
• The materials are close in density to the density of water and are able to penetrate cracks of any size from 0.1 mm.
• Low minimum application temperature
• Response time: from 8 seconds to several minutes. You can instantly block access to water.
• Safe for the environment (not dangerous for drinking water).

The decision to use one or another type of injection insulation is made when creating a project and agreeing it with the builders.

Minuses: complexity, cost. Independent injection waterproofing is impossible, and there are few companies offering injection waterproofing services.

The cost of such work can be 100 -150 USD / m2.

Superdiffusion and diffusion membranes

It's three-layer highly vapor permeable material with a reinforced mesh of polypropylene fibers in its structure. It is intended for use in the construction of pitched roofs and ventilated facades.

Features of superdiffusion and diffusion membranes:

• Allow to mount a roof lighter in weight.
• They are laid directly on the thermal insulation material.
• Vapor permeability more than 1400 g/m2 x 24 hours
• Increased water resistance(2000 mm wd.st and more).
• Materials can be strengthened close to the insulation material.
• Increased resistance to UV rays.
• Ease of installation.
• Extends the life of the roof.
• A healthy indoor climate is created.
• Due to its light weight and good waterproofing properties, the membrane can be used in any climatic zones and is laid under any weather conditions (and at low temperatures) without loss of properties.
• Can be used for external insulation vertical walls Houses.
• Durability is over 50 years.
• Possibility to carry out installation work in all weather conditions.

Superdiffusion membranes must be used with roofing materials, reverse side

which are not afraid of moisture - these are ceramic, cement-sand, bituminous tiles and metal tiles with an aluminum zinc coating.

The difference between diffusion membranes and superdiffusion membranes is that they can work only if there are two ventilated gaps: upper and lower - between the insulation and the membrane, the dimensions of the gaps are 50-60 mm.

Minuses:

• Not to be used with metal tiles unless they have aluminum coating, and wavy bituminous sheets - euroslate.
• As with any porous filter, contamination of the pores and a decrease in vapor permeability are possible. With increased dust content in the air, dust from the ventilation gap can be attracted to the membrane and close the pores, reducing vapor permeability.

The cost is from 15 USD/m2.

Installation cost - from 20 USD/m2.

Polymer films (membranes)

There are polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride PVC, polypropylene films, synthetic rubber - ethylene propylene diene monomer (artificial rubber), such as EPDM.

Features of polymer films:

• Durability: the service life of such materials: up to 50 years.

• The coating can be laid over old bituminous roofing materials, for example, roofing material.
• Installation can be carried out all year round.
• High elasticity . Up to a temperature of -45°C, the extensibility of the material exceeds 400%.
• Low water absorption.
• Chemical resistance.
• Temperature range of use from -40 to +100°C.

Reinforced film

1. Polyethylene.

2. Reinforced mesh.

3. Polyethylene.

Polymer films (membranes)

For example, EPDM ethylene propylene diene monomer is used to create inversion, green, repair and waterproofing of roofs of any configuration. Allows you to cover roofs of any complexity with a minimum number of seams. They can be reinforced, for example, fiberglass or polyester mesh, and unreinforced. Reinforced films have a strength of about 10 kPa.

Seams are fastened by hot air welding, as well as using a special solvent. Vulcanization of seams allows to receive monolithic connection. Films can be attached to the base with roofing dowels or on double-sided self-adhesive tape. These membranes can also be installed without gluing: with a gravel ballast or a deck of paving slabs or on rooftops with landscaping.

Minus: gluing to the base occurs only along the junctions. Continuous gluing methods and mechanical fastening require special fasteners and technologies, therefore they are more expensive than using PVC or TPO membranes.

The cost of mounting one layer on average is from 20 USD/m2.

The cost of the film - from 9 USD/m2.

TPO membranes

They do not have volatile plasticizers, as they are made from polypropylene and ethylene-propylene rubber with the addition of special additives that improve its operational and fireproof * properties. They are used for waterproofing roofs that are subjected to increased mechanical stress during operation and construction, as due to the presence of a reinforcing layer, it has tensile and puncture strength, high tensile and compression resistance.

Minus: possible linear expansions, and this can affect appearance roofs. average cost waterproofing works polymer membrane- 3 dollars per 1 m2.

The cost of the film is 1.6 USD/m2.

Polymer film (membrane) made of PVC

consists of polyvinyl chloride with the addition of plasticizers. This allows it to maintain elasticity at low temperatures. It is used for a covering of a roof, walls of pools. To give the film greater tensile and puncture strength, a special reinforcing base made of polyester mesh is used. This allows the membrane to be fixed mechanically.

Minuses: over time, plasticizers volatilize from the material, which leads to a loss of elasticity. Incompatible with bitumen. Not resistant to low temperatures below -20°С. Low vapor permeability (40g/m2 per day). Subject to piercing.

The cost of the film is 0.6 USD/m2,

The cost of installation work is 1.2 USD/m2.

Briefly about some other waterproofing materials.

Anti-condensation waterproofing films

They are vapor proof. It is used when the roof is made of metal, iron, ceramic tiles, bituminous tiles and other materials that cause increased condensation, for waterproofing roofs above a cold attic.

The reverse side of the films, the one that faces the insulation, has a fleecy surface. The moisture coming out of the insulation is retained by the pile. The film can hold 4-8 times its own weight in water. It is necessary to have two ventilated air gaps - lower and upper. The moisture is then carried away along with the air that rises through the lower air gap. The other side of the material is protected from moisture and ventilated thanks to the upper air gap.

Features of anti-condensation waterproofing films:

• Tensile strength - not less than 780 kgf/cm2.
• The ability to hold water per unit. own weight - from 400%.
• Helps extend the life of roofing.
• Through ventilation bottom surface the service life of the lower protective layer is extended.

Minus: at sub-zero temperatures moisture that is not weathered from the fleecy coating will freeze and turn into ice, preventing steam from escaping.

Price : from 4 c.u./m2.

Installation cost : from 7 c.u./m2.

Mounted waterproofing

on the basis of bentonite mats - the creation of protective screens. Prevents building subsidence, creates good waterproofing walls, serves as protection against capillary suction of moisture. The main role is played by bentonite waterproofing. A layer of bentonite clay in the form of granules is enclosed between sheets of cardboard or geotextile. The cardboard shell decomposes in the soil during operation. As a result, the entire buried surface is surrounded by clay. Bentonite clay plays the role of a shield already at a thickness of 1-2 cm. As a result, the entire buried surface of the structure is surrounded by clay.

Bentonite has the form of granules, which, after contact with water, swell and become a gel. Mats or sheets of material are laid on the prepared surface (soil, concrete) overlapping. To ensure additional reliability, bentonite granules are poured between the overlapped edges, and on top of everything - a layer of fine-grained soil with a compacted layer thickness of at least 0.3 m.

Waterproof bentonite mats: up to 0.8 MPa.

Minuses: difficult to manufacture, high cost.

The cost of bentonite mats is approximately $10/m2.

Installation cost: from 15 USD/m2.

There are many different waterproofing materials in addition to those presented above: quick-hardening compounds for repairing emergency leaks; sanitizing plasters; water-repellent compositions to give concrete and brick water-repellent properties; antisalt, antifungal impregnations and much, much more.

The choice of waterproofing material should be made taking into account the climatic features of the area, the design of the house, and all decisions should be made in consultation with designers and builders.

Note: Prices are for 2013.

Every person wants to build a strong and beautiful house who will delight his family with warmth and comfort for a long time. Particular attention in the construction of housing must be given to waterproofing, which is the guarantor of the normal operation of the building, as well as increasing its reliability and durability.

- this is the protection of building structures and buildings from exposure to moisture, as well as other factors external environment that harm them. Since this process is very important in any construction, it is necessary to pay special attention to the choice of waterproofing material.

It should be remembered that, as waterproofing and waterproofing material prevent the penetration of moisture into building structures, so they must be: waterproof, elastic, heat-resistant and mechanically strong.

In addition, the waterproofing material must be qualitatively and reliably attached to the base, and withstand serious water pressure, and wind and other mechanical loads.

It has a limited period of effective protection, which is associated with the mode of operation, the quality of insulation and the presence of interaction with an aggressive environment.

The use of high-quality waterproofing and its timely repair will make the house warmer, more comfortable and significantly extend the life of the structures.

The foundation is the foundation of any structure. The quality of operation and the durability of the whole house depend on its strength. The foundation can be in direct contact with precipitation and groundwater, which leads to its destruction or subsidence. Moisture absorbed by the plinth penetrates the walls and floor, causing mold and mildew, which negatively affects human health. To prevent such problems, foundation waterproofing is used. It will prevent water from entering the basement of the building, which will keep it long years. In addition, timely at the stage of building a house will save you from further costly and time-consuming repair of the basement.

There are several ways to protect the foundation from moisture. This process depends on several factors: the depth of groundwater, the strength of frost heaving, and the characteristics of the soil. The most common type of basement protection against moisture is horizontal foundation waterproofing. It is produced at the lowest point under the basement and at the connection of the basement and the wall. All work boils down to the fact that a layer of sand (20-30 cm) is filled up and rammed to the bottom of the pit and poured with concrete (5-7 cm). After the concrete has completely dried, it is coated with mastic and covered with roofing material. Then the main layer of concrete is poured, on top of which mastic and roofing material are again laid.

Another way to protect the base from moisture is vertical foundation waterproofing. Builders use the most a variety of materials. The most practical and affordable is bituminous waterproofing concrete. Hot bituminous mixture is applied to the foundation with a brush in several layers and brought to a total thickness of 3-5 cm. Guarantee period the service life of such insulation is 5 years, but with the help of modern bitumen-polymer additives it can be significantly extended.

A good result of waterproofing is demonstrated by gluing materials. The most common is roofing material, which is mounted using bituminous mastic. However, it can be replaced by more modern analogues with excellent waterproofing properties.

Highly important element support of warmth and comfort in the house is the floor. He gets more greater value when there are small children in the house. To avoid problems of dampness, fungus or rot wooden planks the floor needs to be waterproofed. There are several options for protecting the floor from moisture.

Liquid floor waterproofing is a cast or impregnating protection. Cast is used to prepare the work surface before pouring concrete screeds. It is a smooth waterproof film formed as a result of flooring with polymer or bituminous solutions. Impregnating liquid waterproofing is the use of polymer impregnations and primers that penetrate the floor to a certain depth or freeze on its surface.

Pasting materials can also be a good protection for the floor from moisture. Specialists conditionally divide pasting waterproofing into three types: simple roll protection flooring (often without fastening) for any type of floor; attaching the material to the floor surface with gas burner; gluing rolled insulation on the floor base using special glue or mastic.

It can be carried out by staining or smearing its surface. A variety of mastics, as well as varnishes and paints, are applied to the prepared site. In this case, a sufficiently thin waterproof layer is obtained, which has anti-corrosion and anti-fungal protection.

- this is a necessary condition for every living space that can save heat in the house and guarantee protection against fungus and mold. Besides this process does not require special skills, which allows it to be produced by a person who does not have a construction education.

The basement in a private house or garage has always been the place where a strategic supply of food is stored, arranged gym or armory. For these purposes, constant humidity is necessary, however, its excess can lead to rotting, mold and fungus on the walls of the basement. That's why basement waterproofing is a responsible matter both at the construction stage and later. There are several types of basement protection from excess moisture.

Anti-pressure waterproofing is a protection against groundwater, which lie close to the floor or at the level of the walls of the basement. To create it, slurry solutions are used in several layers. In this case, it is important to use a mastic based on polymer bitumen between the layers of the solution.

Non-pressure waterproofing serves to prevent water from entering the basement, which is collected after rain or snow melt, as well as during floods. In this case, it is not so much the protection of the floor of the room that comes to the fore, but its walls and ceiling. They are widely used for isolation. bituminous mastics, which have proven themselves from a very good side. Anticapillary waterproofing designed to protect against moisture rising through the capillaries up through the floor and walls. Provide this species protection will help means of penetrating waterproofing, as well as the elimination of cracks and seams.

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Basement waterproofing must be carried out during the construction of the premises, paying attention to Special attention on external circumstances (soil features, temperature, depth of groundwater). In this case, you can use both external and internal waterproofing, which will double the desired effect.

Penetrating waterproofing

In construction, concrete is often used, which is a waterproof material, but, as practice shows, it is permeable. Penetrating waterproofing contributes to the protection concrete structures from moisture and further damage.

The principle of operation of this waterproofing is quite simple. A special waterproofing agent is diluted with water and applied to the wall surface. Getting into microcracks and pores of concrete, the active composition of the substance reacts with cement, forming crystals that clog channels and cracks. As a result of the interaction, the crystals grow, displacing water. Moreover, at reappearance moisture, their growth resumes. Thus, concrete becomes a monolithic stone that does not allow moisture to pass through, which will significantly extend its service life.

Penetrating action is one of the most effective defenses from moisture. It is not hazardous to human health and is used for both underground and surface structures. In addition, it is used to impregnate old and new concrete. The resulting coating is integral with the structure, perfectly strengthens concrete and is not amenable to mechanical stress.

- where is it used?

Another advantage of this waterproofing is ease of use. It is applied with a conventional spatula or brush. Versatility allows it to be used for external and internal work.

Represents cast or impregnating protection. Cast waterproofing used to prepare the work surface before pouring concrete screeds. It is a waterproof film formed as a result of coating the surface of the structure with a polymer or bituminous solution.

Impregnation liquid waterproofing is the use of polymer impregnations and primers that penetrate to a certain depth or harden on the surface.

The main advantage of this type protection is its small thickness of a few millimeters. However, the service life liquid waterproofing small, and is about 5 years old.

For the protection of concrete structures and brick walls from atmospheric influence use injection. The whole process consists in introducing special liquid fillers into the wall, which fill the existing voids and cracks. After solidification, it creates monolithic construction, fastened from the inside, and preventing further destruction.

Prices for waterproofing works in 2017
Moscow and Moscow region