Types of waterproofing, its purpose and application. Special types of waterproofing

Construction- a broad industry, fast growing in today's dynamic world. I propose to consider such an industry in construction as waterproofing. It is widely used in the construction of both private houses and in the construction of city houses.

This is the protection of buildings from water. If you want to increase the durability of the building, then you will definitely need to make waterproofing. The most "problematic" places of construction are the roof and foundation. How can waterproofing be done? Waterproofing is used in places with high humidity. Perhaps a house by the river, buildings near the sea, places with a humid climate. Waterproofing is carried out with the following materials:

• polymer mastic;
• tiles;
• prof. flooring;
• bituminous materials;
• polycarbonate plates;
• cement mixtures.

Several layers are in progress. In this case, a surface film is formed, obstructive water intrusion into the structure. Tightly fitting, it is formed, thus, protective layer. Without dismantling the roofs, this type of insulation can be repaired. Which saves a lot of time and money. In this case, you can use polyurethane mastic. With paint waterproofing, we recommend using a textile mesh as well. It can be easily purchased at any hardware store.

If the building needs a deeper waterproofing up to 20 mm, then we recommend using plaster waterproofing. Anyone, even a novice builder, will cope with this issue, not to mention a team of professional craftsmen.

Currently widely used. Apply to the surface several layers of ruberoid. This is one of the more reliable and high-quality methods used in our time. However, the load that goes on bearing beams can make you think about the implementation of this type of waterproofing. And also do not forget about exposure to sunlight, which is poorly tolerated by this type of waterproofing.

For waterproofing vertical and horizontal surfaces, the method is used filling hot mastic . It includes asphalt-containing components.

To increase the strength of a concrete structure, you will need impregnating waterproofing. It will significantly increase the brand strength of the structure. Such impregnation is used for surface treatment of socles, piles, walls, foundations. Concrete screeds can also be treated with this type of waterproofing.

Mounted waterproofing- This is a structure that is prefabricated and which is attached to each other.

Penetrating waterproofing.Chemical additives, cement and sand is a penetrating waterproofing. Thanks to the crystals under pressure, the solutions penetrate the surface and prevent the penetration of water. Waterproofing materials are also characterized by a number of qualities, such as economy, environmental friendliness, frost resistance, chemical resistance, non-shrinkage, durability, moisture resistance.

Every person wants to build a strong and beautiful house who will delight his family with warmth and comfort for a long time. Particular attention in the construction of housing must be given to waterproofing, which is the guarantor of the normal operation of the building, as well as increasing its reliability and durability.

- this is the protection of building structures and buildings from exposure to moisture, as well as other factors external environment that harm them. Since this process is very important in any construction, it is necessary to pay special attention to the choice of waterproofing material.

It should be remembered that, as waterproofing and waterproofing material prevent the penetration of moisture into building structures, so they must be: waterproof, elastic, heat-resistant and mechanically strong.

In addition, the waterproofing material must be qualitatively and reliably attached to the base, and withstand serious water pressure, and wind and other mechanical loads.

It has a limited period of effective protection, which is associated with the mode of operation, the quality of insulation and the presence of interaction with an aggressive environment.

The use of high-quality waterproofing and its timely repair will make the house warmer, more comfortable and significantly extend the life of the structures.

The foundation is the foundation of any structure. The quality of operation and the durability of the whole house depend on its strength. The foundation can directly contact with precipitation and groundwater, which leads to its destruction or subsidence. Moisture absorbed by the plinth penetrates the walls and floor, causing mold and mildew, which negatively affects human health. To prevent such problems, foundation waterproofing is used. It will prevent water from entering the basement of the building, which will keep it long years. In addition, timely at the stage of building a house will save you from further costly and time-consuming repair of the basement.

There are several ways to protect the foundation from moisture. This process depends on several factors: the depth of groundwater, the strength of frost heaving, and the characteristics of the soil. The most common type of basement protection against moisture is horizontal foundation waterproofing. It is produced at the lowest point under the basement and at the connection of the basement and the wall. All work boils down to the fact that a layer of sand (20-30 cm) is filled up and rammed to the bottom of the pit and poured with concrete (5-7 cm). After the concrete has completely dried, it is coated with mastic and covered with roofing material. Then the main layer of concrete is poured, on top of which mastic and roofing material are again laid.

Another way to protect the base from moisture is vertical foundation waterproofing. Builders use a wide variety of materials. The most practical and affordable is bitumen waterproofing of concrete. Hot bituminous mixture is applied to the foundation with a brush in several layers and brought to a total thickness of 3-5 cm. The warranty period of such insulation is 5 years, but with the help of modern bitumen-polymer additives it can be significantly extended.

A good result of waterproofing is demonstrated by gluing materials. The most common is roofing material, which is mounted using bituminous mastic. However, it can be replaced by more modern analogues with excellent waterproofing properties.

A very important element of maintaining warmth and comfort in the house is the floor. He gets more greater value when there are small children in the house. To avoid problems of dampness, fungus or rot wooden planks the floor needs to be waterproofed. There are several options for protecting the floor from moisture.

Liquid floor waterproofing is a cast or impregnating protection. Cast is used to prepare working surface before pouring concrete screeds. It is a smooth waterproof film formed as a result of flooring with polymer or bituminous solutions. Impregnating liquid waterproofing is the use of polymer impregnations and primers that penetrate the floor to a certain depth or freeze on its surface.

Pasting materials can also be a good protection for the floor from moisture. Specialists conditionally divide pasting waterproofing into three types: simple roll protection flooring (often without fastening) for any type of floor; attaching the material to the floor surface using a gas burner; gluing rolled insulation on the floor base using special glue or mastic.

It can be carried out by staining or smearing its surface. A variety of mastics, as well as varnishes and paints, are applied to the prepared site. In this case, a sufficiently thin waterproof layer is obtained, which has anti-corrosion and anti-fungal protection.

- This necessary condition each dwelling, able to save heat in the house and guarantee protection against fungus and mold. Besides this process does not require special skills, which allows it to be produced by a person who does not have a construction education.

The basement in a private house or garage has always been the place where a strategic supply of food is stored, a gym or an armory is arranged. For these purposes, constant humidity is necessary, however, its excess can lead to rotting, mold and fungus on the walls of the basement. That's why basement waterproofing is a responsible matter both at the construction stage and later. There are several types of basement protection from excess moisture.

Anti-pressure waterproofing is a protection against groundwater, which lie close to the floor or at the level of the walls of the basement. To create it, slurry solutions are used in several layers. In this case, it is important to use a mastic based on polymer bitumen between the layers of the solution.

Non-pressure waterproofing serves to prevent water from entering the basement, which is collected after rain or snow melt, as well as during floods. In this case, it is not so much the protection of the floor of the room that comes to the fore, but its walls and ceiling. For their isolation, bituminous mastics are actively used, which have proven themselves from a very good side. Anticapillary waterproofing designed to protect against moisture rising through the capillaries up through the floor and walls. Provide this species protection will help means of penetrating waterproofing, as well as the elimination of cracks and seams.

What happens? Find out now!

Basement waterproofing must be carried out during the construction of the premises, paying attention to Special attention on external circumstances (soil features, temperature, depth of groundwater). In this case, you can use both external and internal waterproofing, which will double the desired effect.

Penetrating waterproofing

In construction, concrete is often used, which is a waterproof material, but, as practice shows, it is permeable. Penetrating waterproofing contributes to the protection concrete structures from moisture and further damage.

The principle of operation of this waterproofing is quite simple. A special waterproofing agent is diluted with water and applied to the wall surface. Getting into microcracks and pores of concrete, the active composition of the substance reacts with cement, forming crystals that clog channels and cracks. As a result of the interaction, the crystals grow, displacing water. Moreover, at reappearance moisture, their growth resumes. Thus, concrete becomes a monolithic stone that does not allow moisture to pass through, which will significantly extend its service life.

Penetrating action is one of the most effective protection against moisture. It is not hazardous to human health and is used for both underground and surface structures. In addition, it is used to impregnate old and new concrete. The resulting coating is integral with the structure, perfectly strengthens concrete and is not amenable to mechanical stress.

- where is it applied?

Another advantage of this waterproofing is ease of use. It is applied with a conventional spatula or brush. Its versatility allows it to be used for external and internal works Oh.

Represents cast or impregnating protection. Cast waterproofing used to prepare the work surface before pouring concrete screeds. It is a waterproof film formed as a result of coating the surface of the structure with a polymer or bituminous solution.

Impregnation liquid waterproofing is the use of polymer impregnations and primers that penetrate to a certain depth or harden on the surface.

The main advantage of this type of protection is its small thickness of a few millimeters. However, the service life liquid waterproofing small, and is about 5 years old.

For the protection of concrete structures and brick walls from atmospheric influence use injection. The whole process consists in introducing special liquid fillers into the wall, which fill the existing voids and cracks. After solidification, it creates monolithic construction, fastened from the inside, and preventing further destruction.

Prices for waterproofing works in 2017
Moscow and Moscow region

Waterproofing for the foundation is possible only taking into account several factors, such as: type of soil, level groundwater, climatic conditions, type of foundation. You can do without waterproofing in hot regions with a minimum of precipitation and low humidity, as well as with deep passage of groundwater. In other cases, waterproofing is necessary for any structure. Read more about what is foundation waterproofing, types of waterproofing, methods of application in our article.

External waterproofing of the basement

How does moisture affect the foundation

Water leads to a violation of the integrity of the foundation in at least two ways.

First of all, this is the washing out of concrete, the appearance of roughness and potholes on its surface.

No less dangerous is the icing of water that has entered the pores of concrete. When water freezes, it tends to expand in volume rather than contract. Penetrating into the foundation structure, in a frozen state, it destroys it inside, forming cracks and crevices. Therefore, during construction, the waterproofing of the foundation should be carried out during the construction process.

Destruction of the foundation due to lack of waterproofing

Why waterproofing

In the basement of a building without good waterproofing, flooding and smudges on the floor, mold on the walls will certainly appear. In such a house it is unacceptable to save food or household items. It is important to choose high quality materials for waterproofing, follow the technology of building a foundation in order to protect the house from the damaging effects of moisture.

Waterproofing performs important tasks:

strengthens the foundation and extends the service life;

prevents warping of the walls of the house and the formation of cracks;

prevents walls from leaking and the presence of water in basements, mold formation; protects from natural destroyers.

Types of moisture insulation

It is divided into the following types:

horizontal;

vertical;

blind area device.

In some cases, all means of protection are used at once.

Horizontal waterproofing

It is used to prevent the transfer of moisture from one level to another. Designed for all types of foundations: strip, slab, individual supports.

Horizontal insulation - more often used to protect the walls of the house

Such protection is the processing of the walls of an already finished foundation. Vertical waterproofing is designed to protect the foundation of the structure from the influence of surface water. It is necessary only for tape and columnar supports of the structure.

Vertical waterproofing directly protects the sap foundation

On our website you can find contacts construction companies who offer . You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".

This type of protection protects the foundation from the action of precipitation and melted snow in spring. In this case, the width of the structure plays an important role. With insufficient width, moisture will be discharged a short distance and will be able to reach the foundation.

For its construction, the following means are used:

asphalt concrete;

• sidewalk tile;

• waterproof membranes.

The method of constructing the blind area is selected, taking into account the architectural properties and the price of materials. Most budget option the blind area will be its construction of concrete or asphalt. This method does not add decorativeness, but protects the base of the building without significant financial costs and labor costs. The construction of a blind area made of concrete or asphalt is widespread in the large-scale construction of high-rise residential buildings and collective buildings.

The blind area prevents moisture from running off the walls under the foundation

General technical rules

There are a number technical requirements for each type of isolation.

Be sure to take into account the height of surface water.

Consider the purpose and operating conditions of the facility.

Provide for the possibility of floods or heavy precipitation.

Take into account the properties of the soil during frosts.

Best Protection Method strip foundation must combine vertical waterproofing in combination with horizontal type protection.

Insulation according to application

Vertical and horizontal insulation according to the method of application can be divided into the following types:

pasting;

plastering;

painting;

mounted;

injection.

Let's consider these methods in more detail.

Okleyechnaya

Pasting insulation against moisture is based on the use of roll products on a bituminous binder. A built-up or pasting material is used to waterproof the foundation. This method involves applying a heated layer of glue, and gluing it to the surface. To make such protection without using a layer of glue, you will need to use bituminous mastic instead of fastening.

Gluing waterproofing is most often applied in a "hot" way.

Adhesives include:

roofing material - the most popular method;

roofing, which is still used, given its cheapness, but it should not be used as protection for the main structures of structures;

glassine - thick cardboard impregnated with bituminous binder;

polymer materials with bituminous impregnation.

Plaster

This waterproofing belongs to the type of coating.

Now there are many means of protection against moisture - these are solutions in which, in addition to asphalt or cement with sand, there are additives that give useful properties.

The most common among them: liquid glass, sodium aluminate, ceresite.

Plaster insulation is "smeared" on the foundation

Painting shop

Paint waterproofing can be hot or cold and involves the application of a complex layer 1-1 mm thick from protective equipment. The most suitable among them are hot polymer-bitumen and cold epoxy-rubber coatings. Such a foundation waterproofing device is widely used to protect against capillary moisture.

Paint insulation is more liquid than plaster

mounted

Various fiberglass, rigid polyvinyl chloride, prefabricated reinforced concrete products are used for mounted waterproofing. The disadvantage is the high cost and laboriousness of preparatory work. Such insulation is used when the use of conventional waterproofing is not possible.

mounted roll waterproofing foundation

injection

This method of waterproofing is based on the process of creating a membrane between a layer of wet soil and the foundation. The method consists in introducing a hydrophobic gel into the structure, which, when solidified, closes all the pores, preventing water from penetrating.

What is injection waterproofing and how it is used for restoration work, see the video:

What affects the installation of waterproofing

The foundation is the backbone of any home. The service life of the building as a whole depends on its construction. Before starting, you should outline a set of ongoing waterproofing works.

The following factors can influence the decision: the height of the flow of groundwater, the forces of a frost increase in the volume of soil, the circumstances of the operation of the building, and the heterogeneity of the soil.

Types of foundation installation

At belt type the foundation is built in the form of a tape at a certain depth. The canvas rests on foundation slabs, which allows you to evenly distribute the load over the entire surface.

Pile - the most budgetary and simple type of foundation, in which the consumption of materials is minimal. It is a separate pillar and is used in the construction of buildings that do not need a solid tape support. These are light houses, in the design of which there is a load-bearing lower beam and structures, and the walls consist of horizontal large-sized elements.

A slab foundation is the foundation of a building in the form of a flat reinforced concrete slab. For the foundation slab, there is no need to dig a deep pit, just remove the top layer of soil and fill it with crushed stone or gravel to protect the foundation slab from capillary moisture.

Surface water level

Consider how to make waterproofing at a particular water level. With a height of surface water below the base of the foundation by more than 1 meter, you can get by with vertical coating protection and horizontal with the help of roofing material. The location of surface water near the foundation, but below the height of the basement floor, requires an extended set of works. At the same time, horizontal protection is laid in 2 layers, and smeared bituminous mastic. For vertical waterproofing, both pasting and coating methods are used. All concrete devices are treated with agents that prevent the penetration of capillary moisture.

If the location of groundwater is higher than the base of the foundation or basement floor, you should add to the above methods drainage system. The cost of these works depends on its size, quantity and type of funds used.

House foundation drainage

The presence of excess moisture in the soil is a difficult but solvable issue for land plot. At the same time, it is necessary not only to carry out waterproofing, but also to drain this area.

Experts recommend waterproofing at the beginning of the installation of the foundation. One of the most used methods is the use of waterproofing and water-repellent components for concrete mortar. After all, these components not only prevent the effects of moisture, but also speed up the solidification of the mixture, strengthen the foundation and enhance its frost resistance. At the same time, you can add components that simultaneously enhance both hydro and thermal insulation.

How waterproofing is done, see the following video:

How to protect an already poured foundation

If waterproofing was not carried out during construction, it's okay. There are methods of protection against moisture and for the finished building. In this case, gluing waterproof sheet or roll products from bitumen-polymer material. Today, this work is done using self-adhesive materials. Coating insulation - cement, bitumen and polymer solutions, mastics or emulsions - for waterproofing the foundation, these materials are used both during construction and to correct and eliminate cracks or chips that have appeared in the foundation.

Trust the experts

As practice shows, it is difficult and expensive to correct errors in waterproofing during operation, therefore, for safety, you should contact specialists at the construction stage. It is better to do waterproofing when erecting a building, because repairing the foundation in the future will be more expensive and costly. at great expense labor than building a house. Experts will analyze the surface of the building plot and advise the most suitable type of foundation. Competently and quickly calculate its installation, taking into account ventilation, sewerage and all engineering networks. Specialists of construction companies will qualitatively perform the construction of the foundation, the organization of waterproofing, as well as the insulation of the structure.

Building a house is an expensive undertaking, and the lion's share of the costs is the cost of building materials. In order for them to serve normally for many decades, it is necessary to ensure reliable protection from moisture: choose the right one suitable species waterproofing materials and install them well. The protection of each element of the building has its own characteristics, because. structures are exposed to various negative factors. The type of waterproofing is selected depending on the purpose, type building material grounds.

Polymer film materials

What is the function of waterproofing

According to the functions, anti-filtration and anti-corrosion waterproofing are distinguished. The first type is designed to protect buried building structures in contact with groundwater. These are mines, tunnels, hydraulic structures, basements, pools and reservoirs.

Anti-corrosion waterproofing protects above-ground structures from moisture, used for processing various kinds structures, incl. metal. Waterproof coatings prevent moisture from entering the structure of building materials and corrosion processes.

Applying a waterproof coating

Basic principles of classification

Waterproofing can be classified in different ways depending on the criteria that are important in specific conditions:

• at the place of use (internal, external);
• according to the features of the application (primary, secondary);
• according to its intended purpose (anti-pressure, non-pressure, anti-capillary, sealing, surface, complex);
• according to the application technology (structural, injection, sprayed, penetrating, pasting, coating, painting, mounting);
• on the basis (bitumen, polymer, bitumen-polymer, mineral).

Scheme of internal waterproofing

Almost all waterproofing measures are carried out during the construction, repair or reconstruction of buildings. The exception is structural waterproofing. This stage of protection against moisture is taken over by manufacturers of building materials, adding special water-repellent additives to the compositions. So, concrete is initially moisture resistant, and during the construction process, its hydrophobicity is further increased.

Demanded types of waterproofing materials

A variety of types of waterproofing materials and technologies is necessary so that each developer can find perfect option for a specific object. In addition, any insulation must meet several basic requirements:

• Strength. Coatings have to withstand severe loads, so strength and wear resistance are very important.
• Frost resistance. Many types of waterproofing are used in a wide temperature range.
• Security. When choosing, it is worth giving preference to fire-resistant materials that do not emit harmful substances.

Basement exterior waterproofing scheme

The use of coating waterproofing

These are one- and two-component resins, mastics based on bitumen and polymers, which, depending on the composition, can be used for outdoor and indoor work. The thickness of the coating can be from 2 to 50 - 60 mm. One of the most important advantages is affordable price. The disadvantage is low elasticity in cold weather, which is why the coatings last a maximum of 5-6 winter seasons. Manufacturers solve this problem by constantly improving the compositions, but stable and durable mastics can hardly be called cheap.

Technologies, conditions for applying hot and cold mastics are largely similar:

• Careful cleaning, leveling and drying of surfaces is required.
• Before applying the mastic, the base must be treated with a primer.
• It makes sense to use mastics only in cases where the probability of mechanical damage to the coating is very low.

Among the best brands it is worth mentioning TechnoNikol and AquaNast. These brands are different high quality, excellent operational characteristics. When buying formulations, be sure to read the instructions for use, because. they may have some special features. For example, "AquaNast" is suitable for arranging anti-capillary and complex waterproofing, and the application technology does not provide for drying the base.

Applying mastic to the wall

Pasting materials - for budget roofing

These are the usual rolled waterproofing materials - roofing material, roofing felt, glassine, as well as new materials with a base of fiberglass, polyester. Traditional roofing material remains competitive in the construction market only because of its low price. Its cardboard base wears out quickly and even under the best of circumstances only lasts a few years. Modern analogues are much stronger, more durable, more efficient.

The products of such brands have proven themselves well: TechnoNIKOL, Gidroizol, Stekloizol and analogues. All of them are waterproof, resistant to aggressive chemical substances are not susceptible to decay. They can be surface mounted different types. Careful ground preparation is essential. Experts advise using gluing materials in combination with other types of waterproofing.

Rolled hydrophobic coatings

Painting compositions - elastic mastics

After the paint waterproofing materials have dried, a thin film (3–6 mm) remains, which prevents moisture from entering building structures. Due to its high elasticity, such a coating does not crack, but it cannot be considered durable either. lasts about 6 years.

The advantages of mastics include ease of installation, good vapor permeability, resistance to abrasive substances. Mastics are suitable for both external and internal waterproofing of buildings.

Application of plasticized polymer bitumen composition

Liquid rubber - spray material

Although most manufacturers indicate in the instructions that liquid rubber can be used for foundations, it is better not to do this. Liquid rubber is great for roofs, but can flake off foundations. This is an expensive material, but it fully justifies the costs, because. differs in durability, high resistance to damages and deformations.

If the application technology is strictly observed, liquid rubber- a win-win option for a roof. It creates an absolutely hermetic coating, resistant to punctures, insensitive to abrasion. Among the reliable brands it is worth mentioning "Master Ruf", "Technoprok", "Rapidflex", "Elastopaz".

Sprayable liquid rubber

Penetrating compounds - protection of concrete

Penetrating materials are designed to waterproof concrete. They contain active substances that react with water and form insoluble compounds that clog the pores of concrete. The base is impregnated to a great depth - up to 60, sometimes 90 cm, and the material itself acquires water-repellent properties.

The most common penetrating compounds under common name"Penetron". These are 6 varieties of mixtures, each of which has its own purpose. Penetrating waterproofing materials of the Maksplag and Hydrohit trademarks are also popular.

The main advantage of penetrating waterproofing is the ability to change the structure of concrete and strengthen it. Hydrophobic crystals do not break down over time and last as long as treated structures.

Varieties of penetrating compounds

Another plus - simple preparation surfaces. They don't have to be dried. On the contrary, the better they are moistened, the better the waterproofing will be. If cracks appear in the building material, then when moisture enters, they are tightened: active additives form new compounds that fill the resulting space.

There is only one drawback to this type of composition - they are suitable exclusively for concrete processing. If, during the repair process, penetrating waterproofing of any kind is applied to the surface of an old building material, then it is pre-cleaned to open the pores.

Injection waterproofing - an alternative to penetrating

The similarity of injection and penetrating waterproofing is that both types of compounds fill the pores and microcracks of building materials. The advantage of waterproofing materials of this type is the ability to apply on brick, stone, rubble masonry.

Injection compounds improve the properties of materials, strengthen them. However, the application technology itself is extremely expensive, requires the use special equipment. This type of work should be carried out only by specialized firms. Popular materials- Manopox, Vitracryl Gel, PeneSplitSil, Vitrapur.

Injection waterproofing

"Breathing" diffusion membranes

Diffusion and superdiffusion membranes are used for waterproofing pitched roof structures. These are lightweight materials that are characterized by good vapor permeability. They are used as a gasket between the roofing material and the heat insulator.

The main advantage of membranes is durability, but over time, their pores become clogged, which reduces the properties of materials. Properly mounted membranes can serve for decades without replacement, repairs and any maintenance. Usually they are chosen for laying under euroslate or metal tiles.

Scheme of waterproofing with diffusion membranes

Installed waterproofing - bentonite mats

This is an expensive but reliable waterproofing method. The material is mats consisting of geotextiles or cardboard, between the layers of which special granules of a waterproofing agent are placed. It is mounted overlapping next to the foundation, creating a continuous canvas. When the granules with the active substance get wet, they turn into an insulating gel that reliably protects the base from moisture penetration.

Laying bentonite mats

Bentonite mats are durable and strong, but due to high cost they are rarely used in private housing construction. They are mainly used for waterproofing roads, underground and hydraulic structures.

Video: expert comments

Waterproofing works– a complex set of activities, including calculations, design, selection and installation suitable materials. It is desirable that experienced engineers and craftsmen with the necessary equipment do all this. The comfort of the building and its service life largely depend on the quality of materials and work. The price of waterproofing is very low compared to the cost of repairs, so it is not worth saving on it.

Insulating coatings in construction and repair work are paying special attention. Even if the main material of the structure has high technical and operational indicators in the form of strength and durability, the lack of protection against adverse climatic factors will not allow them to properly perform their functions. This applies to both temperature and humidity, as well as sound insulation. In this case, one of the most common materials of this kind is considered - waterproofing. This is an extensive group of insulating coatings, the tasks of which, however, go far beyond just protecting against water and moisture.

Appointment of waterproofing materials

Contact with water, as well as an increased moisture coefficient, adversely affects many materials. To prevent interactions of this kind, insulators are used that exclude the penetration of water and moisture. This task is solved different ways. Waterproofers differ in structural design, functionality, efficiency, standard sizes, shapes, etc. Modern materials, which are membranes, also differ in the principle of moisture control. Such an insulator not only creates a barrier, accumulating water, but absorbs it and removes it through the appropriate channels. The simplest means of such protection involves minimizing the ingress of water. In particular, it can be ground waterproofing. With your own hands, you can form it on garden plot, laying out several layers of rubble and sand. Conversely, there are insulators that must completely block the access of not only moisture, but also steam. These are materials that provide maximum tightness in swimming pools, in critical equipment operation areas, etc. That is, the material is used not only in construction, but also in technological production processes.

Special waterproofing properties

The basic operational quality of waterproofing is the ability to maintain its structure and technical qualities in close contact with water. Hygroscopicity refers to the resistance of the insulation itself, but there is also a whole group of properties that determine how effective a particular material will be as a protective barrier. To evaluate such characteristics, experts use properties such as water retention, water absorption, moisture absorption, etc. As for water retention, in fact, this is the degree of sealing that a particular waterproofing can provide. This property determines, for example, whether the coating will be able to prevent the passage of water under the roof during a rainstorm. Moreover, the nuances of third-party exposure can be taken into account, when water accumulates at the location insulating coating. The pressure increases and under it the tightness can decrease. Moisture and water absorption is a group of more modern qualities that are appropriate to evaluate in membrane-type insulators. Such materials can absorb certain volumes of water and hold until it evaporates.

Forms of release of waterproofing

On the market, the material is offered in the form of panels, films, bulk fractions and liquid formulations. The most common format is the panel. It is a sheet material with easy installation and relatively high efficiency. Usually with its help the main protection of a roof, front walls and ceilings is realized. The film is more flexible in application, does not take up much space and is versatile in terms of installation locations. But most often, roofs are equipped with film insulators, protecting the thermal insulation from getting wet. Loose waterproofing agents are sometimes used as a filtration material. This is the same sand and gravel, in some cases supplemented with a film sheath. Recent times liquid mixtures are also popularized. How to make waterproofing based on such material? It is usually supplied in special spray cans. The application is carried out with the help of guns that supply the solution through a nozzle. Then the applied mixture hardens like a sealant. This method of isolation is used pointwise in the treatment of hard-to-reach areas. For example, if you need to seal deep seams in the same roof.

Classification of materials according to the place of application

In construction, this division distinguishes between external and internal barriers. The greatest percentage of moisture penetrates into the house from the outside. The most common sources are rainfall and groundwater. Accordingly, high-quality external insulation must be provided. In this part of the protection, polymer-bitumen sheets are more often used, which allow you to completely cover problem areas. With the help of burners, the insulator is soldered with a hermetic cover of the joints. Potentially hazardous areas include roofs, windows, basements and plinths. Internal waterproofing- these are means of protection aimed at combating condensate, leaks in plumbing communications, splashes of water during domestic use cranes, etc. In this case, we are talking about the protection of facing materials inside the premises. This type of waterproofing can be provided using a liquid coating, or you can initially purchase Decoration Materials with high water resistance.

Classification by application method

In accordance with this classification, assembly, pasting, filling, painting and cast insulators are distinguished. Mounting includes panel sheet materials, which are fastened with hardware - self-tapping screws, nails, staples, etc. This method is considered one of the most reliable, but it requires additional sealing, since mechanical fixation is ineffective in this regard. One of the easiest to install is pasting waterproofing, for laying which it is sometimes enough to remove the back protective film and lay down the material. Usually these are roll coatings, for the fixation of which special adhesive solutions with a water-repellent effect are also used. Backfill materials also do not cause problems in laying - it is enough to form and compact them correctly. Paint insulation protects the specific parts and structures to which it is applied. These are protective paints and varnishes, most often used in the processing of wood and metal. With regard to cast waterproofing, it is a group of fusible or liquid materials that are laid on the target area under high temperature and freeze over time.

Special types of waterproofing

This category of waterproofing materials includes industrial materials. For example, there is an insulating impregnation, which can be processed in the factory the same wood. The composition of the impregnations contains active chemical elements, plasticizers and modifiers that improve the insulating qualities of the material structure itself. Sprayed polymeric waterproofing, consisting of a basic synthetic component and a curing catalyst, also belongs to special products. By spraying with such an insulator, metal surfaces of equipment, individual parts and structures are protected.

Combined waterproofing

This type of insulation is considered the most efficient and technologically advanced in the domestic segment of hydrological protection. Its peculiarity lies in the fact that the multi-level structure of the coating with several layers of the membrane provides protection not only from water and moisture, but also from steam. This may be the optimal waterproofing of a bathroom under tiles, as it will protect the room from condensation. Along with this, the tile lining will also be protected. Some models of multifunctional insulators of this type also provide insulation and noise reduction effects, which also guarantee acoustic comfort.

Insulation Device Technology

The list of waterproofing operations includes preparing the base, fixing or applying the target material, as well as additional work for sealing joints. In some cases, the coating is additionally protected from mechanical damage, although combined insulations often provide metallized sheaths for such functions. Before starting work, it is important to calculate how much waterproofing will be used. The consumption in the application of panel sheets is determined, for example, by the coverage area and is estimated at the rate of 8-10 mm over the barrier thickness. Usually, up to 10-15 m of roll material is spent on a room with an area of ​​30 m 2. The volume of flow of bulk mixtures depends on the conditions of use and the characteristics of the fraction. The same applies to individual structures that are coated with paints and varnishes.

Foundation waterproofing

Like roofing, this part of the house is one of the most problematic in terms of the passage of moisture and water. Therefore, even at the construction stage, the foundation is protected. This is done both with the help of rolled bituminous coatings, and with the help of mastic resins, which are used to isolate concrete plates and joints individual elements designs. Also, the waterproofing of the foundation screed is strengthened with sealants and which exclude mechanical rupture of the web structure. Moreover, isolation from water can be performed together with thermal insulation, due to which a multifunctional protective cake is formed.

How to choose waterproofing material?

The choice is made on the basis of protection requirements, structural conditions for installation and financial possibilities. The most affordable will be film or roll material that can protect internal surfaces roofs, the same foundation and separate parts of the facade. Versatile yet expensive membrane material also provide heat and vapor barrier. It will provide optimal waterproofing of the basement from groundwater, which will also protect the lower floors from freezing in winter.

How to make waterproofing yourself?

Completely do without factory Supplies is possible only if the site is isolated from excessive saturation with groundwater. This is how the already described method is performed with a layer-by-layer filling of crushed stone and sand filling. More effective option How to make waterproofing without specialized and expensive materials involves the use of conventional polyethylene oilcloths and, even better, polyvinyl chloride. Such coatings, with high-quality installation and protection, can last a long time, and in combination with a heat insulator, they will also protect the surrounding space from condensation.

New technologies in the waterproofing segment

One of the main problems of all modern insulators is the incompatibility of the target protection material and the characteristics of the hydroprotection shell. To eliminate this incompatibility, technologists offer concepts for the maximum integration of sealing materials into the structure of structures. In particular, the method called "white bath" - functional structural waterproofing - is based on this principle. This solution is mainly used in the protection of underground utilities, which are initially focused on resisting water and moisture. In particular, water-resistant concrete, control-injection elements, water-swelling pipes, etc. are used.

Conclusion

Without proper protection of materials and structures from moisture and water, one can expect their gradual destruction and loss of primary performance. There is a rather narrow group of building materials that, even with prolonged contact with water, do not deform. But the use of hydroprotection does not always guarantee the expected result. To date best waterproofing presented in a series of polymer and membrane coatings. They are characterized not only optimal qualities moisture resistance, but also additional protective qualities. Depending on the modification, they are resistant to mechanical stress, do not contribute to the spread of fire, and even provide support. building structures as a damping effect.