What are waterproofing materials. Penetrating compounds - protection of concrete

In construction, various types of waterproofing of houses are common: the so-called rigid waterproofing; coating, painting, gluing, impregnating, injection, etc.

Rigid waterproofing

These are dense, waterproof concretes; waterproofing cement-sand plasters, work with which is carried out manually or with the help of compressed air - shotcrete; metal insulation. Rigid sheet waterproofing is made of metal or polymer sheets, with rigid attachment to the building envelope by welding or on anchors, screws, glue, dowels, etc.

Coating waterproofing

Coating waterproofing is a multi-layer coating with a thickness of several millimeters to several centimeters (thickness depends on the condition of the surface).

It is used for external protection of the house from groundwater, and internal protection - from capillary moisture, if the soil in your area is very wet, groundwater is close, and there are cracks in the walls. Coating waterproofing includes bitumen and bitumen-containing materials.

Material consumption: approx. 2-3 kg/m 2 . Waterproof materials: up to 0.7 MPa.

Minuses:

• Their service life is 5-6 years, because bitumen loses its elasticity and becomes brittle even at 0°C. The deformations that occur at this temperature lead to the appearance of cracks, the coating will peel off.
• It is not safe to work with hot bitumen, since the heating temperature during application is at least 120°C.

Bituminous materials are being replaced by synthetic resins (polymers) and materials based on them. Bitumen-rubber and bitumen-polymer mastics of cold application on an organic solvent are also produced.

For comparison, different types of coating materials:

The main qualities of waterproofing materials are characterized by such definitions: durability, non-shrinkage, environmental friendliness, efficiency, frost resistance, moisture resistance.

Minus: Materials are not resistant to deformation, vibrations and other mechanical influences. This means that if there is a busy highway near the house, existing railway lines or active work is underway: construction, pipe laying, etc., then the materials will be damaged and will not be able to perform waterproofing functions. Also, with such shortcomings, the material can be damaged during backfilling, for example, if the outer wall of the foundation is processed.

The cost of the coating waterproofing device will be from 30 to 100 USD/m2, depending on the complexity of the work and the price of materials.

Price different types coating waterproofing is indicated in the table (see above).

Paint waterproofing

Painting waterproofing is applied to internal and external isolation. With its help, you can deal with small cracks, crumbling, erosion of the walls. This is a simple, cheap, and affordable way to deal with moisture. It does not require special skills.

Painting waterproofing involves applying to the insulated surface mastic from bitumen of different grades and fillers from talc, asbestos or mastics based on synthetic resins. Waterproofing is applied to the surface manually or mechanically in two to four layers, with a total thickness of 3-6 mm. Mastics are applied in liquid form, obtaining a waterproofing film without seams and joints.

Bituminous materials are produced in the form of solutions of bitumen and pitches, water-bitumen and water-pitch emulsions, both with and without fillers and additives. Polymer waterproofing materials are made on the basis of cement and synthetic latex.

Material consumption: 0.8-2.2 kg/m2. Waterproof: up to 0.7 MPa.

For comparison, different types of paint insulation with different bases:

The main qualities of waterproofing materials are characterized by the following definitions: vapor permeability, environmental friendliness , economy , abrasion resistance.

Minus painting waterproofing - short service life - 5-6 years.

The cost of painting waterproofing will be from 100-180 USD/m2.

The cost of different types of painting materials for waterproofing, see table. higher.

Gluing waterproofing

Represents layers of roll materials applied on a pre-prepared base. Pasting insulation is carried out on vertical and horizontal surfaces. Vertical waterproofing is arranged on the side of the wall that is adjacent to the ground, to the level of the blind area or sidewalk. At a high level of groundwater, vertical gluing insulation is protected from the action of the soil by a clay castle, pressure walls made of bricks.

Pasting waterproofing is a layer of roll materials applied to a pre-prepared base. Pasting insulation is carried out on vertical and horizontal surfaces. Vertical waterproofing is arranged on the side of the wall that is adjacent to the ground, to the level of the blind area or sidewalk. At a high level of groundwater, vertical gluing insulation is protected from the action of the soil by a clay castle, pressure walls made of bricks.

Roll coating is a continuous surface made of waterproof film materials. They are glued to the base and to each other with waterproof mastics.

The most familiar materials: roofing material, roofing felt, glassine. But these materials are not water-resistant, non-rot-resistant and short-lived. Now bitumen is modified with polymers, which significantly increases its elasticity and heat resistance.

the number of roll layers depends on the conditions. 2-3 layers are laid against capillary moisture and seeping water. Against water pressure in basements up to 5 layers. (The decision on the number of layers of adhesive waterproofing is made at the design level, and after agreement with the builders). Waterproof: up to 0.8 MPa.

Features of roll coatings

• Materials can be laid on concrete, asphalt concrete, wood, metal, old roll coating, flat slate, etc.
• To protect against ultraviolet rays and mechanical damage, the materials are covered with stone chips (granulate).

For comparison, different types of gluing insulation with different bases:

The main qualities of waterproofing materials are characterized by such definitions: efficiency, resistance to aggressive chemicals, moisture resistance.

Minuses : rolled waterproofing is capricious in work. A carefully prepared surface is needed - irregularities of more than 2 mm are unacceptable, a dry base is needed, a primer with a bitumen emulsion. Careful gluing or fusing of the material is important. It must be protected from damage and landslides with brickwork, siding, concrete panels, etc.

The application of adhesive waterproofing must be carried out in accordance with the recommendations of accepted building standards at an ambient temperature of +10°C (except for EPDM and thermoplastic materials).

Cost of work: from 10 USD/m2 of surface.

The cost of various types of pasting materials is shown in the table above.

Mastic waterproofing

Mastic waterproofing coating (self-leveling roof) is a polymer membrane laid on the roof surface. It is a seamless coating consisting of waterproofing and reinforcing layers. For the reinforcing layer, fiberglass, fiberglass is used. For the waterproofing layer, the following are used: bituminous, bitumen-polymer, thiacol, etc. mastics.

Modern mastic waterproofing materials form a waterproof, homogeneous, seamless surface. Despite the low permeability, materials pass water vapor well have a high vapor permeability and retain elasticity in the temperature range from -40 to +110 o C. They are resistant to salt solutions, dilute acids and alkalis, however, experts still advise avoiding constant contact with concentrated acids and alkalis.

Mastic coatings are applied to the base mechanically or manually. Mastics are applied in 1-3 layers, depending on the type of mastic and the density of the reinforcing material. The basis for mastic waterproofing can be concrete, reinforced concrete slabs with even surfaces, surfaces of monolithic heaters, for example, polystyrene concrete, cement-sand mortar screeds. After curing, the coating appears as a monolithic, rubber-like material. Such roofs are especially good for areas with a harsh climate.

Material consumption: from 2.5 kg/m². Waterproof- up to 1.0 MPa.

Features of mastic waterproofing:

• Possesses high adhesion (sticking) to any types of bases (concrete, metal, wood, brick, etc.).
• Durability and reliability of operation of coatings for at least 20 years.
• Level of mechanization roofing works can be 90% versus 30% when performing work using roofing material.
• Increases overhaul period.
• Provides seamless coatings.

Mastics are divided into:

by type of bonding material

For bitumen, bitumen-rubber, bitumen-polymer;

by way of application

Hot, used with preheating up to 160 ° C - for bituminous mastics;

Cold, used without heating at an air temperature of at least 5°С and with heating up to 60° - 70°С at air temperatures below 5°С.

There is a very large variety of mastic materials offered on the market with large differences in properties and prices, so the decision to use one or another type of mastic coating is made when creating a project and coordinating it with the builders.

Minuses: the use of hot mastics is associated with an increased fire hazard * (see the glossary of terms and definitions). The surface must be dried before coating (mastic can be applied to surfaces with a moisture content of not more than 15%), cleaned of dust, oil and other contaminants.

The cost of works on the installation of mastic waterproofing is from 10 USD/m2.

The cost of mastics depends on the brand and ranges from 0.5 USD/kg (bituminous) to 15 USD/kg (polyurethane mastics).

Impregnation insulation (penetrating)

It is carried out by impregnation of building products made of porous materials - concrete slabs and blocks, asbestos-cement sheets and pipes, limestone and tuff blocks with special materials. Penetrating materials are made from cement with additives of chemically active substances and specially crushed sand. It is used mainly for internal waterproofing of foundations and basements, as well as for the repair of concrete structures.

This material can be used in both reconstruction and new construction, if access to external surfaces is limited, and the only way to install waterproofing is from inside the building.

The crystalline formations of the waterproofing mixture penetrate into the pores of the concrete to a depth of 60 cm and become an integral part of the concrete, guaranteeing its impermeability.

The pluses include the fact that during operation, upon contact with water, the chemical reaction continues, and the sealing process continues - concrete self-healing occurs. It turns out a double waterproofing effect: waterproofing the outer layer and crystallization of the pores inside the concrete. In addition, when using this technology, the walls remain vapor permeable.

Thickness of the waterproofing layer: from 1 to 3 mm.

Material consumption: from 0.8 kg/m2. Waterproof A: withstand pressure of 0.8 MPa.

Features of impregnating waterproofing:

• Can also be applied to damp surfaces.
• You can work without exposing the outer walls.
• Possibility of waterproofing after completion of the main construction works.
• Does not require protection during backfilling, rebar placement, etc.
• Does not require pre-treatment of the surface with a primer.
• Raises frost resistance concrete, protects it from weathering and other damage caused by weather conditions.
• High resistance to chemicals(pH ranging from 3 to 11)
• Provides protection against corrosion - prevents oxidation of fittings.

The decision to use one or another type of impregnating insulation is made when creating a project and coordinating it with the builders.

Minus: Impregnating waterproofing is more suitable for fresh concrete. When repairing old concrete, it is necessary to clean the surface of plaster and degrease in order to open access to the capillary system of the surface. To do this, you will need a shot blasting or water blasting machine operating at a pressure of at least 15-20 atm, since the use of a scraper or wire brush will not be enough.

The cost of the penetrating waterproofing material: from 9 c.u. /kg,

The cost of work - from 30 USD/m2.

Injection waterproofing

It is applied for:

Waterproofing of cold joints at the joints of walls and soil;

Elimination of leaks in the walls;

For increase bearing capacity dilapidated foundations made of brick and rubble;

Creation of a capillary cut-off to exclude capillary suction of moisture from the soil - injection of foundations and internal walls.

Injection waterproofing is created by injecting liquid materials during repairs into the pores and cracks of soil, concrete or masonry. It is created on mineral, polyurethane, epoxy and other bases, in terms of density the materials are close to water and are able to penetrate into all kinds of destruction in the walls of the structure. External waterproofing is restored without carrying out earthworks.

Materials are introduced into the walls under high pressure up to 240 atm. with help special equipment packers (injectors) and fill cracks in the wall. Going outside, they form a waterproofing highly elastic barrier membrane between the wall and the ground. Resin penetrates into cracks, pores and outer surface foundation, creating a protective film and filling all the free space. The insulating substance of injection waterproofing - polymer resins or gels with low viscosity - is introduced into inclined wells with a diameter of 10-20 mm (pre-drilled).

Consumption injection composition - from 1.7 l / m2. Waterproof- up to 1 MPa.

Features of injection waterproofing:

• Possesses high adhesion (sticking) to wet surfaces: from 100 kg/sq.cm to brick, steel, concrete - there is no need to dry cracks before work.
• The materials are close in density to the density of water and are able to penetrate cracks of any size from 0.1 mm.
• Low minimum temperature drawing
• Response time: from 8 seconds to several minutes. You can instantly block access to water.
• Safe for the environment (not dangerous for drinking water).

The decision to use one or another type of injection insulation is made when creating a project and agreeing it with the builders.

Minuses: complexity, cost. Self-conduct injection waterproofing is impossible, and there are few companies offering injection waterproofing services.

The cost of such work can be 100 -150 USD / m2.

Superdiffusion and diffusion membranes

It's three-layer highly vapor permeable material with a reinforced mesh of polypropylene fibers in its structure. It is intended for use in the construction of pitched roofs and ventilated facades.

Features of superdiffusion and diffusion membranes:

• Allow to mount a roof lighter in weight.
• They are laid directly on the thermal insulation material.
• Vapor permeability more than 1400 g/m2 x 24 hours
• Increased water resistance(2000 mm wd.st and more).
• Materials can be strengthened close to the insulation material.
• Increased resistance to UV rays.
• Ease of installation.
• Extends the life of the roof.
• A healthy indoor climate is created.
• Due to its low weight and good waterproofing properties, the membrane can be used in any climatic zones and keeps within under any weather conditions (and at negative temperatures) without loss of properties.
• Can be used for external insulation of vertical walls of the house.
• Durability is over 50 years.
• The ability to carry out installation work in all weather conditions.

Superdiffusion membranes must be used with roofing materials, reverse side

which are not afraid of moisture - these are ceramic, cement-sand, bituminous tiles and metal tiles with an aluminum zinc coating.

The difference between diffusion membranes and superdiffusion membranes is that they can work only if there are two ventilated gaps: upper and lower - between the insulation and the membrane, the dimensions of the gaps are 50-60 mm.

Minuses:

• Not used with metal tiles, if they do not have an aluminum coating, and corrugated bituminous sheets - euroslate.
• As with any porous filter, contamination of the pores and a decrease in vapor permeability are possible. With increased dust content in the air, dust from the ventilation gap can be attracted to the membrane and close the pores, reducing vapor permeability.

The cost is from 15 USD/m2.

Installation cost - from 20 USD/m2.

Polymer films (membranes)

There are polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride PVC, polypropylene films, synthetic rubber - ethylene propylene diene monomer (artificial rubber), such as EPDM.

Features of polymer films:

• Durability: the service life of such materials: up to 50 years.

• The coating can be laid over old bituminous roofing materials, such as roofing felt.
• Installation can be carried out all year round.
• High elasticity . Up to a temperature of -45°C, the extensibility of the material exceeds 400%.
• Low water absorption.
• Chemical resistance.
• Temperature range of use from -40 to +100°C.

Reinforced film

1. Polyethylene.

2. Reinforced mesh.

3. Polyethylene.

Polymer films (membranes)

For example, EPDM ethylene propylene diene monomer is used to create inversion, green, repair and waterproofing of roofs of any configuration. Allows you to cover roofs of any complexity with a minimum number of seams. They can be reinforced, for example, fiberglass or polyester mesh, and unreinforced. Reinforced films have a strength of about 10 kPa.

Seams are fastened by hot air welding, as well as using a special solvent. Vulcanization of seams allows to receive monolithic connection. The films can be attached to the base with roofing dowels or on double-sided self-adhesive tape. These membranes can also be installed without gluing: with a gravel ballast or a deck of paving slabs or on rooftops with landscaping.

Minus: gluing to the base occurs only along the junctions. Continuous gluing methods and mechanical fastening require special fasteners and technologies, therefore they are more expensive than using PVC or TPO membranes.

The cost of mounting one layer on average is from 20 USD/m2.

The cost of the film - from 9 USD/m2.

TPO membranes

They do not have volatile plasticizers, as they are made from polypropylene and ethylene-propylene rubber with the addition of special additives that improve its operational and fireproof * properties. They are used for waterproofing roofs that are subjected to increased mechanical stress during operation and construction, as due to the presence of a reinforcing layer, it has tensile and puncture strength, high tensile and compression resistance.

Minus: possible linear expansions, and this can affect appearance roofs. Average cost of waterproofing works polymer membrane- 3 dollars per 1 m2.

The cost of the film is 1.6 USD/m2.

Polymer film (membrane) made of PVC

consists of polyvinyl chloride with the addition of plasticizers. This allows it to maintain elasticity at low temperatures. It is used for a covering of a roof, walls of pools. To give the film greater tensile and puncture strength, a special reinforcing base made of polyester mesh is used. This allows the membrane to be fixed mechanically.

Minuses: over time, plasticizers volatilize from the material, which leads to a loss of elasticity. Incompatible with bitumen. Not resistant to low temperatures below -20°C. Low vapor permeability (40g/m2 per day). Subject to piercing.

The cost of the film is 0.6 USD/m2,

The cost of installation work is 1.2 USD/m2.

Briefly about some other waterproofing materials.

Anti-condensation waterproofing films

They are vapor proof. It is used when the roof is made of metal, iron, ceramic tiles, bituminous tiles and other materials that cause increased condensation, for waterproofing roofs over a cold attic.

The reverse side of the films, the one that faces the insulation, has a fleecy surface. The moisture coming out of the insulation is retained by the pile. The film can hold 4-8 times its own weight in water. It is necessary to have two ventilated air gaps - lower and upper. The moisture is then carried away along with the air that rises through the lower air gap. The other side of the material is protected from moisture and ventilated thanks to the upper air gap.

Features of anti-condensation waterproofing films:

• Tensile strength - not less than 780 kgf/cm2.
• The ability to hold water per unit. own weight - from 400%.
• Helps extend the life of roofing.
• Through ventilation bottom surface the service life of the lower protective layer is extended.

Minus: at sub-zero temperatures, moisture that has not weathered from the fleecy coating will freeze and turn into ice, preventing steam from escaping.

Price : from 4 c.u./m2.

Installation cost : from 7 c.u./m2.

Mounted waterproofing

on the basis of bentonite mats - the creation of protective screens. Prevents building subsidence, creates good waterproofing walls, serves as protection against capillary suction of moisture. The main role is played by bentonite waterproofing. A layer of bentonite clay in the form of granules is enclosed between sheets of cardboard or geotextile. The cardboard shell decomposes in the soil during operation. As a result, the entire buried surface is surrounded by clay. Bentonite clay plays the role of a shield already at a thickness of 1-2 cm. As a result, the entire buried surface of the structure is surrounded by clay.

Bentonite has the form of granules, which, after contact with water, swell and become a gel. Mats or sheets of material are laid on the prepared surface (soil, concrete) overlapping. To ensure additional reliability, bentonite granules are poured between the overlapped edges, and on top of everything - a layer of fine-grained soil with a compacted layer thickness of at least 0.3 m.

Waterproof bentonite mats: up to 0.8 MPa.

Minuses: difficult to manufacture, high cost.

The cost of bentonite mats is approximately $10/m2.

Installation cost: from 15 USD/m2.

There are many different waterproofing materials in addition to those presented above: quick-hardening compounds for repairing emergency leaks; sanitizing plasters; water-repellent compositions to give concrete and brick water-repellent properties; antisalt, antifungal impregnations and much, much more.

The choice of waterproofing material should be made taking into account the climatic features of the area, the design of the house, and all decisions should be made in consultation with designers and builders.

Note: Prices are for 2013.

Waterproofing is intended primarily to protect any type of building structure from exposure to moisture and further destruction as a result. At first glance, it may seem - what is the difference between all these materials, they perform only one task. But a qualified specialist can tell you what the wrong waterproofing or poor quality will lead to.

Sooner or later, but every house gets old. This happens for obvious reasons - materials, structures, communications wear out. Cracks appear in which microorganisms penetrate and multiply there, darkening your life. To eliminate this problem by repairing the waterproofing layer can be difficult or completely unrealistic. Therefore, in order to avoid such situations, a lot of attention should initially be paid to the choice of a good and suitable waterproofing material.

There are several universal characteristics that any waterproofing material should have, regardless of its purpose. It is waterproof, waterproof, strong, durable.

There are many different types of waterproofing.

Dry mixes and mastics (coated waterproofing)

Such waterproofing is mainly used to protect the internal surfaces of the room from capillary moisture and the outer surfaces from ground moisture. The basis of such compositions are bitumen and bitumen-containing substances. They are easy to use and inexpensive.

These are universal compositions that are characterized by good ductility. They are obtained by mixing special components with astringent properties, as well as various additives and fillers that give the finished material its adhesive properties. AT construction work usually, cold and hot bituminous mastics, as well as a plasticizer, are used for waterproofing. These are the most popular and commonly used materials today. There are also bitumen-rubber mastics and polymer bitumen, which differ from other mastics in increased resistance to high temperatures and elasticity.

All mastics, conventional and polymeric, have one drawback - they are not so durable compared to other waterproofing materials and lend themselves well to mechanical damage. The maximum such waterproofing will last 5 or 6 years.

Coating waterproofing also includes cement-polymer mastics. They consist of a mixture of dry cement and various mineral fillers.

In total, materials for coating waterproofing are divided into several groups:

1) On cement base. Working with such insulation requires certain skills. At the same time, the initial result will please you with environmental friendliness, durability, economy and lack of shrinkage.
2) On a cement-polymer basis. These materials are environmentally friendly, resistant to aggressive chemical substances However, they require careful preparation of the protected surface and are quite expensive.
3) On a cement-chemical basis. It is a deep penetration insulation, repair cracks quickly, environmental friendly. The materials used are resistant to liquids. It requires skill to apply.
4) Polymer waterproofing. It is versatile and easy to use, frost-resistant, deeply penetrating. Requires special preparation of the treated surface with a special acrylic composition.
5) Polyacrylic waterproofing. Actually, the pros and cons of her are the same as those of the polymer.
6) Bitumen-latex waterproofing. It is quite economical, explosion and fire safe, but also requires careful preparation of the protected surface or reinforcement.

Gluing waterproofing

This type of waterproofing is familiar to many people since the days of Soviet buildings. In pasting waterproofing, materials such as fiberglass, only leather, isol, brizol, hydroisol, roofing material and others are used. They also use sheet and roll materials based on polymers - polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, vinyl plastic.

These materials provide surface resistance to moisture, to aggressive chemicals, cost-effectiveness.
Pasting waterproofing is glued to the required surface in one to four layers. The process of installing waterproofing material itself requires high costs forces. Yes, and the working surface must be pre-prepared - it is carefully leveled, dried and primed with a bituminous emulsion.

Sheets of insulating material are glued from the bottom up. At the same time, the previous layer should overlap with the next one by no less than 15-20 cm in the transverse direction and 10 cm in the longitudinal direction.

If the work on pasting waterproofing is carried out in winter time and even outdoors, the working surface of the structure is dried and heated to 10-15 degrees Celsius. Hot asphalt is used for leveling screed. Before gluing the rolled insulation material, it is kept in a warm room for at least 20 hours, and then treated with slowly evaporating solvents.

Paint waterproofing

The main range of application of this waterproofing is the protection of underground structures from the effects of capillary moisture. For this, cold and hot pitch and bituminous mastics are used. They also use materials based on synthetic resins and various types of plastics (ethinol paints and varnishes and epoxy materials, polyester, furyl and other resins).

The main characteristics of paint waterproofing are environmental friendliness, economy, abrasion resistance, vapor permeability.
Depending on the main constituent material, paint waterproofing can be bituminous, cement, rubber-bitumen, rubber-resin, bitumen-latex, polyacrylic.

Before starting work, the surface is cleaned of dirt and dust, covered with a cold primer, which is liquefied bitumen or a liquid solution of polymer resins. Paint waterproofing is applied in 2-3 layers, the total thickness of which is 2-4 mm for hot bituminous or pitch mastics, 1.5-3 mm for bituminous pastes, 1.5-1.5 mm for bituminous varnishes, paints and emulsions. Paint waterproofing based on polymers is characterized by a more waterproof and frost-resistant coating.

A layer of paint insulation is applied using pistol sprayers or airbrushes. If the surface is small in area or limited conditions do not allow the use of such devices, then a brush is used. You can also use flame spraying. Paint waterproofing will last about five to six years.

Powder waterproofing

It's pretty convenient way waterproofing. It is carried out using special mixtures in the form of a powder of cement, plasticizers and synthetic resins. Immediately before use, this powder mixture is diluted with a certain amount of water and applied to the work surface like a normal plaster. It is easy to work with it, but such waterproofing is easily susceptible to mechanical damage. If this happens, then the entire waterproofing system is considered unusable.

Penetrating waterproofing

This type of insulation combines components such as special cement, sand, active chemicals. Such waterproofing is very reliable, it is easy to work with it. It fills all the cracks, even invisible to the human eye, and is capable of self-healing. What's the secret? When applied, the mixture changes its structure - it turns into crystals that penetrate and fix in the surface at a depth of up to 20 cm. Over time, if any damage occurs in the presence of moisture, the chemically active components begin to “come to life” and restore the damaged waterproofing layer.

Waterproofing with water repellents

This waterproofing is based on the use of special compounds with which the working surface is treated. When dried, a film with a water-repellent effect is formed, its components do not allow moisture to be absorbed and it simply rolls off it in the form of drops. It is very convenient, easy to use, and does not require any preparatory work with the treated surface. And yet, in this barrel of honey there is a fly in the ointment - such waterproofing does not differ in enviable durability. Its maximum is 10 years and no more.

Waterproofing material is selected based on general design houses and climate features in the area.

Let's talk about the types of waterproofing, its purpose and application. Purpose - the creation of a continuous waterproof layer. There are a number of ways.

Waterproofing in construction is aimed at protecting structures from exposure to high humidity or direct contact with water and other liquids. Its purpose is to create a continuous waterproof layer. There are several ways to make such a layer, and the same hydrophobic materials can take different shapes.

Painting waterproofing is the application of a waterproof composition based on bitumen, rubber and various resins in several layers. This type of insulation allows you to reliably protect the surface from moisture damage. The layer of such insulation after application is 2 - 6 mm and reliably protects the surface from moisture penetration and damage to the coating.

Types of paint waterproofing

External waterproofing. With the help of this type of finish, it is possible to deal with various cracks and joints in the finishing of building facades, crumbling of decorative plaster or erosion of the finishing material.

Internal waterproofing. Painting the floors in the bathroom will protect the neighbors below from flooding if a leak occurs.

Variety of materials

Bituminous. Bituminous waterproofing is carried out with compositions that include solutions of bitumen and pitches with or without various additives. Such compounds are applied in a wide temperature range from -30 to +60 degrees, which allows the use of this type of insulation in various conditions. Work on applying such a coating is carried out in accordance with the current state standards and technical recommendations of manufacturers.

Bitumen-polymer. To give the composition greater elasticity, various polymer additives are introduced into the composition of bituminous mastics. This allows you to achieve high elasticity of the applied material and make them resistant to deformation. Such compositions are applied with a spray gun, which allows you to achieve the most uniform and reliable layer of waterproofing. They are able to withstand low temperatures, so they are quite applicable for external waterproofing.

Polymer. Created on the basis of synthetically created rubbers and resins. Suitable for insulation of underground structures located in areas of constant watering, as well as in very aggressive environments.

Polymer cement. Such a composition, which has previously passed the paint grinder, is applied to a relatively dry concrete plane. It is quite suitable for insulating structures of industrial and civil type, which are operated in conditions of seasonal flooding.

This type of surface insulation, like other varieties, has its advantages and disadvantages. Among the advantages are:

1. Ease of application. Mastics are applied quite simply, you can do it yourself, without help professional craftsmen. The main task is to apply several layers of the composition to the surface, having previously prepared the plane with putty and primer. The thickness of the paint waterproofing layer is 3-6 mm.
2. Availability. In addition to the fact that the application process itself does not require additional skills, materials for such insulation are available at any hardware store and at very reasonable prices.
3. Application speed. The compositions are easily and quickly applied with brushes, rollers or spray guns. Allow the previous one to dry before applying the next layer.

Among the disadvantages of this type of waterproofing, only a short service life of the coating can be distinguished. Paint waterproofing will last only 5 - 6 years.

Surface preparation

For applying waterproofing compounds, the plane on which they will be applied. Should be carefully prepared. To do this, the surface is carefully cleaned from dust, dirt, various sagging, old paint, etc. The places where the waterproofing layer will adhere to the embedded parts are laid with a reinforcing fabric that prevents the waterproofing layer from slipping. After cleaning, the surface is leveled and primed, and then wiped with white spirit or gasoline, degreasing. Then the surfaces are allowed to dry completely and only after that they begin to apply the compositions.

If all the preparatory work and the application itself are carried out according to the technology prescribed in the GOSTs and the manufacturer's recommendations, then the surface will be reliably protected from moisture and will last for a long time.

Coating waterproofing

This type of waterproofing involves applying bitumen or bitumen-containing materials to the surface. Using bitumen has always been and is still considered a good way, and bituminous mastic can be applied to many surfaces: concrete, metal, wood and others, which indicates the versatility of this mastic. Modern chemistry makes it possible to improve the characteristics of bitumen in terms of ease of application, efficiency and economy. Bitumen mastic is used in open and closed spaces.

What are waterproofing bituminous mastics? Nowadays, there are a lot of varieties of waterproofing bituminous mastics, since the number of additives that can be used in these mastics is large. Some types:

1. Bituminous mastics with various mineral additives: with cement, ash, chalk, dolomite and other minerals.
2. Bitumen rubber, this mastic contains rubber crumb, can, but rarely, be used hot.
3. Bituminous polymer, this type includes minerals (described in paragraph 1), rubber crumb and polyurethane or polystyrene additives.
4. Bituminous primer, it is applied before applying other bituminous mastics, it increases adhesion.

There are bituminous mastics that are applied hot, they require heating up to 300 degrees Celsius, they are not very convenient.

Consumption of waterproofing bituminous mastics

The manufacturer usually always indicates the consumption on the label. When bituminous mastic is applied, about 30% of the material in it evaporates, since the composition contains a corresponding amount of volatile solvents.

On average, it takes from 3 to 5 kg to waterproof the foundation, depending on how large it is, about the same amount for the roof. All numbers are calculated per square meter.

An example of the use of bituminous mastic for waterproofing a foundation

Before applying something, the entire surface must be cleaned of sand, dirt, dust. After that, it is better to apply layers of bituminous primer - this will allow the bituminous mastic to better adhere to the surface, apply layers until there is a saturated black color, the primer dries up for a maximum of 24 hours.

For sealing, any of the above bituminous mastic, or ordinary construction mastic, is suitable. If the mastic turned out to be thick, then a simple task is to add white spirit.

Application is carried out with a spatula (inconvenient when the surfaces are large per square meter), construction brush, roller. For more convenient application with a roller, you can use some kind of long handle. Layers should not be thick or liquid, with streaks. Usually two layers are applied, if necessary, a third layer can be applied, which is done very rarely.

Conclusion. Naturally, sealing with bituminous mastic is used not only in foundation technology, but also in various other places where protection against moisture and water is necessary. We emphasize once again that bituminous mastic is a universal and effective thing in construction.

The construction of even the most modern buildings is not complete without applying a special protective layer. However, modern materials are not able to withstand the pressure of groundwater. Over time, the surface of the foundation will collapse under the action of water, if the necessary measures are not taken in time.

And the way out of this situation can be to cover the foundation with a layer of plaster waterproofing. This method has been in high demand for many years and is reliable.

What it is

Plaster waterproofing is a way to protect the foundation of a building, as well as insulation from the harmful effects of groundwater, or to protect other surfaces in rooms with high humidity. This is a complex mixture, the basis of which is cement. After application, hardening, the mixture forms an elastic film that is resistant to moisture.

The mixture can be diluted with your own hands without leaving the construction site. Drying of the solution occurs quickly enough and retains its operational properties for a long time, up to 30 years.

Peculiarities

The use of this method of waterproofing involves some limitations:

1. Plaster waterproofing is not used in buildings subject to vibrations, deformations and dynamic loads. If the impact of dynamic loads is expected, the surface is necessarily reinforced with a mesh.
2. The number of layers to be applied to the surface is selected based on the location of the treated surface. For example, for outdoor work, at least three layers are used, with a thickness of 0.5 to 5 cm. It is important to remember that for greater efficiency, each layer must be applied perpendicular to the previous one.
3. The big advantage of this treatment is the absence of the need to level the surface. The plaster mixture will reliably hide all existing irregularities.
4. The laid plaster waterproofing after drying is able to take on almost any finish. It has good adhesion to adhesives.
5. Work should be carried out exclusively in positive temperatures.
6. If the treated surface (foundation) is supposed to fall asleep in the future, then it is best to treat the insulating layer with hot mastic.

Application method

Applying plaster waterproofing requires little surface preparation:

1. The surface to be treated is cleaned of dirt, small fractions, cracks are expanded for their further filling.
2. Then the surface is moistened with a primer. You can also use adhesive compositions based on PVA.
3. Wait for the moment when the soil solution penetrates into the upper layers of concrete.
4. Dilute the plaster mixture to the texture of a thick paste, and then evenly apply with a spatula to the surface. After the previous layer has completely dried, apply the second layer of the plaster mixture perpendicularly. Its complete drying will lead to the formation of an elastic layer resistant to water.
5. After complete drying of the previous layer, apply a second layer of plaster mixture perpendicularly. Its complete drying will lead to the formation of an elastic layer resistant to water.

Advantages and disadvantages

The main advantages of this type of waterproofing are its resistance to mechanical stress and excellent water resistance. Also, plaster waterproofing can be used as a binder for insulating materials.

The undoubted advantage of this type of waterproofing is durability, the finish will last about 30 years.

The disadvantages of the material are very few and are based only on instability to sudden changes. temperature regime. Also, cracks may appear on the surface of such waterproofing over time, which, however, are subject to repair.

Sheet waterproofing is one of the many ways to create a waterproof barrier used to protect structures from moisture, groundwater pressure or other flowing substances. It is used everywhere in the construction of foundations, basements. Also in the construction of roofs, the arrangement of the roof.

Represents solid material, made from petroleum bitumen or epoxy resins, intended for gluing in one or more layers. It is produced in the form of rolls rolled out on the treated surface, or solid sheets of a fixed size. According to the type of use, pasting waterproofing can be of three types:

1. Adhered with mastic or special glue.
2. Self-adhesive, glued to the adhesive layer already applied to them.
3. Floating, with a layer of bituminous mastic applied, which is melted before pasting with gas burner.

How is the waterproofing process

The first step is to make preparatory work. The selected surface should be rid of all irregularities, dents, protrusions, potholes, smooth corners. If there are seams on the surface, they should be treated with a sealant.

The surface is then primed and dried. At this stage, it is desirable to apply a layer of coating waterproofing to the primer to improve the moisture-proof effect. After completion of the preparation, you can proceed to pasting the surface. Further work depends on the type and form of pasting waterproofing.

For material requiring adhesive application

Adhesive mastic or special glue is evenly distributed on the prepared surface, after which rolled or rolled glue is glued onto it. sheet material. It is worth noting that the rolls are overlapped so that the edge of the previous sheet lies under the center of the next.

The sheet version is glued in a run-up, closing the seams of the first layer with whole sheets of the next one. After pasting the first layer, an adhesive composition is applied to the already laid material, after which the next layer is laid on it. The joints of the upper layer are glued with polymer glue.

For self-adhesive and weld-on material

These materials are laid in a similar way, following the same sequence of actions and basic principles. The self-adhesive material is tightly pressed to the surface with a sticky layer and carefully rolled with a hard roller. The surfacing material is guided by the adhesive side to the surface and rolled out under gradual heating.

Waterproofing is a process without which no construction often takes place. The waterproofing material is a viscous plastic mass, which is obtained by mixing organic binders, fine fillers and special additives, characterized by the ability of gluing.

According to the property and technology of preparation, it is similar to the preparation of glue. The difference lies in the increased viscosity and the presence of a significant amount of fillers. It is these indicators that attribute this substance to the category of mastics. Mastic is used to connect various materials. The surface of parts is protected from corrosion by coating them with a thick layer of mastic. Cracks, holes are closed with mastic and other recesses are leveled to obtain a flat surface. In addition, it is used to ensure the tightness of the seams, and it is also used for gluing to the wall. various items as decoration.

When using hot bitumen, it is important to take precautions. If you are not careful with hot bitumen, you can get burns. To prevent hot bitumen from getting into the fire, you need to correctly install the boiler, which should be located with a slight slope in the opposite direction from the firebox. In addition, next to the boiler you need to put a box filled with sand.

Work with mastic

The preparation of mastics requires compliance with the rules of cooking. First, bitumen of low grades is laid. After the foam stops appearing, bitumen of higher grades is added. The boiler does not need to be filled to the top, but only 2/3 of the volume.

In order to deliver bitumen safely from the place of boiling to the destination, capsule barrels are used, which are not completely filled, but only 3/4. From above, these barrels are closed with a lid. To work with this material, canvas gloves, goggles, a suit and leather boots should be used. This is necessary in order to prevent bitumen from getting on the skin and eyes, which will lead to burns.

Mastic can be both hot and cold. To prepare a cold adhesive mass, solvents will be required, which must be poured away from fire.

To improve the properties of the bituminous bridge, the prepared mass is added rubber crumb made from waste rubber. This mastic has a number of positive characteristics, including:

• flexibility at low temperatures;
• extensibility;
• high adhesion to concrete;
• the ability to maintain waterproofing properties in an aggressive environment;
• good spreadability.

There are also polymer bitumen mastics, the characteristics of which include such indicators as high elasticity, excellent adhesive ability and heat resistance.

Each type of mastic allows you to protect the surface from the appearance of rust and mold. Bitumen with the addition of solvents prevents moisture from entering the concrete pavement. Unlike other waterproofing materials, the use of mastic allows you to create a seamless coating, while the seams are weak point any waterproofing.

Repair of the premises involves waterproofing the floor, which is able to protect the surface from the harmful effects of moisture. As a result of increased humidity, the concrete coating will gradually collapse, and the wooden one will gradually begin to rot. That is why it is necessary to provide waterproofing.

There are many types of insulation that differ in the materials and technologies used. For concrete floors and structures, as a rule, impregnating waterproofing is used.

What is impregnation waterproofing

This method of insulation is the impregnation of the surface with cement-based compounds with the addition of sand and various chemicals. Most often, this type of waterproofing is used to protect basements, foundations, cellars.

A special mixture that is applied to the surface contains small particles that are a link between cement particles, penetrating deep into the pores of this material.

It is noteworthy that upon contact with moisture, the chemical reaction does not end, but continues, the film becomes elastic, becoming waterproof and even vapor-tight, creating conditions for long-term operation.

Advantages of impregnation

• it is easily applied both on a dried plane and on a moistened one, without losing its operational qualities;
• manipulations can be performed without exposing the outer layer of the walls;
• insulation can be carried out upon completion of all general construction activities;
• does not imply secondary protection after application;
• no preliminary priming of the plane is required;
• becomes a protection of the concrete plane from weathering after application, and also increases its resistance to severe frosts;
• has excellent resistance to chemicals;
• prevents oxidation of reinforcement and protects it from corrosion.

Along with the advantages of this type of treatment, there is also a disadvantage that should be considered when choosing the type of waterproofing. And it lies in the fact that such waterproofing is applicable only for new concrete.

If impregnating waterproofing is to be applied to the surface of old concrete, a series of manipulations will have to be carried out to prepare the surface. Old concrete will have to be thoroughly cleaned of plaster and degreased using a sandblaster or shot blaster.

Types of impregnating waterproofing

Based on the list of materials that are used for impregnation, this type of waterproofing can be divided into several types:

1. Oligomeric. The cheapest impregnation option based on oil refinery products. The impregnation material is close in composition to machine oil and diesel fuel. Needless to say, working with such materials and staying indoors for some time after impregnation will be unpleasant. It will be necessary to wait until the unpleasant and pungent smell disappears. In addition, such compositions should not be applied to a wet surface.
2. Acrylic. With this type of impregnation, a small part of the polymer remains on the surface, forming a kind of film, protecting the surface from moisture.
3. Silicone. This type of impregnation includes silanes, siliconates, siloxanes and other polymers. Silicones easily polymerize with cement, sand, glass and other materials, forming a reliable protection for the concrete surface.

Today, there are many technologies that can be isolated from the harmful effects of moisture, preventing the destruction of a particular structure. One of the most modern and effective methods is injection waterproofing.

Advantages of the method

• the ability to avoid major repairs to the damaged surface;
• injections can be carried out both during the construction process and at the stage of operation of the building, while the removal of the finish is not required;
• the method is used in small accidents for a water breakthrough;
• it can withstand low temperatures, water pressure of several atmospheres, as well as other negative environmental influences;
• injection formulations can even fill microcracks and small gaps, sometimes invisible to the human eye;
• the hardening time of the mixture can be equal to several seconds, which is extremely important when eliminating breakthroughs;
• This method is absolutely safe for drinking water.

Materials used for waterproofing by injection

To date, the mixtures used for this type of insulation can be divided into four types:

1. acrylate gels.
2. Epoxy materials.
3. Microcements.
4. polyurethane materials.

Acrylate gels have good flexibility and are not subject to destruction under mechanical influences. They have a density similar to that of water, instantly harden, and perfectly interact with the materials of construction.

Polyurethane polymers are the most economical material for this type of insulation. The mixture expands 20 times in volume when it comes into contact with moisture. At the same time, the polymer foams, expelling water, and the composition applied after it quickly hardens and creates a reliable armor against water.

Microcements freely penetrate into voids and microcracks, crystallizing and producing a dense layer that does not allow moisture to pass through.

Epoxy compounds polymerize exclusively under the influence of oxygen. Moisture adversely affects their performance. But after hardening, this mixture creates an excellent waterproofing, giving mechanical strength and prevent the harmful effects of water.

Isolation technology

This method involves a number of manipulations:

1. Holes are drilled on the surface of the structure with a puncher at a distance of 50 cm from each other. The diameter of the holes should be 1 - 2 cm. If it is necessary to create a protective layer from the outside, you need to drill through holes, for sealing cracks and gaps - non-through.
2. When using hydroreactive compositions, the holes are wetted with water.
3. With special equipment, the compositions are pumped into the holes.
4. Additionally, they protect the building from fungus and mold, and neutralize salts.
5. Finishing with a special layer of plaster.

The process of injection waterproofing is not too difficult, but requires professional skills and special equipment. Therefore, for carrying out these works, it is best to contact specialists.

Cast waterproofing this is a fairly new and effective way to isolate surfaces from the harmful effects of moisture. It is a waterproof layer, which is formed by applying special compounds to the surface in several layers and leveling them.

Experts who have long been involved in the repair of premises and waterproofing note that this method is the most reliable of all presented today.

There are two ways of such filling, depending on the state of the solution or mastic:

1. Hot. For this method, asphalt and asphalt-concrete compositions with an admixture of polymers are used. The main difference this method is that the base for the hot mix must be carefully prepared. The surface is leveled, I remove all gaps, cracks and crevices, and only then apply this method of waterproofing.
2. Cold. Cold waterproofing involves the application of a special composition that does not require pre-heating on the surface and its further leveling. After application, the mastic is left to dry completely.

Most often, cast waterproofing is used when pouring concrete floors. This is the most reliable basis for this type of insulation. After leveling and solidification of the layers of mastic, they are protected with a cement-sand screed.

When applying this type of insulation to a vertically located surface, the process will be quite time-consuming and difficult. Most often, this type of insulation is still used on horizontal surfaces.

Stages of isolation

Applying cast waterproofing is a rather painstaking process. But subject to a certain algorithm of actions, anyone can cope with this operation. Conventionally, all work can be divided into several stages:

• thorough cleaning of the concrete surface from dirt, debris and dust;
• leveling the floor surface;
• drying the surface with a gas burner or hot air;
• applying a primer to the surface for better adhesion to the composition;
• dilution of the insulating mixture in a special container;
• installation of barriers around the perimeter (height approximately 30 - 40 cm);
• heating the diluted solution to 140 degrees;
• pouring hot mortar onto the surface and leveling it.

After performing these manipulations, you only need to let the mastic cool completely and the waterproofing protection is ready. You can continue further repair and finishing work.

Scope of cast waterproofing

This method of isolation has a fairly wide use. It is used to fill the gaps between the protected plane and the pressure wall, to fill voids, temperature-shrinkage joints and during restoration work.

After pouring the solution, a thick waterproof layer is formed, which reliably protects the surface from the penetration of harmful moisture. Additionally, the solution can be reinforced with a metal mesh or fiberglass.

Backfill waterproofing is a set of measures that is aimed at protecting the structural parts of the building from the harmful effects of moisture. As backfill materials, special bulk components are used, which, when interacting with water, form a dense protective layer impervious to moisture.

This type of waterproofing has been used for many years. The first material used for backfilling was clay. Upon contact with water, the clay formed a dense layer, 50 cm thick, which became a real barrier to moisture.

Scope of application

The backfill type of waterproofing is used (often) only on horizontal planes, which are limited by formwork on all sides. Most often this method is used in basements and utility rooms where there is a high risk of groundwater penetration, as well as in rooms with high humidity, for example, baths, saunas, bathrooms, rooms with pools, and so on.

Less often, but still takes place, protection from the effects of water in this way foundations various buildings. In this case, they fall asleep under a concrete screed special formulations, which serve not only to retain moisture and prevent its penetration into the premises, but also protect the foundation from destruction under the influence of groundwater.

Materials used for backfill insulation

To backfill various surfaces and reliably protect them from the harmful effects of moisture, various powder, fibrous, granular or granular compositions are used. Such materials can be:

• betonite;
• perlite sand;
• glass wool and mineral wool;
• Styrofoam;
• ash or slag.

Each of these materials has its place in modern construction. They serve as a reliable insulator from increased moisture, and are also a good insulating material.

The backfill method of waterproofing a plane has a number of advantages that even professional finishers and builders note:

1. Low cost.
   Materials for this type of insulation are relatively cheap and available to anyone in most construction markets.
2. Ease of installation.
   Anyone can handle the installation of this waterproofing on your own without resorting to the help of professionals.
3. Reliability.
   The laid layer of the filling insulator according to the technology will reliably protect the surface from the harmful effects of moisture.
4. Durability.
   Such backfill will last for many years and will retain its operational properties in its original form for a long time.

Bulk method technology

First of all, based on the recommendations and a full study of the advantages and disadvantages of each of the proposed materials, we select the material for backfilling. Having decided, we calculate the required amount and go to the hardware store for shopping.

After cleaning the plane, the formwork is prepared, into which the selected material is then poured and carefully leveled with a rule and compacted, making the insulating “cushion” dense.

After compaction of the backfill material, a cement screed can be poured onto it, and then a topcoat can be laid, which will be reliably protected from moisture from the outside.

Mounted waterproofing is a process of protecting a part of a structure with the help of studded geomembranes made of polymer fabric, metal or other modern materials, which are assembled into a monolithic water-impervious plane during installation.

This waterproofing method is an excellent way to protect foundations, basements, basements, concrete floors, garages, etc. Moisture, falling on the surface of the installed membrane, condenses on the studded layer and is removed to the outside, from where it enters the drainage system.

History of appearance

The first way, representing a mounted waterproofing, was cardboard sheets, between which a clay layer was attached. After installation and moisture on the insulating layer, the cardboard gradually decomposed. Leaving only a dense layer of clay, which reliably protects the structure from moisture.

Thus, mounted waterproofing was used until recent years, until modern studded membranes were made and applied from the most dense and durable modern materials.

• creates a barrier that prevents subsidence of the structure;
• speaks protective layer from capillary water;
• becomes a reliable protective barrier of the structure from the harmful effects of atmospheric phenomena.

Shields for this method of waterproofing are made of metal, polymers, and in last years Popularity is gaining modern material glass composite. And, as you know, these are the most durable materials that can withstand heavy loads.

This type of waterproofing is used extremely rarely, as a rule, in especially difficult cases when no other type of waterproofing is suitable for performing the functions superimposed on the insulating layer.

Mounting technology

The installation of insulating boards is a multi-stage procedure, all points of which are mandatory:

• preparation of the surface of the protected plane, cleaning from dust and dirt, degreasing;
• isolation of the membrane from interaction with bituminous materials, fats and solvents, polystyrene, mounting foam and polystyrene;
• at the joints, fillets are arranged using the device of another layer of compensation tape;
• installed panels are mounted with an overlap, fastening the seams using hot welding;
• necessarily the device of the drainage system and backfilling with soil.

It should be noted that the installed waterproofing can not only protect the structure from the harmful effects of precipitation and groundwater, but also prevents the movement of the foundation of the building being isolated, preventing also destructive mechanical actions on it.

The insulating membranes are extremely durable and perfectly protect the insulated surface. Installation of this type of insulation is used only in cases where the use of another method of waterproofing is simply impossible.

It can be noted that this species waterproofing has a fairly high cost, but protection against moisture at the same time is at a high level.

Until the middle of the 20th century, materials that protect against moisture were not used during construction in Russia. This sounds extremely implausible, given the fact that the climate is too humid throughout the country, and even in many places there are heavily flooded parts of the land. Now, with the advent of foreign construction technologies, the use of anti-condensation films is becoming a fundamental requirement.

When equipping the under-roof space, waterproofing becomes the main necessity, as it helps to keep the interior of the dwelling dry. Many manufacturers guarantee unsurpassed quality, however, the long-term operation of its operation depends on the competent choice of moisture-resistant material.

Modern technologies, in turn, have replaced films with membranes that have the same structure - their main difference is in the use of the latest production methods. The correct choice of moisture-resistant material depends on many factors, which include:

1. UV resistant.
2. Operating period.
3. Water pressure resistant.
4. Various mounting methods.
5. Price-quality ratio.
6. Vapor permeability.

There are a few things to consider when purchasing film. Depending on external or domestic use, manufacturers reward it with the ability to endure ultraviolet rays. However, sellers most often do not explain such nuances and you can unknowingly take waterproofing High Quality for exterior finish with increased sensitivity to sunlight, from which it will quickly become worthless.

In order not to reconstruct the roof every five years, it is necessary to purchase a durable film, in which wear-resistant components are added. Heavy rain showers can severely damage the selected material, so the water column resistance parameter must be taken into account.

Depending on the base put under the film, two possible types can be considered: built-up and mechanically laid.

The first is ideal for the roof of a complex structure, the only omission may be poor tightness at the seams. The second option is attached by any available means and fits perfectly on any material.

Popular manufacturers often seek to overestimate the cost of goods. For reasons of economy, you should look for a new manufacturer on the market with good performance quality that will be acceptable in relation to the price. The advantages of anti-condensation waterproofing film are:

• increased resistance to UV radiation;
• the presence of moisture-absorbing material;
• fire resistance;
• strength.

Such a film practically does not allow water vapor to pass through and is suitable for mounting. metal roof. All joints and points of contact with ventilation outlets or chimneys must be carefully insulated to protect the roof from further leakage.

Everyone wants to build a strong and beautiful house that will delight his family with warmth and comfort for a long time. Particular attention in the construction of housing must be given to waterproofing, which is the guarantor of the normal operation of the building, as well as increasing its reliability and durability.

- this is the protection of building structures and buildings from exposure to moisture, as well as other environmental factors that harm them. Since this process is very important in any construction, it is necessary to pay special attention to the choice of waterproofing material.

It should be remembered that, as waterproofing and waterproofing material prevent the penetration of moisture into building structures, so they must be: waterproof, elastic, heat-resistant and mechanically strong.

In addition, the waterproofing material must be qualitatively and reliably attached to the base, and withstand serious water pressure, and wind and other mechanical loads.

It has a limited period of effective protection, which is associated with the mode of operation, the quality of insulation and the presence of interaction with an aggressive environment.

The use of high-quality waterproofing and its timely repair will make the house warmer, more comfortable and significantly extend the life of the structures.

The foundation is the foundation of any structure. The quality of operation and the durability of the whole house depend on its strength. The foundation can be in direct contact with precipitation and groundwater, which leads to its destruction or subsidence. Moisture absorbed by the plinth penetrates the walls and floor, causing mold and mildew, which negatively affects human health. To prevent such problems, foundation waterproofing is used. It will prevent water from entering the basement of the building, which will keep it for many years. In addition, timely at the stage of building a house will save you from further costly and time-consuming repair of the basement.

There are several ways to protect the foundation from moisture. This process depends on several factors: the depth of groundwater, the strength of frost heaving, and the characteristics of the soil. The most common type of basement protection against moisture is horizontal foundation waterproofing. It is produced at the lowest point under the basement and at the connection of the basement and the wall. All work boils down to the fact that a layer of sand (20-30 cm) is filled up and rammed to the bottom of the pit and poured with concrete (5-7 cm). After the concrete has completely dried, it is coated with mastic and covered with roofing material. Then the main layer of concrete is poured, on top of which mastic and roofing material are again laid.

Another way to protect the base from moisture is vertical foundation waterproofing. Builders use a wide variety of materials. The most practical and affordable is bitumen waterproofing of concrete. Hot bituminous mixture is applied to the foundation with a brush in several layers and brought to a total thickness of 3-5 cm. The warranty period of such insulation is 5 years, but with the help of modern bitumen-polymer additives it can be significantly extended.

A good result of waterproofing is demonstrated by gluing materials. The most common is roofing material, which is mounted using bituminous mastic. However, it can be replaced by more modern analogues with excellent waterproofing properties.

Highly important element support of warmth and comfort in the house is the floor. He gets more greater value when there are small children in the house. To avoid the problems of dampness, fungus or rotting of wooden boards, it is necessary to waterproof the floor. There are several options for protecting the floor from moisture.

Liquid floor waterproofing is a cast or impregnating protection. Cast is used to prepare the work surface before pouring concrete screeds. It is a smooth waterproof film formed as a result of flooring with polymer or bituminous solutions. Impregnating liquid waterproofing is the use of polymer impregnations and primers that penetrate the floor to a certain depth or freeze on its surface.

Pasting materials can also be a good protection for the floor from moisture. Specialists conditionally divide pasting waterproofing into three types: simple roll protection flooring (often without fastening) for any type of floor; attaching the material to the floor surface using a gas burner; gluing rolled insulation on the floor base using special glue or mastic.

It can be carried out by staining or smearing its surface. A variety of mastics, as well as varnishes and paints, are applied to the prepared site. In this case, a sufficiently thin waterproof layer is obtained, which has anti-corrosion and anti-fungal protection.

- This necessary condition each dwelling, able to save heat in the house and guarantee protection against fungus and mold. Besides this process does not require special skills, which allows it to be produced by a person who does not have a construction education.

The basement in a private house or garage has always been the place where a strategic supply of food is stored, arranged gym or armory. For these purposes, constant humidity is necessary, however, its excess can lead to rotting, mold and fungus on the walls of the basement. That's why basement waterproofing is a responsible matter both at the construction stage and later. There are several types of basement protection from excess moisture.

Anti-pressure waterproofing is a protection against groundwater, which lie close to the floor or at the level of the walls of the basement. To create it, slurry solutions are used in several layers. In this case, it is important to use a mastic based on polymer bitumen between the layers of the solution.

Non-pressure waterproofing serves to prevent water from entering the basement, which is collected after rain or snow melt, as well as during floods. In this case, it is not so much the protection of the floor of the room that comes to the fore, but its walls and ceiling. For their isolation, bituminous mastics are actively used, which have proven themselves from a very good side. Anticapillary waterproofing designed to protect against moisture rising through the capillaries up through the floor and walls. Penetrating waterproofing agents, as well as the elimination of cracks and seams, will help to provide this type of protection.

What happens? Find out now!

Basement waterproofing must be carried out during the construction of the premises, paying special attention to external circumstances (soil features, temperature, groundwater depth). In this case, you can use both external and internal waterproofing, which will double the desired effect.

Penetrating waterproofing

In construction, concrete is often used, which is a waterproof material, but, as practice shows, it is permeable. Penetrating waterproofing contributes to the protection concrete structures from moisture and further damage.

The principle of operation of this waterproofing is quite simple. A special waterproofing agent is diluted with water and applied to the wall surface. Getting into microcracks and pores of concrete, the active composition of the substance reacts with cement, forming crystals that clog channels and cracks. As a result of the interaction, the crystals grow, displacing water. Moreover, with the reappearance of moisture, their growth resumes. Thus, concrete becomes a monolithic stone that does not allow moisture to pass through, which will significantly extend its service life.

Penetrating action is one of the most effective defenses from moisture. It is not hazardous to human health and is used for both underground and surface structures. In addition, it is used to impregnate old and new concrete. The resulting coating is integral with the structure, perfectly strengthens concrete and is not amenable to mechanical stress.

- where is it applied?

Another advantage of this waterproofing is ease of use. It is applied with a conventional spatula or brush. Versatility allows it to be used for external and internal work.

Represents cast or impregnating protection. Cast waterproofing is used to prepare the work surface before pouring concrete screeds. It is a waterproof film formed as a result of coating the surface of the structure with a polymer or bituminous solution.

Impregnation liquid waterproofing is the use of polymer impregnations and primers that penetrate to a certain depth or harden on the surface.

The main advantage of this type of protection is its small thickness of a few millimeters. However, the service life of liquid waterproofing is small, and is about 5 years.

Injection is used to protect concrete structures and brick walls from atmospheric action. The whole process consists in introducing special liquid fillers into the wall, which fill the existing voids and cracks. After solidification, a monolithic structure is created, fastened from the inside, and preventing further destruction.

Prices for waterproofing works in 2017
Moscow and Moscow region

	Name of works	Unit.	Price