Hydraulic isolation of walls outside and inside. What is the best way to process concrete or brick walls for good waterproofing outside and inside the room How to properly glue waterproofing on walls

To extend the life of the house, it is necessary to completely protect its structures from moisture. Water, penetrating inside the walls, contributes to the destruction of the structure of the materials from which they are made. And it doesn’t matter if the building has brick, concrete or wooden surfaces, they all equally need hydroprotection.

Proper wall waterproofing, made from inside or outside the house, will protect surfaces from the negative effects of precipitation, reduce the level of freezing of materials during the cold period, thereby making the home warmer.

Outside or inside?

It is better to protect the dwelling from water in a complex way: the waterproofing of the walls must be carried out on the outer areas of the building and its inner surfaces. In the absence of external waterproofing, mold and dampness are guaranteed to appear in the dwelling. In order for the protection to be complete, the foundation must be treated with compounds both from the outside and from the inside: the basement is in contact with the ground on both sides.

The complexity of the implementation of external hydroprotection lies in the fact that this type of work must be carried out at the stage of building construction. If it has already been built, then the waterproofing of the walls requires excavation of the foundation.

It is good if the building is surrounded by earth. But most often asphalt paths are laid around it. It will be necessary to dismantle them, dig a trench in the ground along the foundation, make a hydroprotection, then bury the trench and again pave the area around the house with asphalt.

Therefore, waterproofing the outer walls of an already built building will be expensive. In this case, it is better to carry out such work from the inside.

Types of insulation and materials used

Hydroprotection can be horizontal and vertical. The first is carried out at the stage of building a house by laying roofing material on the foundation, then they begin to build walls.

The second is the use of certain materials on the outer walls of the building in order to isolate the foundation from groundwater.

For both waterproofing, certain materials are chosen.

The scope of their application is walls in the ground. The rolls consist of cardboard impregnated with bitumen. One of the sides is covered with quartz powder. The most commonly used roofing material, aquaizol, hydroisol. The last two are fiberglass mesh, also impregnated with bitumen. They are stronger and lighter than roofing material.

Roll insulation allows you to quickly process a significant surface of the foundation. Outside, the walls will be completely protected from moisture.

These waterproofing materials, with the help of which the vertical protection of concrete structures is carried out.

The advantages of mastics are good adhesion to the base, the formation of a monolithic sealed film. Under the influence of air temperature, these materials harden.

The disadvantage of inexpensive bituminous compounds is that the solvent exudes a strong odor.

Water-soluble mastics consist of fine dispersion bitumen and latex. They have excellent adhesion to concrete and brick substrates. Unlike solvent-based mastics, water-soluble formulations can be used on both dry and wet surfaces.

Hydro and vapor barrier of walls in the bathroom of an apartment or house is created using more modern mastics based on rubbers, various polymers and resins. They do not smell and are an environmentally friendly product.

Mastics of all kinds are applied with a roller or brush.

Today, the latest waterproofing materials are used to protect walls. What are penetrating (penetrating) compositions? These are dry mixes based on cement and quartz sand. Due to special polyurethane resins, they have special waterproofing properties. The compositions penetrate the porous structure of concrete walls, make the surface airtight, waterproof.

Penetrating mixtures are diluted with plain water, work with them with a brush and roller. The compositions are applied in 2-3 layers. They are usually used to protect surfaces from the inside of the building. Wall waterproofing using these materials can be done by hand, without the involvement of professionals.

Types of waterproofing

There are two ways to protect the outer and inner walls of buildings from moisture: coating and pasting.

Coating technology

Coating-type waterproofing compounds are used to treat the internal and external surfaces of the building. They do not allow capillary moisture to act on the walls. In the presence of a hydro-barrier with a pressure of up to 2 meters, the use of protection is possible under certain conditions:

• there should be no expansion joints on the walls;
• Subsequently, repairs can be carried out.

External waterproofing of walls involves the use of bituminous mastics, which are applied from the side most exposed to moisture.

Coating type compositions are applied in 2-4 layers.

Application

Having found out what it is, we will consider the technique of its use using the example of processing the external walls of a brick building with a concrete foundation.

First you need to dig out the walls of the base of the building, free them from the remnants of the earth.

After that, the surfaces are treated with a special primer mixture or building bitumen dissolved in gasoline (primer). This composition is applied with a brush or roller in two layers. The walls are allowed to dry completely. Then the surface is treated with mastic.

What to do if the material is too viscous? Gasoline or thinner will help thin it.
Seams of concrete blocks are carefully processed.

Bituminous waterproofing of walls must have a thickness of at least 3 mm. The product is used 2-3 times, allowing each layer to dry before applying the next.

Pasting principle

This is a rolled waterproofing that resists decay processes well. Only a combination of materials of pasting and coating types will reliably protect external and internal surfaces from moisture.

The insulation of external walls with the help of roll material also begins with their cleaning from dust, debris, and earth residues. After that, a primer is applied to the surface, 2-3 layers of bitumen-polymer mastic.

To fix the pasting materials, use a burner or a building hair dryer. The first layer is glued horizontally, starting at the foot of the foundation. The waterproofing strips are treated with a burner, pressed tightly against the surface, smoothed to remove air.

The overlap of the strips should be 15-20 cm. The second layer is fixed vertically, perpendicular to the first. Joints are carefully processed.

Internal protection

It is possible to prevent the penetration of moisture from the inside of the building with the help of penetrating mixtures. With their help, hydro- and vapor barrier of the walls in the apartment is carried out, the foundation is processed, the internal walls of the basements.

After cleaning the surface of the walls from dust and debris, they are moistened.

The waterproofing agent is diluted with water in accordance with the instructions on the package.
Wet surfaces are treated first horizontally. Allow the first layer to dry (3-4 hours). After that, the material is applied again, but already vertically.

After polymerization, the protective layer of the walls should be at least 2 mm. The thickness is checked as follows: a 2 × 2 cm square is cut out with a knife and a measurement is made using a caliper.

Wall waterproofing is an important stage in the construction of any building. It is not difficult to do it yourself, the main thing is to choose high-quality materials and apply them correctly.

Waterproofing is an important step in protecting walls

Wall waterproofing is an essential element in the overall complex of construction works. The penetration of moisture from the outside into the structures and dew on the internal surfaces of the building always brings a lot of harm. Moisture destroys the structure of building elements, promotes the development of mold and fungal formations. Moisture-soaked exterior surfaces of the house are most susceptible to destruction during the winter period. Water turns to ice and breaks the foundation of the walls. The waterproofing of the walls of the house must be of high quality. Sealing fences is done both inside and outside the house.

Sources of moisture

From the outside, moisture can penetrate into the building from groundwater, during floods, from precipitation. Poor thermal insulation of building envelopes can contribute to a sharp temperature drop on the surface of the walls inside the house. This causes dew to fall inside the dwelling.

Inside the building, the presence of moisture is observed in the basements, bathrooms and kitchens. Extensions to the building (garages, workshops, etc.) are also objects with a high level of humidity.

What is waterproofing for?

If the manifestation of the above negative phenomena is allowed, this will lead to the rapid destruction of the supporting structures of the building.

Waterproofing walls from the outside, as well as in the apartment or house itself, will ensure the safety of building structures for many decades.

Insulating coatings create a barrier to the penetration of moisture. Their main feature is hydrophobicity.

Types of insulating materials

Types of waterproofing in the construction market are represented by many varieties of insulating materials. It can be a liquid mastic or a film coating.

The most widespread use of materials as external waterproofing of walls was obtained by coatings from roofing material, roofing felts and bituminous mastic.

Bituminous mastic

Bitumen is one of the products of oil refining. Mastic serves as a means for gluing bituminous rolled materials, such as roofing felt and roofing material. This is a homogeneous mass of bituminous binder with the addition of an antiseptic - sodium silicofluoride.

Mastic is supplied in bars wrapped in paper weighing about 20 kg. It is consumed in a heated liquid state, bringing the heat up to 150 0 C.

Heating conditions permit the presence of open flames. When working with this material, fire safety rules must be strictly observed.

Bituminous mastic has high adhesion and firmly “sticks” to any surface. This universal property and the low cost of this substance make it one of the most attractive insulating materials.

Polymer mastics

In addition to bituminous mastic, there is a large selection of polymer-based coating materials. They are easily applied to the walls from the inside of the room with a spatula or brush. The mastic dries quickly (within a few hours), forming a plane with high adhesion.

This video demonstrates the use of such a mastic:

roofing felt and ruberoid

Roofing felt and roofing material - rolled insulating coatings designed for waterproofing building structures.

The basis of these coatings is technical cardboard impregnated with soft bituminous compositions. A distinctive feature of the roofing material is the presence on the outer side of the sprinkle of asbestos crumbs, talc and quartz sand. This is mainly done to protect the top layer of roofing material when laying it on the roof of the building.

Roofing felt and roofing material are “glued” to the walls with hot mastic. The resulting surface becomes a powerful barrier to moisture penetration. Thus, the waterproofing of the concrete walls of the foundations from the outside is done.

Waterproofing the exterior walls of a house with roofing material laid on bituminous mastic is considered one of the best options for protecting building structures from moisture.

Polyethylene film

Modern waterproofing materials include a wide variety of polymer coatings. They are mainly used indoors or in severe conditions of excessive humidity and for foundations, plinths and basement walls.

Polyethylene film is an indispensable material for waterproofing when performing many types of construction work. The film is completely waterproof, lightweight and durable. The thickness of the polyethylene coating can be from 0.5 to 3 mm.

Polyethylene wall covering is called a waterproofing membrane.

The film is very flexible, it is easy to lay on any surfaces of complex configuration. An important advantage of the material is its low cost.

When waterproofing the internal walls, the bases of the fences are covered with a film, followed by the installation of a polymer or metal mesh under the plaster.

The basement walls and the outer surfaces of the basement walls are also covered with polyethylene film.

polymer coating

There are insulating materials based on complex polymer compounds. Rolled material is laid on the walls on special adhesive compositions.

Injection waterproofing

These tools include various primers. They are penetrating. The liquid applied to the surface of the wall penetrates into the depth, filling microcracks and pores. This forms a waterproofing layer.

Penetrating insulating compounds clog the capillary pores of the array. Such tools are used for monolithic and prefabricated reinforced concrete structures.

Gypsum putty walls

Plastered surfaces with gypsum mixture become absolutely waterproof. Gypsum, when dried, in addition to creating a surface with high adhesion, also serves as a waterproofing of walls from the inside against mold.

Location of the insulation

The wall waterproofing device can be horizontal and vertical.

vertical

This is a common method of waterproofing a wall in an apartment and on the outside of a house. Vertical wall insulation prevents moisture from penetrating into the room in a horizontal direction.

Horizontal

The purpose of the horizontal insulation device is to prevent the penetration of moisture into the premises from below, from the subgrade.

It is arranged by laying rolled materials on top of the foundation and basement before erecting the walls of the building. The upper horizontal surface of the foundation is covered with 2 layers of rolled waterproofing (roofing material, roofing felt or polymer membrane). Ground moisture tends to spread upwards and penetrates into the structure of the ground structures of the building.

Horizontal waterproofing becomes an insurmountable obstacle to the penetration of moisture from the bottom up.

Preparing walls for waterproofing

The whole point of preparing surfaces before any coating is to remove everything unnecessary from the walls. The remains of the old cladding, the influx of various solutions, dust and dirt - all this can contribute to the delamination of the insulating coating.

In different cases, the cleaning of the vertical planes of the premises is carried out with various hard brushes and spatulas. It happens that you have to use a sandblasting installation. In general, there are many options for preparing the base of the walls. The main thing is to achieve complete cleaning of surfaces.

Features of insulation when insulating rooms

When the walls of an apartment or a private house are insulated, it is imperative to arrange a waterproof coating of vertical fences. Roll materials are glued to the base of the walls before installing thermal insulation.

Insulation is a hygroscopic material, so a waterproof layer is especially important. Otherwise, the insulating layer will get wet and lose its properties. Raw materials are subject to fungus and mold infestation.

Features of waterproofing foundations and basement walls

The strength and durability of the building foundation depends on how the waterproofing of the outer surface of the foundation walls is done.

Before starting work, the quality of the concrete surface of the foundation is checked. If necessary, all cracks and chips in concrete are sealed.

If the foundation consists of precast concrete blocks, then the seams are sealed with cement mortar.

Surfaces are covered with hot bituminous mastic. From above, the material is covered with pieces of rolled roofing material or a polymer membrane. Roofing material coating is performed in two layers with a bituminous layer.

The inner surfaces of foundation structures are often basement walls. They are covered with both rolled materials and treated with liquid formulations.

To prevent moisture in the basement from passing from the floor to the walls, a roll of insulating material is laid on the base of the underground room. In places where the walls meet the floor, a layer of liquid clay (clay castle) is laid.

Moisture can be in one case a source of life, and in another case cause destructive phenomena. Dry structures of buildings and structures provide an almost unlimited service life of the entire building. Waterproofing is the guarantor of this.

What to do when mold constantly appears and the wall gets wet? To solve this problem, wall waterproofing is best suited, but what material and method to use?

We reveal the secret why it is impossible without wall waterproofing

Ordinary water creates big problems for residents of houses or apartments. Water comes from the ground, after rain into basements or flows from the ceiling along the walls from sloppy neighbors who do not monitor their own plumbing and sewer systems. It happens that there is no water at first sight, but mold and fungus spread, which confirms the presence of excessive moisture in the walls.

These cases are very common, and a mistake in the construction of buildings is to blame for everything. Previously, they saved on waterproofing the necessary places at home. This often happens even now. Such savings lead to the above problems with which people suffer for years.

What is waterproofing

Problem areas need to be waterproofed. These include:

• bathrooms;
• kitchens;
• basements;
• ground floors;
• roof;
• weak walls in terms of insulation.

For implementation, special materials and technologies are used. First, let's understand what waterproofing is.

Waterproofing - protection of any structures and structures from moisture penetration. This means that applying a protective layer prevents the appearance of mold and unexpected influx of water, which protects against unplanned repairs and saves money.

Features of the application of the method

Building waterproofing mixtures differ in their features of use and composition. At the same time, they are divided into several types according to the following criteria:

1. By type of material: rolled (film, roofing materials), powder (construction dry mixes), liquid.
2. By chemical composition: polyethylene, cement, bitumen, rubber, acrylic, PVC materials, silicone (silicon).
3. According to the method of implementation: sealing, penetrating, coating, membrane.

As you can see, waterproofing has a lot of types, each of which has its own characteristics of operation outside and inside the premises.

outside buildings

When applying waterproofing, it is very important to take into account the air temperature and the amount of sunlight on the base. Mixtures are used at temperatures from +50C to 350C. Excessive sunlight adversely affects the applied powder or liquid waterproofing, as it causes the water to evaporate from the solution very quickly. As a result of the hydration reaction, the composition will not gain the declared characteristics and will not be able to perform its functions. Therefore, the workplace must be protected from solar radiation.

The main distinguishing feature of facade waterproofing materials is the presence of such a characteristic as frost resistance. This indicator is measured in freeze and thaw cycles. The material is considered frozen when the negative temperature is below the operating temperature indicated in the marking.

Indoors

The main indicator for internal use is environmental friendliness and fire safety. Therefore, PVC, bitumen, rubber materials are not recommended for indoor use. Sometimes they cause allergic reactions.

There is also one important feature of the use of waterproofing in rooms, which our builders forget about. Any powder and liquid formulations perfectly protect against moisture penetration on the plane, but do not work well in the corners. Therefore, at the junctions of vertical and horizontal surfaces treated with insulation, a special membrane tape with an elastic non-penetrating gasket in the middle should be used.

What waterproofing materials exist: varieties, how to treat moisture from the outside and inside

Let us consider in more detail the above types of waterproofing in terms of scope and method of application.

Sealing

Sealing waterproofing is not quite the right phrase. It is correct to call the means of this category sealant or joint waterproofing. It is used when it is necessary to isolate the junction of two objects, if the distance between them is up to 2 cm. An example is the junction of a wall and a sink or bathroom. For these purposes, acrylic and silicone formulations are used, which are most often made in tubes up to 300 ml. The silicone seam can be up to 5 mm, and the cavity is sealed up to 2 cm with acrylic.

Waterproofing a pool or shower stall is also an example of the use of sealants. As a grout for tile joints, it is recommended to use colored silicones. They protect the adhesive from moisture ingress, which increases the life of the entire wall.

Sealant is a universal wall waterproofing when the application area is very small. In addition, these compounds have high adhesion and are often used as adhesive for decorative panels in places with humidity above 60%.

Thermal waterproofing

There is a concept of heat-insulating waterproofing of walls. But this is not entirely true. The composition of waterproofing mixtures does not include minerals that increase the resistance to heat penetration. However, these mixtures and materials are used in insulation systems that include several layers:

• leveling (if necessary);
• waterproofing (if necessary);
• insulation (glue + insulation);
• protective (breathable);
• decorative.

Depending on the place of application, the layers may change places. As a waterproofing layer are used:

• film membranes, if a ventilated facade and a roof are being created;
• cement - when creating a plastered facade;
• bituminous, rubber - used in basement and roofing.

Anti-corrosion

There are anti-corrosion waterproofing mixtures. In their composition, the basis, as a rule, is bitumen. But it makes no sense to use such a composition for waterproofing walls, since only metals are subject to corrosion.

However, when the bodies of former trailers, change houses, buses or trolleybuses are used as country houses. In this case, the use of only such waterproofing will extend the life of the dwelling and protect it from destruction.

Coating wall waterproofing

A universal type and method is coating waterproofing. It is used for waterproofing walls in bathrooms, kitchens, showers, swimming pools, water tanks inside and outside buildings. To implement the method, one- or two-component cement, acrylic, silicon compositions and crystal-forming liquids are used.

Cheap alternative materials suitable for outdoor use

Some of the above methods and materials are often quite expensive and become inaccessible to the consumer. In these cases, you can use a cheap alternative - liquid glass and mixtures with its addition.

The characteristics of the mixture with liquid glass are much inferior to finished products. But this option can be used as a temporary one to save money and do everything right.

What is waterproofing

Depending on the type of waterproofing, it is applied with different tools.

On a brick wall

For a brick wall, silicon-based compositions are recommended. For their application, a maklovitsa is used, but to save time, a fleecy or foam rubber roller is used.

If a different type of waterproofing is used for the wall, then it is advisable to level it in advance with a starting or universal plaster. After that, coating waterproofing is carried out in the same way or with a smooth spatula.

When using membranes, it is not recommended to use hardware, so as not to form holes in the film. Over time, these holes become cold bridges and lead to the formation of mold and mildew. Therefore, the plastic film is glued to a special rubber tape or to high-quality double-sided tape.

Inside the apartment

From the inside, cement or acrylic-based coating waterproofing is used. It is applied with a spatula or brush.

The method is implemented as follows:

• I mix the cement composition with water or a special solution to a semi-liquid state. The finished product is first applied to the surface in vertical stripes over the entire area.
• After the first layer has dried, the second is applied perpendicular to the first, i.e. horizontal stripes.
• When using the composition in heavily watered environments, for example, pools, shower trays make a third layer, which is applied up to 5 mm thick, as a finishing putty.

concrete walls

Concrete walls are a special base, as they do not absorb moisture and have a smooth surface. This reduces the adhesion of some building mixtures. Because of this, when applying cement and acrylic waterproofing, it is first necessary to apply an adhesive primer, called concrete contact.

When waterproofing concrete structures of a heavy profile, such as underground tunnels of subway crossings, collectors or parking lots, in the presence of flooded soils, it is recommended to use a penetrating crystallizing waterproofing.

This species is sold in buckets with a capacity of 5 liters and has the appearance of a clear liquid. It is applied to the base with a brush and penetrates deep into the base by 5-10 mm. During operation, water seeps through, which reacts with waterproofing crystals and provokes their growth. As a result, all microcracks are clogged and a monolithic waterproof wall is obtained.

How long does the coating last

Different types of waterproofing have their own service life.

The cement mixture serves no more than 15 years on the facade of the building with periodic watering, and indoors it will last up to 20 years. Some manufacturers claim that their mixtures are ready to be used for 25 years on the outside of buildings.

Acrylic compositions are recommended for indoor use, where they are ready to serve no more than 20 years.

Penetrating waterproofing is the most durable, as it is used as much as a concrete base.

Polyethylene and fabric membranes are used for no more than 10-15 years, after which they need to be replaced.

Bituminous waterproofing materials are considered less durable. Depending on the watering, they deteriorate after five years, but in some cases they serve up to 10 years.

The use of waterproofing is a necessity in all cases of the presence of water moisture. Depending on the amount of excess liquid that appears, simple and cheap materials (cement, acrylic, silicone) can be used, but with greater watering, more expensive penetrating concrete insulation should be used.

Useful video

Every house and every building needs to be protected from the effects of rain and surface water. During heavy rains, the walls get wet, and moisture passes through them. Getting into the room through small capillaries, dampness spoils the interior decoration, and any good repair turns into an unusable coating.

If the walls are sewn up with lamberia, then at first the penetration of dampness is imperceptible, and in those places the room is not ventilated and dried, and this threatens to form a fungus that will destroy everything around, the walls will acquire a smell that cannot be removed and black spots. These moldy places infect everything around and are dangerous for the respiratory tract, causing allergic reactions in a person, constant fatigue and heavy breathing. To avoid unpleasant consequences, the walls must be waterproofed from the inside and outside.

Several options have been developed that will help isolate the surface from the effects of dampness and prevent it from entering the room. In addition, in the sanitary rooms there is increased moisture in the air, due to the frequent use of water, washing and drying clothes. These rooms are processed more carefully to avoid fungal manifestations. Also, basement rooms and in the basement require additional protection. Since these rooms are subject to water attack from the outside, during rains and snowmelt. For hydraulic isolation from the inside, three methods of work are usually used, coating, gluing and penetrating.

Methods of work with hydraulic isolation from the inside

Coating method

This method is the use of mastic, which is used to treat the entire surface with a brush. Before starting work, you need to thoroughly clean the entire working area, remove dust and debris, close up recesses and cracks, let them dry, and then you can start. First, corners and joints are processed if the concrete walls are made of large blocks. Mastic is applied in one layer on the surface, well smeared.

A reinforcing mesh or material is glued on top and smoothed to the treated part with a brush. A second layer of mastic is made on top of the glued material. While this part dries, it is applied to all other parts of the walls, ceiling and floor. Mastics consist of their bituminous solution with the addition of polymer components to it, which makes them plastic.

The finished walls are left to dry for 3-4 hours, after which the second final layer is applied, which is rolled across the first. You should not forget to process the surface around the outlet of the pipes and seal the space around with a cut-out piece of fabric with a hole for the outlet. With the coating option, a fairly strong protection is achieved, but not durable. Additionally, you will have to check and process the passing balls in 3 years.

pasting method

The pasting option is made only in the basement and outside. Roofing material and roofing felt are used for basements. Before starting work, as with other options for working with hydraulic insulation, the entire surface is cleaned of deposits and dust. If there are irregularities and roughness, these places are plastered. And if there are irregularities on the floor, a screed is made.

All work can begin after complete drying of the concrete solution. Bituminous mastic is used for the first layer. For quick application, ready-made is bought, and if desired, it is made on its own. To do this, bituminous bars are taken and heated to a liquid state, after which they are applied to the walls while hot. After that, a roll is taken and rolled from top to bottom, while under the adhesive surface, the mastic is heated by a gas burner and only then the roofing material is glued. Everything needs to be well pressed.

The next strip is located with an overlap of 15 cm, and it is desirable that the part that will be located under the overlap be lubricated with bituminous mastic. Then the adhesion of one layer to another will be stronger. So row after row is located in the vertical version. But there are several disadvantages when choosing this method. Water can flow along the joints, they cannot be tightly glued to each other.

To avoid such troubles, horizontal waterproofing of the walls is carried out. With it, the location of the pieces of roofing material is not from top to bottom, but horizontally. The bottom layer is positioned so that the bend falls in place of the corner. The next one is glued on top with an overlap of 15 cm, and so on each layer. With this arrangement, it is harder for water to get inside, since it will not be able to rise from the bottom up and leak. This option is more suitable for economical isolation.

Penetrating insulation

A penetrating version of hydraulic isolation most often used by builders. This is a holistic protection of the structure, in which it is impossible for moisture to penetrate through a continuous layer. This insulation option uses liquid rubber, which, by its composition, has the ability to penetrate and crystallize in the capillaries of concrete, creating a single whole with it. It is applied to a well-cleaned surface with a spray bottle. When sprayed, it penetrates deeply into the middle, displacing droplets of water and air, filling all possible voids. Such insulation does not allow moisture to enter the room, but allows air to circulate freely, which maintains a good microscopic flora in the room.

Wall waterproofing from the outside

Wall waterproofing from the outside is carried out in the last two ways, which were described above. But additional steps are being taken. To protect the hydraulic layer from mechanical influences and wall insulation, a heater or foam should be placed on top, which is subsequently sheathed with building material that will be on the surface, and if part of the base is under the ground, then earth or sand will press the foam to the wall.

Waterproofing brick walls is slightly different from concrete. The masonry is cleared of protruding parts of brick, plaster and whitewash with painting. It is washed so that there are no impurities. The seams between the bricks expand up to 5 mm deep. All sagging of the masonry mixture is removed. The joints at the seams between the ceiling and walls, as well as the floor, are expanded to 2 cm and cleaned, and then washed.

If a fungal infection is present, these areas are treated with mold-killing compounds such as Gambit Antiseptic. Further, the entire wall is soaked with water until the brick and masonry mixture are completely impregnated. Wetting should be done one day after treatment with an antiseptic. You can check the sufficiency of getting wet with your palm 15 minutes after the water treatment, if the palm is wet, then everything is done correctly.

If there is a leak, then this part is treated with a Gambit hydroseal. The mixture is applied to the leaking surface with a glove and smeared tightly. A dry powder is taken, a ball is made in the form of a snowball, the place of the breakthrough is plugged and strongly pressed. Within the next hour, this place needs to be treated with a waterproofing compound.

Corners and seams are primed with Gambit SuperPro liquid mixture, diluted to the consistency of milk. Then wait 20 minutes and process the joints with a sand-cement mortar. If there are large recesses, the solution is applied in layers, for better setting. Then a mesh is attached to the brick wall with dowels, over which a mixture of hydraulic insulation is applied. After 2-3 days, constantly moisten the treated surface with water so that the composition settles and the insulation is strong.

Work materials

Wall waterproofing material is provided by companies with a wide choice, and it is necessary to buy it in accordance with the chosen processing method and taking into account the surface on which it will be applied. It all depends on the budget that can be spent on protection.

An economical, but labor-intensive option is processing with rolled building materials. This is a lengthy job that will take at least a week, but you can do everything yourself without resorting to the help of construction workers. Also, the treatment of walls with coating mastics can easily be done by one person.

The main thing is not to miss the correct processing of corners and gluing fabric on them. One person can also handle liquid glass insulation. During operation, it is advisable to use rubber gloves and a respirator. The more times the walls are coated with glass, the deeper it penetrates into the base and the more impenetrable and harder the concrete becomes.

Work using liquid rubber is best left to professionals, as equipment is needed that will warm up and spray it onto the surface. This option is more expensive, but a continuous coating will allow you not to think about dampness in the basement and basement for a long time.

Stages of waterproofing

Waterproofing of external walls should be carried out in stages. Before proceeding with this work, everything must be done to drain groundwater from the foundation and basement. To do this, a channel is dug at a distance of half a meter from the wall, into which a clay slope is made, so that water from the wall flows along the clay into a laid drainage pipe, which will drain excess water into the well. The pipe is placed with a solid base down, and holes up. Water flows from the ground through these holes. From above, the drainage is covered with water-conducting compounds, sand or fine gravel, and in no case with clay. From above, a coating of concrete or paving slabs is subsequently made.

The part that will be underground is well processed with compounds that will not let water through and will not saturate the concrete. The waterproofing of the wall in the ground is carried out by this method. Of course, again, the option is chosen cheaper or better. Considering that the cheap option will need to be redone in 3 years, then after calculating the cost of a new repair, it is better to focus on quality. In addition, it is not an option to dig again.

Therefore, it is better to apply a membrane for waterproofing. Work for this begins before laying the drainage. Since the membrane will need to be positioned so that it is on that part of the wall that will go into the ground and roll up along the clay leading to the drainage and slip under the pipe. Then there will be complete protection against water ingress under the house, and the entire area will be dry. The upper part is attached to the wall with fastener washers that come with the membrane. It is made of polyethylene material of special strength, which will not allow water flows to penetrate either from below or from above.

Another work option

Another option can be considered the use of penetrating hydraulic insulation, which will protect the wall under the ground from impregnation with water masses. But the part that will go to the drainage will not be processed. There you will need to install a clay castle, through which the water will leave the building.

On the cleaned surface from dust and dirt, a primer is applied in two or three layers, which is thicker at the joints. That is, first you will need to process all the connections and glue the mesh or canvas, then you should go through the penetrating primer.

Usually, in the middle of the room, with penetrating hydraulic insulation, the web is not glued to the corners, but it is desirable to do it outside. This will not allow cracks to form at the joints and will not allow water to enter the middle of the building. After all, a newly built house shrinks during the first three years and, depending on the underlying soil, it will be uniform or not. Even placing a crushed stone cushion under the building cannot ensure uniform subsidence. Therefore, gaps may occur at the junctions.

Now, concrete slabs are usually used for the foundation and plinth, which are stronger than the poured foundation. But there are connections between them too. They are stacked in a checkerboard pattern, which allows the building to be more stable. And each of the connections must be cleaned and processed. Often, bituminous mastics are used for joints, which do not need to be heated, they are sold ready-made and applied with a spatula to the joints.

The most important part is the bottom of the house, which will be located underground. After all, other parts can be repaired later. You also need to think about the insulation of this part of the house. It is best, after processing with any of the waterproofing materials, to place a foam plastic or other insulating material on top and make a pressure area. This is done so that the soil, when settling, does not pull the insulation with it, and when using liquid rubber for insulation or rolled materials, the soil does not pull them down and does not expose the wall.

It often happens that with the roll method of hydraulic insulation, the filled soil partially pulls together the roofing material glued to the bituminous mastic and places are formed into which water freely enters. Passing through the walls, it can destroy the foundation in one year. In addition, the first leaks will bring a fungal disease to your home, which is quite difficult to get rid of. A fungus, as you know, can destroy any coating in a year, and neither tile nor other material will save. Therefore, you need to calculate and think everything over in advance so as not to redo the same work a hundred times.

With horizontal placement of the roofing material, there is less likelihood of layers shrinking, and pressed from above with foam, it is completely protected.

In order for a residential building to last as long as possible, it is necessary to properly protect the walls of its basement from the damaging effects of groundwater, rain and moisture. Wall waterproofing prevents the concrete or brick wall from being soaked with moisture, which significantly reduces the level of freezing in winter and makes the house warmer. Wall waterproofing helps to protect the building from the negative effects of water, prevents the occurrence of harmful spores and fungi.

To prolong the life of the house, it is necessary to protect its structure from moisture. Water, penetrating the walls, contributes to the destruction of the materials from which they are made. And it doesn't matter what material the building is made of, they all need the same waterproof barrier.

Recently, underground space has been actively used, where excess moisture is also due to uneven ground pressure, shrinkage of walls and foundations. Penetrating into the basement, the water rises through an unprotected wall into the living room. To avoid these phenomena, you just need to waterproof the walls.

There are special rules for wall insulation - SNiP (regulatory documents that establish all the important requirements for waterproofing compounds, sealing compounds and technologies).

Waterproofing of external and internal walls is carried out by such materials:

Methods for protecting buildings from moisture

Methods for waterproofing civil and industrial buildings are classified according to the technology of application to the surface. You need to choose the most suitable method.

There are such methods:

• sticking;
• painting;
• lubricant;
• plaster;
• penetration;
• impregnation and other methods.

After testing various waterproofing methods, experts recommend impregnating surfaces exposed to moisture.

Insulation outside and inside

Home water protection is better integrated. Wall waterproofing should be carried out on the external sections of the structure and its internal surfaces. In the absence of an external waterproof layer in housing, mold and dampness are guaranteed. In order for the protection to be complete, the base should be treated with connections both outside and inside: on the ground floor with ground contacts on both sides.

The complexity of the implementation of external waterproofing lies in the fact that these works must be performed at the stage of building construction. If it is already built, waterproofing the walls requires excavation of the foundation.

If the building is surrounded by earth, it will need to be dismantled by digging trenches along the basement and making waterproofing, then burying the trenches again. Therefore, waterproofing the outer walls of an already built building will be expensive. Then it is better to conduct insulation from the inside.

In the modern market of materials for construction, there are many different means for the implementation of waterproofing.

The following popular types can be listed:

• bituminous mastic;
• sheet or roll material with impregnation;
• cement-polymer mixtures;
• rubber based hydrobarrier.

Do not use film materials based on polyethylene. Such materials used for waterproofing do not have sufficient vapor permeability, unlike those listed.

Need for external protection

External waterproofing needed primarily when building walls below zero, when there is a high risk of soil leakage, rain and melting water.

Do not allow groundwater to flow into the basement by hitting the stone wall. It is necessary to reduce the humidity in rooms and basements if the relative humidity exceeds 65%. Preventing the appearance of dampness in any room is necessary to avoid moisture condensation on the surface of the walls.

Autonomous wall waterproofing

For independent work, it is better to choose a combination of materials, such as bituminous mastic and any other rolled material impregnated with bitumen. It is in this combination that they will allow you to properly build waterproofing and ensure the durability of the protective and finishing layer of the room.

Wall waterproofing inside and out carried out in the following ways:

Although any structures require waterproofing, this issue remains the most relevant when it comes to a brick house. Brick is an affordable and popular building material that is characterized by a porous structure that absorbs water and destroys walls. This applies to both private and multi-storey buildings.

Moisture protection in a brick house

It is not surprising that brick buildings must be protected from moisture, and the sooner this is done, the better, since the brick immediately begins to absorb moisture from the environment. A waterproof layer that protects the surface of walls and ceilings is usually applied externally, but in some cases an integrated approach is taken when waterproofing materials are used. both inside and outside.

The most high-quality and effective version of insulation builders is a penetrating mixture that is used from the accessible side. These impregnations applied to the outer walls completely prevent moisture, creating an excellent water lock that is resistant to damage.

The preparation of a brick wall before applying the impregnation consists in thorough cleaning of dirt and dust, leveling the surface and repairing the areas. If cracks are found in the masonry, they must be closed. To perform the work you need a protective suit, gloves and a mask.

The primer is applied to the surface for better adhesion, after which a waterproofing composition is applied to the moistened surface. To do this, you can use a brush or roller. Usually the penetrating mixture is applied in several layers - in order to find out their number, read the instructions. Note that already at the stage of purchase it is necessary to choose a specific composition designed for your type of wall.

When carrying out waterproofing work in a high-rise building, pay special attention to air seams. If we are talking about a private house, then you will have to work hard: partially dig the foundation, clean it from the soil and apply a special primer, as well as waterproof the bitumen. Sometimes rolled materials are used, which strengthen the waterproofing material. Experts recommend planning insulation early in the construction phase.

The need for work inside

In every house, the temperature regime inside is necessarily different from the regime outside. In order to create a good comfortable environment in summer, we try to ventilate more, and in winter we turn on different heating.

As a result, moisture condensation occurs, especially on indoor surfaces. Probably, at least everyone, at least once, paid attention to wet wallpapers and windows, this can lead to various undesirable consequences:

1. Since most building materials are capable of absorbing moisture, this can severely shorten their lifespan.
2. Most of the main communications are made of metal, and therefore, in conditions of high humidity, they will be corrosive.
3. Over time, dampness begins to appear.
4. The microclimate is broken.
5. Mold starts to appear and it's not good for human health.

Thus, we can conclude that protection from moisture inside the room is just as necessary as outside.

Ensuring wall insulation from the outside

Vertical insulation of brick walls outside is to cover them with rolls. This is done to protect the foundation from the damaging effects of groundwater. For high-quality insulation of the walls of the house, not only the external waterproofing of the basement is needed, but also the internal one, since the lower floor also interacts with the soil.

First of all, you need to dig out the walls of the foundation and clean them well of debris. The cleaned surface should be treated with a special primer to ensure that the bitumen waterproofing is properly attached to the concrete blocks.

As a primer, you can use bitumen dissolved in gasoline. Such a mixture of professionals is called a primer and is designed to increase the adhesion of materials. The primer is applied with a roller or brush 2 times. After the walls have become dry, they can be smeared with organic solvent-based bituminous mastics.

If work is performed during the cold season, and the mastic has a high viscosity, it can be diluted with gasoline or thinner. The vertical insulation of the foundation walls is applied from the outside with a roller or brush. Particular attention is paid to the seams of concrete blocks. The thickness of the bituminous waterproofing must be at least 3 mm, so the material is applied 2-3 times with a time interval of 3-4 hours.

Bituminous waterproofing of external walls with mastic is not able to cope with groundwater on its own, therefore, waterproofing must be glued for protection. For gluing, use a gas burner. The first layer is glued in a horizontal direction starting from the base of the foundation.

The surface of the sheet and walls is heated with a torch, then pressed tightly, aligning the air bubbles. Further sheets of rolled waterproofing are glued with an overlap of 15–20 cm. It is very important that the insulation rises above ground level after falling asleep at least 200–300 mm.

The second layer of insulation - the roll is glued in a vertical direction, that is, transversely to the first layer. Particular attention is paid to gluing the parts, as a crack in them can cause water to get under the insulation. When the vertical outer insulation is completed, we proceed to the internal protection.

Moisture protection of basement walls or basement from the inside, as well as steam and insulation in the walls of the apartment is produced by a penetrating composition. The surface is cleaned of debris, dust and wetted with water. The dry mixture is diluted with water according to the instructions. The first layer of insulation is applied in a horizontal direction.

After 3-4 hours, a second layer is applied, but in a different direction. The total thickness of the insulation after polymerization must be at least 2 mm. To correctly check the thickness of the layer, it is necessary to cut a square of insulation with a 2x2 cm knife and measure the thickness. The internal insulation of the retaining walls will be done in the same way.

In order for the created waterproofing layer to perform its functions efficiently with your own hands, you can use materials based on cement-polymer mixtures. After all, if you use bitumen and bitumen-based materials, they can simply disappear over time - bitumen is a rather rare material. Particular attention should be paid to the corners and exit points of the pipes. They wear special cuffs. The corners between the walls and between the wall and the floor must be separately glued with a sealed waterproofing tape.

Before wall waterproofing the entire surface must be fixed. For reliability, you can make a reinforced mesh on which glue and ceramic tiles will adhere.