Foundation waterproofing - materials, technologies, tips. bituminous foundation waterproofing coating bituminous foundation waterproofing

Coating waterproofing of the foundation is used in cases where protection from capillary moisture is required, and the hydrostatic pressure does not exceed 0.1 MPa. Coating waterproofing is performed using bitumen or polymer mastics, which form a waterproof film on the foundation surface. As the main protection, coating technology is used for vertical waterproofing of the foundation. When performing coating materials are used as an additional waterproofing layer, since their strength is low.

Materials for coating waterproofing

The most common materials are bituminous, bitumen-polymer, rubber mastics, as well as primers for preparing the base, varnishes, paints and water-based emulsions. Purpose of mastics components:

• Bitumen is an oil product that allows you to create a water-repellent coating, black, with low ductility. It is used in dispersed form as part of emulsions, in melts or in solutions of organic solvents.
• Rubber is liquid rubber. Gives mastics plasticity, good adhesion, resistance to cracking during shrinkage of the building.
• Polymer fillers improve adhesion and penetrating ability, saturate the pores of the material. Contribute to the improvement of mechanical resistance.
• Solvents. They can be either organic, for example, white spirit, or water. Water-based coating waterproofing agents are used as the initial waterproofing of membrane films.

Mastics for coating waterproofing are both cold, ready-to-use, and hot - they are supplied in briquettes in the form of a viscous solid mass and require preheating to a temperature of 160-180 degrees Celsius.

Coating waterproofing technology

1. The surface of the foundation is cleaned from dust and dirt. Sharp protrusions, corners and edges must be rounded to a radius of at least 3 cm using a grinder, otherwise the mechanical pressure of the soil or structures will damage the waterproofing layer. If internal corners are to be coated, it is necessary to make triangular fillets - with their help, the pressure of the backfill on the waterproofing layer is reduced. Cracks and seams are expanded to a solid base, sealed with cement mortar. The shells are also covered with cement mortar - when coated, air remains in them, and after a while bubbles form, upon rupture of which the continuous waterproofing layer is broken.

   

   Step 1 - Preparing the Foundation Surface

2. To improve the adhesion of the waterproofing film to the base, so-called primers are used - primers designed for a specific type of coating. For bituminous mastics based on organic solvents, primers with the same type of solvent are used, for water-based emulsion compositions - water-soluble primers. The primer is applied to the base cleaned of dust with a roller, the corners are additionally smeared with a brush. Primer drying time usually does not exceed a few hours.

   

   Step 2 - Primer Application Process

3. Under bituminous and bitumen-polymer mastics, the first layer is applied with a quick-drying bituminous varnish, which provides good adhesion. Lacquer is applied with a brush, vertical strokes, or spraying, over the entire surface of the foundation. Waiting for it to dry completely.

   

   Step 4 - the process of applying quick-drying bituminous varnish to the foundation

4. Prepare the mask for application. Stir the one-component and, if necessary, dilute with an appropriate solvent. Two-component mastic is mixed according to the instructions on the package.

   

   Step 5 - the mastic mixing process

5. Apply the first layer of mastic with a wide brush, roller or spatula. The mastic is applied without gaps, carefully smearing the corners to form a solid and seamless coating. The direction of strokes is vertical. Similarly, two or three layers of mastic are applied, always waiting for the time for its complete curing. When performing work in sub-zero temperatures, the mastic must be slightly heated to improve its plasticity.

   

6. In the case of new buildings, it is necessary to reinforce the waterproofing to avoid damage during shrinkage. To do this, use fiberglass, fiberglass, sticking them on the first layer of mastic so that they are completely moistened with it. It is also necessary to reinforce with fiberglass corners, fillets, sharp protrusions with chamfered.

   

7. Bituminous mastic for hot application must be preheated to a temperature of 160-180 degrees in a metal container. Apply it with a spatula, leveling with a hard brush. Hot bituminous mastic is usually used for horizontal waterproofing of the foundation, where a thicker layer and a quick hardening of the bitumen layer are required.

   

8. After the mastics are completely dry, they proceed to or backfill the soil. For backfilling, sand without foreign inclusions should be used - they can damage the waterproofing layer. To reduce moisture stagnation near the foundation walls and reduce hydrostatic pressure in areas with a high level of groundwater, they are performed before backfilling.

Coating waterproofing is also used as an additional protection of the foundation and a sublayer for pasting waterproofing. In this case, the Foundation Surface Preparation is carried out in the same way, including rounding sharp corners and chamfering, fillets, as well as priming and varnishing or the first layer of mastic. Next is waterproofing.

Mastic and primer for additional protection are selected depending on the rolled material: for roofing materials with bituminous coating - mastic based on bitumen, for polymeric materials - water-soluble mastic based on rubber and dispersed petroleum products, since bitumen in relation to polymer coatings is an aggressive material and can cause their destruction. Also, it is impossible to use bituminous mastics based on organic solvents as an unprotected waterproofing before insulating the foundation with polystyrene foam and polystyrene. It is better to choose a polymer-based water-based composition or coat the waterproofing with a cement primer.

A type of coating waterproofing is waterproofing with cement-modified mortars. As you know, concrete is a porous material that easily absorbs moisture. The use of a mortar with a high content of cement of the highest grade and modifiers that fill pores and capillaries makes it possible to make concrete not only waterproof, but also chemically resistant to aggressive liquids. In addition, the surface of the material becomes very durable. These qualities of coating cement waterproofing determine the scope of its application - the foundations of buildings installed in areas with high humidity and the possibility of contact with aggressive groundwater. In addition, a layer of cement-based coating waterproofing plays the role of plaster for any finish coating: tiles, finishing stone, painting.

The construction of many facilities involves the use of concrete to obtain strong and durable structures. But these substances are not universal and can be destroyed by moisture. This phenomenon is due to the porous structure of the substance.

Solve this problem by applying various waterproofing materials. There are several ways to protect such materials, the environment of which should be distinguished by coating waterproofing. You can get acquainted with similar products on specialized sites, where experts will help you choose the best product option for you.

Peculiarities

Many structural elements of residential buildings or industrial buildings need to be protected from moisture. The main material for solving such problems is coating waterproofing. It is a liquid formulation that is applied to various surfaces. Products are made on the basis of special substances that, after solidification, can form not only a homogeneous, but also a sealed protective layer.

Most types of coating waterproofing are available in the form of liquids of various consistency and density.

All technical parameters are controlled according to special state standards. This allows you to guarantee high quality, reliability and versatility of the material.

The scope of waterproofing is quite wide, since various materials can be protected with these substances. Today, coating substances are used in several sectors of the national economy:

1. Construction. This is the main industry where waterproofing materials are found. With their help, various elements of buildings are protected, which minimizes the impact of moisture on them. In domestic conditions, coating solutions are increasingly used for waterproofing the walls of buildings or cellars. It is also used for processing piles or other building supports. But still, the classic option for using coating waterproofing is to protect foundations and roofs. Please note that a similar approach can be found in both domestic and industrial construction.
2. Metal surface treatment. In most cases, bitumen-based substances are used for such work. Coating waterproofing well protects the outer surfaces of car bodies, pipes (water, gas or oil pipelines) and other structures made of sheet steel or similar metals.

Advantages and disadvantages

Coating waterproofing is a widespread and affordable product. The popularity of its use is due to several advantages of this substance:

• Versatility. Products of this type can be applied to various types of surfaces. Liquid solutions easily cover not only concrete, stone, brick, but also metal bases.
• Minimum ground preparation. Before application, the surface should only be cleaned of dust or, if necessary, repair damage to the structure itself. Some mastics can even be applied to unprepared substrates.
• High quality protection. Liquids penetrate well into the structure of a solid material. At the same time, they form a sealed layer that is not so easy to damage. To improve such indicators, lubricants are sometimes applied to the bases in several layers. This guarantees reliable operation of the system for several years without the need for restoration or repair.

• Ease of installation. Even an untrained specialist will be able to cover the roof or foundation with the help of coating waterproofing. The process takes relatively little time, which gives a significant advantage over other methods.
• low cost. The availability of the product on the market makes it very popular. It should be noted a good ratio of price and quality, which other coating materials do not have.
• Plasticity and durability. The substances that cover the roofs are able to easily withstand various external climatic factors. The plastic structure of the material also contributes to the preservation of the original waterproofing properties. This is achieved due to the fact that substances easily expand or contract with changes in temperature. It should also be noted that some types of coating materials can withstand aggressive substances. This allows them to be used to solve specific problems.

The use of coating waterproofing is not always a good solution to the problem. This is related to the fact that materials have several significant disadvantages:

• Once applied, the substances are able to withstand only small fluctuations. If the structure shrinks, then the substance will lose strength and become unusable. Therefore, it is not recommended to use them in places where there are strong deformations and vibrations.
• Waterproofing can only be applied to completely dry surfaces. If they cover raw concrete, then this will give practically no effect.

• The strength of the waterproofing is rather low. Therefore, it is not able to withstand mechanical stress. The solution to this problem can only be the use of an additional protective layer.
• Cement-polymer mixtures are only suitable for working with concrete surfaces.
• Some types of waterproofing materials can be destroyed by various bacteria and microorganisms. If the foundation is directly protected, then care must also be taken to protect against the effects of the roots.

Types and characteristics

Coating waterproofing is made of materials that do not allow moisture to pass through its structure. Depending on the main component, such substances are divided into several types:

1. bituminous. Bitumen mastics repel water very well and have high adhesion to various types of substrates. This is achieved by adding rubber (artificial) and various sealants to the composition. The disadvantage of such a substance is the minimum service life, as well as low resistance to frost. Therefore, it is additionally covered with a reinforcing concrete layer, which minimizes the impact on the structure of the substance. Among all the varieties, Ceresit products can be distinguished.
2. Cement. Polymer mastics are made on a mineral basis with the addition of various types of cement. Among the positive aspects, high adhesion to various materials can also be distinguished. The only downside is the high cost. But this disadvantage is leveled by a small consumption per 1m2. The thickness of the screed must not exceed 3 mm.
3. Polymer. The composition of these products includes only synthetic components and plasticizers. After hardening, the coating does not pass water, and also does not support combustion. Some types of polymer mixtures are recommended to be applied in a layer with a thickness of only 1 mm.

Please note that some manufacturers use resins and organic additives instead of polymers to improve waterproofing performance. Qualitative characteristics have products of the brands Bergauf, ATIS and many others.

Today, acrylic paint solutions are also used. Their structure allows them to be applied with sprayers. The materials are distinguished by high-quality hydro and vapor barrier.

Application

Coating waterproofing is an important element of almost any modern construction. But in order to get a high-quality and durable coating, you should correctly apply the mixture on the surface. Please note that the principle of treating concrete bases with bituminous or cement products is completely similar. However, it does not depend on whether the mixture is applied to the floor or walls.

Surface preparation

The quality of a waterproofing coating depends on the condition of the surface on which it is applied. Therefore, it is so important to pay special attention to the preparation of the base. There are many parameters that are recommended to pay attention to. So when preparing the surface should be guided by several principles:

• The foundation or roof must be solid and without significant damage. If there are small irregularities on the surface, then you need to further level the base. For such purposes, various types of screeds are used, which further strengthen the frame. Please note that cracks and other damage must also be repaired, as they cannot be filled with mortar. Some experts also recommend wiping concrete surfaces if they have a significant amount of bubbles and small shells. Their presence will not allow to evenly cover the base and get a sealed protective layer.
• The application of mixtures is carried out after cutting corners. A smooth transition should be formed on them in the form of a chamfer with a radius of up to 5 cm. In this way, the quality of the coating increases, which will reliably protect the roof structure.

• If the foundation or roof structure has vertical and horizontal transitions, then these places also need to be smoothed out. This is done with the help of special fillets, which must be installed along all corners.
• Before applying protective mixtures, it is advisable to thoroughly clean all surfaces from dust and other debris. If this is not done, then the solutions will cover the dynamic elements, which will not hold water.
• The substrate should only be coated after it has dried thoroughly. Do not apply products to fresh screeds or concrete after rain. Some waterproofing manufacturers recommend applying their mixtures at concrete moisture levels in the range of 4 to 8%. These values ​​can be determined using various approaches, which can be found on specialized sites.

Work technology

Before you start painting materials with waterproofing, they must be additionally protected with special primers. This process involves following a few simple guidelines:

1. It is advisable to apply primer mixtures only in one layer. It is desirable to distribute the composition as evenly as possible on the concrete.
2. If there are junctions on the structure, then they need to be covered in 2 layers in order to obtain a more reliable impregnation.

The technology for applying the primer is simple and involves the use of a conventional roller or brush. It all depends on the structure of the surface to be covered and its area.

Today, almost all types of waterproofing are sold in liquid form. Therefore, they are immediately ready for application. But cement mortars are very often sold in dry form. When preparing them, you should follow a few simple rules:

1. For mixing, it is recommended to use water with a temperature in the range from 15 to 20 degrees.
2. After preparation, the solution should be homogeneous. If there are lumps in it, they should be removed as much as possible. To avoid this, dry mixtures should be poured into water, and not vice versa.
3. It is advisable to infuse the prepared mixtures for about 4-5 minutes before applying.
4. The solution after preparation can only be used for a limited amount of time. Therefore, experts recommend preparing only a small amount so that you can apply all the products.

The waterproofing itself is applied quite simply using the same roller or brush. The process itself is similar to regular painting. But the concrete roof or the side surface of the foundation acts as the foundation.

When applying, you should be guided by a few simple rules:

1. The base is painted in two layers to get more reliable protection of materials.
2. It is advisable to apply the next layer after the previously painted surface has completely dried.

The algorithm for applying coating waterproofing can be described in the following successive steps:

1. Priming of the basis and drawing the first layer. To do this, using a roller, the mixture is evenly distributed over the entire surface. If painting is carried out in hard-to-reach places, you need to use a brush.
2. At this step, surface reinforcement is performed. This step is optional, but it is being used more and more frequently. For such purposes, special polymer meshes are used, which are pressed into the applied mastic.
3. Applying a second layer of waterproofing. Here, the previously described technology is used.
4. Formation of a protective coating. To extend the life of the waterproofing layer, it must be coated with various substances. Today, expanded polystyrene or profiled membranes are used for such purposes. The first type of material also acts as a good insulation.

The reliability and durability of the entire building depends on the design features of the foundation. The degree of strength of the foundation of the building is very much affected by how the foundation is protected from water. Not only is this the foundation of the foundations, it is also located underground - in the neighborhood of groundwater.

Concrete is a porous material in which moisture accumulates. The latter, in turn, due to thermal differences, passes from one state of aggregation to another. These changes destroy the foundation from within. In addition, water oxidizes metal reinforcement, which also negatively affects the strength of the base.

To protect concrete from water, coating waterproofing of the foundation is used. In fact, there are many more types of waterproofing, but most often coating materials are used outside in combination with rolled ones. As a self-sufficient material, the coating is used in cases where a hydrobarrier from capillary moisture is needed, and the liquid pressure does not exceed 0.1 MPa. Performing horizontal insulation, coating is used as an auxiliary.

Coating waterproofing materials

The most common are the following:

• bituminous coating waterproofing;
• polymeric;
• cement-polymer;
• rubber.

Hydroprotective coating mastics are cold, that is, ready for use immediately, and hot - requiring preheating. Bituminous mastics are most often used to isolate foundations.

Preparatory work

Even a well-made foundation may not be devoid of defects. Cracks, chips and sharp protruding parts must be eliminated - only after that the coating waterproofing of the foundation is performed. Sharp hardened excess concrete is removed with a grinder. Cracks are minted with Penekrit, a compound included in the Penetron complex. The mixture has water-repellent properties and increases the strength of concrete.

Before processing, seams and cracks are expanded and deepened - their cross section must be at least 25x25 mm. If the seams are too large, Penekrit can be "diluted" with fine gravel, the amount of which should not exceed 40% of the volume of the mixture.

If the foundation does not differ in quality, bituminous coating waterproofing is carried out only after the treatment / restoration of defective areas. Flaws are repaired with a mixture of Scrape M500. It is characterized by water resistance, frost resistance, compressive strength, good adhesion. The M500 clamp has fiber in its composition, which excludes cracking. The mixture is characterized by low shrinkage - it practically does not change in volume.

Using penetrating waterproofing

We recommend that after preparing the surface, perform a penetrating waterproofing treatment. Unlike coating, it penetrates the entire depth of the foundation, creating a hydro-barrier monolith. The base of the building needs comprehensive protection, and penetrating materials have long established themselves as one of the best solutions. The optimal and most popular option is the Penetron composition.

Benefits of using Penetron penetrating insulation in combination with coating insulation:

• increases the strength of concrete - up to 15%;
• at least twice the frost resistance of the structure;
• microcracks are self-healing;
• there is resistance to aggressive environments;

Moreover, penetrating waterproofing is vapor permeable and environmentally friendly. Concrete impregnated with Penetron is eventually able to withstand water pressure up to 20 atmospheres. The foundation treated with this compound will retain its water-repellent properties as long as the base itself serves.

Penetron is applied with a wide brush in two layers - with an interval equal to the drying of the first layer. On average, it is 4-6 hours. Then, for three days, the foundation is moistened, preventing it from drying out and cracking the insulation.

Coating waterproofing of the foundation is also good in combination with other material of the Penetron-Admix system. This mixture serves as an additive in ready-mixed concrete at the stage of its pouring. Being added in a volume of 1% of the volume of cement, Admix enhances the strength of concrete and contributes to its water resistance. It is very convenient - even at the construction stage, the foundations receive a strong structure with waterproof functions.

After penetrating waterproofing is completed, bituminous coating is next in line.

Methods of working with bituminous mastic

First, let's look at how to use the "hot" mastic.

Working with hard bitumen

Before use, the bitumen is heated in an iron container to a temperature of 160-170 degrees. Apply mastic on a dry base. Wet surfaces will cause boiling and blistering. As a result, coating waterproofing of the foundation will not make sense.

Molten briquettes process both the entire foundation and only vertical surfaces. In the latter case, the mastic is supplemented with roofing felt or other rolled material.

Coating bituminous waterproofing has the following advantages:

• easy to use;
• has a low cost;
• resistant to water pressure;
• durable.

• combustible material;
• afraid of mechanical damage;
• cracks at low temperatures;
• cools down quickly;
• lack of maintainability.

Application of liquid bitumen

Liquid coating waterproofing of the foundation is carried out with a roller or brush. Vertical surfaces are processed from top to bottom - so that the strips overlap. The mastic is applied in 2-3 layers. The optimal interval between applying layers is a day.

Before applying the mastic, the surface, among other things, should be primed with a primer. This must be done for two reasons:

• the adhesion of bitumen to the foundation increases;
• the absorption of the base decreases - without a primer, the mastic consumption increases by 1.5-2 times.

The primer dries in 12-24 hours. At this time, isolation from moisture is necessary.

Thanks to the polymers that make up the liquid mastics, this waterproofing is more expensive. But the price is justified by a large number of advantages, one of which, obviously, is the lack of need for warming up.

A huge advantage of modern compositions is independence from low temperatures. Unlike archaic hard bitumen, these do not crack in the cold. There is no need for a dry base either - liquid-type bituminous coating waterproofing is applied even on a wet surface.

Liquid mastics can be one- and two-component. The first are well stirred and, if required by the instruction, a solvent is added. The latter are mixed exactly according to the specified proportion.

Liquid mastics can be used even at sub-zero temperatures. But in this case, despite the fact that the mixture is of the “cold” type, it still needs to be heated. This will provide better ductility and adhesion.

Coating waterproofing of the foundation with bituminous mastics is a good protection against water. Unlike solid bitumen, liquid mastic is much less afraid of damage. The service life is impressive - several decades. In combination with penetrating waterproofing and roll materials, this is the best solution leading to a guaranteed result. But only if the work is done professionally. Illiterate preparation or non-compliance with technological conditions during application leads to the fact that waterproofing bituminous coating will be a poor barrier to water. The lack of necessary qualifications is a reason to turn to specialists. The BAZIS-Pro portfolio includes dozens of complex objects. Therefore, our help will turn into a 100% positive result. Call and you will receive detailed advice related to the waterproofing of the foundation.

Foundation waterproofing in modern low-rise construction is an almost integral part of the zero-cycle construction process. This is due to the presence of moisture in the soil in the vast majority of the territories of our country. By itself, water is not particularly terrible for concrete, on the contrary, in a slightly moistened state, concrete continues to gain its strength over the years. However, there are three big BUTs.

Firstly, concrete has such a property as capillarity. This is the rise of water up the smallest pores inside the material. The simplest example of this phenomenon is the wetting of a piece of sugar slightly lowered into a glass of tea. In construction, the capillary rise of water leads (unless, of course, waterproofing is done) to the penetration of moisture, first from the outer layers of concrete to the inner ones, and then from the foundation to the walls that stand on it. And damp walls mean an increase in heat loss, the appearance of fungi and mold, damage to interior finishing materials.

Secondly, the modern foundation is still not concrete. This is reinforced concrete, i.e. it contains reinforcement, which, upon contact with moisture, begins to corrode. At the same time, the iron in the reinforcement turns into iron hydroxide (into rust), increasing in its volume by almost 3 times. This leads to the formation of the strongest internal pressure, which, when a certain limit is reached, also destroys the concrete from the inside.

Thirdly, we do not live in the tropics, and sub-zero temperatures for our climate in winter are the norm. As everyone knows, when water freezes, it turns into ice, increasing in volume. And if this water is in the thickness of the concrete, the resulting ice crystals begin to destroy the foundation from the inside.

In addition to the above, there is another danger. It is not uncommon for groundwater to contain chemical elements (salts, sulfates, acids ...) that have an aggressive effect on concrete. In this case, the so-called "concrete corrosion" occurs, leading to its gradual destruction.

High-quality waterproofing of the foundation allows you to prevent all these negative processes. And how it can be done, and will be discussed in this article.

By and large, protecting the foundation from moisture can be done in two ways:

1) use the so-called bridge concrete with a high water resistance coefficient when pouring (different grades of concrete and their characteristics will be discussed in a separate article);

2) cover the foundation with a layer of some kind of waterproofing material.

Ordinary developers most often now go the second way. What is it connected with? At first glance, it would seem that it could be simpler - I ordered waterproof concrete at the factory, poured it and that's it, sit back and rejoice. But in reality, not everything is so easy, because:

• an increase in the price of a concrete mixture with an increase in the coefficient of water resistance can reach 30% or more;
• not every plant (especially a small one) can produce a brand of concrete with the required water resistance coefficient, and attempts to make such concrete on their own can lead to unpredictable consequences;
• and most importantly, there are problems with the delivery and placement of such concrete (it has a very low mobility and sets quite quickly, which in most cases limits its use).

The use of a waterproofing coating is available to everyone and, with certain skills, you can even do it yourself.

Foundation waterproofing materials.

All materials used to protect foundations from moisture can be divided into the following groups:

• coating;
• sprayed;
• roll;
• penetrating;
• plastering;
• screen waterproofing.

Let's take a closer look at each of them.

I) Coating waterproofing is a material based on bitumen, which is applied to the surface (often in 2-3 layers) with a brush, roller or spatula. Such coatings are commonly referred to as bituminous mastics. They can be made independently or purchased ready-made poured into buckets.

Recipe for homemade bitumen mastic: buy a briquette of bitumen, split it into small pieces (the smaller, the faster it melts), pour it into a metal container and put it on fire until completely melted. Then remove the bucket from the fire and add used oil to it, and preferably diesel fuel (20-30% of the mastic volume), mix everything thoroughly with a wooden stick. How this is done is shown in the following video:

Ready-made bituminous mastic is sold in buckets. Before use, for more convenient application, it is usually mixed with the addition of some solvent, for example, solvent, white spirit, etc. This is always reported in the instructions on the label. There are several manufacturers of such mastics with different prices and different characteristics of the finished coating. The main thing when buying them is not to make a mistake and not to take material, for example, for roofing or something else.

Before applying bituminous mastic, it is recommended that the concrete surface be cleaned of dirt and primed. The primer is made with a special composition, the so-called bituminous primer. It is also sold in stores and has a more liquid consistency than mastic. Coating waterproofing is applied in several layers, each of which - after solidification of the previous one. The total thickness of the coating reaches 5 mm.

This technology is one of the cheapest compared to those that will be described below. But it also has its drawbacks, such as a short durability of the coating (especially prepared on its own), a long duration of work and high labor costs. The process of applying mastic with a brush is shown in the following video:

II) Spray waterproofing or the so-called "liquid rubber" is a bitumen-latex emulsion that can be applied to the foundation with a special sprayer. This technology is more progressive than the previous one, because. allows you to perform work more efficiently and in a fairly short period of time. Unfortunately, the mechanization of work significantly affects its cost.

The characteristics of liquid rubber and the process of spraying it are shown in the following video:

III) Roll waterproofing is a bituminous or polymer modified material, previously applied to any base. The simplest example is the well-known roofing material with a paper base. In the production of more modern materials, fiberglass, fiberglass, polyester are used as the basis.

Such materials are more expensive, but also much better and more durable. There are two ways to work with rolled waterproofing - gluing and fusing. Gluing is carried out on a surface previously primed with a bituminous primer using various bituminous mastics. Welding is carried out by heating the material with a gas or gasoline burner and then gluing it. How this is done is shown in the following video:

The use of rolled materials significantly increases the durability of the foundation waterproofing compared, for example, with coating materials. They are also quite affordable and affordable. The disadvantages include the complexity of the work. It is quite difficult for an inexperienced person to do everything qualitatively. Also, do not cope with the work alone.

The appearance of self-adhesive materials on the markets a few years ago made it much easier to work with rolled waterproofing. How to protect the foundation with their help is shown in the following video:

IV) Penetrating waterproofing- this is a coating of concrete with special compounds that penetrate through the pores into its thickness by 10-20 cm and crystallize inside, thereby clogging the passages for moisture. In addition, the frost resistance of concrete and its protection from chemically aggressive groundwater are increased.

These compositions (Penetron, Hydrotex, Aquatron, etc.) are quite expensive and have not been widely used for complete waterproofing of the foundation in a circle. They are more often used to eliminate leaks in already built and operated basements from the inside, when it is no longer possible to repair the waterproofing from the outside in other ways.

For more information about the properties of penetrating materials and their correct application, see the following video:

V) Plaster waterproofing by and large, it is a kind of coating insulation, only here it is not bituminous materials that are used, but special dry mixes with the addition of waterproof components. Prepared plasters are applied with a spatula, trowel or brush. For greater strength and to prevent cracking, a plaster mesh can be used.

The advantage of this technology is the simplicity and speed of applying materials. The downside is the low durability of the waterproofing layer and less water resistance compared to the materials described above. The use of waterproofing plasters is more appropriate for leveling the surfaces of foundations or, for example, for sealing joints in foundations made of FBS blocks, before their subsequent coating with bituminous or rolled waterproofing.

VI) Screen waterproofing- this is sometimes called the protection of foundations from moisture with the help of special swelling bentonite mats. This technology, which is essentially a replacement for the traditional clay castle, has appeared relatively recently. The mats are attached to the foundation with dowels overlapping each other. For more information about what this material is and its properties, see the following video:

How to choose waterproofing for the foundation?

As you can see, there are currently a huge number of all kinds of waterproofing materials for protecting foundations. How not to get confused in this variety and choose exactly what is suitable for your specific conditions?

First, let's look at what you need to pay attention to when choosing waterproofing:

• the presence or absence of a basement;
• ground water level;
• type of foundation and method of its construction

A different combination of these three factors determines which waterproofing should be preferred in this case. Consider the most common options:

1) Column foundations.

can only be protected with rolled waterproofing. To do this, cylinders of the required diameter are pre-rolled from it, fixed with adhesive tape, lowered into drilled wells, reinforcing cages are installed and concrete is poured.

The cheapest option is to use a regular roofing felt. If it is sprinkled, it is better to roll it with the smooth side outward, so that in winter, when it freezes, less soil sticks to it. It is advisable to make sure that the thickness of the waterproofing around the entire circumference is at least two layers.

When using asbestos or metal pipes for a columnar foundation, they can be pre-coated with any coated bitumen waterproofing in at least 2 layers.

If you are going to build on poles, before pouring it, for greater reliability, the tops of the poles must also be covered with coated waterproofing (even better not as in the figure below, but directly from the ground). This will prevent a possible capillary rise of water from the soil into the grillage.

2) Shallow strip foundations (MZLF).

inherently should always be above the groundwater level. Therefore, for its waterproofing, ordinary roofing material and bituminous mastic are quite enough to prevent capillary suction of moisture from the soil.

The figure shows one of the working options. Before mounting the formwork, a roofing material folded in half with a small outlet is spread on a sand cushion. Then, after pouring and setting the concrete, the side surfaces of the tape are covered with coating waterproofing. Above the level of the blind area, regardless of what kind of plinth you have (concrete or brick, as in the figure), cut-off waterproofing is done by gluing 2 layers of roofing material onto the bituminous mastic.

3) Recessed strip foundations (a house without a basement).

Waterproofing of a buried strip foundation, regardless of whether it is monolithic or from FBS blocks, when a basement is not provided for in the house, can be done according to the scheme shown above for MZLF, i.e. the bottom is rolled material, and the side surfaces are coated with coated insulation.

The only exception is the option when the foundation is not poured into the formwork, but directly into the excavated trench (as you understand, it will not be possible to make a coating). In this case, before installing the reinforcing cage and pouring concrete, the walls and bottom of the trenches are covered with rolled waterproofing with gluing or fusing joints. The work, of course, is not very convenient (especially in a narrow trench), but there is nowhere to go. This was discussed in the article.

Also, do not forget about the cut-off waterproofing layer above the level of the blind area.

4) Recessed strip foundations, which are the walls of the basement.

The use of coating and sprayed materials for waterproofing basement walls outside is permissible only in dry sandy soils, when groundwater is far away, and the top water quickly leaves through the sand. In all other cases, especially with a possible seasonal rise in groundwater, it is necessary to make roll waterproofing in 2 layers using modern materials based on fiberglass or polyester.

If the foundation is made up of FBS blocks, before waterproofing it, it is advisable to cover the seams between the individual blocks with a plaster waterproofing mixture, at the same time leveling the surface.

5) Slab foundations.

Foundation slabs (basement floors) are traditionally protected from moisture from below by gluing two layers of rolled waterproofing onto a pre-poured concrete preparation. The second layer is spread perpendicular to the first. This was discussed in more detail in the article.

In order not to damage the waterproofing layer during subsequent work, try to walk on it as little as possible, and immediately after installation, close it with extruded polystyrene foam.

At the end of the article, we pay attention to two more points. Firstly, when the groundwater level rises above the level of the basement floor, drainage must be done (a system of drainage pipes laid around the perimeter of the house and wells for revision and pumping out water). This is a big topic, which will be discussed in a separate article.

Secondly, the foundation's vertical waterproofing layer needs to be protected from damage that can occur during backfilling and compaction of the soil, as well as frost heaving of the soil in winter, when it sticks to the waterproofing and drags it up. This protection can be provided in two ways:

• the foundation is covered with a layer of extruded polystyrene foam;
• mount special protective membranes that are now commercially available.

Most builders prefer the first method, because. it allows you to immediately "kill two birds with one stone." EPPS and protects the waterproofing and insulates the foundation. Read more about insulation of foundations

Any type of waterproofing material is designed for use in certain conditions. Waterproofing designed for coating the foundation is no exception. This is a special coating – a special multi-layer coating. Often everyone uses the Technonikol brand for coating.

Depending on the purpose, it can have a different thickness, the indicators of which vary from a millimeter to several tens of millimeters. It depends on the purpose of the material, on the conditions of use in which it will show its waterproofing qualities.

Coating insulation can be used for internal and external protection of premises and buildings.

All of them differ in service life, technical characteristics, application methods, composition and features of the device.

Each specific species is used in the appropriate climatic conditions. However, it can be responsibly stated that durable and relatively inexpensive coating waterproofings are always in high demand.

What is this material? Usually these are plastic liquid compositions designed to reliably protect brick and surfaces.

After hardening, the applied agent forms a strong, seamless film with good resistance to mechanical stress, protecting it from moisture and ultraviolet radiation.

Coating waterproofing must meet the following requirements:

• Guaranteed absolute moisture resistance;
• Durability, resistance to UV radiation, moisture and aggressive;
• High elasticity, which prevents the material from cracking in case of shrinkage of some fragments, as well as under the influence of harmful climatic conditions.

Materials and types of coating waterproofing

All the variety of materials of this type can be conditionally
can be divided into the following groups:

• Polymer cement;
• polymeric rubber.

Bituminous mastic was originally used as one of the types of rolled roofing material. Its fundamental difference lies in the fact that it does not need to be warmed up, and therefore it can be used at any time of the year, including cold weather.

bituminous and polymeric cover previously cleaned surfaces: the plastic agent evenly fills all the pores and cracks of the surface.

Coating foundation protects it from the harmful effects of groundwater, as well as from waters with a deep horizon. Mastics will be optimally effective when the depth of occurrence is approximately 2 meters below the base.

Coating waterproofing technology

The application technology and recommendations of manufacturers suggest covering with 2-4 layers of the agent, at least.

The exact number of layers depends on how deep the foundation is.

The depth of the foundation correlates with the thickness of the waterproofing layer as follows:

• Depth more than 5 meters or concrete piles - thickness from 5 mm;
• Depth from 3 to 5 meters - respectively 2-4 mm;
• Depth up to 3 meters - 2 mm thickness.

The technology of applying the material must be carefully observed in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.

waterproofing layers are applied independently of each other, before applying the next, the previous one must dry well. If the next layer is applied to a damp surface, then after a while it can peel off, then air and moisture get inside, which act destructively.

How can you tell if the waterproofing layer is dry enough? This is easy to do, it will be enough to run the palm of your hand over the surface. If it sticks, sticks to the skin, then it has not dried out yet.

The dried mastic is soft and elastic to the touch. The drying speed of each individual layer depends on the manufacturer of the material, its composition, the humidity of the treated surface and the ambient temperature.

Work procedure

We note an important condition. Before you start applying waterproofing material, you need to properly prepare the base. Only in this case, the working qualities of the waterproofing layer will work in full.

The quality of adhesion of the base surface and the applied mastic depends on such an indicator as humidity. Even low levels of humidity can cause deformation of the surface of the protective layer.

The connection of the base and mastic is broken, it does not hold well, and can peel off and even fall off over time. What is the maximum humidity limit?

For polymer-bitumen and bituminous insulation, they should not exceed 4 percent, and for water-based insulation they are slightly higher - 8 percent.

It is strictly forbidden to cover a wet surface with coating mastic.

How do you know if the base has dried enough and can you start working on it? There is a very simple way: about a square meter of base area, a polyethylene film spreads. If no condensation appears from inside it within a day, you can get to work.

What is a primer? Application rules

- This is a special type of bitumen, which includes various mineral components. They help to improve the adhesion of the mastic to the base from, providing the material with optimal adhesion.

For each type of foundation, the primaries are selected individually. Priming compositions for rubble and brick structures have the highest cost.

For the manufacture of the primer, bitumen of the BNK 90/30 or BN 70/30 grade is used, nefras or gasoline is taken as a solvent. The heat resistance of this mixture does not exceed 80 degrees.

For each type of mastic, the primer is selected individually.: it is applied evenly over the entire surface in one layer. In the case when there are joints of horizontal and vertical concrete slabs in the foundation, it is worth applying two layers.

The composition is applied with a brush or roller, then wait for its final drying.

Coating mastic applied as follows:

After the final solidification of the previous layer, you can proceed to the next one.

Reinforcement of coating waterproofing

It will last a much longer period if you take care of its reinforcement in advance.

Reinforcement is placed at junctions where sections of the foundation are usually subjected to increased pressure.

What can serve as reinforcement? In this capacity, fiberglass or fiberglass is usually used, characterized by a small outer diameter and remarkable flexibility. It is allowed to use roll materials.

The density of the resulting mesh-reinforcement should be between 100 and 150 grams per square meter.

How is it happening? Fiberglass is slightly embedded in the initial layer of mastic, pressed with help, then fixed with plastic staples. In this case, the adhesion of the reinforced waterproofing to the foundation will be optimal.

Transverse reinforcement is preferable, which thickens the useful waterproofing layer. If there is not enough space for applying mastic, the joints should be deepened. The primer is used to treat the inner surface.