How to make winder steps with your own hands. Drawings and diagrams of winder stairs

If, when building a new house, you are thinking about what type of staircase structure to prefer to connect the floors, then you should pay attention to such an option as a winder staircase.

Runners are steps that are arranged in a circle, continuously. One end, the one on the inside, is narrower than the outside. When turning the stairs, they are used instead of an intermediate platform. Stairs with winder steps are of two types:

• U-shaped - such stairs turn 180 °;
• l-shaped - such stairs turn 90 °.

Winder steps have a number of advantages, for example:

• take up less space than marching;
• visually make the room wider;
• have an aesthetic appearance.

Their disadvantages include the following features:

• the narrow edge of the step when climbing the stairs causes psychological discomfort. It seems that there is nowhere to put your foot;
• such stairs have a rather complex structure and therefore it is difficult for them to make calculations;
• not as comfortable to use as stairs with platforms;
• the design of such a ladder must be approached with the utmost care and responsibility, because if it is not designed correctly, the risk of falling and serious injury will increase.

What you need to consider to make the design as safe as possible

In order to negate possible troubles from the shortcomings of winder steps, the staircase must be properly designed, taking into account the following nuances when calculating it:

• the depth of the outer edge of the step should be no more than 400 mm, and the inner - no less than 100 mm;
• the middle of each step in depth should be at least 200 mm;
• in height, each step can occupy from 120 to 220 mm;
• the maximum protrusion of the edge of the tread should be 40 mm;

• when calculating the l-shaped staircase, the following formulas must be observed:
  • for comfortable use - a (step depth) - b (riser height) = 120 mm;
  • for maximum safety - a + b \u003d 460 mm;
  • step formula - 2v + a \u003d 620 (600-640) mm.

• during the construction of a U-shaped staircase, the mid-flight gap should not be less than a quarter of the width of the steps. Otherwise, the winder steps from the inner edge will be too narrow;
• the gap between the ceiling and the flight of stairs must be at least 2 m.

How to calculate winder stairs

To make a calculation for a U-shaped structure, you need to proceed as follows:

• mark the center of the bend, coinciding with the radius of the inner side of the stairs;
• calculate the number of winder steps: the more there are, the more comfortable you can use the stairs;
• winder steps, the photo of which is given below, from the first to the seventh inclusive. Through the next, eighth step, or rather through its beginning, a line DE is drawn. Straight line AB divides the ladder into two sides - right and left. The middle of the march should be marked with a curve ac, which corresponds to the line of motion;
• on the line denoting movement, from AB we set aside a section equal to half the width of an ordinary step. Thus, we find point 1. From it we draw a segment equal to the width of the step and mark point 2. Acting on the same principle, we find the remaining points from the 3rd to the 7th;
• through points 1 and A we draw a line intersecting with DE. We draw another line through 2 and A. On the DE line, mark points 1 and 2;
• on the DE line, we measure the gaps of the same length as 1-2 and designate them with numbers from 3 to 7;
• then we connect the point number 3, located on the line ac, with the point number 3, located on the line DE. We do the same with points 4,5,6,7;
• the same calculations are made with respect to the other half of the winder stairs.

For an l-shaped structure, as in the case described above, point A is found and a straight line AC is drawn. Steps can be placed in two ways:

• line AC divides the corner step into two equal parts;
• AC line coincides with the junction line of two corner steps.

If the second option is chosen, then, just as in the case described above, the line of motion ac is indicated. On the curved segment, lines b are indicated, equal to the width of ordinary steps. The number of turning steps is determined. If these are steps numbered 1,2,3,4, as in the figure above, then a straight line EB is drawn through the end line of the 4th step. Point B here denotes the intersection of EB and CA. After that, straight line AD is drawn arbitrarily. Points 2,3,4 are marked on it, while the segment A-2 should be two parts, 2-3 - three parts, 3-4 - four parts. One part in this case is a segment equal to 1 of any conventional unit, for example, a centimeter or a decimeter.

Next, we draw a line 4B. From points 2 and 3 we draw lines intersecting with AB, parallel to segment B4. The points obtained on the segment AB are connected by a straight line with the corresponding points on ac. These lines define the shape of the turning steps.

If the AC line divides the corner step into two equal parts, the winder steps are calculated in the same way.

Tools and materials necessary for the manufacture of stairs

For self-made stairs, you need to stock up on good quality wood. Of course, dark oak is the best choice, but it is very expensive. Maple is also great for this purpose - its cost is much less, and finding it in the right amount is not difficult.

In addition to the tree, you should prepare:

• electric jigsaw;
• drill;
• fasteners;
• screwdriver;
• a hammer;
• roulette.

Ladder with winder steps do it yourself

Consider the sequence of manufacturing a winder staircase using the example of an L-shaped structure with an opening length of 2 m 29.4 cm, a width of 93 cm, a ceiling height of 2 m 68, cm.

The turning staircase has two flights: one of eight steps, the last of which coincides with the platform of the upper floor, and the other of two. There are three winder steps, with an angle of rotation of 30 °.

For a turning staircase made of wood, it is necessary to create two stringers 5x30x300 cm. One of them is fixed on the wall, and the second rests on a pillar measuring 10x10x250 cm.

The process of creating a winder staircase of this design is carried out in several stages:

• manufacture of braids;
• manufacturing winder steps;
• assembly of the ladder structure;
• railing installation.

Consider each step in detail. The sequence for making kosour is as follows:

• make a template in the form of a right triangle. Its legs should be equal to the height and depth of the step. To make the template convenient to use, you need to attach it to the guide rail. Using it, we mark the future stringer and cut it out with a circular saw. At the same time, we must not forget that the thinnest part of the kosour in width must be at least 150 mm;

• we install a pillar for support, having previously hollowed out a groove in it, into which the kosour will be inserted;

• in the corner we mount the base for the rotary steps, which will also burst the kosour, located near the wall;

• we attach the stringers on the upper side with metal corners.

The general view of the structure after fixing the stringers should be as follows:

When installing stringers, it is necessary to ensure that they are strictly opposite each other, otherwise the steps will not lie strictly horizontally. In this case, it is necessary to focus not on the floor surface, because. it may not be even, but at the building level.

Now let's move on to the second stage of manufacturing the stairs - cutting out the winder steps:

• 3 steps are required to turn the ladder 90°. We cut them out of a board 90x90x4 cm. To do this, we divide it with lines going from one corner into three sectors;
• cutting the steps along the lines, we adjust their length to each other;

• Next, we varnish all the steps. Lacquer is applied in three layers.

At the next stage, we assemble the ladder structure:

• to fix the rotary steps in the column, we cut out grooves, the width of which should be slightly less than the thickness of the board. This is necessary in order to securely fix the steps from the inner edge of the stairs;

• so that the steps from the side of the wall can be put on the base, we refine it with pieces of wood;

• we insert the inner sides of the winder steps into the prepared cuts, having previously smeared them with PVA glue, and we attach the outer sides with self-tapping screws to the base;
• we fix ordinary steps with long self-tapping screws;

• to hide the protruding corner of the turning stage, the flight of stairs located below is done on a bowstring;
• we cut the edge of the bowstring at an angle of 90 ° to the floor so that it becomes possible to install the entrance pillar.

The next step is the installation of railings. The sequence of actions is as follows:

• install balusters. They can be attached to the steps with self-tapping screws, but if you use dowels, the design will be much more reliable. We make a hole in the baluster and in the step, slightly smaller than the dowel, and fill it with PVA. The holes must be drilled with maximum accuracy, strictly vertically and in the center of the balusters, so that they take the correct position;

• we stretch a cord between the first and last pillars, and along it on each baluster we mark the angle at which the railing will be located. After, focusing on the markup, cut off the tops of the racks. Now the balusters are ready for the installation of handrails;

• We fix the handrails with self-tapping screws with a countersunk head.

Runners are called steps, the width of which increases from the inside to the outside. Naturally, the calculation of the winder steps must be carried out with special care at the stage, since the safety and convenience of the entire staircase structure depends on this, whether it is a spiral staircase or a turn of a direct march. Most often, winder steps are made when it is necessary to reduce the dimensions of the stairs by excluding the inter-span platform from its design. At the same time, a place with non-standard steps becomes not very convenient, especially for descending, because the closer a person steps to the inner edge, the less space remains for setting the legs.

When creating a staircase with winder steps, you need to follow a few basic rules:

1. The outer part of the steps should not be wider than 40 cm.
2. The minimum for the inner part is 10 cm (meaning its useful area, and not the very edge).
3. The middle of the march is 20 cm, and this value must be respected throughout the structure.
4. The radius of curvature, which characterizes the turning part, is a minimum of 30 cm.

Important! The course of the winder steps should not be winding, otherwise walking along it will not only be inconvenient, but also dangerous.

The calculation of the winder ladder can be made by various methods, depending on what angle the ladder turns.

The method of proportions, with some amendments, is also used to calculate the parameters of rotation by a right angle (90°). It should be noted that this is the easiest way, other graphic methods are more difficult, they require basic knowledge of drawing and design.

The method, called Danish, is also used in calculating the turns of stairs by 90 ° and 180 °. First of all, a horizontal projection is built, on which, as in the method of proportions, a line is drawn in the middle of the march. This line is also divided into segments the size of the width of the step. Then you need to decide on the beginning of the winder steps, the border is marked with point A. Another important point - the beginning of the winder step, located in the middle of the turn, is indicated by the letter B.

Then half of the line of the middle of the march with tread marks is unfolded so that a straight line is obtained, and a perpendicular is drawn from each mark. For the mark, which indicates the first winder step (after the straight lines), the length of the perpendicular is chosen equal to the width of the tread. For a mark at the opposite end of the unfolded straight line (mark of the winder located in the middle of the turn), the length of the perpendicular is taken equal to the minimum width of the steps. The two obtained perpendiculars are connected to each other, and the values ​​of the lengths of the perpendiculars for all other marks are obtained. The resulting segments are stacked in ascending order in one straight line, which is projected onto a straight line, equal in length to AB. This gives complete information about the narrow sections of the steps. The found dimensions are transferred to the horizontal projection (to the AB line) and, by connecting the points with the marks on the mid-march line, the full dimensions of all winder steps are obtained.

Other Methods

When using the sweep method and the line lifting method, the horizontal and vertical curvature of the rotary structure is taken into account. In the sweep method, the first step is to determine the boundaries of the steps, after which the drawing is transferred to a vertical projection. Similar to the manipulations performed in the Danish method, the markup is placed so that the resulting segments can be transferred to another plane by drawing perpendicular lines.

Here, too, two projections are needed. The horizontal one is drawn in the same way as the previous methods considered, a line of the middle of the march is also drawn on it. In addition, points are marked corresponding to the beginning and end of winder steps. The line of the middle of the march is divided into segments the width of the steps, usually 200 mm.

The vertical axis of the vertical projection, in turn, is divided into segments equal to the height of the steps. Next, straight steps are selected and, by connecting their edges with lines, the corresponding segments are obtained, with the help of which the intersection with the horizontal projection axis is found. The resulting point is used later to construct circles that are needed to determine the vertical projection of the bowstring line. To find the tops of the steps, use the vertical axis - draw a line perpendicular to it until it intersects with the line of ascent. The projections of the obtained points on the horizontal axis will give the dimensions of the narrow parts of the winder steps. These dimensions are used to find all other winder parameters.

Slope of stairs

An important characteristic of the stairs is its steepness, in other words, the angle of inclination. Not only the ease of use of ladder equipment, but also safety depends on the steepness. The human step, its average value, is the main guideline. In other words, the convenience of moving up the stairs requires that a certain proportion be observed between the height of a person's rise at each step and the distance at which he moves forward. Normally, the ratio of the height of the ladder structure to the length of its projection on the horizontal axis is in the range from 1:2 to 1:1.75. When expressing these proportions in angular units, it turns out that the slope of the staircase should not be more than 30 °.

If you plan to move bulky objects up the stairs or several people will use it at the same time, the width of the march should be increased to at least 1.2 m, and preferably up to 1.4 m. With less saturated use, the width can be reduced to one meter . Practical Tips for Installing Winder Stairs

The winder staircase drawing is in great demand in homes where comfortable, safe movement between floors is required, but there is no technical possibility of placing a direct structure. Such structures require special attention at the stage.

Scheme with the names of the elements of the winder stairs

Winder steps are widely used for the following types of stairs:

1. Screw. The most compact options for lifting structures. The recommended width of the overall opening is up to 3000 mm.
2. L-shaped. Devices with 90˚ rotation. They take up less space than straight marches or marching with platforms.
3. U-shaped. They have a rotation of 180˚, more compact than the previous version.
4. Curvilinear. They feature smooth turning lines. Winder steps (treads) are often used with the same parameters, which creates additional comfort when climbing.

The shape of the turning tread for such structures has the shape of a truncated triangle. Due to the compactness of the device is saved.

Scheme of the device for turning the winder ladder

Winder steps can be located at the bottom, at the top, in the middle of the flight of stairs. For safe movement, the first two options are recommended. They have good visibility of the turning area, which allows you to orient yourself in time and change the position of the foot or step length.

Winder staircases are more difficult to implement than straight structures or with transition platforms. Therefore, drawings with incorrectly executed structures are often found.

And this not only reduces the comfort of movement, but also increases the risk of injury from a fall.

Basic requirements for winder ladders

Comfort and safety are the basic principles that any building construction must meet. The staircase is no exception. A number of the technical requirements presented are also typical for direct mid-flight structures:

Scheme of a wooden staircase with winder steps

All of the above characteristics and data will ensure the comfort and safety of movement between floors.

Advantages of running structures

The main advantages of winder stairs include:

1. Compactness. Often, a direct structure does not allow the area or dimensions of the opening to the second floor to be placed. In order to overcome these difficulties with minimal losses, winder steps are mounted in turning marches.
2. Aesthetics. adds a special charm to the interior of the house.
3. Saving materials. With an increase in the angle of inclination (steepness), the consumption of materials decreases somewhat.

The disadvantages include a decrease in the level of comfort and safety of movement. Running treads differ in size, you will have to adapt. Yes, and disperse on such a march is more difficult than on ordinary stairs.

Classic winder look

Technical data for drawings

For the competent drawing up of a winding staircase scheme, it is required to take into account all the above standards, the dimensions of the premises and link them on the plan. To do this, proceed to the following steps:

1. Determine the location of the structure.
2. Appropriate measurements are taken: the width of the opening, the height from the finished floor of the first floor to the surface of the second floor.
3. Drawn to scale with detail. If there are openings, windows, ledges, niches in the place where the staircase will be mounted, they are marked on the drawing with reference to the walls and floor.
4. Choose the type of construction and building material for it.
5. Preliminary calculations are made for the number, height and depth of steps.

Scheme and drawing of winder stairs

These data will help to make the right choice of design, which will ensure compliance with building codes.

Preliminary calculation of data

Knowing the height between the levels and the formula for comfortable movement, you can calculate the length of the flight of stairs, the number of expected steps. For example, the specified height between floors is 2600 mm. We choose the height of the degrees from the recommended range of 120 mm. Let's make all the calculations to build a drawing:

The example shows that it is better to revise the parameters of the steps. This will save a lot of space. For example, with a riser height of 150 mm, the tread depth will be 300 mm, and the length of the stairs will be 5,400. Which will save 3 square meters. m. usable area of ​​the house.

Drawings and methods for calculating winder steps

Taking into account modern realities and obtaining a quick result, you can use several methods for drawing up a design diagram.

Project programs

The best option for design. There are softwares that, based on the drawing, issue a specification for sawn materials. This option is not provided. But after completing a detailed drawing, it will not be difficult to calculate the amount of material. The disadvantage of this method is the time spent on searching and mastering the software product.

Ready solutions

Drawings posted on the Internet allow you to choose the right option. But you should check them for compliance with technical requirements in order to protect yourself from someone's design illiteracy.

Winder ladder drawing

To do this, you can use online calculators or master one of the methods for calculating winder steps.

The main difficulty when working with such drawings is to fit a ready-made solution into the right space. You may encounter the fact that a window or ledge on the wall will be at the place where the stairs are mounted.

You will either have to adapt the design for, or look for another suitable option.

Online calculators

They will help to make calculations and issue recommendations for correcting the structure if it does not comply with building codes. Based on the received data, a detailed drawing is automatically generated. This is the easiest and most affordable way to develop drawings for individual sizes. But in the future, you should make a binding to .

The interface of the online calculator for calculating winders

Otherwise, the resulting design may close the window or doorway.

Proportion method

The main difficulty in the independent design of stairs with winders is the calculation of the number and development of the forms of rotary elements. Calculation using proportions. This method is suitable for stairs with a turn of 90˚, 180˚. First you need to draw a top view of the future structure, fitting it into the estimated area. Then perform a series of operations:

This is the easiest and most affordable way to build a drawing. There are three more methods: Danish, sweep and lift lines. The listed technologies are complex and require deeper knowledge of mathematical analysis. These methods require taking into account the horizontal and vertical curvature of the structure.

An example of a metal frame for a winder ladder

It should be noted that the drawing by any of the above methods is performed with a certain degree of error. Therefore, even professionals adjust parts at the assembly site. The winder staircase is a more complex structure, so if you are not confident in your abilities, then it is better to entrust the calculation, design, installation to specialized enterprises.

In buildings higher than one floor, the presence of stairs for interfloor movements is an indispensable condition for living. There are many options for the types of structures and their placement in the room.

The most comfortable and safe are rotary marching systems. In this article, we will get acquainted with the types of structures, and consider in detail how the structure works.

Swivel

They are not only necessary and functional, but also decorating the house interior and exterior.

By location there are:

• outdoor;

• internal;

indoors

According to the method of use, they are divided into: stationary, attached and folding (sliding).

According to the method of fastening the steps, the structures are divided into:

1. On stringers.

• In this case, the steps are attached to the supporting beams, which are called stringers, from above, into specially arranged ledges. They seem to lie on the guides.
• There may be one, two or three such beams, depending on the characteristics. More than three stringers are practically not used in the manufacture of structures.
• Stringer guides, depending on the geometry, can be straight, broken and curvilinear.
• On one, central stringer, they usually make a ladder with a width of no more than 1 m.
• Stairs on stringers can be made with risers. If such an element is absent, the design seems more elegant and weightless.
• Stringers are most often made of metal, wood and concrete. The material of both load-bearing beams and steps and railings depends on the style of the room and the requirements for the design.

On kosoura

1. On strings.

In such systems, the steps are attached between the bowstring guides. Fastening is carried out by installing the ends of the steps in specially prepared grooves in the side faces of the supports.

Bowstrings, as well as stringers, can have different shapes, allowing you to place the stairs as beautifully and functionally as possible.

On bowstrings

1. On the pains.

In this design, the steps are attached to the wall and to each other with the help of special bolts - bolts. If the wall is not too strong, reinforcing mortgages are installed in it.

This view seems to be the most attractive because of the hidden fasteners. They give the impression of lightness, grace and fragility, although in fact this design is no less durable than all other types.

On the Bolts

1. On a vertical support.

The steps are fastened using a vertical rack, on which they are mounted at different angles, in the form of a fan. With the use of a support column, screw structures are usually arranged.

On a pillar

1. Combined. They can combine elements of all the above types.

On stringer and vertical support

By design, they are divided into: marching and screw.

Let's consider them in more detail:

• Screw.

screw

Very functional design for placement in places with a shortage of space. It takes up little space, only 1.5-2 m2.

Steps of screw types are not made in the form of a rectangle. They are narrowed on one side. It is with this part that the step is attached to the vertical support column.

Because of its dimensions and geometry, it is not suitable for transporting bulky items. It should be used with great caution by children and the elderly, as it cannot be called safe.

In screw and bolt structures, combinations of various materials are most interesting: wood, glass, metal.

• Marching.

Marching

These designs are the most comfortable and safe. They represent one or more spans (marches) interconnected by a platform. It is possible to install fences and railings on both sides.

• Winder turning steps can also be used instead of a platform. They add elegance to this massive design, and allow you to save a little space.
• Marching ones take up quite a lot of space, but the space under the stairs can also be used to good use.
• The design is very massive, solid, but its manufacture requires a lot of building materials, respectively, and the price of the product will be decent.
• You can move along such structures even at high speed, and not be afraid to break your neck.
• If you need to raise or lower large and heavy objects, this will not cause any difficulties along the march.
• In turn, marching are divided into: direct and rotary. Direct marching systems, as a rule, are installed in spacious rooms.

Marching

Let us consider in more detail rotary marching types as the most popular and frequently used structures for lifting. In order to better understand the turning, a video on this topic will be presented in addition to the theoretical information.

Rotary mid-flight stairs: types, manufacturing features

They can have one, two, three spans. Fastening steps of rotary stairs can be carried out on stringers, and on bowstrings, and on bolts, and on a pole.

All swivel can be performed with a turn to the right or left side, 90 or 180 degrees. Designs with a 90-degree turn (L-shaped) are the easiest to fit into the interior of any room and occupy a minimum of space.

A staircase with rotary steps, in which winder steps are used instead of an inter-flight platform, is a symbiosis of a march and a screw structure. From the screw design, she got a small space saving and aesthetic appeal, from the march ̶ convenience, safety and comfort of movement.

With winder steps

Materials from which the design of the rotary variety can be made.

metal staircase

Such designs are very popular, both for installation indoors, and for outdoor placement. Entrance groups, fire escapes can be made of metal for moving between floors.

street metal

Iron rotary types can be purchased ready-made. Also, a metal staircase with a turn can be made by hand - if the master has minimal experience with a welding machine.

Ready-made swivel types do not always fully satisfy the needs of the end user, however, on request, the manufacturer can produce a design in accordance with the required dimensions.

A do-it-yourself metal rotary variety is made from channels, corners, a profile pipe. The requirements for them are formulated in GOST 23120-2016 "Mid-air stairs, platforms and steel railings".

Manufacturing steps:

• Removing the dimensions of the site, drawing up a project and an accurate drawing of the structure.
• Frame manufacturing.

metal frame

• Grinding welds and areas affected by rust.
• Treatment of metal from corrosion.
• Step manufacturing. They can be made of wood, concrete or metal.
• Assembling the turntable.
• If necessary, installation of fences and decorative elements.

They are distinguished:

• strength;
• lack of creaking steps;
• durability;
• the need for periodic corrosion treatment.

Wooden ladder

Wood has always been the most comfortable, outwardly attractive material. Designs from it combine tradition, reliability and comfort.

The manufacture of stairs with turning steps made of wood can be done independently, in accordance with the conditions of placement, the taste of the owner and the style of the building. Before you make a turning staircase to the second floor with your own hands, the first step is to draw up a competent design drawing, accurately removing all dimensions and calculating the parameters.

The calculation option for the dimensions of the structure is shown in the photo:

• The width of the stairs for comfortable movement should be at least 90 cm.
• Step width: from 20 cm.
• Riser height: 15-20 cm.
• Step thickness: 2 cm.
• Height of fence and railing: 90 cm.
• Ladder angle: 35 ± 5 degrees.

All sizes are selected taking into account the convenience of movement of all family members.

To make a staircase for a house with a turn, we need the following tools:

Materials are being prepared: timber for guides, edged boards for steps, furniture board for winder steps, balusters, railings for fences, glue and hardware. Larch, oak, maple, beech can serve as a material for the manufacture of stairs, but it is possible to make a staircase structure from more affordable pine.

Important! Before starting work, all wooden parts should be dried and treated with protective compounds. The presence of knots in the wood is unacceptable.

We are building a staircase to the second floor with a turn of wooden parts:

1. We prepare two kosour from a bar. We cut out the protrusions for the installation of steps. The easiest way to do this is with a triangular template. All details are immediately subject to grinding.

• The stringers are fastened to the ceiling beam and the floor with the help of corners and self-tapping screws. For structural strength, a support post must be installed. It is mounted using steel corners. At the bottom, the stringers are attached to the support beam, in pre-made grooves. It is best to use glue in parallel with fasteners for fixing.
• Support bars 50 mm thick are laid out under the winder steps.
• The risers are installed first.

• Steps are being installed.

• Fences are being installed.

Installation of a turntable made of wood is completed. The design can be varnished or painted, depending on the style of the room.

Concrete staircase

It is somewhat more difficult to make such a structure than a wooden one, but it has its advantages.

The concrete staircase has the following qualities:

• Durability.
• Strength.
• Fire resistance.
• No sound when walking.

The most difficult thing in the construction of a concrete staircase is the collection of formwork that exactly repeats the geometry of the structure.

Important! If the staircase is mounted inside the building, it should be noted that the concrete structure is quite heavy and a separate foundation must be provided for it.

For the formwork, you will need a 10x10 cm timber, boards or plywood. If the staircase is in contact with the wall of the building on one side, this somewhat simplifies the construction process.

Concrete turntable manufacturing:

• The platform frame is mounted.
• Stringers are installed, made of boards with a thickness of at least 30 mm. One is securely attached to the wall (if the design allows), the other is mounted on supports.
• All elements are fixed with self-tapping screws. You should make sure that there are no gaps.
• From below, plywood sheets with a thickness of at least 20 mm are attached to the stringers.
• It is better to put polyethylene inside the formwork or lubricate the inner walls with machine oil to make it easier to dismantle the formwork system.
• Throughout the structure, a double frame should be installed from reinforcement interlaced with a step of 150 mm with a diameter of 8-10 mm. The reinforcing mesh must be connected to the supporting beams.
• If one side of the ladder is in contact with the wall, the ends of the reinforcement bars must be laid into it with the help of drilled holes. The mesh must be in the thickness of the concrete, so it must be laid out on stands 20-30 mm high.
• From flat boards we form the formwork for the steps.

• Before pouring concrete, you can install wooden or metal mortgages that will simplify the fastening of fences.
• The structure is poured with concrete. The solution is prepared based on the following proportions: 1 part of cement, 2 parts of sand, 3 parts of crushed stone, plus water. All ingredients are thoroughly mixed, it is better to do this in a concrete mixer. The filling of the entire structure is carried out in one stage. Work starts from the bottom.
• The concrete mass should be compacted with a bayonet or internal vibrator.
• The surface is leveled, excess mortar is removed.
• The structure is covered with polyethylene until completely dry (28 days). Periodically it should be watered.
• The formwork is removed (the formwork boards can be removed from the steps after three days, complete dismantling is carried out no earlier than two weeks after pouring).

• The concrete surface is polished.
• Fencing elements are installed.
• For facing a concrete structure, you can use wood, natural stone, mosaic or tile.

• If concrete cladding is not provided, an attractive appearance can be given to the structure by adding pigments and fillers to the concrete mass when mixing the mortar.

The key to building a strong, safe and beautiful staircase is the accurate calculation of the system and the high-quality installation of the formwork. The result of the work will be a solid, easy-to-use concrete structure, which is also an interior decoration.

You can watch the video in this article:

If you are faced with the question of how to make a turning staircase, you should explore the possible options for its manufacture, choose a finished project or make it yourself. By spending a little time and effort on construction and decoration, you can get an eye-pleasing, ergonomic and durable design as a result.

Turning stairs - the most popular type of construction in two-story houses. Its main advantages include compactness and the ability to place in a corner, due to which significant space savings are made.

What are the main advantages of turning stairs?

This design is ideal for small spaces where it is important to save more space. At the same time, a key feature is the possibility of installing additional steps if the width of the opening is about a meter. The staircase can be turned in several ways - by 90 ° and 180 °, and the latter design looks very “fragile” in appearance, but does not take up much space.

Varieties of turning stairs:

• Curvilinear, used quite rarely due to the fact that you will not be able to feel the necessary stability under your feet, because when creating it, you will have to exactly observe the width of the fitting end - it should be at least 10 cm;
• Curved staircase, considered the most economical type. Such designs, in turn, are divided into screw, quarter-turn and half-turn, differ in the angle of rotation. However, it is worth taking out separately, which are considered the most practical, especially if you place the rack in the middle when arranging. They are most often made of either wood or metal. Their key feature is the possibility of arranging in a small area, but there is also a minus - metal stairs are not very convenient.

Wooden staircase with winder steps

The most famous type of turning stairs is this option. It looks like a plate with edges that differ in width. At the same time, the dimensions vary taking into account several factors: the width in the narrowest part should not be less than 100 mm, in the middle - at least 200 mm.

This is dictated by key points: one foot must rest on the wide part to obtain the required area for normal support, while the second foot is in a narrow place, which means it will not receive proper support.

By the way, it is this factor that is the main disadvantage of such a ladder - it is inconvenient and quite dangerous to climb and descend on it, since there is a high risk of slipping. If you make the steps smaller, such a staircase will be unusable. And this problem can be solved if wood is used as the material for the stairs.

However, a turning staircase with winder steps is most often installed in small rooms, since this design will save space, it can also be mounted both in the center of the room and near the wall - it all depends on the design of the room. The simplest version of the stairs is the connection of several straight flights with steps in the turning area. The most difficult moment when creating a staircase is the middle step of the turn, which is most often performed in the following variations:

1. The step will adjoin the angle of rotation so that its wide part rests against the walls of the opening, located perpendicular to them.
2. The edge of the top step should adjoin the corner between the walls. In this case, one step will rest against the wall, the next - against the wall, which is perpendicular. However, their shapes and sizes should not be different.

The website site masters have prepared a special calculator for you. You can easily calculate the required dimensions of the stairs.

Do-it-yourself turning staircase: the work of a professional

To make a practical and beautiful staircase, you need to competently approach its calculation, the choice of material used, and the purchase of the required tools if necessary. The first thing you need is to calculate your future project. The norms clearly show the key characteristics of structures: width and height, as well as railings (fencing). And only if you take into account all these factors, you can get a positive result. Naturally, one cannot do without tools - hammers, a grinder, if necessary, "bring to mind", bolts and bowstrings, screwdrivers. It is advisable to stock up on this in advance so as not to break away from the workflow in the future.

How to make a turning staircase with your own hands - a step by step diagram

Step 1: We carry out calculations

To calculate the required number of steps, you need to start from the height. Practice shows that the optimal height is about 15-20 cm and not more than 30 cm, since higher or lower steps make climbing dangerous. You need to think about the width: it is necessary that it can guarantee full support for the legs - from 20 to 30 cm. The width of the staircase itself is also important - it is undesirable to make it less than 1.2 m. By the way, for many it is considered the most difficult step, so just try find a scheme that suits you on the Internet.

Step 2: Installing treads and risers

To secure elements such as treads and risers, you should cut out the ledges on the bowstrings, in which we insert the spikes of the steps. If the "nests" (ledges) are on the bottom of the bowstring, then we first put it in place, and then mount the steps themselves from below. Bowstrings can be installed on the beams of the site in a variety of ways. The most reliable is the fastening using a bowstring with end spikes.

There is another option for using staples, but in this case one should not talk about the practicality of the building. By the way, you can use bolts instead of a bowstring, since such fasteners are considered the most effective today. Despite the fact that the design will be very fragile in appearance, such fasteners are very strong and reliable - if you use bolts, your ladder can withstand loads up to 1500 kg.

Step 5: Decorating the stairs

Our last stage is the decoration of the structure. Since we used wood in our work, it is necessary that the material we use not only decorate the wood, but also become a kind of protection. Therefore, it is best to purchase a translucent paint or a simple varnish. At the same time, it is desirable to carry out painting work in warm weather, and the tree itself must be dry. The stairs are painted with a roller or brushes from top to bottom, painting over the fence and steps at each level. The average drying time of the material is about three days.

By the way, in order for the tree to serve you as long as possible, it must be stored for several days in the room where the repair will be carried out so that the difference in temperature does not affect the structure and quality of the wood. Thus, turning stairs to the second floor are, although quite difficult to create on their own, but also the most practical designs. Saving space, the ability to install both near the walls and in the center of the room are not the only pluses!