Waterproofing strip foundation: types of work, the need for them. Effective ways to waterproof foundations of various types How to waterproof a strip foundation

How to protect the bath from destruction as a result of exposure to groundwater? The answer to this question is simple - do-it-yourself waterproofing of the strip foundation will help solve this problem. It is necessary to protect not only the sole of the foundation from moisture, but also the basement and the basement. Knowing the rules for waterproofing the strip foundation with your own hands, you can easily protect other elements of the bath. All parts of this building need high-quality waterproofing - outside walls, floor, roof, window and door openings, with the exception of internal walls.

Features of waterproofing the strip foundation of the bath

The strip foundation does not always need protection from groundwater. This becomes necessary when the level of groundwater leakage is too high or when there is a possibility of a seasonal increase in the groundwater level, such as during spring floods. With poor-quality construction of the blind area or its destruction, groundwater enters the foundation from the outside. Insulation should be carried out wherever there is a possibility of an increase in the amount of groundwater or its flow in places where hydrostatic pressure occurs. The waterproofing layer must be continuous and located outside the protected part of the building.

If groundwater lies at a distance of no more than 1 m from the bottom of the base of the bath, the foundation needs to be waterproofed. The level of occurrence of groundwater in this case may vary. A distance of 1 m is the worst case, usually occurring during spring floods. The level of groundwater can be equal to 2 m, which must be taken into account when deciding on the implementation of capital waterproofing of the base. In this case, coating waterproofing is enough to protect the tape base from the negative effects of rising moisture.

The next situation related to groundwater, leading to the need for waterproofing, is the possibility of changes in the level of groundwater with annual fluctuations. The level of groundwater occurrence may increase with increasing pressure on the soil during development of the adjacent territory. Or when drainage is made in neighboring areas and water is discharged from the drainage holes into a reservoir that does not have waterproofing. Such a reservoir can affect the soil, even if it is located a kilometer from the foundation of your bath. In this case, you can get by with waterproofing using coating materials. Regardless of the level of groundwater flow, one condition must be met: the base of the foundation must be on a sand cushion 10 cm thick and a corresponding layer of crushed stone. Such a pillow protects the foundation from the capillary rise in the height of groundwater. The crushed stone layer should consist of particles 4-5 cm in size.

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In what cases do you need waterproofing the foundation with your own hands?

If the groundwater runs too high, then before building the foundation with your own hands, drainage is required. Only then can the base be waterproofed. In the absence of a drainage system, the water under the sole of the building forms hydrostatic forces that reduce the pressure of the building on the ground. Due to the uneven distribution of these forces, the structure can move, and the base, left without load, overturns. Only a drainage system can cope with hydrostatic pressure.

On clay soils, the strip foundation should be protected from surface and groundwater. Water seeps into clay and loam very slowly, so it is directed towards the structure. Drainage is required in this case. In the presence of aggressive water in the soil, in the absence of waterproofing of the base, concrete can collapse in the same way as metal. Chemically active groundwater is of particular danger. Reinforced concrete foundation in such an environment should be made of concrete W4 and above.

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Do-it-yourself waterproofing of the foundation of the bath with the help of coating materials

To protect against a seasonal rise in the groundwater level, you can use the most economical method of waterproofing with coating materials. Such insulation does not protect against aggressive waters. Bituminous mastic cannot withstand water pressure over 2 m. Such a coating is not resistant to tensile and moving forces. To perform coating waterproofing, the following materials and tools will be required:

The material for waterproofing must be environmentally friendly and safe. Liquid construction bitumen is safe as long as it is not heated.

• bituminous mastic;
• geotextile;
• shovel;
• sand;
• brush.

Mastic should be applied to a clean, dry, pre-prepared plane. Mastic must be protected from mechanical impacts when backfilling with soil. In this case, dense geotextiles are used. When used for filling homogeneous soil, the waterproofing layer can be covered with wide strips of geotextile only in the corners of the structure. If the base is insulated to the freezing level of the soil, waterproofing will not need protection. To prevent incursion in hardened bitumen, the corners of the strip base must be rounded.

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Do-it-yourself waterproofing of the bath foundation using roll materials

For heating, a building hair dryer is usually used, which creates high temperatures. It can also be heated with a gas lamp. These are the main steps when waterproofing the foundation of a building with your own hands.

Rolled waterproofing is used to protect the foundation from the destructive effects of groundwater.

There are 2 ways to roll out material. The first of them is a vertical, rather convenient method. Laying starts from the top of the foundation. After covering the vertical surface for the length of the sheet, it must be bent and laid on a horizontal plane. It is not necessary to weld the material to the lower horizontal surface; it can be connected to concrete under soil pressure. The 2nd sheet is overlapped.

With horizontal rolling, the roll is unrolled along the structure. First, the roll is rolled out on a horizontal plane without welding, the material is pressed against the ground. Then the material is glued to a vertical plane so that the lower part of this row covers the previously laid horizontal canvas by 20 cm. Not all of the canvas can be fixed, but only its upper edge. The material, together with the insulation, is fixed with bulk soil to a vertical plane, sticking to it. The insulation work is completed with a canvas covering the upper horizontal surface.

This is a more complex rolling option, causing difficulties in heating large sheets of material. The foundation is covered with roofing material, having previously applied a heated bituminous mass to it. Roofing material is placed in 2 layers. Both materials must be applied on a flat surface.

The destructive action of moisture is prevented by the waterproofing of the strip foundation during the entire life of the house. The materials used, the methods of their application, the durability of the protection may be different.

The choice is made taking into account the whole complex of conditions of the construction site - geology, climate, building density, neighboring buildings.

Protection from natural factors

The engineering-geological study of the site, together with the characteristics of the climatic zone, will set the magnitude of seasonal fluctuations in the groundwater level (GWL).

The depth of occurrence is conditionally divided into two values:

• Above 2 m (high);
• Below 2 m (low).

During floods, heavy snowmelt, after heavy rains, the water level can rise up to 2 meters higher in the ground. Seasonal fluctuations should be taken into account in the most unfavorable values.

The influence of water bodies is felt at a distance of more than 1 km from the place where the facility was built. The necessary waterproofing of the strip foundation with your own hands is already carried out if the distance from its lower boundary to groundwater does not exceed 1 m.

Perspective accounting of changes

An important step in choosing waterproofing before starting work is to make an adjustment for the future, look a little further after the house is built. The hydraulic component can be affected by:

• Increased pressure on the support due to the dense building of the site. The water will rise;
• Long-term cycle of changes in reservoir water saturation;
• Changing the drainage system of neighboring areas (including the arrangement of water collectors, dams, wells);
• Violation of the movement of high groundwater (creation of a monolithic obstacle to the flow in the ground on slopes) due to the new construction of houses with buried strip foundations.

Types of waterproofing

Moisture to the surface of the filled monolith comes from above (precipitation), from the sides, from below. It is necessary to make a barrier to absorption in two directions:

1. horizontal. Rolled materials cut off the capillary rise from the foundation to the walls, from the pillow to concrete. The blind area must be made to prevent the seepage of water from the surface of the soil to the concrete of the outer part of the foundation. For this purpose, a screed with a slope of 2 ÷ 3 ° should protrude beyond the roof cut by at least 0.3 m. .
2. Vertical. Prevents infiltration of groundwater into the foundation structure. Capillary insulation prevents water from entering the concrete, non-pressure insulation protects against seasonal fluctuations in water saturation of the layers, and anti-pressure insulation prevents the penetration of groundwater.

Doubts about the need for insulation arise at the stage following the pouring of unburied tapes directly into a trench dug in dry earth. The presence of a cushion provides a gap in front of rising drops of moisture. If the solution is placed in a form covered with a film, the foundation of the built house will stand for a long time.

Horizontal waterproofing should be done according to SNiP 3.04.01-87. The procedure for waterproofing work for the foundation of a house is established by SNiP 3.04.01-87, SNiP 2.03.11-85, SNiP 3.04.03-85

Separation by method of application

Depending on the consistency of the material, the application method can be:

• coating;
• spraying;
• pasting;
• impregnation;

Methods performed by certified specialists:

• injection;
• shielding.

If the capillary rise of moisture prevails on the surface of the house located underground, then coating, spraying, bitumen or polymer compositions (liquid rubber) are done. The mastic is in a hot / cold state - it depends on the composition.

Rolled materials (films, geotextiles, roofing material) are overlapped on the previously prepared surface, with heating after the burner, rolling out air bubbles with a roller.

Impregnation compositions penetrate deeply into the structure of monolithic concrete (blocks) and create a water-repellent layer of vertical insulation from water of sufficient thickness.

If a basement, cellar, basement floor is built in the house, waterproofing of the vertical walls of the tape, after solidification, is mandatory.

The injection method is used as a repair measure for cracked or internally cavity bases. The method is expensive, but sometimes the only possible one, if there is no technical access to the surface being repaired, there are deep damages to the bearing belt of the house after it has been built.

Shielding is an expensive, rarely used method. It consists in the installation of a protective casing from special mats or plates.

Material selection

The qualities of the polymer material from which the waterproofing of the foundation-tape is made:

• Water repellency (hydrophobicity);
• Water resistant structure;
• Elasticity, adhesion after application to a rough surface;
• Adhesion to concrete;
• Manufacturability (quite easy to be processed, installed in construction conditions, the ability to connect into a solid surface after soldering or gluing);
• Durability in the ground with repeated temperature fluctuations.

The most common materials for brushing are bituminous mastics. Do-it-yourself application allows you to carefully fill all the pores of the surface with a fluid composition.

All parts are covered in 3-4 layers, allowing to dry for a day at each stage. The advantages include the possibility of independent work, the maintainability of any individual section, the availability of material.

When applying the hot method, it is necessary to observe safety measures, use personal protective equipment.

The use of dry plaster mixtures with hydrophobic additives for coating is possible if the composition is frost-resistant. However, even under favorable conditions, cracking occurs after 10-15 years, requiring repair. Hydraulic resistance is not high.

Mounting material

If you apply roll materials, then you can’t manage it yourself. Assistants are invited to this stage. SNiPs allow the use of:

• fiberglass;
• polyvinyl chloride film;
• brizol;
• hydroisol (hydrostekloizol);
• polyisobutylene.

When spraying liquid rubber, one must not only be able to use a sprayer, but also cover the resulting surface of the lower part of the house with a geotestile to protect the entire area. Can also be applied with a brush.

Sticking of materials is carried out from top to bottom. The vertical rows must be made with a decoupling of 0.4 m at the joints of the seams. At the next stage, the corners are booked, after closing the vertical walls, with the same sheet, 0.2-0.3 m overlap in each direction. Use gas flame burners, propane in cylinders and protective equipment.

Watch a video on how to waterproof a strip base.

Liquid rubber in the finished state is not stored. It is necessary to calculate how much will be used immediately when you open the package or mix the two-component composition. Under the rubber primer is needed.

The service life will be 50-70 years.

Important Points

According to GOST 12.3.009, the following rules must be observed:

1. The maximum humidity of the poured concrete is not more than 4%;
2. Waterproofing from spray or paint compositions is carried out after the primer has completely dried;
3. The thickness of the waterproofing layer is from 0.3 cm to 0.6 cm.

If the house is built close to the groundwater level, it is necessary to carry out gumming work (SNiP 3.04.03-85). Protection is recruited from rubber sheets and vulcanized at the joints.

How to make drainage

If there is a high GWL, heaving soil, the horizontal waterproofing of a part of the house includes a drainage system.

Watch the video on how to properly mount the drainage of the tape base.

Drainage happens:

• Annular. Distance 5-8 m from the walls in the form of a solid or open circle.
• Wall mounted. The distance from the walls is equal to the width of the foundation. The depth is not greater than its depth.
• Plast. The pipes are laid under the area of ​​the building.

The outlet pipes are laid in a permeable filler (coarse gravel, sand) and discharged into a drain tank, which must be built outside the site.

Water destroys the building structures of the building, making them unusable, reducing the service life. This is especially true for the underground part of the house, which is exposed to several types of moisture at once. Outside, rain and melt water has a devastating effect on it, and groundwater causes trouble in the soil, the level of which may vary depending on the season. Waterproofing methods for the foundation of a building depend on its type and method of manufacture (tape, slab, pillars or piles).

How does moisture affect

There are several ways in which water can lead to the destruction of a concrete foundation:

• Washing out of the structure of particles, the formation of bumps and potholes due to aggressive components in rain or ground water.
• Destruction when water penetrates into the body of the foundation and freezes it there. The fact is that water is the only substance on the planet that, when it goes into a frozen state, expands, and does not decrease in volume. Getting into the capillaries, it exerts strong pressure on the foundation from the inside, which leads to the appearance of cracks and crevices.

That is why the waterproofing of the foundation is important and should be carried out immediately after the construction of the structure.

Types of moisture protection by location

In general, the foundation waterproofing device is divided into three groups:

• horizontal;
• vertical;
• blind area device.

Depending on the type of foundation, several methods can be applied simultaneously.

Combined moisture protection

Horizontal is designed to prevent the penetration of moisture between different levels. It can be made from various materials. It is provided for all types of foundations (tapes, slabs, pillars, piles).

Vertical is needed so that groundwater cannot affect the foundation. Not all types of grounds need such protection. Required only for strip and column supports at home. Horizontal protection is provided for all types (device of tape, plate or free-standing supports).

The blind area device protects the base from the penetration of rainwater and melt in the spring. Here, the width of the structure is essential. If it is insufficient, then the moisture will be removed a short distance and will be able to get to the foundation. This type of protection reduces the load on all others, allowing them to increase their service life.

Vertical and horizontal insulation

Waterproofing with roll material

Foundation waterproofing can be carried out using various means of protection. Separately, it is worth considering the vertical and horizontal views and the blind area, since the materials in these cases will differ quite a lot.

Protection of the buried part of the building with vertical and horizontal insulation suggests that materials can be used for the following methods:

• pasting;
• coating;
• penetrating;
• plastering;
• injection;
• mounted;
• structural (additives in concrete).

It is worth separately understanding what material to use in each case.

Okleyechnaya

Such protection of the structure is carried out using roll options on a bituminous binder. Fusion or bonded material can be used. Built-up types imply the presence of an adhesive layer that is heated at high temperatures and adheres to the surface. To fix the insulation without an adhesive layer on the base, it will be necessary to use bituminous mastic as a connecting agent.

Covering materials include:

The use of roofing material is the most common method

• only(the material is outdated and it is not recommended to use it as a protection for the critical structures of the house, but it is worth noting its low cost);
• glassine(waterproofing of the foundation based on thick dense cardboard, which is impregnated with bituminous binder, cannot be attributed to reliable and durable methods, but will significantly save money);
• ruberoid(remains the leader among rolled insulation due to its affordable price, the service life is quite short);
• polymeric materials impregnated with bitumen fiberglass or polyester backing(here, as an example, the following common options for protecting the walls and foundations of a house from moisture can be given: Linokrom, Gidroizol, TechnoNIKOL, Stekloizol, Bikrost, etc.).

The last group is the most reliable option, but the price of such material can be quite high.

But here it is worth considering their long service life, which will reduce the frequency of repairs. The advantages of the pasting method include the fact that it can be provided for various surfaces:

• concrete;
• wood;
• metal;
• asphalt concrete;
• old waterproofing coating (during repair).

Coating insulation

Foundation waterproofing in this case is most often performed using bituminous mastics. To protect the buried part of the building and the walls of the house, one-component and two-component compositions are used. In addition to bitumen, you can now find more reliable and modern options on the building materials market:

• polymer resins;
• bitumen-polymer resins;
• bitumen-rubber mastics.

Unlike ordinary bitumen, which cracks at low temperatures, these mixtures with additional additives are resistant to cold. The disadvantage of more modern options is their price, which cannot compete with conventional bitumen-based mastic. The latter is best used to protect the structures of the house with a deep location of groundwater.

Penetrating insulation

Waterproofing the foundation in this way prevents moisture from entering the concrete capillaries. This increases the strength of the surface layer of concrete. Waterproofing a strip foundation in this way is often carried out using an additional coating or pasting layer.

On average, the penetration depth is 15-25 cm, but some materials are able to go deep by 90 cm. It is important to note that such methods are only suitable for concrete. When used on brick and stone, they are useless.

The most common compositions for this method of processing steel:

1. "Penetron";
2. "Peneplug";
3. "Hydrohit";
4. "Penecrete".
5. "Osmosil".

Protection of the concrete base from moisture

The technology for protecting the foundations and walls of the house in this way implies a thoroughly cleaned, degreased and even base, therefore it is recommended for use on new buildings.

Paint and plaster insulation

Waterproofing the foundation with your own hands using paint and plaster compositions is not durable and reliable. If possible, it is better to give preference to other ways to protect the foundations and walls of the house, since the average service life of such materials is 5 years.

Injection isolation

Technique for introducing polyurethane resin into the base

The option is suitable for repairing a base that has already been put into operation. The technology allows you to protect the foundation without excavation work. Injectors are introduced to the supports and deliver the insulating substance. The following materials can be used as raw materials:

• foam;
• resins;
• acrylate gels;
• rubber;
• cement-containing mixtures;
• polymer compositions.

Mounted insulation

Waterproofing the foundation in this way allows you to most effectively deal with the high level of groundwater and their high pressure. It is mainly used for strip foundations when it is required to protect an underground room.

The most reliable way of mounted waterproofing can be called a steel caisson. In this case, the structure of the walls and floor of the basement is sheathed from the inside with sheets of steel 4-6 mm thick. The option is very expensive, so it is extremely rarely used.

Brick walls are sometimes erected outside, but in most cases this method is used in conjunction with a pasting or coating option. The brick is more likely not to protect the foundation from moisture, but to protect the waterproofing from mechanical damage.

blind area device

Do-it-yourself waterproofing of the foundation in this case involves using the following blind area materials to protect the structure from the outside from atmospheric moisture:

Blind area production

• concrete;
• asphalt concrete;
• clay;
• paving slabs;
• diffusion membranes.

The choice of the method of manufacturing the blind area depends on the preferences of the future owner of the house, the architectural solution and the availability of materials. The cheapest option for the blind area will be its laying of concrete or asphalt. This option does not have an attractive appearance, but allows you to protect the foundation without much labor. In addition, savings on raw materials for manufacturing are provided. The blind area device made of concrete or asphalt is popular in the mass construction of multi-apartment residential buildings and administrative and public buildings.

Waterproofing technology depending on the type of foundation

Each type of support under a building needs certain protection options. Before waterproofing the foundation, you need to find out what is required for a full range of activities.

Strip foundation protection

The waterproofing of the strip foundation is different for the monolithic and prefabricated versions. Let's take a look at the assembly first. To prevent damage to the underground walls of the house and flooding of the basement, the following measures will be required:

• arrangement of a reinforced joint between factory-made foundation slabs and concrete blocks of basement walls;
• laying the roll material in the first seam between the blocks, which is located below the basement floor mark;
• rolled material is mounted along the edge of the foundation at the junction of the walls and the supporting structure;
• vertical insulation of the underground part of the tape from the outside;
• blind area device.

Strip base protection

It is important to note that at the junction of foundation slabs and concrete blocks, it is impossible to lay materials on a bituminous binder. This can lead to displacement of elements relative to each other. Only a thickened concrete joint is suitable here. Insulation along the edge of the foundation is necessary so that the different moisture content of the material of the supporting parts of the structure and wall fences does not lead to destruction. For horizontal insulation, gluing methods are used.

It is better to perform vertical insulation from the outside, since this will not only protect the room, but also the load-bearing elements. In new construction, walls can be treated with gluing or coating materials. The interior is being renovated. In this case, a penetrating or injection type is used.

If you need to perform a set of waterproofing works for a monolithic tape, then it is worth considering the following measures:

• vertical isolation;
• waterproofing along the edge of the foundation;
• blind area device.

Materials are selected in the same way as for the prefabricated version.

Protection of columnar and pile foundations

A simple method of moisture protection

Here the simplest type of protection against moisture is used. It will only be necessary to make insulation along the edge of the foundation. Its location depends on the material of the grillage. If the strapping is made of the same material as the foundation, then the roll materials are laid at the point of contact between the grillage and the walls. You can consider another option. For example, a wooden house rests on metal piles. In this case, the lower crown of the walls will serve as a grillage, so the insulating layer is laid on the heads of the supporting elements.

Foundation plate protection

To protect against moisture, the following measures will need to be provided here:

• concrete preparation of lean concrete to protect the slab from underground water and level the base;
• waterproofing for concrete preparation;
• protection from external moisture.

Foundation slab waterproofing

For the manufacture of the second layer, roll methods are used when installing the plate. It is best to focus on modern materials, since after pouring the slab, it is almost impossible to monitor the condition of such insulation or carry out repairs. For small buildings with a low degree of responsibility and low water saturation of the soil, polyethylene film is often used.

To protect the plate from moisture that can get from above, it must be treated with penetrating compounds. Sometimes in private housing construction they resort to using the following method: a solution for penetrating insulation is introduced into the concrete.

Also, after pouring the slab, it will be necessary to provide for the laying of roll material in the places where the walls are supported.

Before you properly waterproof the foundation (tape plates, piles, pillars), you need to carefully study the issue. It is important to use quality materials. If you save at this stage of construction, you can spend a large amount of money on repairs during operation.

Experienced people think of houses with a zero floor, in which you can place all communications, adjustable nodes and collectors, make a pantry, a drying room (many housewives dream of this). And here all the most interesting begins. As you understand, the foundation of the house is the foundation and the waterproofing of the foundation is simply necessary.

And in order for the basement to be cozy, comfortable and have an optimal microclimate, you should do the waterproofing of the foundation with your own hands. And this applies not only to houses with a zero base, but also to buildings erected on pile and strip foundations.

From the correct waterproofing of the base, the life of the entire housing depends. In this article, we will talk about how to properly waterproof the foundation.

The effect of moisture on the foundation

Many may say that this is all nonsense, because concrete only gains strength and becomes stronger from water. And it can gain and maintain this strength for many years. But not everything is so rosy, moisture has a negative effect on the entire foundation.

What effect does water have on the foundation of a house?

Now you understand what effect moisture has on a concrete foundation. It affects the state of all components and structural elements.

Foundation waterproofing materials

It should be said right away that there are two ways to protect the foundation from moisture.

The first is the use of waterproofing materials to protect the walls of the foundation, we will talk about this below.

The second is the use of special grades of concrete (bridge concrete).

This option is used much less often for a number of reasons:

• The cost of concrete increases by 30-50%.
• Not every manufacturer is able to produce these brands of solutions.
• This type of concrete mortar cannot be transported far, as it sets quickly.

Stir vigorously with a wooden stick and our material is ready for use. The disadvantage of using such material is the service life of about 5 years, after which the bituminous surface will begin to crack.

The surface is cleaned of dirt and dust, primed. After drying, apply the composition to the wall with a brush. And so we repeat 2-3 times. The corners should be reinforced with a reinforcing element (fiberglass).

1. sprayed materials. It is a "liquid rubber" and creates a seamless single layer on the surface of the foundation if bituminous latex emulsion and a special spraying device are used.

If it is planned to apply the material manually, then elastomix and elastopaz are used for this - these are one-component “liquid rubber” compositions. Approximate consumption per 1 sq. m. - 350 gr.

Elastopaz is sold in buckets of 18 kg., It is applied in two layers, dries up within a day. After use, leftovers can be stored in a bucket.

Elastomiks is sold in buckets of 10 kg, the kit comes with an adsorbent that acts as an activator. This activator accelerates the hardening process and after two hours the composition will turn into rubber. Apply in one layer, dries in 2 hours. The rest is not subject to storage.

The disadvantage of using "liquid rubber" is that the surface treated with this material must be protected from stones and debris when backfilling the foundation. To do this, it should be covered with geotextile or erect a pressure wall.

We clean the wall from dust and dirt. We prime the surface. After the primer dries, apply the composition with a sprayer (preferable) or with a brush and roller.

1. Plaster materials. It is applied like ordinary plaster with a spatula, used for leveling and sealing the joints of the vertical wall of the foundation. Experts recommend using a plaster mesh for greater strength. Moisture resistance can be provided by components (asphalt mastics, polymer concrete or hydro concrete) that are part of the mixture.

The advantage of this technology is ease of application, and minus a short service life. Typically, plaster is used to level and prepare the surface before applying bituminous or rolled waterproofing.

The most famous materials are hydrotex, penetron and aquatron-6. For better adhesion, they should be applied to a wet concrete base. Apply in several layers.

This method is widely used as a repair. That is, when already during operation it is required to eliminate leaks in the foundation. Very expensive foundation waterproofing technology.

1. Roll materials. The most common is paper-based roofing material. But modern waterproofing in rolls is a modified polymer material applied to a base made of fiberglass, polyester or fiberglass. Modern pasting waterproofing is more expensive, but better and more durable. The running modern roll materials include: Rubitex, Gidrostekloizol, Technoelast, TechnoNIKOL and others.

The material can be applied in two ways, gluing and fusing. Various bituminous mastics are used as glue. And the melting of the material occurs due to heating by a burner (gas or gasoline).

It is recommended to apply two layers. The advantages include quality and long service life. To the disadvantages, a long process and you can’t do without assistants.

Recently appeared on the building materials market. Self-adhesive roll waterproofing material.

We clean the surface from dirt and dust. We apply a layer of bituminous mastic. It should not be carefully applied here, since the mastic is a connecting element when the roofing material is melted.

Then the roofing material is heated with a burner and applied to a layer of hot bituminous mastic. The sheets are laid with an overlap of 10-15 cm. If the gluing method is used, then the surface should be treated with a primer before applying the mastic.

Types of waterproofing foundations

There are only two types, these are horizontal and vertical waterproofing.

Horizontal waterproofing of the foundation is carried out only during the construction of the building. After construction, it is not possible to make it.

It can be used on almost any surface, and most importantly does not shrink after application. We clean all the simply obtained strobes from dust and dirt, treat with a primer.

We prepare the composition according to the instructions. And fill the resulting seams as tightly as possible. As soon as the repair compound has set, it should be moistened with plenty of water. Then it is treated with a primer.

This repair compound will help restore the protective functions of your foundation, but experts recommend using penetrating compounds in addition.

Conclusion

It should be noted that full foundation protection is a combination of vertical and horizontal waterproofing of the foundation. And what material to use is your choice, the most important thing is to follow the technology.

And most importantly, no insulation can withstand direct exposure to moisture for a long time, so roof drains, storm systems, formwork, drainage systems, both on the ground and underground, should be provided.

Kirill Sysoev

Calloused hands do not know boredom!

Content

Ground water, moisture, weather dampness - all this poses a natural threat to a building if its foundation is not adequately protected from water. So that concrete and other materials in the foundation structure do not suffer from moisture, creating a damp atmosphere in the lower rooms, it is necessary to carry out a number of works during construction, the main of which is foundation waterproofing. What materials, technologies are best suited for this and whether it is possible to cope with the process on your own - find the answers below.

What is foundation waterproofing

Any waterproofing is a series of works aimed at warming, protecting the foundation from the influence, penetration of moisture, reducing the natural absorbency of concrete. This procedure is especially relevant if the house stands on wet soil or has a basement, garage, basement. There are different ways to treat the base from moisture:

• bitumen, bituminous mastics are common;
• followed by cement-polymer compositions;
• liquid rubber and self-adhesive roll materials are used.

What is needed for

Concrete is the main component of any foundation, it has a porous, pliable structure, so the liquid from the atmosphere and soil always seeps into it, destroying the integrity of the structure, creating and increasing microcracks. Ultimately, this will help lead to such serious consequences as partial destruction, decay, crumbling of the house at the base.

Protection from water is necessary for every building in order to increase the period of its safe, guaranteed operation, to protect the house from dampness and its unpleasant components - fungus, mold. Modern waterproofing eliminates all these dangers with the help of functional, affordable building materials and simple technology.

Horizontal waterproofing

Depending on the characteristics of the material and terrain, a horizontal or vertical type of procedure is used. Horizontal provides good protection for ceilings, walls, plinths, terraces and balconies from capillary water, it is laid along the edge of the base, slightly above the level of the blind area. To perform, use a roll or impregnating method. Horizontal waterproofing of the foundation is carried out at the beginning of construction, before the walls are erected.

Vertical waterproofing

It is better to use light bituminous mixtures for this, which insulate buildings and do not weigh down its structure. Vertical waterproofing is necessary to protect the side walls, frame, doorway nodes, underground rooms, from the penetration of surface water. Since this part of the building is often exposed to external factors, it is necessary to apply an additional layer on top of the main protective one.

rolled

Pasting waterproofing of the foundation is made using materials such as roofing felt, glass isol, glassine, which are glued in several layers using mastic or special glue. Other methods are film diffusion membranes, which have high vapor conductivity and protect the interior of the building well, or bituminous, polymeric rolls attached by a hot, welded method (for better connection with the surface).

The amount of material needed for horizontal protection against groundwater should be calculated in advance: the future protective layer should be about 3 mm if the sole of the base is at least 3 meters. The thickness and number of coatings depends on the quality, strength of the material, the recommended standards are often indicated on the packaging.

Coating

Bituminous insulation is used when soil moisture is low, when groundwater is at least 2 meters below the basement level. It protects well from capillary moisture, is applied in 3-4 layers manually or with a mechanical sprayer. Material - bitumen, bitumen-polymer mixtures and rubber mastics, additional coatings with a base, varnish, paint. Available cold, soft, ready-to-use, or hot, hard, which must be preheated.

How to make waterproofing

Masters recommend laying horizontal waterproofing layers before the construction of the main supporting structure: clay is poured into the bottom of the pit, covered with a concrete screed, then two layers of bitumen and roofing material and another screed. If the soil tends to store water, a drainage system may be required for better protection. The waterproofing of the foundation takes place in several stages:

1. preparation of a trench at least 1 meter wide, in depth - 0.5 meters below the sole of the base;
2. grouting the outer layer for better adhesion to waterproof coatings;
3. primer using the selected technology.

Waterproofing strip foundation

The tape construction is one of the most reliable, since the layers of reinforced concrete fit snugly against each other, with virtually no seams. It is influenced by groundwater, capillary and sedimentary water, and you can choose a non-pressure, anti-pressure or capillary (most effective) method. All of them will well protect the building from melt water, rain, minor floods, penetration of soil moisture. When waterproofing a strip foundation, it is important to take into account the degree of swelling of the soil during freezing, the characteristics of the soil, and the amount of precipitation.

Column foundation waterproofing

A column foundation is a good solution for small, lightweight structures, or for cost savings on large-scale buildings. To protect this design from moisture, different technologies are used, depending on the surface material:

• monolithic concrete slabs must be coated with bituminous mastics;
• blocks - with liquid mastics or glued with rolled materials;
• for a brick foundation, pasting with rolls is better.

Before waterproofing the columnar foundation, it is necessary to thoroughly clean, level the working surface, treat it with mastic and two layers of fixing roofing material; for complete protection, you can cover the outer side of the foundation 30 cm above ground level with the same layer. This will help maintain the integrity and strength of the material, increase the life of the building.

What waterproofing to choose for the foundation

Types of waterproofing foundations differ in the type of materials used, the method of application and the effect on the surface. Prices vary, so you need to choose the right method, taking into account the purpose of the building, soil characteristics and available finances. It is important to keep in mind that not all types can be performed on your own; some require special equipment and the help of other people. What are the ways:

• Coating. A cheap option, suitable for small, shallow buildings: sheds, garages, outbuildings. For better protection and insulation, you can cover the top with geotextiles or install drainage.
• Roll. Hot bituminous mastic and several layers of roofing material are used, a reliable and durable method.
• Plaster. It helps with the threat of capillary water. Cement-containing mixtures are required (hydroconcrete, asphalt concrete), they must be applied hot, just like ordinary plaster, in several layers.
• Sprayed. With the help of a special building sprayer, without pre-treatment of the walls. It is recommended to lay a reinforced layer on top of the spraying to fix the insulating effect. Materials - polyurethane foam, liquid rubber.
• Penetrating. Penetrates deeply into the material, fills all cracks and cavities, well protects against capillary water and moisture. Expensive, high-quality and effective method.
• Screen. It is used with a strong impact of groundwater, it is a layer of oily clay, geotextile or a brick wall.

How to choose waterproofing

When choosing a way to protect the house from moisture, you need to carefully study all the features of the structure and the area in which it is located (weather, soil, proximity to water bodies). Waterproofing materials for foundations should be chosen based on the estimate, not to save on quantity and quality, so that you do not have to dismantle the structures and repair the foundation in a couple of years.

• For tape construction, it is better to choose bitumen or polymer compositions; penetrating or plaster coating.
• For columnar and pile-screw bases, different methods are suitable depending on the desired degree of protection, but it is recommended to cover them with an anti-corrosion agent on top.
• It is good to combine vertical and horizontal protection, but if the possibility of horizontal protection has been missed, then it is better to use the roll method or spraying with liquid rubber.
• It is better to determine the method of hydroprotection at the very beginning of construction in order to take this into account when laying and pouring the foundation.
• A combination of several methods can have a good effect.

The price of waterproofing

The cost of waterproofing a foundation of a certain type includes all basic, additional materials (glue, primer, roofing material), construction work (digging a trench, ditch), and the services of craftsmen, if you use their help. You can buy everything you need in an online store with delivery, in a supermarket, order a service - on any website of a construction company or private specialists. Buying a turnkey house waterproofing can cost 600 rubles per m2, the prices of materials are very different, depending on the composition and manufacturer.

Cost of work per m2

You can buy waterproofing for the foundation at any construction company, this procedure is often included in the general price of work. You can order it separately from specialists, with a complete diagnosis of the site and possible threats. Plastering and coating waterproofing are cheap, penetrating, sprayed procedures have the most expensive price. Approximate prices for waterproofing foundations in Moscow and the region are shown in the table:

materials

To protect the base of the house from moisture on your own, or to control the cost of services, you need to navigate the prices of materials. In large cities (Moscow, St. Petersburg), all possible tools, mastics, rolled, sprayed coatings are on sale. Additional mixtures will be needed to process the finished waterproofing layer. When buying foundation waterproofing material, you can save money if you follow promotions and sales in stores: often you can buy the right product at a discount. Look at the average prices in Moscow in the table:

Do-it-yourself foundation waterproofing