Terrace structures. Monolithic: tape and slab

Many owners of individual dwellings often think about new extensions. After all, when you yourself are the owner of the cottage or personal plot, you definitely want to do something exclusive and as comfortable as possible. Consider one of the most common options for extensions - a veranda. At the same time, we will analyze the methods of its construction with our own hands.

The need for a veranda. Functions

The need for a veranda own house is obvious, because it is a place where it is easy to gather with the whole family for a summer barbecue dinner, and at the same time hide from the evening rain and watch its threads through the large windows. But at the same time, I want to be able, being on the veranda, to warm myself from the autumn wind. It is often assumed that a certain greenhouse is placed inside such an annex. Hence the functions that this building should have:

• good roof, preferably transparent or matte,
• huge windows,
• warm walls,
• big space,
• close connection with the house.

A similar extension to the house is sometimes also called a terrace.

Design options with photo

To illustrate, here are a few options. attached veranda. Here, for example, is the design of the simplest summer structure associated with a house.

A simple open veranda does not protect from the cold

Here we see the classic version: the roof of a residential building is initially extended, then the hanging edge is supported by poles, after which the floor is paved. The open veranda is ready. However, in autumn, as in the photograph, it will be very cold and uncomfortable inside such a space.

Another thing is when the veranda is finished with glass. Then the wind will not blow into it. Here is a similar design.

Veranda with glass walls in the form of windows well protects from the wind

Here the columns are already capital, made of brickwork, and the area between the columns is covered with huge windows, which at the same time provides both aesthetics and protection from the wind, and excellent visibility.

An even more reliable option in terms of heat is a capital veranda.

The building in this case is more like a room at home.

Here the terrace is, as it were, part of the house. The degree of glazing is also high, but there are also solid walls and underfloor heating, powered by house heating or electric current. Although the feeling of the presence of the surrounding world is still created.

How to build with your own hands: step by step instructions

Project and drawing

We start with design. It is necessary at this stage to determine the size of the veranda. The width of the building is usually taken no more than 3 m, otherwise the terrace will be too cumbersome. But as for the length, then the owners must decide for themselves whether to stretch the veranda for the whole house or not. Most often, a summer room is attached to only half or a third of the building.

1. Foundation. For the veranda the most good option is columnar. At the same time, several metal or asbestos pipes are simply laid in the project, which will be dug into the ground while standing to the depth of soil freezing. Their insides will have to be concreted with reinforcing bars. It is advisable to connect the protruding pipe heads with a grillage - a concreted tape around the perimeter.
2. Walls. There is a consensus on this issue: it is better to use the same material from which the house is built, because each type of building element has its own degree of expansion. For example, a wooden veranda can deform a little over time and “press” on brick house. If the hut is made of logs, then a terrace made of boards will come in handy.
3. Roof. Usually it is single-sided. There is scope for design ideas. Most often, a transparent roof is made, for example, from colored polycarbonate. You can use thick glass, but it is enough and just to extend the roof of the house, whether it is slate or tile. The main thing is to withstand the necessary bias. Usually the slope of the roof of the veranda is less than that of the slopes of the roof of the house, since the width of the extension is small. A large slope of the roof of the veranda will underestimate its front part too much.

We will talk more about the choice of suitable components at each stage of construction in the process of describing the general step-by-step instructions. Having decided on the materials and dimensions, they make a drawing or sketch.

Typical scheme-drawing of the veranda of the house

The figure indicates the dimensions of the future building, as well as important dimensions, for example, the distance between the connecting elements, the slope of the roof, and so on.

Required materials and calculation with detailed examples

As an example, let's write the instructions for the construction wooden frame shed veranda 3 meters long and 2 meters wide. We will take the height of such an extension to be 2 m directly near the house and 1.7 m from the front side.

For the construction of such a veranda, we will use the following components:

• wooden beams 100 mm x 100 mm with a total length of 42 m,
• logs in the form of wooden beams 50 mm x 100 mm each 3 m long (with a margin) - 4 pieces (for 3 meters of a building, according to building codes, 4 supports for the roof are enough),
• edged boards 20 mm thick for walls, board dimensions: 200 mm x 3 m, 200 mm x 2 m, their total area is 10 m 2,
• boards for roof sheathing 25 mm thick, with dimensions of 150 mm x 3 m, with a total area of ​​​​4.5 m 2,
• floor boards with an area of ​​​​2 m x 3 m, that is, an area of ​​\u200b\u200b6 m 2, board size: 30 mm x 250 mm x 2 m,
• nails about 2 kg.
• a metal or asbestos pipe with a diameter of 100 mm for a foundation 1.5 m long - 6 pieces (1 piece for each meter of the length of the building is quite enough according to building codes),
• polyethylene with an area of ​​​​approximately 1 m 2 (for 6 pipes),
• mastic for coating the ends of pipes - 1 bucket,
• fittings with a diameter of 8 mm - 12 bars (2 per pipe) 1.5 m each (according to the length of the pipes),
• cement 15 kg,
• sand 45 kg.

We will show how the calculation of materials was made.

To pour concrete into the insides of pipes inserted into the ground with a diameter of 100 mm, you will need some cement and sand. The total volume is equal to the product of the number of pipes and their volume. The latter is calculated as the product of the cross-sectional area of ​​​​the pipe and its length: V \u003d 0.1 x 0.1 x 1.5 \u003d 0.015 m 3. Here, for simplicity, the cross-sectional area of ​​the pipe is taken as the cross-sectional area of ​​a square of 100 mm x 100 mm.

For six pipes, the volume will be as follows: V total. \u003d 6 x 0.015 \u003d 0.09 m 3. Let us take the volume of solution we need to be 0.1 m3. According to building codes, to prepare such a volume, it is enough to take 15 kg of cement and 45 kg of sand.

Consider also lumber. Beams 100 mm x 100 mm are needed as connecting elements of the frame. We will have three horizontal trims, namely the lower perimeter at floor level, the window sill perimeter, the same at roof level. We will also have vertical racks, according to the number of pipes, 6 pieces of 2 m high are enough. In total, summing everything up, we get the total length of the beams 100 mm x 100 mm: L = (2 m + 3 m + 2 m + 3 m) x 3 + 2 m x 6 = 42 m.

On the walls of a standard height of 1 meter for verandas, you will need the number of boards that will cover an area equal to the product of the perimeter of the building and a height of 1 m: S \u003d (2 m + 3 m + 2 m + 3 m) x 1 \u003d 10 m 2.

Boards for purlins roofing will be mounted with slots equal to their width. Therefore, half the approximate area of ​​\u200b\u200broofing is sufficient. The latter is approximately 3 m x 3 m = 9 m 2 (including the roof slope). So, 4.5 m 2 is enough for us.

Construction tools

We need the following tools to work:

• hacksaw,
• hammer,
• axe,
• shovel for mixing mortar,
• bayonet shovel for digging.

How to build: step by step instructions

1. First you need to mark the future veranda. Relying on own drawing, we find the installation points of the foundation pipes. Maximum possible step between such supports is 2 m. It is advisable to retreat at least 4 cm from the foundation of the house and also determine the locations of the pits for the supports along the building.
2. The depth of the cavities for the foundation pipes should be about 1.5 m, depending on the region. The holes themselves can be dug with a shovel. There is an option to drill them with a universal hand drill. It is sold in many grocery stores. After preparing the cavities, they are filled with solid polyethylene for waterproofing, and then metal or asbestos-cement pipes are inserted into them. After that, two or three bars of reinforcement are pushed inside each such element and concrete is poured. The top end of each pipe must protrude at least 20 cm above the ground.
3. After the concrete has hardened, you can begin to mount the floor. But first you need to either make a grillage - connect all the pipes with a concrete tape, or at least pour it on total area future veranda gravel. If the described manipulations are not done, debris will subsequently accumulate under the floor of the terrace, and the coating itself will turn out to be cold for the feet of the owners.
4. Consider the option without a grillage, when the entire planned area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe veranda is covered with gravel. It's both cheaper and easier. After filling our plot of land with stones, they need to be leveled with a shovel. Next, it is necessary to lay along pipes protruding from the ground, smeared with mastic. wooden beams with a profile of 100 mm x 100 mm, fastening them in the corners with standard locks. These locks, made with an ax, are also called cuts or cuts. Their options are shown in the diagram below. The future floor will rest on the described beams.
   

   The diagram shows different types locks for connecting beams, we use the simplest

5. The next step is to build the frame of the veranda. We also make vertical racks from beams with a section of 100 mm x 100 mm. We fasten them with the perimeter of the base. We line after installing the verticals flooring edged boards with a thickness of 30 mm. We nail the floorboards to the beams with nails.
6. We install window sill beams at a height of 1 m, while fastening them vertically. The profile of the window sills can also be equal to 100 mm x 100 mm. To connect the beams in all cases, we use the classic lock, which was mentioned above. We also use screws or nails. All connections can be reinforced metal corners. After installing the window sill beams outside the veranda, we nail edged boards to close the space from the floor to the window sills.
7. Doing top harness future veranda. To do this, we connect the verticals with the same beams, then we rely on this design for standard logs for mounting the roof.
   

   Important to remember! Since a typical veranda uses shed roof, the front verticals should eventually be lower than the rear ones adjacent to the house by about 30 cm. If we did not take this into account right away, you can take a hacksaw and file the standing beams.

   The wooden frame of the veranda, in this case it is made close to the house, part of the frame rests on the foundation of the house, this option is acceptable

8. To build the roof of the terrace, a crate is nailed to the logs. Then they fix sheets of roofing material and lay the same solid material, which adorns the slopes of the common house roof. There are also other options here that will provide an exclusive architectural form. For example, frames can be mounted on logs and “filled” with especially strong glass. This solution will give additional heating of the room from the sun even in winter.
   

   On a note. IN last years another possibility has become widespread: it is enough to fasten sheets of polycarbonate used for the construction of greenhouses with screws to the logs. It is very convenient and practical material. It bends well, which allows you to create arched structures. With it, it is easy to make the most unusual roof near the veranda.

9. We can not fill the space for windows if we have enough open veranda. If it is decided that the building will be closed, it is enough to install ordinary glazed wooden frames. At the same time, window frames can be “equipped” with multi-colored glass, and exclusive stained-glass windows will be obtained, noticeable even from afar. A similar example can be studied in this photo.
   

   Stained glass in design wooden veranda, the glass here is custom made

10. Special attention must be paid to the installation of the door. The opening for this element is initially laid in the project on the side of the terrace. In no case should you install the veranda door directly opposite the common house entrance, otherwise drafts cannot be avoided!

Finishing floors, walls and ceilings. How to insulate and how

In our example Bottom part verandas are finished with boards. Such walls are easy to insulate from the inside with foam. You just need to glue the material plates with mounting glue. Outside, plank walls are easy to “sheath” with siding, it is screwed to the tree with self-tapping screws. insulating material with inside for additional insulation can be finished with aesthetic panels, for example, made of plastic.

There is an option to close the space between the window sill beams and the floor instead of boards with sandwich panels or OSB boards. In the latter case, it is enough to use sawdust enclosed in polyethylene as an insulating material. Plastic bags with sawdust are attached with metal mounting tape and nails. BUT inner surface after fixing plastic bags with sawdust, it is finished with plywood. There are no boundaries for design ideas, the final decision depends entirely on the owner.

In conclusion, we suggest watching a video on the topic.

Video: How to attach a wooden summer terrace to the house

We have provided design options and detailed instructions for the construction of a veranda, which is a continuation of a private house. It remains to add the last remark: when inventing an unusual, stylish veranda, do not forget about building codes and rules, and also try to make sure that your veranda does not spoil the overall picture of the house even at the design stage.

So that a city dweller can breathe at least occasionally on the 20th floor fresh air, people came up with balconies. The owners of private houses or cottages have more than enough air, but they are still drawn to inhale it with all the comforts: stretching out in a rocking chair or sipping tea at an elegant table. Putting furniture on the ground is inconvenient: you will make holes in the lawn, and your feet want some kind of hard coating. Such problems are removed by a terrace to a country house. It is easy to build and can be used all year round. Let's see what a terrace is and how you can mount it on your own.

Some summer residents confuse the concepts of "veranda" and "terrace". First, let's find out what their difference is, because further we will consider the installation features of only the terrace. These buildings have different purposes and structure:

• The terrace is built purely for recreation and is an open area on the foundation, which can be covered with a roof.
• The veranda is created as a cold room, preventing the direct penetration of outdoor air into the house. She is always attached to front door, serving as protection, and the terrace may not be attached to the house at all.
• The terrace has no walls. The veranda is almost always closed!
• The dimensions of the veranda can be minimal (only to protect the entrance). The terrace is being built spacious so that several people can rest.

Irregular shapes always win in originality over standard rectangular ones.

In order for you to understand how to build a terrace in the country, we first define its main elements. Any outdoor terrace will consist of:

1. foundations (it is also the foundation);
2. flooring;
3. auxiliary structures.

Of these items, only the first two are mandatory. The third varies depending on the imagination of the creator. So let's go, step by step.

Foundation laying

Work order:

1. Marking a place for future design. To do this, we drive reinforcing pins or wooden pegs into the ground along the perimeter and pull the twine over them.
2. We put temporary support in the corners (can be folded in 2 paving slabs), on which we lay the side logs. Approximately the terrace should be located 30-40 cm above the ground.
3. Using a level, we align the horizontal by placing construction waste (stone, pieces of brick, etc.) under the tiles. At the same time, remember that the logs should have a slope of about 2˚ from the house so that there is a good runoff during rains.
4. Align the stretched twine along top edge logs, tightly fix to the peg.
5. We remove the lags and proceed to create the foundation. To do this, we put cement columns in the corners, the height of which should coincide with the temporary support on which the logs were previously laid out.
6. We dig a trench between the posts, pour cement mortar and put sidewalk curbs in it, so that about half the height is in the ground. We level the plane with a level, we wait until the concrete hardens.
7. We create exactly the same basis on the opposite side.
8. The remaining voids near the curb are covered with sand.

Instead of a border, you can fill in the usual tape or columnar foundation. Also, some owners fill the interior space of the terrace with gravel and make a water drainage system.

In this sequence, both separate and attached terraces are created.

When installing the curb, be sure to check the horizontal level

Installation of wooden flooring

Work order:

1. We put logs on the posts and borders and fix them with screws.
2. We mark where we will fasten the bars.
3. We lay out the bars, connecting them with the lags with corners.
4. We lay boards. If you are using an ordinary tree, then it is better to buy larch, because it is ideally suited for outdoor conditions. Most often, boards with a width of 10-15 cm and a thickness of 2-3.5 cm are taken. The boards are not back-to-back, but keeping a gap for ventilation. This will help the deck avoid rotting.
5. We trim the edges of the flooring with a jigsaw.
6. We paint or varnish the coating.

Please note that if decking is laid instead of boards, then they begin to lay from the wall, retreating 1 cm from the building.

Frame assembly process. It is best to purchase a screwdriver for such work - it will significantly reduce the time

Leave free space between the boards for ventilation and precipitation

The edge will be smooth and even if it is corrected with a jigsaw

Auxiliary structures

Auxiliary structures include everything that allows you to make the arrangement of the terrace in the country house more comfortable. It can be a roof, railings or fences, pergolas for flowers and even a swing. It is the additional elements that make the terraces in the country house beautiful, unlike similar buildings of the neighbors.

Roof options

The most sought after additional elements the roof remains. It provides protection from natural factors both people and flooring. If the terrace is attached to the dacha, then the same roofing is more often mounted as on the main building.

Covered with the same material as the main building, the terrace becomes a harmonious continuation of the house.

Polycarbonate roofs are no less popular. They do not require a solid foundation. It is enough to cement at the corners of the structure supporting pillars from timber or asbestos.

More complex is the "green" roof. It is erected to create an additional landscape effect by planting plants and thinking through their composition. But keep in mind that for the normal growth of plantings, it is necessary to pour a high level of earth, make a layer of drainage, waterproofing, and this requires strong support. Otherwise, at one moment the heavy roof will collapse on the heads of its own owners. In such terraces, four pillars are indispensable. You will have to put supports around the perimeter of the structure and reinforce the crate.

If the building is used mainly in summer, then a removable roof can be made. It is a fabric canopy (marquise), which is sold ready-made. The awning extends and slides under the roof of the house manually or automatically. And if the terrace stands separately, then it is fixed with the help of metal racks. The fabric in the awnings is acrylic, reinforced with Teflon coating. She is not afraid of rain or scorching rays.

Fabric awnings (awnings) can be pulled out and retracted manually or automatically

Some owners use folding umbrellas in the design of the terrace, without bothering to install the roof. In principle, this option is more than enough to create shade on a summer day, especially if you only occasionally relax there.

If the terrace is located between buildings, then you can get by with a folding umbrella, because there is already enough shade

decorative design

To give the design of the terrace some zest, the easiest way is to decorate the site flower arrangements. It can be ampelous, potted plants planted around the perimeter of evergreen shrubs. If you plant a row of thujas from the most windy side, then, in addition to decorative effect They provide protection from the winds.

To give the site some closeness, tulles are suspended, dissolving them or collecting them in bunches, depending on the mood.

Tulle decoration is often used in Mediterranean-style terraces.

From furniture, wicker or rattan is more often used, because their structure is not afraid weather conditions, and the appearance is light and does not clutter up the space.

Each owner comes up with his own interesting ways of how to arrange a terrace in the country. Therefore, there are no two identical buildings in the world.

Many dachas and cottages now have terraces. Indeed, this extension has long ceased to be considered a sign of luxury, it has become affordable. The veranda is a great place for spiritual conversations, evening or morning tea parties. And how pleasant it is to spend a quiet summer night in the open air! It is this design that makes the appearance of the garden and the site completely finished. In this article, we will tell you how to make a terrace with your own hands in the country, give step-by-step instructions, and also show drawings, photos and video materials.

The terrace can be a large porch, located next to the entrance to country house, to be adjacent to one of its side walls or even to the second floor. At the same time, the terrace in the country house must necessarily be associated with one or more of the rooms of the house. The nuances of the structures that perform the enclosing function depend on the climate and the terrain.

If you are thinking of building a terrace yourself in the region middle lane our country, then you can’t do without arranging the roof and side strong fences. A veranda built in the southern regions can have a completely open structure and be protected only by railings. However, in order not to suffer from the scorching sun, it is worth taking care of building a light roof on such a terrace, on which to place climbing plants which will hide you from the sun. If only local sun protection is required, small portable umbrellas or awnings can be used. Interestingly, the roof on the terrace can be built both separately and as a joint with the main roof of the house.

Before you build a terrace, you need to decide on its size and area. To do this, evaluate the space available on your site, as well as the financial reserve. If funds are limited, then it is worth saving on reducing the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe future terrace. Save money by buying materials inferior quality or simplifying the design is not worth it. If, after some time, your financial condition improves, then it will be possible to increase the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe terrace, since current technologies quite allow this. Thus, the first stage of the construction of the terrace can be called laying the foundation, which can subsequently be improved and modified.

Evaluate the factors of external influences. You should not place the structure in a place poorly protected from the wind, make sure that the terrace opens beautiful view so that children can play safely and calmly.

When building a terrace, you have to make a choice from various building materials: metal, concrete, stone, brick. Perhaps the best fit for this design natural wood, since you do not have to face hard work, carry out solid foundation masonry, subsequently the terrace can easily be expanded to the desired area, and its structural elements can be given quite complex shapes.

Do not lose sight of the environmental safety of wood. Of course, many may complain about the "fragility" of wood. In fact, such statements can be explained solely by ignorance of the characteristics of wood, a misunderstanding of its properties. If you choose the right type of wood and do not skimp on various compositions for processing, you will not experience problems when using the terrace, spending too much effort on caring for it.

Proper processing will allow you not to be afraid even of fire wooden terrace, it will be quite possible to cook a barbecue on it: accidentally fallen coals will not lead to fatal consequences. Of course, such resistance of wood to fire will not save you from a fire caused by accumulations of debris on the terrace. Thus, the cleanliness of the veranda is no less a guarantee of safety than the appropriate treatment.

The construction of a wooden terrace can be done on your own. It is this material that is most often used for this purpose. For example, brick or stone is heated in the sun and heats up, but, on the other hand, this material is much stronger. But if the question is price, then the tree is undisputed leader, especially if you have a lot of leftovers from other construction processes. So, to build a wooden terrace, you will need the following set of tools and materials:

• roulette;
• drill;
• jigsaw;
• screwdriver;
• level;
• chisel;
• hammer;
• pencil;
• shovels;
• staples;
• brushes;
• cement;
• wooden boards;
• metal and stone blanks;
• antiseptic;
• dye.

The extension to the house should be located at a height of approximately 30–40 cm from the ground.

The principle of building a wooden terrace is expressed in the following successive stages:

• First, mark out the site. Drive in pegs along the intended perimeter and pull the rope. It is also necessary to install additional supports in the corners, and put side logs on them.
• Use a level to level it horizontally. On the desired side, lay under temporary supports. But keep in mind that the lags from the house should have a slope of up to 2 °. This will prevent water retention on the base.
• Now it is worth aligning the cord along the upper edge of the log and securely fix it to the peg. After that, you can remove the logs and start making the base.
• At the corners of the future structure, it is necessary to build cement pillars. The height should be equal to the height of the temporary supports on which you laid the logs.
• Between the posts it is necessary to dig a trench and fill it with cement mortar, having previously installed the curbs.

Instead of installing a curb, you can use the technology strip foundation, which is discussed in this article - Making a strip foundation.

Concerning inner space buildings, then it can be covered with rubble or a drainage system can be made. When building a foundation, be sure to connect it to the house. To do this, drill holes in the foundation of the house at the docking points and drive reinforcement into them.

When the base is ready, you can proceed to direct installation wooden structure and the process looks like this:

• Lay logs on posts and curbs and fix them.
• Next, mark the places where the bars are attached.
• Having laid out the bars, fasten them with corners with lags.
• Now it's time to lay the boards. An excellent option for this would be hardwood tree. For this purpose fit board 20–35×100–150 mm. When laying boards, be sure to leave small gaps for ventilation.
• At the end of laying the flooring with a jigsaw, level the edges of the site.
• The very last step will be varnishing and painting.

Often decking is laid on a wooden base. In this case, the installation should start from the wall of the house, indenting 10 mm.

As for the further arrangement of the terrace, everything will depend on the way it is used. For example, you can additionally build:

• Roofing.
• Fencing.
• Pergolas.
• Railing.
• Swings and more.

All this will make the use of the terrace comfortable. Of course, the roof for an extension to the house is considered the most important construction. It is very beautiful and original when it is made of the same material as the base, and in our case it is made of wood. Having made a roof structure, it can be covered with various building materials, for example, polycarbonate, slate, tiles, etc. This will require the construction of additional supports for the roof.

If you plan to use the terrace only in the summer, then the roof can be removable or have automatic movement to open.

If you decide to build a polycarbonate veranda, then you will need to familiarize yourself with another construction technology. First, it is worth noting that polycarbonate has many positive aspects, including strength, flexibility, ease of assembly, fire resistance and more.

Depending on what kind of terrace you want to build, closed or open, this material can be mounted both vertically and horizontally. However, both in the first and in the second case, it will be necessary to manufacture a frame from a profile or beams.

If you decide to build an open terrace to the house, then you only need to install the roof sheathing. If closed type, then the crate is also made for the walls. In this case, it is worth observing the following parameters:

• The distance between the support posts should be from 1 to 3 m.
• The distance between the beams of the crate is from 80 to 100 cm.

Installation of polycarbonate is carried out by a "dry" or "wet" method. If the panel is honeycomb, then holes for fastenings are made in it in increments of 30–40 cm. Considering the fact that polycarbonate changes its volume under the influence of temperatures, its fixation is carried out loosely. The process of laying panels occurs according to the following instructions:

1. Installation must begin on the left side of the roof. When joining sheets together, leave a small gap of up to 5 mm. If you are using a honeycomb panel, place them vertically so that the condensate that has accumulated inside can be easily removed.
2. To prevent debris and moisture from getting inside the sheet, the panel is insulated with a continuous tape and a bar in the upper end part, and a perforated tape is used in the lower part, through which condensate will drain.
3. Fastening is carried out using self-tapping screws from of stainless steel with the obligatory use of washers. If the frame is metal, then use thermal washers that are similar in color or transparent.
4. Each formed joint between the sheets must be sealed or closed with decorative strips.

Here, according to this technology, a polycarbonate terrace is being installed to the house. Following simple advice and recommendations, we are sure that you will cope with the task assigned to you. Also, in addition to all that has been said, we recommend that you familiarize yourself with the video and drawings of the terrace design.

It is human nature to strive for comfort. Therefore, a do-it-yourself terrace, equipped on the site, becomes a fashionable and functional structure in everyday life. It can be used not only as a place for outdoor leisure activities: terraces in the country may well play the role of a living room, a children's room, a dining room, or combine these functions. If you like to sleep outside, such a building will allow you to inhale the aromas of pine needles or garden trees and protect it from possible rain. Here you can install a barbecue and a pool table, rocking chair, sit down with chess or children's game.

The terrace has ceased to be a sign of excessive luxury. On the this moment it is an ideal opportunity for the aesthetic design of a summer house or a personal plot.

Veranda, gazebo or terrace

First of all, it is necessary to define the concepts, because the structures listed below are often confused in the classification. Despite their obvious external similarity, they have certain differences in design and purpose:

1. Verandas in the country are designed to protect against the penetration of cold air into the living quarters. They necessarily have walls and are located in front of the doorway. If you need a veranda in the country, it is easy to build it with your own hands. However, its dimensions crucial do not have and can be minimal. In the vast majority of cases, such an extension is not heated and is made of light, cheap materials.
2. The gazebo is a classic resting place and can perform a variety of functions in the country. It is distinguished by the presence in the structure of a permanent fence, which is made around the entire perimeter of the structure using brick or wood materials. For more exotic, you can make walls from wicker vines, mesh or forged structures.
3. The terrace can adjoin any structure or be located separately. Its appearance can be designed as you wish, but at the same time it should be naturally combined with the design of other buildings. During the construction of a terrace with your own hands, it must be remembered that it does not have walls and permanent fences, and its base usually exceeds the ground level. In some cases, the dacha may have a terrace, which simultaneously serves as an extensive porch. Its dimensions should take into account the installation of a table, light chairs and various elements interior, while providing free passage.

It is quite possible to build a veranda in the country and use it as a place to relax. But we must not forget about the wide possibilities of the terrace, which are combined with its aesthetic appearance and the possibility of installation with minimal cost time and money.

Main design features and choice of installation location

The terrace in the country house can adjoin the main building, encircle it around the perimeter, or be located separately.

If the house is combined with a recreation area, then a joint foundation and roof are provided. This approach saves money and provides a number of benefits. One of them is the use of homogeneous materials, which will contribute to the creation of a single architectural ensemble.

If the terrace is not provided for by the original project, it can be completed taking into account some domestic and climatic factors. It is advisable to provide access to the terrace from the living room or have a kitchen window nearby - this will simplify the service of guests and table setting.

It is also necessary to take into account the location of the structure relative to the cardinal points. The south side is comfortable in autumn period or in early spring, but will require protection from the heat in summer. The north side is good for a hot period, but is blown by cold winds.

To solve the problems associated with climatic conditions, they equip terraces that encircle the cottage completely or from three sides. This design will allow during the rest to move after the sun or, conversely, hide from the heat.

The construction of a terrace, located separately, is carried out when it organically fits into the landscape and allows you to admire the surrounding landscape while relaxing. It can be a picturesque meadow, a bank of a river or an artificial reservoir, a platform near the pool.

Where to start when creating a terrace

How to make a terrace? Initially, the type of structure and the place of its construction are determined. In order to reduce costs, it is reasonable to use the remnants of materials accumulated during the construction of summer cottages or amenity premises. If necessary, purchases give preference to wood. This is due to the following advantages:

• easily lends itself to all types of processing;
• allows you to build structures of any complexity;
• after impregnation with appropriate substances, it is resistant to moisture, temperature changes or direct sunlight;
• meets all environmental protection requirements;
• does not pose a risk to human health;
• has an aesthetic appearance.

Of the wood species, preference is given to oak, larch, acacia or teak. Such wood has maximum strength and resistance to precipitation and biological pests. Building materials from the waste of the woodworking industry, in particular, glued laminated timber, are also widely used.

Next, determine the appearance and size of the terrace based on the characteristics of the site, appearance suburban buildings and building area. For example, summer construction square shape, designed for a comfortable location of six people, should have a size of at least 3 × 3 m. The most rational is the rectangular configuration of the site. More intricate structures will complicate the installation of the roof and lead to the formation of unnecessary waste. building materials during work.

Laying the foundation - the basis for the future structure

When building a terrace, start with laying the foundation. Based on the fact that the total weight of the structure is very small, there is no need to install a powerful base. construction site level, compact and, as a foundation, curb posts or oak beams impregnated with a protective solution are dug into the ground half the thickness. The resulting contour is covered with sand, gravel or slag, the backfill is compacted and drainage channels are equipped.

If the open terrace rises above ground level or has a multi-level floor, then support posts made of concrete or brick are provided under the base beams. The horizontality of the foundation or supports is checked using building level. Between wooden elements structures and soil or concrete must be laid waterproofing material protecting the structure from moisture. To protect against the influence of atmospheric precipitation, the roof is designed with a protrusion beyond the building by at least 0.5 m. Wastewater should not fall on the walls of other buildings or under their foundation. The wood used to assemble the base and the flooring itself must be treated with a special protective impregnation without fail.

Lay evenly on the beams wooden beam, which is fixed with a corner with screws. Floor boards are laid on top, for this they use cut material from larch or oak up to 15 cm wide and at least 3 cm thick. When laying boards, laying is done with a small gap, which will provide air access to the underground space.

During heavy rains or melting snow, puddles may form on the floor. In order to protect against this phenomenon, the floor is laid with a slope of up to 2% in the direction opposite from the nearest buildings.

As roofing material use profiled metal or polycarbonate. For their installation, there is no need to equip a powerful frame. At the corners of the terrace, support pillars are built in, and in the upper part of the timber, a frame is knocked down for fastening the roofing sheets.

A removable roof made of a special material, which is used only in the warm season, has become widespread. Such a canopy not only allows you to decorate the recreation area, but also provides protection from rain and summer heat, without losing its properties under the influence of sunlight.

If you need a closed terrace, simple fences made of decorative rope or chains, mesh or slatted lattice are arranged between the roof pillars. Then climbing plants or grapes are planted next to the finished structure. Over time, the vegetation will rise along the fences and create an atmosphere of comfort and privacy.

When decorating a terrace, you can use any available materials, guided by your imagination and desires. Taking into account possible impact moisture and sunlight, it is advisable to opt for light furniture made of plastic or wicker wicker. Various coasters with plants in pots will look very organic.

For comfortable use at any time of the day, it is necessary to provide lighting and an electrical outlet on the terrace.

Terrace, translated from Latin as "earth", which actually reflects the essence of this design - a platform arranged on the ground.

In places where the climate is warm and dry, it can serve as a living room in nature. In our latitudes, the terrace is glazed, and it turns into a veranda.

But, not everyone professes the principle of rationality - therefore, today wooden open terraces are again popular. And the extension of the terrace to wooden house Generally a classic of the genre.

If you are interested in how to make a wooden terrace with your own hands, then this information is intended for you.

It should be noted that the construction of a wooden terrace begins long before you buy the material and pick up a hammer. This is already the final stage.

Types of terraces - design choice

To begin with, let's figure out what affects the choice of a terrace device, and at the same time we'll see what a wooden terrace looks like in the photo.

The type of terrace, the quantity and range of materials, the cost and duration of work is determined by the following design features.

1. Location

• Adjacency. Verandas and terraces made of wood can have both a common foundation with the house, and can be attached after.

• Location. The terrace can adjoin the house or be independent design located on the site

This is what wooden terraces and verandas are famous for, that they can be installed anywhere, because. they are light and do not require the construction of a foundation.

2. Construction

• Shape and size. Depends on the terrain allocated for the terrace on suburban area(slope, plain, garden), functional purpose, landscape design plot, desires and capabilities of the owner.

And do not be limited by the presence of trees in the selected area. The photo shows how organically they can fit into the terrace.

• Number of levels - single-level or multi-level terrace

• Location of levels: on the ground or raised above the ground

3. Additional elements

• The presence and type of fencing. Open (with free access) and fenced. As decorative fencing for a wooden terrace can protrude garden bushes, stone, wood or metal (forged fences).

• The presence of a roof or a canopy for a terrace (the roof can be glass, sliding, retractable, transparent polycarbonate): open, partially closed, covered terrace.

4. Finishing

The choice of material for the terrace

One more important point. It is important for us that all the material used is resistant to moisture (rain, snow), wind, temperature changes and UV radiation.

For work you will need

1. timber for beams, supports and decking. Terraces made of wood or logs look beautiful and light;
2. roof material (if any);
3. protective impregnations;
4. fasteners;
5. tool.

How to make a wooden terrace with your own hands - instructions

Consider each of the stages of construction in detail.

1. Surface preparation

For a low (ground adjacent) terrace:

• clean the surface of the turf and, if possible, level;

• backfill the area with a mixture of sand and gravel. It can be poured with concrete, this will eliminate the likelihood of plant germination.

Tip: If you are going to lay the tree directly on the ground, make sure it is well treated and can withstand moisture.

For a multi-level terrace:

• clear from perennials, bushes, garbage.

2. Installation of supports

Supports allow you to adjust the surface. Their minimum height is 150 mm. Purpose - the possibility of air circulation.

For a small lightweight design fit:

• metal corners;

• plastic adjustable supports;

• concrete supports;

• cast support (the depth of pouring is equal to the depth of soil freezing in your area).

For a massive structure, you need to arrange a strip or column foundation for the terrace

3. Installation of beams under the terrace

Beams are installed on supports, checked by level and fixed. It is important to check the level frequently as any violation will lead to the fact that in some places water will accumulate.

The material was prepared for the site www.site

4. Log installation

Installation begins from the place where the terrace adjoins the house. The first log is attached to the house with a step of 600 mm. For brick wall a bolt 100 mm long is sufficient. For wood - at least 150 mm. The junction is insulated to prevent water leakage.

Logs can be mounted on base beams.

In the place where a wooden terrace is attached to a brick house, a galvanized visor is used.

The addition of a terrace to a wooden house puts forward increased requirements for waterproofing.

6. Floorboard flooring

How to cover a wooden terrace?

There is a wide variety of decking timber available on the market. They vary in size, thickness and breed.

Wooden floor on the terrace perfect solution. Most commonly used different widths or parquet blocks.

For an open wooden terrace, it is preferable to use larch. This is the most durable and stable breed.

Advice:
Try to lay the boards so that they are joined along as little as possible.

Ways of fastening the terrace and floor boards

Fixing is done in two ways:

The self-tapping screw passes through the board and fastens it to the log. Easy way, but it’s bad because water can stagnate at the attachment point and the board will begin to collapse;

Allows you to protect the surface of the board. Suitable when using a special floor board.

With the use of clamps.

Tip: A small distance of 5-7 mm should be left between the boards so that the water that has entered can freely leave.

9. Surface treatment with protective solutions

A reasonable question arises: how to paint a wooden terrace? In addition to the fact that the tree needs to be protected from moisture and to prevent rotting, it also needs to be protected from ultraviolet radiation. So that wood does not lose its attractiveness over time. To do this, purchase wood oil with a UF filter.