We build an insulated timber not an expensive house. Insulated timber - "sandwich" technology

Two-storey house built from insulated package beam with patented LogECO technology. In a package beam with wooden lamellas, cavities alternate, filled with heat-insulating material: foamed glass or ecowool. Both heaters freely pass air and steam, without interfering with "breathing" of wood. The alternation of lamellas and cavities, in order to avoid the occurrence of "cold bridges", occurs in a checkerboard pattern. Packet lumber is approximately 2.5 times superior to glued lumber in terms of heat saving. That is, a 240 mm thick wall made of laminated timber will be as warm as a 600 mm thick wall made of glued laminated timber.

In the manufacture of packaged timber, you can do without glue, using only mechanical connections with special ties

STEP 1 - shallow tape

Since the package lumber is almost twice as light as ordinary glued lumber, it is possible (and even necessary!) To get by with a lightweight foundation. A shallow-depth strip foundation made of monolithic reinforced concrete is laid to a shallow depth - so it will experience less loads during freezing and soil movements. Concrete is poured in fixed formwork. In the foundation tape laid under all bearing walls at home, air ducts are left for ventilation.

The plinth tape is covered with a roll waterproofing material, and a support board is laid on it. The assembly of the log house is carried out using interventional insulation.

Since the package lumber is light, it is much more convenient to work with it than with ordinary glued lumber.

Pouring concrete into fixed formwork

Laying the base board

STEP 2 - assembling the log house

The assembly of the log house takes place most in a simple way- end-to-end, without cutting complex cups and outlets. The corners are fastened with dowels through 3-5 crowns and pulled together with pins. To protect against blowing, the timber has a double thorn-groove lock. The pictures show that instead of glue, special ties were used in the manufacture of timber.

It looks like a package beam

Butt assembly

STEP 3 - full factory readiness

Window and door openings are cut at the factory. A stacked beam arrives at the construction site, marked for trimming in accordance with a computer-optimized cutting map (waste is no more than 10%), which is assembled in accordance with the “order”.

Floor beams cut into the walls, and the assembly of the attic floor begins.

Windows cut at the factory

Floor beams are mounted using metal fasteners

Beginning of the assembly of the attic floor

STEP 4 - warming the log house

After the assembly of the log house is completed, a heater is poured into the cavity of the package beam - foamed glass, ecowool or ordinary expanded clay. Insulation is used to ensure that air does not mix in the cavities.

Backfilling of insulation in the cavity of the stacked timber

Laying interventional sealant

STEP 5 - rafter system

Gables are trimmed. Then it is laid and fastened with Mauerlat anchors. The truss system is installed. For the sake of a more rigid fastening, special plates are used as fasteners.

Rafter system installed

STEP 6 - secure footing

Mounted supporting pillars and terrace beams. Then window and door frames("pigtail") according to a floating scheme that takes into account shrinkage.

support poles

STEP 7 - roof insulation

Installation of the insulated ventilated roof is carried out "from the bottom up". First of all, a waterproofing film is sewn to the rafters from below, the task of which is to prevent water vapor from entering the insulation from heated rooms.

Insulation is laid in the space between the rafters, which is covered from above with a diffusion membrane that allows water vapor to pass through, but retains water. A ventilation gap is formed on top of the membrane, and a crate is hemmed on top, on which OSB sheets are laid - a lining for soft tiles.

The insulation is covered with a diffusion membrane

OSB sheets stacked

STEP 8 - start finishing work

Roofing material is laid - soft shingles, and immediately mounted drainage system. Draft floors are laid in the house, draft ceilings are hemmed. Laid hidden engineering Communication. The floor and ceilings are insulated.

The house is being painted outside. The openings are still covered with a film so that there are no drafts inside and a stable temperature and humidity regime is established. Fences and railings are installed on the balcony and terrace.

Floor insulation

Fences installed

STEP 9 - interior decoration

The walls and partitions inside the house are sheathed with decorative boards. The finishing floor is laid, the ceiling is sheathed. On the inner balcony railings and balustrades are installed. Windows are inserted, doors are hung, platbands are nailed and painted. Roof overhangs are hemmed; at the same time, it must be remembered that in the ventilation gap under roofing material air circulated freely. A deck board is laid on the terrace and balcony.

Technology wooden housing construction over time, they develop and take progressive forms, as the pace and realities of life force the creators to look for new ways to perfect comfortable living. The main qualities forever remain heat capacity and environmental cleanliness of housing. Combining these advantages, manufacturers offer their potential customers combinations of monolith and wood, as well as an absolute innovation - combined timber. More on this below.

The essence and advantages of the material

The combined product consists of glued lamellas, similar to elite compressed wood. But the layer between the elements is extruded polystyrene foam - the best insulation in your class. The advantages of the new building material are obvious:

1. Lightening the object as a whole. Given that glued wood is quite heavy and requires special foundation conditions and other nuances, then houses from combined timber twice as light in comparison with the same project without the participation of a weightless layer. This is a great benefit for the desire to arrange a house of any number of storeys or to reduce the cost of construction due to a simple shallow foundation.
2. Ecology. The composition of the raw material includes expanded polystyrene, which does not interact with moisture, does not emit toxic substances in a calm state, has no smell, is harmless to environment, uninteresting to rodents. Therefore, we can recognize the combination of wood and styrene as ecological. If we talk about glue, then its quantity is small and not significant - it does not threaten allergy sufferers.
3. Heat capacity of the object. Based on the fact that a 5 cm layer of polystyrene is equivalent to 2.5 m brickwork, then, one might say, houses made of combined insulated timber, the only ones that do not need additional insulation.

From the last point it follows that an additional plus of innovation is external and interior view. Wood with its structure remains at the forefront design techniques. Since no additional finishing is required, the owner will receive true traditional house- picture different breeds unique, and hide it behind decorative coatings do not need anymore.

Combined buildings - monolith and wood

Not new, but also at the peak of popularity, construction - houses combined from blocks and timber. The bottom is the basement and the first floor is made of cellular foam concrete, the second tier and the under-roof space, respectively, are made of wood. The advantages are the following:

The material has disadvantages - poor interaction with moisture if low-quality blocks are used. The need for cladding - some options are unpresentable. But, nevertheless, the projects of such houses enjoy well-deserved attention.

The device of houses from the combined bar. Combination of wood and foam concrete

The construction of the described objects requires an understanding of the processes. standalone device possible at all stages. Therefore, below are detailed descriptions each option.

Warm glued beam:

• As with any construction, the process begins with design. By contacting the design bureau for a layout option or with your own sketches, the future owner will receive detailed consultations and comments. But, most importantly, everything will be documented and permissions obtained.
• Build houses combined from glued laminated timber follows the same pattern as everyone else - the choice of foundation, the construction of walls, the truss system, the finish. Due to the fact that the construction is simplified by the lack of insulation, the speed increases, there is no need for a deep monolith.

Therefore, the basis for such objects may well be piles or a shallow tape. These options are given a short time to shrink, after which you can not hesitate to erect walls.

• Bearing structures are carried out with mandatory sealing with interventional material, that is, as if it were with an ordinary log house. At the end, the house is left to shrink, and then caulking is carried out. These measures are designed to prevent drafts into the resulting gaps with soil mobility.
• It remains to be worked out truss system. All elements can also be made of insulated timber. Recommended mansard roofs- they will create usable space and receive additional insulation due to the material.

Finishing is understood as the coloring of timber with lacquer or other film compositions, designed not only to preserve the youth of wood, but also to protect it from any damage - biological or fire.

Combined buildings - foam block and timber:

Depending on the design, such houses have an impressive foundation. They are used for heavy architecture or problematic soils.

The advantages of a monolith in the ability to arrange basements for autonomous communications - well pump or boiler room. The work comes down to proper organization and layout of the first monolithic floor:

• A strip foundation of considerable depth is being laid. In addition to protection from freezing, he will have to carry the load of the blocks - although they are light, they a large number of and dimensions require a stable platform.

Reinforcement, cushioning cushions, high formwork are required. After hardening, the concrete must be pitched and insulated. Objects - combined houses timber-foam block necessarily need protection from moisture.

• Installation of foam blocks is not difficult. Laying should begin with the output of corners. The colored line serves as a guide. The first 5-6 rows must be checked by the level.

Through a row, the surface of the blocks is reinforced by chasing and inserting reinforcing bars in such a way that the intersection falls on the joints. The walls are led to the intended height - 2.5 m.

• Reinforcement should be installed in the last row of blocks and the surface should be pitched. The turn of wood comes, it needs protection from condensate, which will certainly occur due to temperature differences from different surfaces.
• Further, the construction of the second floor is no different from the usual one - crowns are installed with a mandatory sealant, ceilings, logs are laid, and a subfloor is lined.
• There are many options for roofs, but for a house made of combined timber, simple ones are recommended - pitched, attic. With their shape, they do not weigh down the entire structure.

Well, as you can see from what has been written, innovation is quite real for independent work. All processes are prescribed many times and with strict observance of the instructions do not present a problem.

Many potential owners country house they see it as wooden - it just so happened that building materials made of wood are traditional for our country. But time does not stand still - technology develops along with it. Preserving the natural "wooden" appearance of the house, while reducing its cost and improving thermal performance - this is approximately the task faced by the inventors of the stacked timber. What came of it? Read about it in our short article about packaged beams.

What is a package beam

A package, or, as it is also called, a cassette beam is a building material consisting of several elements: three boards, inserts from bars and a heater that fills artificially created cavities. Such a multilayer structure, in theory, should provide optimal mode operation, both for wall material and for people living in the house. Approximately the same technology is used to build houses from double beam. The difference is that in the first case, the fastening of the boards is carried out thanks to the cups, and the package beam additionally has fixation with the help of lavsan couplers. Foam glass (granulated glass), ecowool (waste paper recycling product), mineral wool, etc. can be used as a heater. In fact, the final price and characteristics of the package beam depend on the type of insulation used.

Benefits of using package timber

• No need for additional insulation (no need to think about how to insulate a house from a bar, etc.) and finishing (planed boards of the front parts have an attractive appearance).
• Use environmentally clean materials, which are part of the packaged timber, the absence of adhesive joints (as opposed to insulated glued timber).
• Minimize the effects of wall shrinkage.
• Savings on the foundation due to the relatively small mass of the log house.
• Short construction time.
• Comparable low price on a package bar.

Some nuances

• Difficulties in building with your own hands.
• Problems during repair work.
• Absence real reviews people who built a house using "package" technology.

About the prices for packaged timber

Prices for a cube of packaged timber are in the range of 12,000-13,000 rubles. At this cost, a square meter of a log house will cost 4500-5000 rubles. or from 12,000 rubles. per square meter for turnkey construction.

Let's start right away with determining the true state of affairs. A combined insulated timber is not a timber - it is, simply put, two or more boards with insulation between them, resulting in a puff cake that looks like a timber. That's all.

By and large, buildings from it are an analogue of prefabricated panel buildings, in which there is a quite decent and beautiful outer shell, insulation in one or more layers, vapor protection, and no less durable and environmentally friendly the inner layer. Sandwich technology in modern construction, this instruction is devoted to it.

About types and materials

Type of heater:

• Polyurethane foam, a material in which positive sides balanced with negatives. Judge for yourself, the insulation practically creates a monolith, which eliminates the formation of cold bridges, and, consequently, heat loss, the coefficient of thermal conductivity is low, which allows you to create a reliable thermos - warm house. And let's not forget about reverse side medals: PPU does not let steam through, and therefore requires additional ventilation and not just passive, but supply and exhaust;
• Ecowool with special impregnations , cheap and with good thermal insulation, but you can’t lay it with your own hands, special units are required, and it is also necessary to provide protection from mice and other rodents, this is especially true during construction country houses or non-residential buildings.

According to the design of the "layer cake":

• Single chamber product. These are two boards, in the middle there is a heater, for the strength of the whole structure, the insulated glued beam has jumpers from the same board with a step of half a meter, the voids are filled with a heater;
• In the batch analogue, the number of layers is greater and the cells are arranged in a checkerboard pattern, which completely eliminates the possibility of the formation of cold bridges. The price of bags will be somewhat higher than that of single-chamber counterparts, although the choice of insulation will also play an important role in pricing.

What is good, and is it necessary

Initially, the good message of the developers was understandable and justified enough.

The main objectives of the invention of these bars were:

• Reducing the cost of building houses or other structures;
• Acceleration of the laying process, and, consequently, the deadlines for the completion of the object;
• Obtaining a finished, insulated puff while maintaining the appearance of the entire building;
• Ample opportunities for architectural fantasies.

Well, now let's compare and think:

• Yes, indeed, glued laminated timber is much warmer than its predecessor and is unlikely to need additional thermal insulation. But do not forget that under the influence of temporary and various external factors heaters can lose their properties, but replacing it becomes a very problematic issue, because, in fact, it is necessary to sort out the whole house;
• The appearance of the buildings, of course, will be on top, outdoor board is chosen in such a way that neither its structure nor its quality;
• The material itself is light, lighter than a conventional designer. This allows you to save on two things: on the construction of the foundation, you can abandon the heavy strip foundation and use metal piles with a monolithic grillage, as well as at the speed of building a structure;
• Although the economic aspect is in last place in our hit parade, it does not take the last place in the general comparative calculations. Given the real savings on the foundation + no need for additional insulation, a house made of insulated timber will be cheaper than its monolithic counterpart.

And yet the traditional fly in the ointment:

• Houses made of insulated glued beams are classified as "non-breathing", since they will not let steam through;
• The second aspect, which cannot be called pleasant, is the quality of the products themselves. Often, in a batch of goods, it is necessary to carry out a piece-by-piece check of products.

Construction - high quality and fast

Houses from insulated timber are really assembled as designers, and although there is no single assembly standard, a house for 120 square meters, turnkey, realistically assembled in a month and a half.

The assembly itself takes place in several stages:

1. The first stage is the foundation. We have already mentioned the type of foundation, but the fact is that we have not made an amendment to the project. It all depends on whether you will make a cellar, underground parking or not, what is the condition of the soil and the level of groundwater.

For each of the proposed tasks, there is independent solution. The pile option was proposed as an alternative in the absence of underground facilities, however, this does not prevent you from building a tape monolith or installing reinforced concrete blocks as a foundation underground garage. A house with a relatively light cube of material will weigh no more than 300 kg, so the foundation can also be used lightweight.

1. Stage two laying the first bars and docking. If the grillage is set according to all the rules, then it is enough to lay the insulation and set the timber with the smooth side down, securing it with special studs. The laying of subsequent layers and the fastening of the bars to each other occurs with the help of dowels, while fixing is carried out in increments of 50 cm to 1 m, height up to 5 levels.

Advice! Laying interventional insulation is required, since internal insulation guarantees protection only in its sector.

1. The third stage is no less important than the previous two, this is the installation of a screed on the crowns of the bars. For these purposes, a strap tape is used that operates in the temperature range from -60 to +80 degrees Celsius, which is quite elastic (under the influence of temperatures it can stretch by 15%, with a subsequent return to the original source).

In addition, the product absolutely does not react to sunlight, environmental aggression. This tape avoids additional processing package and thus reduce the cost of the entire building.

Interesting to know! Initially, the puff consisted of two boards 40 mm wide and with a gap between them of the same thickness, the total value of the product was 120 mm (that is, the parameter standard timber). Currently, products have appeared on the market in which the thickness of the cavities has increased from 40 to 100 mm, while the well-proven mineral wool with various impregnations.

Considering the total number of layers, the location of the chambers with insulation at the output, a sufficiently warm beam up to 430 mm is obtained, capable of erecting a warm structure in almost any climate zone. The buyer is the owner double benefit: the first - we have a serious insulated wall beam, the second - the price is acceptable.

1. Fourth stage - installation of doors and windows. There are several options for the development of events. The first option is to install openings for standard doors and windows. The second option is to ignore the standards, and proceed from personal tastes and expediency.

Both the first and second options are possible with such construction. The openings between the beams are closed with special furniture boards, which are impregnated and guaranteed to stand without deformation until the installation of windows and doors. Which, by the way, can be installed immediately after covering the building with a roof.

1. Fifth stage - work with overlaps. In this case, we mean floors and ceilings. Most best option for the floors reinforced screed concrete. This is a guarantee of evenness, and support, and protection from rodents.

Already on this pillow, you can lay beams in increments of 40 to 60 cm and lay rough and finishing floors, with a sufficient width of the screed, you can think of a system of underfloor heating, laying insulation and any coating, from parquet to laminate, linoleum and other materials.

For fixing the structure of the roof and ceiling in top floor a bar with a section of 200x100 mm is used. How to insulate the ceiling and what material to arrange - decide for yourself, both drywall and plywood are suitable here and decorative ceilings, including stretch, insulation of ceilings is required.

1. Sixth stage - installation of the roof. How do you see an insulated house made of timber, with flat roof or tent, with one slope or several, all this can be done. The roof is installed in the same way as in any other house.

What do manufacturers promise?

And they promise 50 years of a calm and carefree life, which is a lot for such a house, but besides this, the following positions are stated:

• In such houses it is warm in winter and comfortable in summer;
• Promised savings in energy and financial costs for heating (figures from 70% and above sound, but if real savings is 50% is already good);
• The board is not subject to deformation and drying out. She passed chamber drying and processing with special compounds;
• Projects of houses from the warmed bar have no borders. Any options are allowed;
• The construction of the structure is faster than even the usual wooden house(which will still need to be insulated);
• This development allows you to save wood, and, consequently, reduce the cost of products and reduce the cost of construction.

Finally

Insulated timber is a new solution in low-rise construction. What it is? Where did this come from? And is it worth using? We will try to answer these and other questions in our article.

At present, the world market for wooden low-rise construction established many traditions that have been improved over the centuries. And, it would seem, what else can be changed in existing technologies? But the human mind is always improving, and the arrangement of one's home is one of its most important needs, so new solutions to eternal problems are found.

The first solution to the problem and the beginning of a new direction in construction was insulated laminated timber, which revolutionized this area and gradually took a leading position. When this material ceased to surprise everyone, a new product appeared, which we will talk about further.

To begin with, let's figure out whether it was worth inventing something new, because the tree itself is not a bad heat insulator anyway. Yes, this is true, but this thermal insulation is not always enough to meet modern stringent requirements and standards. So potential buyer one has to make a choice between the environmental friendliness of wooden houses, and the energy efficiency of frame houses.

To solve this difficult choice, a profiled insulated glued beam was developed, which, combining the properties sandwich - slabs and glued beams began to gradually take a leading position in the market. This began to happen thanks not only to appearance similar to glued beams, and to a greater extent due to thermal insulation characteristics, which are several times superior to it.

Distinctive features of the insulated beam

In order to find out what the superiority of this beam over others is, it is enough to find out what the wall thickness is required from one or another building material in order to achieve the requirements of SNiP II-3-79:

• insulated profiled timber 150 mm;
• glued laminated timber 350 mm;
• brick wall 1700 mm;
• foam concrete wall - 880 mm;
• wooden wall - 450 mm.

In addition, this construction material much more energy efficient, since for comparison it is almost 2 times lighter than a beam from an array. Thanks to this, the work of builders with their own hands is facilitated, the production process is accelerated. installation work. It also allows you to save money by using a not very deep foundation. Reinforced concrete foundation can be replaced by a foundation using screw piles, which also affects the timing and cost, since its price is not quite high.

Savings are also expressed in the reduction of heating costs, almost 3 times, but at the same time the walls are vapor and breathable, which favorably affects the atmosphere of the whole house.

The method of construction is also simplified. Since all elements of connections and selections for doors, windows and openings are made directly at the factory. As a result, the customer has a designer and instructions for assembling a house. The instruction is quite simple, so qualified construction teams and special equipment are not required, but only 2-3 people are enough.

There is no need for additional works internal and exterior finish Houses. Since the wood is processed on special woodworking machines at the manufacturer's factory.

Types of insulated glued beams

There are several types of insulated timber, which differ in type thermal insulation material, as well as by the type of the beam design itself.

Thermal insulation material

• Polyurethane foam ().

This material has not a bad set of positive properties. So, for example, a fairly low coefficient of thermal conductivity. When using it, the entire volume of the timber frame is filled, and the possibility of the formation of cold bridges is also reduced. But along with the advantages, there is also a disadvantage. This material has low vapor permeability, because of this, when designing a building, you need to take care of the presence effective system ventilation.

• Ecowool (cellulose).

The advantages of this insulation lies in its rather high thermal insulation characteristics, as well as in relative cheapness, which affects the cost of the insulated timber itself. But when using this material, the possibility of exposure to rodents increases. It is also necessary to use special equipment, which increases the construction time.

The design of the insulated profiled timber

• Single chamber timber

The design of such a bar consists of two boards, which are connected by jumpers every 500 mm. The frame of this type is in most cases filled with polyurethane foam, which ensures the "solidity" of the used timber.

This type The design is in many respects similar to the design of a single-chamber timber. But there is an important difference. Its frame is separated by longitudinal bridges, in addition to horizontal ones, which form separate honeycombs closed on all sides. They are filled with the selected insulation. This type of construction device significantly increases the characteristics of a single-chamber beam, but at the same time the cost of such a material also increases.

An example of assembling a box from a profile insulated beam

• Having selected and installed the foundation according to the project, we install anchor bolts at a given distance.

Note! Do not forget to take into account that the type of fastening of anchor bolts varies according to the type of foundation. This division is made to strengthen the structure.

For a foundation of screw piles, anchor bolts are attached as shown in the diagram: