Is it possible to insulate the wall inside. How to insulate the walls of the house from the inside: choose an internal insulation

Content

Owners of private real estate must choose whether to insulate the house from the outside or from the inside. The thermal insulation layer will prevent heat leakage from the premises. Almost all professionals agree that insulating a house from the inside is advisable only in some cases. There are situations when thermal insulation mounted outside is ineffective. This happens when errors were made in the calculations or the work was not done well enough.

Choosing a heater for warming the house from the inside

Installation of special material for interior walls can also be a preferred option if the facade of the house is already well finished. It does not need to be dismantled, re-investing in repairs. What are the difficulties in carrying out finishing work? How are they carried out in accordance with SNiP? What is better and is it possible to insulate the walls from the inside? Let's consider all these questions in more detail.

Features of warming the house from the inside

To understand how to properly and how to insulate the walls of the house from the inside, you will need to use the advice of experienced builders. With the wrong choice of thermal insulation, various problems can arise. The effectiveness of such work is reduced to zero. In the room with the wrong finish will be damp. The question naturally arises: is it possible to insulate the house from the inside? The answer is unequivocally affirmative.

There are technologies that allow you to create internal insulation in an apartment, house and other buildings. The characteristics of each method will be discussed in more detail below. Now the main thing is to understand that the arrangement of thermal insulation indoors will reduce heat loss by up to 30%. And this means that energy bills will also decrease markedly.

What difficulties can a master who equips a layer of thermal insulation in a house from the inside with his own hands face?

To understand how important it is to choose the right materials, it is necessary to consider the dangers of improper installation of thermal insulation. Possible negative consequences of internal insulation of the house are the following facts:

1. The dew point (condensation formation) will be shifted inside the room. Condensation will appear on the walls in frost. The wall has no outer protection. Therefore, it will pass cold air. It will meet with the heated internal air masses of the premises at the junction of the thermal insulation and the wall. Therefore, condensation may appear on the surface of the finish. This will increase the humidity in the room, the formation of an unhealthy microclimate, as well as the appearance of fungus. Finishing materials will begin to deform. Decorative plaster or wallpaper will begin to lag behind the base.
2. An unprotected building wall loses its ability to retain heat inside the building. When heated, it will quickly come out. This will require more energy to maintain a comfortable temperature in the room. Utility bills will rise significantly.
3. It is impossible to mount a layer of thermal insulation in the area of ​​​​interroom partitions. This is an area of ​​significant heat loss.
4. The interior space is shrinking. This is especially noticeable in the small rooms of standard apartments.

Disadvantages of insulating the walls of the room from the inside

To insulate a country cottage with your own hands indoors, it is important to do all the work according to the instructions. Otherwise, it will be difficult to be in such buildings in winter.

Troubles after installing thermal insulation indoors can be associated with such a phenomenon as the dew point. It depends on the temperature difference between outside and inside the room, as well as the level of humidity.

This effect can be clearly demonstrated using an ordinary bottle. If you draw water into it and leave it in the refrigerator for several hours, the temperature of the glass and contents will decrease. Next, the bottle can be taken out of the refrigerator. After a few minutes, you may notice that the outer glass is covered with condensate (“sweat”). The temperature difference on both sides of the glass resulted in moisture at the dew point. That is why, when considering insulation options, it is necessary to calculate the dew point.

The walls inside the house have the same effect. The decrease in temperature in winter can be -30 ºС or more. There are heaters in the living quarters. They maintain a predetermined temperature level (on average +20 ºС). This temperature difference causes condensation to form. The higher the humidity in the room, the more condensation forms.

When creating a layer of thermal insulation outside a country house, the dew point shifts from the room to the outside. However, the installation of insulation inside the room moves it further from the outer surface of the wall. As a result, condensate falls right inside the room, on a layer of finishing material.

It is comfortable for people to live in a wooden, concrete, brick house at a temperature in the rooms of +20 ... +22 ºС. At the optimum humidity level of 55%. Condensation under such conditions will appear on all surfaces that will have a temperature of +11 ºС or lower. If the insulation material reaches this value, wet drops will appear on it.

When creating a heat-insulating layer outside the room, the dew point moves inside the facade. Therefore, it must be made ventilated so that moisture is removed from the system. Features of this design allow you not to change the finish for many years.

High humidity leads to the development of various diseases. If a fungus appears on the walls, there is a need for urgent dismantling of the finish and treatment of the wall with a fungicide.

To avoid significant costs in the future, finishing should be done correctly. There are several methods that allow you to make internal insulation of the walls of a private house or apartment.

How to avoid negative consequences with internal insulation

Before starting work, the master should study the advice of experienced installers on how to insulate the walls from the inside in a private house or apartment.

Thermal insulation of walls from the inside

• It is necessary to fix a layer of special waterproofing (polyethylene is not suitable). It is overlapped. Joints must be securely sealed.
• The result of all work depends on the choice of thermal insulation. Purchase materials that are characterized by minimal vapor permeability. In this case, it will be possible to prevent the appearance of moisture on the surface of the wall.
• Plates of finishing material must be installed closely on the base. It is not recommended to apply an adhesive coating on the surface of thermal insulation in islands. In this case, voids will form under it. Moisture will collect in the cavities. The adhesive is applied in a thin, even layer over the entire surface of the wall-insulating material.
• Indoors, you need to create high-quality natural or forced ventilation. It is recommended to install special valves on the windows to create a full air exchange. If SIP panels were used during the construction of the building, ventilation must be compulsory. To do this, special devices powered by electricity are installed in the air ducts.
• The technology of wall insulation from the inside involves an accurate calculation of the heat-insulating layer. It is important to take into account the characteristics of the material itself, as well as climatic factors, especially the operation of the premises. Do not average the obtained values.
• The base of the wall before installation will need to be treated with an antiseptic. For this, a special primer is used.

For a house insulated from the inside, it is important to eliminate all cold bridges. To do this, the materials are laid so that they cover the surfaces of the internal partitions, ceiling and floor.

Proper selection and installation of thermal insulation material

Today you can buy various types of insulation for walls from the inside. All of them have advantages and disadvantages.

When choosing a material for insulation, they take into account the structural features, indoor conditions, etc. Features of the operation of the premises significantly affect the parameters of thermal insulation. So, the insulation of walls from the inside of a frame house will be somewhat different from the insulation of a brick building. Concrete walls protect against freezing with thick, dense types of thermal insulation. The panels used to sheathe the frame of the house, created using Canadian technology, may already have a layer of external thermal insulation. Inside, in this case, you will need to mount a thin insulation on the base.

Mineral wool

Thermal insulation with mineral wool

Considering the better to insulate the walls of the house from the inside, pay attention to mineral wool. This is one of the best options for creating a layer of insulation for exterior walls. However, for interior decoration, it is suitable only in some cases.

Cotton wool is characterized by a high rate of vapor permeability. External insulation with such material will be effective. If cotton wool is used inside the room, condensation will appear on the wall surface. However, mineral wool insulation also has many advantages. This is an environmentally friendly material. It does not cause allergies, does not emit harmful fumes into the external environment.

This is a non-flammable heater. Mineral wool can be used for internal insulation of a house made of SIP panels, which has a layer of external insulation.

The material is sold in the form of plates and rolls. The first option is preferable. The installation of this wall insulation is carried out using special profiles made of aluminum or wooden slats. They are mounted at a small distance from the surface. The first layer of mineral wool is tightly glued to the prepared surface of the walls inside the room. The second layer is laid between the frame rails. In this case, the plates must be displaced relative to the first layer. A vapor barrier and drywall are mounted on top.

Styrofoam and XPS

Thermal insulation with polystyrene foam

Thermal insulation of walls from the inside is often done using foam boards or expanded polystyrene. The second option is preferable. Its density and technical characteristics are better. A feature of this type of insulation is the ability to keep moisture out. It is recommended to use extruded polystyrene foam (EPS) with a density of at least 25 kg/m³.

Do-it-yourself internal insulation of the house in this case is quite simple. Epps boards are glued onto the prepared surface. Each subsequent row should be shifted relative to the previous one. For installation, polyurethane glue is used. It is applied to the entire surface of the XPS.

Joints must be carefully insulated with silicone (preferably sanitary) sealant. If there are large gaps, they are blown out with mounting foam. Reinforced fiberglass and a layer of decorative plaster are laid on top of the heat-insulating plates. You can glue sheets of drywall instead.

polyurethane foam

Thermal insulation with polyurethane foam

Today, more advanced, simple methods of insulating walls from the inside are also used. A very popular technique using polyurethane foam. This is one of the good options. In this case, it is not necessary to install a frame, glue the plates to the surface of the walls. The material is sprayed onto the surface. It forms a durable layer, which is characterized by low thermal conductivity. The material does not get wet, does not pass water. It is more environmentally friendly than polystyrene foam, so it is more suitable for wall insulation.

The polyurethane foam coating is firmly bonded to almost any surface. It can be applied not only to walls, but also to the ceiling. At the same time, all cold bridges are qualitatively insulated with polyurethane foam. In the place where the dew point can appear, moisture simply will not accumulate. She doesn't get in here. The walls will remain dry.

After surface treatment, a plaster mesh is mounted on it. Next, layers of putty are applied. Features of polyurethane foam are ease of application and efficiency.

Conclusion on the topic

Installation of insulation indoors is not without certain disadvantages. However, knowing how best to mount the selected thermal insulation, you can expect an excellent result. Even a non-professional will be able to perform all the steps correctly. In this case, condensate will not accumulate on the wall surfaces, and heat loss will be significantly reduced. Finishing will be used for a long time and efficiently.

The process has its supporters and ardent opponents. In their own truth, both those and others, it all depends on the situation. But before choosing this particular type of insulation, you need to know which insulation is suitable, to study the nuances of performing insulation work.

To insulate the walls inside the room is to make your home comfortable and cozy for living. This type of heat saving is unconventional, usually used. But there are situations when there is no other way out.

Also, this option can be considered in an apartment building, when the insulation of internal walls is the only way to insulate the room. This process will help eliminate the formation of fungus in the room.

Cons of internal insulation

This method has its drawbacks, so it has many opponents.

Problems with internal thermal insulation of walls arise as follows:

• with external thermal insulation, the walls of the building are protected from the cold, which cannot be achieved with insulation from the inside. The base is in contact with the environment, cracks may appear on it;
• the occurrence of condensation. With internal heat saving, it moves behind the supporting structure and forms between the insulator and the surface. The result may be the development of fungal formations that will be difficult to notice;
• area reduction. Modern heat insulators have excellent characteristics, but have not yet come up with a material that would take up little space. At the moment, with insulation work, the room will become smaller by 10 cm on each side.

Before deciding on internal insulation, it is worth weighing all the shortcomings and considering the advantages, this is the only way to avoid errors and shortcomings during installation.

Thermal insulation materials

This technology allows the use of various thermal insulation materials for walls, which have pros and cons.

The most popular heat insulators:

• wood fiber board;
• ecowool;
• glass wool.

These insulators are commercially available everywhere, and are inexpensive. We will analyze the characteristics of each type of insulators that can be used as insulation from the inside.

Penoplex and polystyrene

A productive and affordable heat insulator, which is used very often in the insulation of apartments, in high-rise buildings. It is enough to take a plate with a thickness of 5 cm. No special tools are needed, and installation is not difficult.

But this material has disadvantages:

• combustibility;
• low strength;
• vapor tightness - if you do not make working ventilation in the apartment, otherwise it will turn into a greenhouse.

Ventilation must be equipped with forced ventilation - this may require additional costs.

This option of thermal insulation is suitable only for concrete, brick, foam block structures, since wood covered with this heat-insulating material loses its ability to "breathe".

Mineral wool

A very common thermal insulator. It is widely used in apartments and industrial buildings, in addition, it is used as a filler in plasterboard partitions, as it has excellent soundproofing properties.

Mineral wool is inexpensive, has excellent vapor barrier. For an apartment or house, it is better to purchase rigid basalt wool slabs, they are easy to install. Another plus of the material is incombustibility.

But it is worth using this material with great care if the walls in the apartment become damp, the basalt wool is hygroscopic, and when wet it completely loses its insulating properties. Therefore, before laying it on the walls, it is necessary to equip the waterproofing layer, and before finishing the lining, pull the vapor barrier.

For waterproofing works, it is better to use membranes, they have vapor permeability and will not interfere with the “breathing” of external walls.

Wood fiber boards

This material has a number of positive characteristics:

• good heat saving and sound insulation;
• not afraid of temperature changes;
• moisture resistant;
• easy to handle and install;
• it does not breed rodents.

Often this material is used specifically for exterior decoration, it is treated with special impregnations that can harm human health.

Foil insulation

Technological processes do not stand still, therefore, innovative developments in the field of insulation and construction are constantly appearing on the market. Such a novelty is a foil heat insulator.

The material is a layer of foamed polyester, on which a layer of thin aluminum foil is glued. The property of this material is that heat is reflected from the foil layer and directed inside the house.

Many manufacturers produce polyester with a self-adhesive layer, so it is very convenient to work with this material, it is enough to carefully prepare the surface and stick insulation on the wall.

Ecowool

The material, which appeared on the market quite recently, but immediately gained popularity among the townsfolk, thanks to a lot of advantages:

• naturalness and safety. The heat insulator is produced by processing secondary cellulose, therefore it is non-toxic;
• excellent indicators of thermal insulation;
• air impermeability;
• fine fiber structure;
• durability;
• does not shrink.

But, despite the positive characteristics, the material has several significant disadvantages that prevent its widespread use:

• the impossibility of doing the installation by hand. The material is applied by wet spraying using special equipment. For insulation, you will have to invite specialists;
• with vertical spraying, the laying of the material must be carried out in stages, since there is a possibility of the layer slipping;
• combustibility;
• the period of solidification of the mass is 24 hours, subject to good ventilation;
• price;
• the need to equip the frame.

The internal thermal insulation of the walls with the help of ecowool is carried out strictly on a wooden crate, the step of which can vary from 60 cm to 1 meter. The frame is constructed so that during spraying the material does not slip from a vertical surface.

glass wool

This heat insulator has been used in construction for a very long time. The main component of this material is fiberglass.

The use of glass wool is due to the following characteristics:

• high soundproof qualities;
• flexibility - due to its structure, glass wool can take any shape;
• fire resistance;
• resistance to chemical attack;
• affordable cost;
• breathability.

But it is worth talking about the shortcomings:

• the material is unstable to mechanical stress, therefore it is mounted only on the frame;
• has a high degree of shrinkage over time;
• service life of 10 years, then glass wool loses its thermal insulation properties;
• destroyed by sun exposure.

Despite the shortcomings, the material is very often used for room insulation, as it has a low cost and ease of installation.

When working with glass wool, it is necessary to use protective equipment - goggles, a mask, gloves and tight clothing, since small, sharp particles of the material cause severe itching when it comes into contact with the skin.

How to choose the right material for indoor insulation

Before you mount the wall insulation from the inside with your own hands, we choose the right insulator that meets the following requirements:

• human safety;
• environmental friendliness;
• durability;
• fire resistance;
• vapor permeability;
• low thermal conductivity;
• moisture resistance.

With internal insulation, the house stands even before the start of installation, they equip a good ventilation system, otherwise the microclimate in the room will become unfavorable over time.

Comparative table of thermal insulation materials:

Material name	Density	Thermal conductivity	Vapor permeability	moisture absorption
Styrofoam	40	0, 037	0,05	2
Penoplex	28	0,028	0,006	0,2
Wood fiber	250-400	0,045-0,09	1	12
mineral wool	30-220	0,07	0,38-0,60	70
Ecowool	35-65	0,032-0,042	0,67	-
glass wool	10-50	0,029-0,052	0,5-0,6	10-15

Wall insulation technology from the inside

Experts advise using room insulation from the inside only in special cases, for example:

• if the apartment is located above the second floor, and for external insulation it is necessary to involve industrial climbers;
• in new buildings, if it is not possible to remove the facade finish and produce external thermal insulation;
• if the insulation of the facade violates the architectural ensemble.

Ways to insulate walls from the inside:

• by frame;
• on glue.

The first method does not require careful leveling of the bearing surface. In addition, it is very easy to fix the facing material to the frame, so if it is planned to build plasterboard walls after insulation, then the crate does not need to be mounted. If after insulation it is planned to plaster the surface, then there is no need for a frame. In any case, the method of fastening the material directly depends on the further finishing of the walls.

Frame insulation

Like a wall from inside a room on a frame? This thermal insulation of the walls from the inside, the process is laborious, but more reliable. Thanks to the frame, the fragile material is not subjected to mechanical stress, this is especially true if foam plastic is chosen as the heat-insulating material.

The wall does not need to be leveled, but before installation it is worth cleaning the surface of the plaster, if it has peeled off, dirt, dust and cover it with an antiseptic composition.

The frame is constructed of aluminum profiles or bars. Fastening is carried out on dowels or self-tapping screws - depending on the material from which the base is made. The step of the racks should be equal to the width of the material, for example, if a soft insulation for walls inside the walls is chosen, then the distance is reduced by two centimeters, when using foam or polystyrene, exactly 60 cm.

If a decision is made to use wooden elements as racks, then they should be treated with impregnation, which will prevent rotting and the formation of fungus.

As soon as the frame is ready, a heat insulator is laid in the gaps, all seams between the material are sealed with mounting foam. After the foam dries, it is cut flush. After that, you can proceed to the final finish.

Thermal insulation of walls inside the premises on the frame is made by the following materials:

• glass wool;
• basalt insulation;
• Styrofoam;
• wood fiber.

Any of the above materials can be mounted using lathing on the walls, except for foil insulation.

Installation of insulation on glue

This type of installation requires careful preparation of the plane of the walls before insulating.

They are cleaned of dust and dirt, degreased. Further work goes according to the following algorithm:

• walls after cleaning are subject to alignment and repair. Cracks are puttied, large protrusions are knocked down, and cavities are sealed with mortar;
• all planes are treated with an antiseptic, or a primer with an antimicrobial effect;
• the primer is applied in two layers;
• after drying, you can start mounting the plates on the glue, it is applied to the wall and to the material with a notched trowel;
• the glue will dry for 2-3 days;
• as soon as the surface dries, you need to perform additional fixation with dowels-umbrellas.

Do not forget that the installation of material layers is carried out with an offset. At the same time, it is imperative to waterproof the base surface and vapor barrier the insulation itself after installation.

The arrangement of insulation for glue has its limitations, since only dense pits are used for this, for example:

• Styrofoam;
• wood fiber;
• penoplex;
• forged insulation.

As soon as all the measures for the installation of the heat insulator are completed, proceed to the finish.

Finishes

Usually, when installing heat-saving boards on glue, they are plastered, using a forming mesh for gypsum composition, and fiberglass for putty. These measures will prevent cracking of the finish coat.

After all plastering and puttying work is completed, and the walls have dried out, we clean the surface with a fine abrasive mesh and paint it with a water emulsion of the desired shade.

There are many negative opinions about whether it is possible to insulate walls from the inside. On the other hand, it is not always possible to sheathe the walls of a private house or apartment with insulation from the outside for various reasons. Therefore, the internal thermal insulation of the premises also has the right to life, the main thing is to correctly perform this insulation with your own hands, which will be discussed in the material presented below.

When it is possible and impossible to do insulation from the inside

All the problems that internal wall insulation can create are largely contrived and often exaggerated by supporters of external thermal insulation. The most common statement is about the dew point that occurs in the wall, which, after the wall is insulated from the inside, moves to its inner surface, as a result of which condensate appears at the insulation / wall boundary, followed by various fungi. Since the process is hidden from view by a heat-insulating layer, the problem is already detected at an advanced stage.

This is not entirely true. In fact, the dew point in the thickness of the wall is constantly moving, because the temperature outside and inside changes even during the day. Therefore, specialists in building thermal physics operate with such a concept as a zone of possible condensation, and not just one point. Within this zone, moisture necessarily condenses, regardless of the method of insulation, the only question is its quantity.

If there is no significant intake of vapor from the outside, then moisture falls out only from the air inside the wall, and this is a meager amount. And since condensation is accompanied by the release of heat, this moisture can quickly evaporate. When a large amount of steam enters the walls from the street or from rooms, dampness can form, which often suffers from cold concrete walls.

Important. If concrete or walls made of other materials are wet, then it is not allowed to insulate the house from the inside until the causes of dampness are clarified and eliminated. Often such reasons are high indoor humidity and lack of supply and exhaust ventilation.

In contrast to negative judgments, we will give a couple of typical examples from practice. The first is the insulation of the pitched roof of a private house, because it is carried out only from the inside. If the heat-insulating "pie" is made correctly, then all the resulting moisture is safely removed from the insulation. The same applies to the frame house, where mineral wool, which is part of the outer wall, acts as thermal insulation.

The reasons why homeowners are forced to insulate the house from the inside are quite good:

• it is technically very difficult to sheathe a wall with insulation from the outside, but it is generally impossible to do it with your own hands. This includes the facades of houses in the city center and apartments of high-rise buildings;
• some enclosing structures border on technical premises, for example, on an elevator shaft;
• since insulation from the inside is much cheaper than the outside, for many this is also an important argument. People do not always have the financial means, but they want to save on heating.

The conclusion from all of the above is this: the internal insulation of a residential or country house has the right to life, but with some reservations. The wall to be insulated must be dry and without fungus initially, and it is necessary to prepare the surface according to the technology.

materials

The choice of materials used to insulate private houses and apartments from the inside is not very wide and consists of the following items:

• mineral wool in slabs with a density of at least 100 kg/m3;
• slab foam plastic with a density of 25 kg/m3;
• extruded polystyrene foam in slabs, also known as polystyrene foam;
• thin insulators with foil based on foamed polyethylene are used as an additional insulation.

Note. There is an opinion that it is possible to insulate building structures with drywall. The latter is indeed able to retain heat, but cannot serve as the main heat-insulating layer. GKL is a finishing material, used in conjunction with heaters.

Non-combustible mineral wool is well suited for internal thermal insulation of any wooden house, both timber and log. Its only serious drawback is the ability to absorb moisture and quite freely pass water vapor through itself. Therefore, mineral wool should be carefully protected from the space of rooms so that moisture from inside the house does not seep into the insulation. At the same time, it is better to take cotton wool in high-density slabs, it does not settle from moisture and is able to give off moisture well.

Advice. It is impossible to purchase mineral wool based on fiberglass (glass wool) for internal thermal insulation, it is harmful to human health.

Whatever they say, the foam plastic also allows a small fraction of the vapor to pass through, so it also needs a vapor barrier. In addition, the material is combustible, so it is better to hide it behind a drywall finish or plaster it. Styrofoam is very popular due to its low cost, therefore it is suitable for a budget option for insulating both wooden and brick walls from the inside.

An excellent insulation in all respects is extruded polystyrene foam, which has the highest thermal insulation performance. Another thing is that it is the most expensive of all materials used for internal insulation, but also the thinnest. And penoplex does not let water vapor through, and therefore does not require any vapor barrier. Better than it is only polyurethane foam, which is sprayed by machine.

Well, foamed foil polyethylene (penofol, isolon) can also be successfully used instead of a vapor barrier film and as additional insulation to the main layer of mineral wool. Only it must be properly laid with gluing the joints, which will be discussed later.

Wall insulation technology from the inside

The first step is to prepare the surface. If we are talking about a brick wall, then it must be plastered and leveled from the inside, after which the surface is treated with a deeply penetrating antifungal primer.

The bottom line is that an air gap does not form between the wall and the insulation layer, from which condensate can fall out at a certain temperature difference. Another thing is a house made of timber or rounded logs, you can’t do without air pockets. If the walls of the timber have only small horizontal slots, then it is unrealistic to make the inner surface of the log house even.

It remains only to carefully caulk all the joints and cracks, and then impregnate the wood with an antiseptic compound. The best option for insulating brick walls is still polystyrene foam or foam plastic with a thickness of 20 to 50 mm, depending on the climate in the region of residence. An adhesive mixture or polyurethane adhesive is first applied to the foam slab, and in a continuous layer, and not just around the perimeter.

Remember what we said earlier about excess air. Then the plate is well glued to the wall, followed by the next one, and so on. It is necessary to ensure that the joints between the plates are minimal, fitting them tightly to each other. After the glue has hardened, the insulation should be fixed with dowels in the form of fungi at the rate of 2-3 pcs. on the styrofoam board, no longer needed.

On this, the warming of the house or cottage from the inside, made by oneself, is completed, you can proceed to the finishing work. Plaster on a reinforcing mesh fits well on penoplex or tiles are glued.

To insulate a wooden house, you will need to install a frame made of timber, whose width is equal to the thickness of the insulation. Thermal insulation technology looks like this:

• the surface of the wall is covered with a diffusion membrane that allows vapor to pass through. A ventilation gap is left under the membrane, as shown in the diagram below;
• the battens of the crate are installed and fixed in such a way that the insulation plates fit between them at a distance;
• mineral wool is laid between the uprights without additional fasteners;
• a vapor barrier film is being installed. Her canvases are laid with overlap and gluing, pressing the counter-lattices with slats;
• drywall sheets and other interior trim are attached to the rails.

Note. Here, the ventilation gap serves to remove vapors that penetrate through the log or timber wall and form in the insulation. For this, special holes are made in the wall.

Particular attention should be paid to sealing the vapor barrier layer. The joints must be well glued with adhesive tape so that moisture from the room cannot penetrate into the insulation. Here, instead of a film, foil foam can be laid, only without overlaps. Aluminum adhesive tape is used for gluing the joints. How to put such heaters correctly is shown in the video:

Conclusion

If the insulation of the walls of the house from the inside is done correctly, then no moisture and fungi with mold will appear under the insulation. When installing the “pie” in a wooden house, it is important to make as few holes as possible in the vapor barrier, for which it is pressed against the ends of the bars with even rails. By the way, any of the listed materials is suitable for insulating houses from a bar, since according to the technology for weathering moisture, a ventilation air is provided.

This article will focus on the internal insulation of the house. I will try to talk in detail about the materials that can be used for these purposes, and the technology for their installation.

Is it possible to carry out internal thermal insulation of the house

First of all, let's figure it out - is it possible to insulate the house from the inside? I must say right away that resorting to this operation is highly undesirable. If you have the opportunity to perform insulation from the outside, be sure to use it.

The fact is that internal insulation has quite a few disadvantages:

• the usable space of the room is reduced, which is critical for small country houses and small apartments;
• wall insulation from the inside does not allow to insulate the ceiling. As a result, the ceiling is in contact with cold walls, and cools itself. True, this drawback is critical for houses with concrete floors;

• walls completely stop heating, which can lead to cracking;
• the dew point shifts into the room, resulting in moisture forming between the insulation and the walls. This leads to the appearance of mold and a decrease in the durability of the walls.

However, sometimes it is possible to perform thermal insulation only from the inside, for example, if it turned out that the external insulation is not enough or the facade has already been finished . In this case, it is necessary to insulate the housing from the inside with minimal negative consequences. for walls. How to do this, I will tell below.

The choice of insulation

First of all, you need to decide what material is better to insulate the house.

There are quite a few options, however, the following heat insulators are most popular:

• mineral wool;
• expanded polystyrene;
• extruded polystyrene foam;
• ecowool.

Mineral wool

Mineral wool is the most popular heat-insulating material for internal insulation, which is associated with the following advantages:

• is an environmentally friendly material. True, this quality applies only to basalt wool. Therefore, it is necessary to use it for internal insulation;
• has vapor permeability, which allows the walls to breathe;
• low thermal conductivity 0.035 - 0.042 W / (m * K);
• is a fireproof material;
• Sold in the form of mats, making it easy to work with mineral wool.

Mineral wool also has disadvantages - it strongly absorbs moisture, therefore it requires high-quality hydro-vapor barrier. In addition, the cost of mineral wool (basalt) is higher than some thermal insulation materials, such as foam.

Keep in mind that mineral wool fibers cause irritation on the skin. Of course, it cannot be compared with glass wool, but, all the same, when working, it is necessary to protect the respiratory organs with a respirator, and hands with gloves.

The cost of basalt wool from some manufacturers is given below:

In general, we can say that mineral wool is the best choice.

Styrofoam

Expanded polystyrene is the cheapest heat-insulating material - the price starts from 1200-1500 rubles per cubic meter.

In addition, it has other advantages:

• thermal conductivity is only 0.037-0.043 W / mK;
• light weight, which simplifies transportation and installation;
• does not cause irritation on the skin, so working with foam is much more comfortable than with mineral wool.

As for the disadvantages, polystyrene foam has quite a few of them:

• fire hazard, and during a fire, the material releases toxic substances that cause serious poisoning that can lead to death;
• low strength;
• zero vapor permeability.

Therefore, foam for internal insulation is used much less frequently than, for example, mineral mats.

Extruded polystyrene foam

Penoplex or extruded polystyrene foam is a modern version of ordinary foam.

As a result of a special manufacturing technology, it has higher characteristics than foam:

• is a more durable material than conventional foam;
• the thermal conductivity coefficient is even lower - 0.028-0.034 W / mK;
• practically does not absorb moisture, therefore, in the case of its use, there is no need to apply hydro and vapor barrier;
• vapor permeability is slightly higher than that of polystyrene - 0.007-0.008 mg / m h Pa, however, these indicators do not allow us to fully call the material vapor permeable.

It must be said that expensive brands of extruded polystyrene foam from well-known manufacturers contain flame retardants in their composition, due to which the insulation is fireproof.

One of the main disadvantages of penoplex is the high price:

For this reason, extruded polystyrene foam is also not often used to insulate walls from the inside.

Ecowool

Ecowool is a relatively new building thermal insulation material, which is made from wood fibers. Due to this, it is environmentally friendly, besides it has good thermal insulation qualities - 0.032-0.041 W / m * K.

Among other advantages of ecowool, the following points can be distinguished:

• thanks to special additives that are used in the production of ecowool, the material is hardly flammable, as well as resistant to biological influences;
• has good vapor permeability;
• has a small weight;
• low cost - about 1200 rubles per cubic meter.

It cannot be said that ecowool is a popular material, however, recently it has been used to insulate housing from the inside more and more often.

Here, perhaps, are all the most common thermal insulation materials today. As for the choice, you can make it yourself, taking into account the information above.

Floor and attic insulation

You can start warming your home with thermal insulation of the floor. To do this, we need one of the above heaters and a vapor barrier film.

Warming is quite simple:

1. if it contains flooring, it must be removed;
2. if there is no draft floor between the lag, cranial bars should be installed and flooring should be laid on them, which will serve as a draft floor;
3. then a vapor barrier membrane is laid on the logs and the subfloor;
4. now you need to lay any heat-insulating material on the subfloor with your own hands;

1. another layer of vapor barrier is laid on top of the log and thermal insulation;
2. at the end of the work, the flooring is laid.

In the same way, the insulation of the ceiling from the attic side is performed.

If the floor in the house is concrete, then you can install logs and insulate it as described above, or pour a screed.

In the second case, the work is carried out in the following sequence:

1. the floor is cleaned of debris and covered with an anti-mold compound;
2. then the base is covered with a waterproofing film with a twist on the walls;

1. a heater is laid on top of the film (extruded polystyrene foam, mineral wool or polystyrene foam);
2. then the insulation is covered with a layer of waterproofing;
3. after that, the screed will be performed according to the standard scheme.

You can also insulate the concrete floor in the attic.

Frame wall insulation technology

There are two ways to insulate a house from the inside - frame and frameless. First of all, let's consider how thermal insulation is performed using the frame method, since it is the most common.

So, the process of warming from the inside of the walls in a frame way can be divided into five steps:

Preparation of materials

In addition to the heat insulator, to insulate the walls from the inside, you will need the following materials:

• wooden slats;
• wooden beams (you can also use drywall profiles);
• vapor barrier membrane;

• finishing material for sheathing the frame;
• anti-mold agent of the anti-mold type.

If the house is wooden, you will also need:

• antiseptic for wood;
• interventional heater.

Wall preparation

Before you insulate the house from the inside, you must perform the following preparatory steps:

1. if the walls contain old crumbling plaster, it must be removed;

1. then the surface of the walls must be treated with an anti-mold composition. If the walls are wooden, you need to use antiseptic impregnation for wood.
   Instructions for use of these formulations are usually available on the package;

1. if the house is timber or log, it is imperative to insulate the intervention gaps. To do this, you can use tow, linen tape, etc.

Now the walls are ready for further work.

Frame installation

Now you can proceed to the installation of the frame and wall insulation.

This work is done like this:

1. the surfaces of the wall and insulation should not come into contact. Moreover, it is highly desirable to make a ventilation gap between the insulation and the wall.. To do this, horizontal rails are attached to the walls.

The vertical distance between the planks should be half a meter, and horizontally - a few centimeters. Keep in mind that the slats should form a flat vertical plane.

Therefore, if the walls are uneven, the position of the slats must be adjusted by placing bars, plywood scraps, etc. under them. It is not necessary to perfectly align, since it is possible to correct the plane of the frame at the stage of installing the racks;

1. now, in order for a ventilation gap to form between the inner surface of the wall and the insulation, it is necessary to tighten the vapor barrier membrane on the rails. Joints, which must necessarily have an overlap, should be glued with adhesive tape;
2. Next, the racks are installed. If the thickness of the bars corresponds to the thickness of the insulation, then they can be fixed on the rails using metal corners and self-tapping screws. If the racks are thinner, you can use the hangers that are used for drywall, and fix the bars in them.

As I said above, you can make a standard metal frame, as for drywall. In this case, guides should be installed on the floor and ceiling, a distance equal to the thickness of the insulation will retreat from the wall (rails).

Then the rack profiles are inserted into the guides, and fixed in the hangers. In other words, the work is carried out in the same sequence as when assembling a conventional frame for GKL.

If mineral mats will be used as a heat-insulating material, the distance between the racks should be a couple of centimeters less than their width. If expanded polystyrene or penoplex will be used, the distance should correspond to the width of the plates;

1. The next step is to insulate the walls of the house. Mats or insulation boards are inserted into the space between the uprights. Try to arrange the insulation as close to each other as possible to avoid the formation of cold bridges;

1. then another layer of vapor barrier is mounted according to the principle described above;
2. on top of the film, a crate is attached to the racks. As a rule, wooden slats are used for these purposes;
3. at the end of the work, holes are made from the outside of the walls below and under the visor to provide ventilation. These holes can be filled with mineral wool.

This completes the wall insulation. I must say that thermal insulation with ecowool is carried out somewhat differently. If it is used, the frame is first covered with a vapor barrier film, after which the ecowool is fed into the frame space through a hose using special equipment, as shown in the photo above.

There is also a wet method of warming. In this case, ecowool is applied wet under pressure, as a result of which it sticks to the wall surface. The disadvantage of this technology is that it will not be possible to make a ventilation gap between the wall and the insulation.

After the walls are insulated, the frame should be sheathed with drywall, clapboard, plastic panels or other material. Since this procedure has no special features, we will not consider it.

Frameless insulation technology

Now consider how to insulate the house inside in a frameless way. I must say right away that for such insulation you can use only polystyrene foam or extruded polystyrene foam.

In addition to the insulation, the following materials must be prepared:

• glue for foam;

• waterproofing primer;
• dowels for foam;
• fiberglass mesh;
• putty for walls.

The warming process in this case is as follows:

1. so that the insulation does not come into contact with the damp surface of the wall, the wall must be treated with a waterproofing primer. The composition can be applied with a paint roller as a conventional primer;

1. then you need to dilute the foam adhesive in water, following the instructions on the package;
2. then the adhesive composition must be applied to the back side of the insulation using a notched trowel;

1. the insulation must be attached to the wall, slightly pressed down and leveled. Work is carried out from the corner from the bottom up;
2. then the second insulation plate is glued in the same way, which is located close to the first;

1. after gluing the entire first row, you can begin the installation of the second. Position it with an offset relative to the first row, i.e. on the principle of brickwork. Also, ensure that the slabs are bonded at the corners.
   In this way, all the walls in the room are pasted over;

In the photo - an example of installing dowels

1. after the glue dries, the insulation must be additionally fixed with dowels. Dowels should be placed at the corners of the insulation. Install them so that the caps are slightly recessed;
2. if the insulation is carried out with extruded polystyrene foam, the surface of the insulation must be treated with sandpaper or a metal brush to roughen the surface.
   After that, the penoplex must be coated with an adhesive primer;
3. the existing gaps between the plates must be filled with scraps of insulation or even mounting foam;

1. now you need to glue the mesh to the insulation with the same glue that glued the plates. The glue should be applied to the insulation with a notched trowel, after which a fiberglass mesh should be applied to the surface and drawn over it with an ordinary trowel or a small one.
   Keep in mind that the edges must overlap each other by at least 10 cm.
2. after drying, the walls must be covered with another thin layer of adhesive;

1. at the end of the work, the surface must be primed and puttied.

After insulating the walls in this way, it is necessary to ensure high-quality ventilation in the room, otherwise the humidity will be constantly increased in the housing.

This completes the insulation. It must be said that when the walls are insulated in this way, they will dampen more strongly than when thermally insulated by the method described above. Therefore, this technology is best used for thermal insulation of the ceiling or if it is necessary to additionally insulate the walls.

Conclusion

From the article, you learned that it is quite simple to perform internal insulation in a private house. However, this procedure is very demanding on the observance of technology, on which the durability of the walls depends. I recommend watching the video in this article to consolidate the material received. If you have any questions, leave them in the comments, and I will be happy to answer you.

Insulation of the apartment from the inside most often becomes necessary in houses with panel walls, since they are not thick enough, they quickly cool down, the heating system cannot fully cope with its tasks, and the temperature in the rooms drops. How to insulate a wall inside an apartment, and what methods and materials to use - this question arises before most homeowners in concrete high-rise buildings. External walls in such houses become cold especially quickly, and often, due to temperature changes, they begin to dampen and become covered with mold.

Sometimes, when there is such an opportunity, the thermal insulation of the walls is carried out from the outside, as this — more efficient way keeping warm. However, this option is very expensive due to the complexity of its implementation, and it is impossible to carry out such events on your own, without the use of special equipment, if the apartment is located above the first or second floor. Therefore, a decision is made to insulate the walls from the inside, to the detriment of the total usable area. But be that as it may, a warm apartment of a slightly smaller area is better than large cold rooms. Internal work may well be carried out with your own hands, without the involvement of specialists. The main thing is to choose the right material and have the right tools.

If autonomous heating equipment is installed in the apartment, then wall insulation will help save energy resources, which are very expensive today.

Disadvantages of internal insulation

Compared with the external thermal insulation of the walls, the internal insulation of the apartment has its rather significant drawbacks:

• An insulated wall does not accumulate or retain heat, and heat losses range from 8 to 15%.

With internal insulation, the “dew point” may be inside the insulation, which leads to dampness

• The “dew point” for internal thermal insulation is between the insulation and the wall, sometimes inside the insulation layer. This leads to the formation of condensation and the appearance of mold colonies. .
• An improperly insulated wall from the inside will freeze all the time, and this inevitably causes irreversible destructive processes in the thickness of the material over time.

Proper insulation

So that condensation does not form under the thermal insulation layer from temperature changes in the winter, and, as a result, mold spots do not appear on the walls, all technological recommendations for insulating concrete walls from the inside of the apartment must be carefully followed.

An important element in the structure of the thermal insulation "pie" is a high-quality vapor barrier. It should protect the insulation from moisture penetration, which will allow the entire structure to effectively perform its functions for a long time.

What work needs to be done to achieve the goal?

• It is necessary to purchase a high quality vapor barrier film and waterproof tape to seal the seams on the connection of its sheets.
• For the insulation layer, you need to choose a material that has low vapor permeability. It is desirable that this indicator be lower than the vapor permeability of the wall material. In this case, moisture evaporation will occur towards the street, and not inside the apartment.
• When gluing the insulation, its surface is completely smeared with glue using spatula-comb, and it is pressed very tightly against the surface of the wall, so that even small cavities do not remain between them.
• In order to avoid the occurrence of excessively high relative humidity inside the premises, they must be equipped with additional ventilation of a natural or forced type. For example, for this, valves are installed on the window frames, through which air will enter the room.

• Next, you need to accurately calculate the required thickness of the insulation. It will depend on the average daily temperature in the region in winter. The thickness of the thermal insulation material should not be less than those parameters that were obtained during the calculations, otherwise the steam-thermal balance will be violated.
• Before installing the insulation system, the walls must be treated with special primers. They will "treat" the wall, will not allow mold colonies to form on it, and will also increase adhesion when gluing thermal insulation.
• Installation of insulation can only be started after the wall has completely dried.
• It is impossible to allow the formation of "cold bridges", which can nullify the entire insulation process. The risk of their occurrence is especially high at the junctions of walls and ceilings.

What heaters and how are they used

Cork is an excellent natural material for thermal insulation.

Such a thermal insulator is made in the form of plates or rolls from the bark of a special variety of oak - cork. Therefore, it is an environmentally friendly safe insulation, which is very important for interior decoration.

Using high quality material, you can solve three problems at once - these are noise and sound insulation, as well as decorative wall decoration.

An important condition for the installation of cork coating is the evenness of the wall, therefore, before proceeding with its gluing, it is necessary to carefully prepare the surface. This process is carried out as follows:

• The old coating is completely peeled off the wall.
• Then the entire surface is treated, which will protect the wall from damage by fungus or mold.

• The next step is to level the surface.
• You can ennoble the walls with drywall, but in this case, the sheet must be completely smeared with waterproof glue or mounting foam, so that there are no voids under it. Drywall is firmly pressed against the wall and additionally fixed with anchors or plastic "fungi".
• Cork material can be glued onto a dried wall. To do this, use a special glue designed for such purposes.

The positive qualities of the material, in addition to its environmental friendliness, low thermal conductivity and good noise absorption, include:

• Ease of installation of cork wall covering while maintaining accuracy in work.
• Aesthetically attractive respectable look.
• Always warm and pleasant to the touch surface of the material.
• A variety of release forms, textured patterns and shades.

Cork is not only an excellent thermal insulator. It will give the room a special decorative effect.

• Cork insulation does not have a large thickness, therefore it does not make the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room smaller - this quality compares favorably with other thermal insulation materials.

Penofol

Penofol, in essence, is a rolled polyethylene foam with a thickness of 2 to 10 mm, on one side of which it is applied, which contributes to the reflection of heat into the room.

Penofol - foamed polyethylene with a foil coating

• Before its installation, the surface is prepared in the same way as for a cork coating.
• Penofol can be fixed to even walls with the help of construction double-sided tape. Under any circumstances, the material is placed with the foil side into the room. This creates a kind of thermos for efficient heat retention.
• stripes penofol are laid end to end. Between themselves, they are glued with a special adhesive tape, which also has a foil-coated reflective surface, since the entire coating must be airtight.

• On top of the penofol fixed to the wall, a crate of slats, bars or galvanized metal profiles is installed. This frame with a tanet base for mounting lining or wall cladding with plasterboard sheets. The plasterboard surface can subsequently be covered with plaster, wallpapered, or carefully puttied and sanded, and then painted.
• When installing drywall or lining, it is very important to leave a gap at the top and bottom of the structure, which will serve as a vent for air circulation so that moisture does not accumulate.

Despite its small thickness, penofol is an excellent heat and sound insulator. It is used as a separate insulation, but it can also be used in combination with other materials. It attracts with the simplicity and speed of laying on walls, floors or ceilings, as well as with a long service life.

Video: insulation of internal walls with foil material

Prices for thermal insulation materials

Thermal insulation materials

When choosing a material for insulating a dwelling from the inside, you must first examine all the surfaces of the walls on which thermal insulation will be installed. If the wall is dry and there are no mold spots on it, then you can start preparing the surface and purchase insulation material. It is strictly forbidden to carry out such work on an unprepared basis. Not only will such insulation not give the desired effect - you can thoroughly spoil the apartment atmosphere, make it damp, unhealthy, since spores of many types of mold or fungus are extremely dangerous for people's health, especially for those suffering from chronic respiratory diseases or a predisposition to allergic reactions. .

In general, any of the apartment methods presented in the publication from the inside will not require any complex additional equipment, and this technological process can be carried out independently.