The standard dimensions of the timber - briefly about the important. What are the dimensions of the timber The timber is different

Widely used in the construction industry, being one of the most important raw materials. If in former times it was enough to make a 4-sided bar for a bar, today higher requirements are imposed on this product.

Modern industry produces 3 types of timber:

• whole;
• profiled;
• glued.

In shape, each of these types of timber has an ideal 4-sided surface along all edges. At the same time, glued timber can be solid and with a profile plane. For the production of timber, not all types of wood are used. Suitable recognize: spruce, pine, larch, fir and cedar. They can also use birch and aspen, but these types of wood are used much less than conifers.

The length of the beam can reach 3 - 9 meters, depending on the purpose of the order. But more common is a beam of 3 and 6 meters in length. In cross section, the timber is from 100 mm to 300 mm. If we talk about a square section, then the dimensions are as follows:

• 100 x 100 mm
• 150 x 150 mm
• 200 X 200 mm
• 300 X 300 mm.

• 100 X 150 mm;
• 150 X 200 mm;
• 250 X 300 mm.

It is noteworthy that the standard dimensions of the beam are mandatory for mass production, which produces products in accordance with GOSTs. Can be made for individual orders bar of other sizes.

Solid timber is the most common, compared to other categories. In its production, inexpensive and easy-to-use equipment is used. For this reason, the cost of timber remains relatively low. Solid timber has been widely used in the construction of residential buildings, baths, country houses, country houses, as it is distinguished by an acceptable price and good performance properties.

Profiled timber (or wooden) is obtained from solid logs. On two sides, smooth surfaces (planes) are made, and on the other (top and bottom), a groove and a ledge are made. This is done so that when laying the beam completely coincides between the rows. The shape and number of grooves are chosen depending on the intended purpose and features of the future construction object.

It should be noted that the profiled timber is more economical, since the walls do not need to be sealed during the construction of the house. In addition, experts note increased level of adhesion of the beam to each other. At the same time, construction time is significantly reduced, which is very important when fulfilling any order.

Wooden laminated timber appeared on the domestic market relatively recently, about 30 years ago. In its manufacture, there is no need to use solid tree trunks. To obtain the desired size of the beam, it is necessary to use the appropriate number of boards, which, as a result of pressure, are pressed according to a certain technology. This type of timber is resistant to deformation, durable to mechanical stress and reliable in operation. Wooden beams are produced in profiled forms.

The technology for the production of glued laminated timber belongs to the class of environmentally friendly, because it does not cause significant damage to the environment. It takes only 3-4 weeks to build a house from glued laminated timber.

The calculation of the amount of material, even an approximate one, is important, since it allows you to clearly imagine what work can and should be carried out in the first place, and which can wait, and not only from a technological point of view, but also from a financial one. Knowing the amount of material, you can predict the completion date of the work and, in the end, reach the most important thing, when you can move into a new house.

So, about the beam and its types.

The beam needs a different one, it needs a lot

Timber in construction has a division, which you pay little attention to in everyday life, indeed, timber is a material of square section, of considerable length.

And there are several of them:

• Timber traditional- these are exactly the same bars with a section of 100x100 mm or 150x150 mm. Sufficiently demanded products, they are used to cover ceiling structures, can be used independently in the construction of sheds, garages and various buildings, participate in the formation of floors. The standard length of the beam in this case will be 6 m;

Note! Sometimes in the literature you can find information about the so-called rounded timber. This is a somewhat incorrect name, since, in fact, a beam is a process of sawing logs. There is no such technological process when a beam is obtained from a log and turned into a log again, this is absurd. And there is a process of processing wooden trunks, which results in a rounded log without bark, of a single diameter, having an unloading groove and ready for construction.

• Beam profiled, the most interesting material, since as a result of processing, not only the edges are hewn to a square section, but combinations are possible when one side is semi-circular and is actually a log slab, the second is flat. The upper and lower faces of such a product will have special grooves that allow you to assemble a house or any other building using classical technology, but much faster. The standard dimensions of a wooden beam are 6 m long, and the cross section can be of several types from 135x280 to 270x240 mm. Intermediate options are also possible;

Interesting to know! As you have already noticed, the length of a standard beam is 6 m, but this absolutely does not mean that manufacturers cannot make longer beams. Everything is made only to order, and the price of such a product will be higher.

• There is another development that allows you to expand the possibilities of wood and its use in construction. It is called glued timber.

It is this product that is most in demand now:

• firstly, this is the same profiled beam, but consisting of pieces, which significantly increases its capabilities;
• secondly, due to the puffiness, the price of such a product will be lower than that of an analogue made of solid wood.

For comparison, the standard dimensions are not only 6, but also 12 m, which allows you to build a solid wall without building up and additional seams through which cold and wind can seep (even theoretically). According to the conditional section, these products completely repeat the usual profiled timber.

And although the traditional types of wood for construction are pine and spruce, cedar is often used as a VIP variety, larch has proven itself well.

Good advice may or may not be followed.

However, in any case, it is still worth listening to them, especially since they are on the case, so:

• Products from coniferous trees are often used for the construction of external walls and floor beams, floor battens. For interior finishing works, more expensive and richer in terms of pattern and color saturation products made of hardwood (linden, oak, ash, beech) are used;
• When choosing beams, pay special attention to the method of storage, packaging and appearance of products. Remember that when the moisture content of a tree rises to 30%, its strength decreases by 1.5 times, which in turn can lead to deformation of the beam during drying, as well as to other defects;
• If you choose profiled timber or glued profiled timber, then after examining the condition of the tree, pay attention to the condition of the grooves, they should be even, without gross damage. The whole point here is that the very design of this castle excludes the ingress of moisture into the space between the beams, and, consequently, the decay of the wood. The presence of damage can provide such an opportunity;

Note! Glued laminated timber looks somewhat preferable than its solid counterpart. And the declared standard size of the timber is impressive, and the price offered by the sellers is small. Some masters will even tell you that such a bar, or rather a house made of it, does not shrink. And there is shrinkage, small, but there. Therefore, no matter how much you would like to immediately start installing windows and doors, interior decoration, remember that such buildings can shrink by several centimeters, which is not as noticeable as when installing a log house, but, nevertheless, deform window frames or doorways can.

If you decide to build a house from a bar or are planning such a construction in the future, then first of all you need to calculate the amount of material that will need to be purchased. In order for your calculations to be correct, you need to know standard sizes of timber and edged boards, since these materials are the most commonly used lumber in the construction of wooden houses and timber houses.

To calculate the number of cubes of profiled timber for building a house, you can use the timber calculator.

As a rule, a building beam has the following dimensions:

• 150*150 mm;
• 100*150 mm;
• 100*100 mm;
• A small bar has dimensions of 40 * 40 mm and 50 * 50 mm.

The standard length of the beam is 6 meters, beams of greater length are made to order. When ordering such a beam, it is necessary to take into account possible difficulties during its transportation, since not all modes of transport are suitable for transporting material of this length. The standard dimensions of edged boards are 100 and 150 mm wide and 50, 40 and 25 mm thick. As with the beam, the standard length of the board is 6 meters.

Dimensions of edged boards and timber according to GOST.

The dimensions of the timber are regulated by GOST and the products of any sawmill are focused on standardized dimensions. Sawmills produce completely different products, such as edged, unedged boards, bars and beams, and so on.

By quality, hardwoods are divided into 3 grades, conifers - into 5. The highest grade lumber is called selected (marked with a horizontal stripe or the letter "O"), the remaining grades are marked with numbers 1-4 (marked with the corresponding number of dots, vertical stripes or just a number) .

Table for all standard board sections GOST 8486.

Table for all standard beam sections GOST 8486.

Lumber quality is judged on the worst side or edge.

Varieties and symbols of wood.

First grade wood it is used to create elements of building structures, windows, doors, stairs, fine finishing of floors and walls. The moisture content of the variety should not exceed 22%.

Second grade wood used for decking, load-bearing building structures (category II) formwork, battens and planed parts. The moisture content of the variety should not exceed 22%.

The third grade of wood used for the production of load-bearing structures (category III). The moisture content of the variety should not exceed 22%.

The fourth grade of wood suitable for the manufacture of containers, small blanks. Permissible humidity of the 4th grade is not standardized.

The designation of the bar indicates the material (board, bar, bar), then a number is indicated that determines the grade, type of wood (coniferous or other types of wood - pine, spruce, larch, cedar, fir). Then indicate the size of the cross section in millimeters and the designations of a certain standard.

What does it look like: Board - 2 - spruce - 40 x 150 - GOST 8486-86

Some manufacturers also indicate the length and cubic capacity of the product: Board - 2 - larch - 40 x 150 x 6000 - GOST 8486-86 Quantity in a cube: 27 pieces.

Measuring lumber.

To measure the length of lumber and blanks, you need to fix the smallest distance between the ends, and the width is measured anywhere, but retreating 150 millimeters.

The thickness of lumber is measured similarly at an arbitrary point with an indent of 150 millimeters. The width of unedged lumber is determined in the middle of the length (excluding bark).

The volume of lumber is determined in cubic meters based on the dimensions determined by GOST 5306 - 83.

Cross-sectional dimensions (a x b) and lengths (L) of edged boards are determined by GOST 8486-86

• 1 is the length - 6.5 meters, with a gradation of 0.25 m.
• a is the width of the edged board: 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 225, 250, 275 mm.
• b is the thickness of the edged board: 16, 19, 22, 25, 32, 40, 44, 50, 60, 75 mm.

How many pieces of edged boards in 1 cubic meter of lumber.

The weight of 1 m 3 is calculated by the formula: M \u003d V * P

• M - weight.
• V - volume
• P is the density of wood, which depends on the type of wood, its humidity, place of growth, the specific part of the trunk from which the board is made.

Table of density of various woods.

Calculation example: let's say you need to find out the weight of 1m 3 of a pine board: M = 1 cu. m. *520 kg / cu. m. = 520 kg at a moisture content of 12% (the physical and mechanical properties of wood are calculated with this indicator)

Absolutely dry wood will have a lower density (the equilibrium moisture content of wood for indoor use is 6-8%), and higher for natural moisture content. Natural humidity is not standardized and can vary from 30% - 80%.

bar is a board whose dimensions correspond to the following inequality: a/b< 2. Длина бруса будет равна длине обрезной доски. Нестандартные размеры всегда могут быть выполнены под заказ.

• Size a (width) of the beam: 50, 60, 75, 100, 130, 150, 180, 200, 20, 250 millimeters.
• b (thickness) 130, 150, 180, 200, 220, 250 millimeters.

The table shows the volume of a beam 10 meters long, coniferous. (m 3)

Width (a) and thickness(b) softwood: 16; nineteen; 22; 25; 32; 40; 44; fifty; 60; 75 millimeters.

Width (a) thickness(b) hardwood: 19; 22; 25; 32; 40; 45; fifty; 60; 70; 80; 90; 100 millimeters.

The length of the bars is equal to the length of the edged board.

wooden beam refers to lumber. The length of the beam must be many times greater than the width. A square or rectangular section is also required. The first is considered classic. The configuration of the timber provides ease of laying "logs".

Glued wooden beam

Ordinary logs are known to be round. There are round ones. They are passed through the machine, aligning the diameter along the entire length of the barrel. More difficult with wild logs. They are only cut down, not leveled. The bar is not wild. It is always a product of standard sizes, even.

Types of wooden beam

Timber construction is popular because wood is lighter. You can save on. In addition, the tree breathes, passing oxygen and exuding useful, fragrant resins into the air.

In cold areas, the heat-saving properties of the material are appreciated. For builders and industrialists, ease of wood processing is important. Depending on this processing, by the way, the beam is divided into:

1. Whole. The first one created by mankind. It is enough to take a round log and pass it through the machine, cutting off the sidewalls. It remains a bar of square or rectangular section. Wood retains its natural moisture. The first 2 years, moisture actively comes out, leading to significant shrinkage. Even a tree without drying can be infected with a fungus.

The geometry of the solid timber leaves much to be desired. It does not comply with GOST in terms of evenness of the cut and uniformity of the cross section. The gaps between the bars in some places can be 4-5 millimeters. In addition, the "seams" themselves often "jump". Accordingly, the thermal conductivity of the masonry is enhanced. Saving on timber, you have to pay extra for insulation and finishing.

1. Profiled wooden beam. Also solid, but made from dried logs. Such do not change the geometry after the construction of the structure, are not affected by fungi. Expenses not for equipment and space for drying wood are included in the cost of timber. He is considered elite. Therefore, the profiled goods have strict, accurate to the millimeter along the entire length dimensions.

wooden beam category is enough for a perfect “fit” at home, a bath, also thanks to the very profile after which the product is named. Its geometry in section is more complicated than a regular square.

Notches and protrusions are made along the lower and upper edges of the beam. They connect like a zipper. The groove enters the ridge. Such fastening of a wooden beam blocks the penetration of water into the interventional insulation.

This means that the profiled masonry does not care about rotting. The most dense masonry also enhances the heat-saving properties of the building. Attractiveness is added to it by the factory finish of the front surface of the timber.

It, for example, is often made round. This aesthetically brings the structure closer to the log. Being made of a solid array, a profiled beam, like a regular one, can crack over time. This is a minus of the material.

1. Glued wooden beam. Consists of lamellas. Their number ranges from 2 to 5. This is how bars of one or another width are obtained. The composition of the "logs" is also regulated. The central lamellas are often pine. The material is porous, does not “shine” with durability, but it is budget-friendly. The front faces are made, as a rule, from larch. It is famous for its density. A minimum of pores makes wood resistant to moisture penetration, mechanical stress, and ultraviolet radiation. Larch literally covers pine, not allowing the latter to influence the quality of the product, but "allowing" to reduce its cost. The perpendicular alternation of fibers in the lamellas ensures the quality of gluing. It is done under pressure. The complexity of the technology for the production of glued laminated timber makes it more expensive than profiled and solid.

Gluing the lamellas along the perpendicular alternation of fibers compensates for the stress in the wood when the weather changes. Structures made of glued material are resistant to shrinkage and cracking. The slats, like logs for profiled timber, are dried.

However, due to the thinness of the strips, they give off moisture more evenly. As a result, the shrinkage of glued beams does not exceed 1%. However, the vapor permeability of buildings also decreases. It prevents them from breathing, laid between layers of wood. There are no additives in solid and profiled timber.

There is also a division of timber according to the nature of its surface treatment. There are two, three and four edges. The latter has all log faces cut off. A three-edged product has one side left rounded. A two-canton beam has two of them.

Double wooden beam

The degree of processing of the timber is also important. It is edged, that is, obtained in the process of sawing trunks, which makes the surface of the goods rough. The second type is planed and polished, which is not only sawn, but also devoid of roughness.

Do not forget about the class of timber. Occurs:

• selected, flawless
• first-class, on which tiny knots, cracks, chips occur
• second-rate, the damage of which does not fit into the norms
• the third grade, which is easy to recognize in the photo - a wooden beam riddled with multiple defects

Finally - an overview of the novelty of the market. We're talking about a composite beam. It's hollow on the inside. A heater such as mineral wool or is driven into a wooden block. This modification of the beam is also called package.

There is also a sandwich option - a layer of polyurethane foam is glued between two boards. Composite options are warmer than usual. So the thermal conductivity of a sandwich 16 centimeters thick is equal to that of a 39-centimeter full-bodied timber.

wooden houses from composite timber, as well as from glued timber, have not yet passed the test of time. There are no buildings standing at least half a century. The glue bar appeared earlier than the composite one, but it is also new. Perhaps, the cons of materials unknown so far will be revealed.

It should also be forgotten about the false beam. Otherwise, it is called eurolining or panel house. It creates imitation of a wooden beam. In fact, the product is a board. They make a facade out of it.

As a result, the house looks timber. For interior decoration, you can use the usual lining. It is thinner and mounted at any degree. The euro version is installed exclusively in the horizontal plane.

Wooden beam dimensions

The determining dimensions of the beam are its length and width. The latter is at least 10 centimeters, and in millimeters - 100. Wooden beam a smaller section is not provided by GOST. What then are thumbnails? These are bars. That is, the request wooden beam 50 50» in accordance with construction terminology is incorrect.

Typical square bars also include "logs" with dimensions of 15 by 15 and 20 by 20 centimeters. Rectangular beams are produced in variations of 15 by 20 centimeters.

Typical lengths of timber include three-, four- and six-meter. From the sum of the section and wooden beam length depends on the weight of the building material. The parameter is calculated per cubic meter. Wherein:

1. A bar with a section of 20 by 20 centimeters and a length of 3 meters weighs 103 kilograms. There are 8.3 "logs" in a cubic meter.
2. With a similar cross section, but a 4-meter length, a cube of material weighs 138 kilos, containing 6.25 bars.
3. If a beam with a 20-centimeter section has a length of 6 meters, a cubic meter weighs 210 kilograms, containing 4.1 “logs”.
4. A beam with a section of 20 by 15 centimeters with a 6-meter length weighs 156 kilograms. There are 5.5 pieces in a cubic meter.
5. With a 6-meter length, but a cross section of 20 by 10 centimeters, the mass of building material is 104 kilograms. 8.3 bars fit in a cubic meter.
6. A beam with a section of 15 by 15 centimeters with a length of 6 meters weighs 116 kilos. A cubic meter holds 7.4 pieces.
7. Six-meter "logs" with a section of 15 by 10 centimeters weigh 78 kilograms. There are 11.1 bars per cubic meter of production.
8. The mass of a six-meter bar with a section of 10 by 10 centimeters is 52 kilograms per cube, in which there are 16.6 "logs".

Non-standard product sizes are possible. The minimum length for which some machines are “sharpened” is 2 meters, and the maximum is 9. The width is 125, 175 and 250 millimeters. These products are often made to order.

The use of wood beam

The material is used in the construction of private houses, baths, in the production of furniture, railway sleepers. Scope of application depends on the type and variety timber. Wooden baths from first-rate and second-rate are being built. For houses, if possible, take selective. Timber of the third grade is used only as an auxiliary raw material.

Wooden beam walls sanded is often left untouched. Rough "logs" are covered with additional finishing. Long bars are good for floors. Dried options are allowed at home, and with natural humidity they are often used for garden buildings, for example, gazebos.

Wooden beam house

They connect lumber parts, depending on their type and purpose, cutting and cutting into each other, overlapping and fixing with nails, screws, bolts. There is an option to plant a beam on glue. Another method of fastening is to fix with screws with metal plates. The latter come in various forms.

The notch is ideal for massive elements. These include rafters, beams, walls. In frames, windows, doors and other joinery, it is easier to use glue.

The use of timber is not limited to the construction of it or the manufacture of some object. It is important to complete the process with wood processing. Its main disadvantages are susceptibility to burning and decay.

Rescue stains and varnishes. Available with flame retardants. The antibacterial complex includes any compositions for wood processing. Most also saves from moisture. Varnishes fill the pores in the bars. There is simply nowhere for water to go.

In addition to improving the performance of the timber, its treatment with protective compounds adds aesthetics. You can, for example, change the color of wood and emphasize its texture. For beams, it is customary to use conifers.

They have more resin. It is both an antiseptic and a pore filler. Hardwood wears out faster. However, the color and pattern of pine or spruce may not suit the consumer. With the help of a stain, he turns products into wenge, oak, maple.

timber price

The price of a wooden beam depends on its type and size. So, a cube of glued larch building material with a cross section of 20 by 20 centimeters and a length of 6 meters costs about 27 thousand rubles per cubic meter. For a beam of a similar size, but edged from solid pine, they ask about 7 thousand rubles. This is the price of a premium product. You can buy a second-rate one for 5 thousand rubles per cubic meter.

The price of a bar partly depends on the season. To building cost soars. There is also a relationship between the cost of goods and the region of sale. Cheaper wood is grown and harvested within a region, republic or region.

Being once budget materials, wood is moving into the category of elite. Deforestation leads to a shortage of material. If we take into account the cost of insulation, a house made of average quality timber is more expensive than a similar building made of aerated concrete or another type of foam blocks.

Before construction, read which timber is best for building a house - we choose the type of timber, size and thickness, depending on the purpose of the future construction. Consider and compare the types of wooden building materials.

And we will also determine what thickness of the timber is suitable for the construction of a bathhouse, a summer residence and a house for permanent residence.

Types of wooden building materials on the modern market

Currently, there are several types of materials used in wooden construction:

• glued timber,
• profiled beam,
• unprofiled beam,
• calibrated log,
• rounded log,
• hewn log.

Advantages of timber buildings

Why timber for building a house is better than logs:

• smooth and even surface of the walls,
• "easy" construction due to the lower weight of the timber,
• geometric accuracy of the entire structure,
• strong fastening of the bars to each other, which, as a result, prevents the penetration of cold and the formation of cracks,
• pleasant atmosphere and aesthetically pleasing view, both outside and inside the house.

The most popular competing wooden building materials are glued timber and profiled timber. Both have their supporters and opponents.

Before starting construction, the customer must clearly understand which timber is better for building a house, and which timber is better to use for a summer residence or a bath.

What type of timber to use for building a house

Profiled timber

The most popular material for low-rise wooden construction. The bar is made of wood, more often coniferous. It is a solid mass of wood, processed to obtain a groove on a planer and milling machine. In its manufacture, it is important to observe the exact dimensions and the correct geometric shape, otherwise the bars will not fit together and a gap will form. Therefore, the main requirement for obtaining high-quality profiled timber is high-precision equipment.

Glued laminated timber

Glued laminated timber is also often used for low-rise construction of private houses, summer cottages and baths. The bar is made of wood, more often coniferous species - spruce, cedar, larch, pine. Logs are sawn into boards (lamellas) and planed until they achieve perfect smoothness.

Which timber is better for building a house - glued or profiled

Let's compare the main characteristics of these types of timber.

Environmental friendliness

Here, profiled timber has no equal. This is a natural material, absolutely harmless to people living in a house built from it. The environmental friendliness of glued beams depends on the glue that was used for its production. The more harmless the glue (and over time it will gradually evaporate anyway), the more expensive the glued laminated timber. When using low-quality glue, the boards can even stick out over time.

Dimensions

The length of the profiled beam depends on the length of the source material (most often the length of the beam is 6 m.) The length of the glued beam can reach 18 m.

Quality

The question is difficult. At first, glued laminated timber is stronger than profiled timber due to gluing and pressing, and besides, it is drier (glulamic timber contains 11-14% moisture), profiled timber - up to 20%. Due to dryness, glued beams shrink very little (about 1%). But over time, glued laminated timber is saturated with moisture from the environment, which brings it closer in properties to dry profiled timber.

Well-dried and shrunk, profiled timber does not rot, crack, and can serve for more than a hundred years.

Price

The cost of glued laminated timber is much more expensive than profiled timber - 2-3 times, which is due to the peculiarities of the manufacture of materials. It happens that the price of glued laminated timber on the market is significantly underestimated, by 1.5-2 times, but then you need to pay attention to the quality of the material (what glue was used, what kind of wood, how dry the material was, etc.).

Summary

Which beam is better for building a house - glued or profiled - everyone decides for himself, there is no universal answer. Briefly summarizing the features of each type:

• profiled timber- favorable price, environmental friendliness, less cracking or damage;
• glued laminated timber- high durability, reduction of time for shrinkage, it is possible to do without external finishing.

The main thing to remember: do not save on materials, because in the future this will affect the quality of the house.

What size and thickness of timber is best for building a house

The answer to the question of what size of timber is best suited for construction depends on the purpose of the building being erected. The thickness of the profiled beam can be different: in the final size, taking into account the profile of 90 mm, 190 mm.

The thinner the beam, the more it is in cubes, for example,

• timber 100 x 150 mm - 11 pieces in a cube;
• timber 150 x 150 mm - 7.5 pcs. cubed;
• timber 200 x 150 - 5.5 pieces per cube, so the final price of the house is less for a thinner timber).

But the thicker the timber, the better the heat will be kept in the room.

For a bath, a bar with a section of 100 mm is enough.

Country seasonal house

A beam with a cross section of 100 mm is quite a suitable option for an economical country house, in which the owners do not plan to live in the winter.

Winter house for permanent residence

• A 150 mm beam is ideal for a seasonal home, where they live in spring / summer / autumn. Such a house can also be suitable for the winter version, it all depends on the quantity and quality of the insulation and on how and with what the house will be heated.
• A beam with a cross section of 200 mm is made only for a specific order for premium class houses. It keeps heat better, but many will consider its cost unreasonably high. This thickness allows you to easily withstand temperatures up to -25 ºС.

So for building a house for permanent residence, choose a timber with a thickness of 150-200 mm. 150 mm is a more economical winter house and is suitable for the middle lane, 200 mm is more expensive and suitable for northern regions.

The DomBanya company builds houses from profiled timber up to 200 mm thick. Contact the company's specialists, and they will advise what thickness of timber is best for building a house or a bath.