Title door frame elements. Glossary of Key Professional Terms in the Door Industry

door block is a door frame with a canvas hung on it. Installed in the opening of stone walls or partitions, such a block protect from decay, in addition, it is fixed, like window blocks, to wooden liners embedded in the slopes of the opening. The threshold of most exterior doors, including balcony doors, is somewhat raised. Door block in the opening of the partition installed in the same plane (flush) with one of the surfaces of the fence. Then it is attached to the bars framing the opening, or to wooden liners. The gaps between the box and the partition are closed, and the joint is closed with a casing.

Elements of filling the doorway include: U-shaped door frame with quarters to the strapping office; door leaf hung on the box.

Separate parts and details of doors bear the following names:

- the opening part of the door is called the door leaf;

- a frame installed in a doorway, on which door leafs are hung, is called a door frame;

- to decorate the opening and cover the gap between the box and the partition or wall, platbands are installed around the perimeter of the box;

- the transition from platbands to skirting boards and the floor can be made out with bedside tables;

- to improve the thermal insulation, sound insulation and fire resistance of the door, they arrange a door threshold, which is a special bar in the floor, at the bottom of the doorway;

- to protect the lower part of the door leaf from contamination and damage, a plinth can be used (mainly at external doors);

- door flashings are called bars with a shaped profile, designed to cover the vestibule of double-leaf doors;

- door slabs are called bars with a shaped profile designed to divide the glazed part of the door and strengthen the glass;

- the strapping of the door leaf, with a frame (paneled) solution of the door, are called the main bars, the mullions are the bars that divide the door leaf into parts and serve as a connection between the strappings;

- panels are called separate shields that fill the space between the strappings and mullions;

- door leafs are attached to the box (hung) on ​​hinges;

- door appliances are attached to the canvases: locks, handles, latches (latches), safety chains, etc .;

- to increase the sound and heat-shielding properties of doors, special seals are used.

1 - door leaf; 2 - door frame;

3 - platbands; 4 - door slabs;

5 - strapping; 6 - mullion;

7 - panel;

8 - door devices; 9 - sealant;

Figure 8.2 - Components of doors

For the convenience of evacuation, most doors in civil buildings open outward, with the exception of internal and entrance doors to apartments.

Door panels:

-panel, which is a blockboard, lined on the outside with wood-fiber boards, plastic or veneer from valuable wood species. Such door leafs are economical in terms of wood consumption, decorative and widely used in modern construction;

- strapping, made in the form of a wooden frame with glazed filling. Cloths of this design are intended for internal doors;

- lattice, glazed at the top with longitudinal stripes and protected by vertical bars. Such canvases are used for the entrance doors of residential buildings;

- paneled, consisting of a contour strapping, reinforced with a mullion, and panels (filling) made of plywood and plank boards. Such a design of canvases is laborious to manufacture, requires high-quality wood, and therefore in modern construction it is used only for the front doors of public buildings;

-carpentry, made in the form of a board shield on slats or dowels. Doors of this design are arranged in the basement;

- tempered glass with a polished or patterned surface. Such canvases with a thickness of 10-15 mm are intended for the entrance doors of public buildings.

- an important element of the interior, performing both an aesthetic function and an option for zoning space. Much depends on the choice of product: the general appearance of the room, the comfort of the conditions, the style of the room and the level of sound insulation in the room. Therefore, the choice must be approached responsibly and take into account the design of the model. Those who are not professionally versed in carpentry, as a rule, believe that the door is a monolithic product. However, modern options include several important components in the package that increase the reliability, durability and aesthetics of the interior door.

Structural elements

In order for this element of the interior to look neat, occupy a minimum of space and at the same time effectively perform its functions, the design includes 5 components.

Door leaf

The canvas is the main element that closes the doorway. It can be made from various materials. However, the most popular among modern options are, for example. Natural materials are more durable, reliable, resistant to impacts and have an original appearance.

In addition to the material, the door leaf may differ in other parameters:

• it can be solid or with all kinds of additional inserts, such as glass or wooden elements;
• design method - for decorating the product, carving, veneer trim from various species, as well as elements made of metal or plastic, are used. External execution can have a variety of designs;
• thickness and overall dimensions.

The door leaf may consist of a frame made of solid wood or of standing elements, ligaments and a paneled part. The hinges and the lock cut into the vertical side parts, which are the uprights. Ligaments are transverse, that is, horizontal elements of the web. The paneled part is located inside the frame itself. It can be made of MDF, solid wood or even glass. In this case, there can be several paneled parts: two or more.

Box

After installing the hinges, the door leaf is attached to the box, which consists of two posts and a crossbar. The box is mounted in an opening in the wall. In the lower part, in most cases, an additional crossbar is installed, forming a threshold. In order for the fastening of the door structure in the opening to be reliable, the box must be resistant to changes in temperature, humidity and massiveness. Racks and crossbars, if possible, should be equipped with seals, as, for example, in plastic windows. This will reduce the noise when opening the door, and prevent the spread of odors throughout the premises.

platbands

Platbands are wooden planks covering the junction of the wall and the box. This element is of two types based on the shape:

• rectangular;
• curly or semicircular.

To fasten the platbands to the box, special nails are used that do not have hats. Basically, platbands are made from MDF or plastic.

Dobory

In the event that the walls are wide, then after installing the box, between this element and the casing, there remains an open area in the alignment of the opening in the wall. Structural details that are used to close this space are called extensions. In appearance, they resemble platbands, only wider and have a rectangular shape.

accessories

In addition to massive structural parts, the interior door also consists of small parts, which are called fittings. It includes handles, loops, chains, locks and all the remaining elements. Most often, fittings are made of brass, as it is a very durable and aesthetic material. At the same time, it always corresponds to the overall design of the product.

Modern interior doors perform many functions, the main of which is the division of the space of different rooms into separate living areas, for each of which you can create an independent atmosphere, isolate the different purposes of the rooms and create completely different interior designs. Also, interior doors allow a person to retire in their own world and space. So, in one room, the child can study in complete silence, and in the other room there will be a cheerful and noisy feast of his parents and family friends. If we talk about the aesthetic side, then interior doors can decorate and emphasize the interior of a room, highlight some of its elements or visually enlarge the space.

One of the most popular interior doors are wood doors. Moreover, wooden interior doors can be either made of solid wood or made of a frame and MDF or chipboard. Next, we will consider the main structural elements of the interior door.

Fake box
A false box is a predominantly wooden product that is installed at the construction stage and greatly facilitates the future installation of an interior door. This product is a box in which the door frame is installed. Modern builders usually do not use false boxes - they use mounting foam instead. Mounting foam fixes the doors in the opening, and the fixing process itself is very simple, inexpensive and fast. However, the mounting foam is short-lived and over time the door loosens. If you install a false box in the opening, this situation is not observed - the doors will be rigidly fixed for a long time.

Door leaf
The door leaf is the movable part of the door that opens and closes the doorway. Door leaves are divided into deaf, paneled and glazed. Glazed door leafs are equipped with through openings in which transparent, frosted, colored or embossed glass is installed. Deaf doors are distinguished by the absence of panels and glazing.

Paneled doors are distinguished by the presence of flat or convex panels. Panels can be made of solid wood, MDF or chipboard. It should be understood that solid wood panels are used the least often, since when they are installed in rooms with a high level of humidity, they can change their shape and deform the door leaf or, on the contrary, decrease, which will cause unpainted areas on the panels. That is why doors with similar elements require the support of certain climate regimes, however, if the panels are made of MDF or chipboard, they are not so sensitive to humidity levels and temperature.

It should be understood that the sheets are made of solid wood or a frame of solid wood with a honeycomb core and MDF or chipboard panels. Doors made from a solid piece of wood - solid wood, are heavy, which requires the installation of stronger door hinges, which need to be more carefully looked after. Unlike solid wood doors, the frame door leaf is light, which does not impose special requirements on the quality and strength of door hinges.

door frame
The door frame (box) of an interior door is a fixed element that is made of solid wood or MDF and is a profile to which the door leaf is attached. The door frame is securely installed in the false frame. In the case of foaming, the door frame is installed directly in the doorway and attached to the wall. It must be understood that during assembly, the dimensions of the door frame are adjusted directly to the door leaf, and not to the door connector in the wall.

The box consists of two vertical posts and one or two crossbars. Special slots are made in the vertical and transverse racks, which provide the installation of telescopic trim. If such an element is not provided, slots are not made.

According to the stylistic design, the door frame is made to match the color and texture of the door leaf. However, it is not always made from an identical coating material. For example, you can find doors made of natural veneer with a door frame with artificial coating to match the color and texture of the natural veneer of the door leaf.

Interior door trims
Platbands for an interior door are decorative overhead elements that hide the junction of the door frame with the doorway. The connection of the door frame can be either foamed or with a false frame. The platbands are traditionally made of various materials, among which the most popular are platbands made of solid wood, veneered MDF or plywood. According to the style of execution, platbands are divided into flat, figured and semicircular.

It should be noted that, depending on the installation, there are overhead and telescopic platbands. Overhead architraves are simply superimposed on the door elements and part of the wall and fastened with adhesive solutions or fasteners. Telescopic architraves are distinguished by a special method of fastening, which is provided for at the production stage of the door frame. At the production stage, slots are made in the door frame, into which special guiding elements of the trim are inserted. This solution allows you to install the platbands perfectly evenly relative to the door frame and door leaf.

door extension
Door extension is a mounting decorative element of an interior door, which is used in case of discrepancy between the width of the door frame and the width of the wall. The extension is a wooden panel that is installed between the platband and the door frame, which allows you to gracefully hide the excess wall, which was formed due to the difference in the width of the door frame and the wall.

The use of extensions made it possible to aesthetically solve the problem of finishing the section of the wall that is not covered by the box. Previously, this part was covered with wallpaper, applied putty or painted. With the advent of door extensions, this problem was solved by itself. There is no need to invent something, and most importantly, there is no need to bring out and level the corners of the doorway - they are completely formed by trim and trim.

The door is an ordinary and familiar element of equipping any room. Opening and closing it, no one thinks about what parts it consists of. Meanwhile, in the official construction terminology, the name "door" simply does not exist. It sounds like this: "door block". Or even more seriously - "design for filling doorways." So, the door is a rather complex system, consisting of many parts.

Does an ordinary consumer who chooses a door for his apartment or house need to know about its design subtleties? At least highly desirable. Such information will help to avoid some disappointments in the purchase process. Flipping through the price lists of manufacturers, a potential buyer carefully examines the prices. He tries to choose a door that fits into the budget of his renovation. But when it comes to buying, it turns out that the chosen model costs 20-30 percent more than the price stated in the price list. And there is no cheating on the part of manufacturers. Just in the price list, as a rule, only the price of the door leaf is indicated, excluding other components. What additional elements does the buyer need to purchase in order for the door leaf to turn into a “door unit”?

The standard door structure consists of the following main parts:

• door leaf (single-leaf or double-leaf);
• boxes;
• platbands;
• door fittings.

Depending on the design and functional features of the door block, additional elements can be added to the main set:

• additional plank;
• threshold;
• feigned plank;
• closers;
• opening controls.

Door leaf

The door cloth is the main functional and decorative element of a door. It isolates the room from noise, adverse atmospheric influences, extraneous encroachments. At the same time, the door leaf is part of the interior and exterior decoration of the building, so its design must comply with the architectural or design concept. According to the manufacturing technology, two main types of door panels can be distinguished - panel and panel.

Shield. A panel board is a frame made of wooden beams with one or two crossbars. The frame is sheathed on both sides with wood or board materials (fiberboard, chipboard). Using this technology, canvases of inexpensive office doors, as well as wooden entrance doors, are made. The internal space that is formed between the two sheathing sheets is filled with insulation. For this, materials such as tubular chipboard, fiberboard insulation boards or mineral wool boards are used.

Paneled. Most interior doors are made using panel technology. Such a canvas consists of a strapping (frame) and mullions (bars that are inserted inside the frame and divide it into several parts). The openings between the frame and the mullions are filled with paneled panels. Panels are made of wood or MDF. If the panels are replaced with glass inserts, a glazed sheet is obtained. Large glass surfaces can be decorated with overhead metal or wooden bindings.

door frame

Box - the bearing frame element of a door design which is rigidly fixed in an aperture. It is on it with the help of hinges that the door leaf is hung. Boxes of interroom doors are made of a wooden bar or MDF. Steel or aluminum alloys are used for the production of front door frames. In some door frames, a quarter is selected, which forms a vestibule of the door leaf. Many domestic manufacturers supply wooden boxes in the form of "semi-finished products", that is, a set of bars that, when installing the door, will have to be cut "on a mustache" (at 45 degrees) or "on a straight spike" (at a right angle) when installing the door. Modern MDF boxes are delivered, as a rule, "assembly" - with selected grooves for connecting elements. Such boxes may also have a slot for mounting a telescopic casing. It is desirable that the width of the door frame matches the thickness of the wall or partition into which the door is installed. In this case, the appearance of the door structure will be more aesthetic, and the places where the box adjoins the wall will be covered with a regular platband. On sale you can find boxes of several sizes that correspond to the standard thickness of walls and partitions (60, 80, 120 and 140 mm). These figures may vary depending on the manufacturer's internal standards.

platbands

Platbands are molded products that are made of wood or MDF and serve to decorate a doorway. Their main function is to hide the junction of the door frame to the wall. Even with the most ideal installation performance, a gap can form in this place over time. It is she who closes the platband. Most standard products of this type have a smooth surface and a rounded outer edge. But spectacular decorative platbands are also made, which give the door block an unusual, elegant look. Their vertical posts are decorated with milled flutes (notches that imitate the corrugation of antique columns), carvings, and overhead decorative elements made of wood. In this embodiment, the upper lintel is usually made in the form of a cornice - profiled or decorated with carvings. Of course, such platbands are made only by individual order.

Door furniture

Loops. The main operational load in swing door blocks falls on the hinges. One of the common varieties is butterfly loops (card loops). This type of product got its name because of its appearance. Such a hinge is a central cylinder with “wings” attached by means of movable joints - wide plates, with which it is attached to the frame and door leaf. Card loops can be detachable and one-piece (universal). The first option is easier to install and more convenient for the operational maintenance of the door (for example, if the door leaf needs to be removed for restoration). But they have one feature - they can be "right" and "left". Therefore, when purchasing such products, it is necessary to clearly imagine the side of opening the door leaf. The hinges of the second variety can open to any side, they are stronger than detachable ones, do not need lubrication and work silently. However, “butterfly” hinges cannot always be installed in a rebate door due to the width of the mounting plates. In this case, screw-in hinges can be used (as on window structures). The cylinder of such a product is visible on one side of the door leaf. But this will not spoil the appearance of the door. Modern manufacturers produce screw-in hinges with aesthetic decorative coatings - chrome-plated or gold-plated. Also on the market there is a variety of products that provides opening the door on both sides - "swinging" hinges. Such modern models are equipped with spring mechanisms that return the sash to the closed position.

Locking mechanisms. Some interior doors must be equipped with a locking mechanism, for example, doors to the bathroom or toilet. As a rule, simple retractable mechanisms or latches with a latch are installed in such doors. In many cases, ordinary interior doors are also equipped with a latch lock (without a latch) so that they do not open during air movements (draft) or from accidental shocks. Latches can be supplied in a separate housing or included in the lock mechanism. Locking systems for entrance doors are very diverse - from fairly simple crossbar and English locks to complex systems with interchangeable coding that combine several locking mechanisms.

Door handles. It is an integral part of the door block. Thousands of varieties of door handles are on sale, the cost of which can vary dozens of times. The quality and price of a product depend, first of all, on the material from which it is made. Cheap pens are made from low-quality plastic, inexpensive metal alloys, or powdered metal (by pressing in a mold). Such products do not withstand intensive use and may fail in the first years (or even months) after installation. Quality door handles are made from stainless steel or brass. Sometimes manufacturers also use special grades of composite plastics or hardwoods. In order for the metal handle not to lose its appearance during long-term operation, it is coated with special protective compounds. These can be metallized coatings, protective varnishes, ceramic-based composite compositions, etc.

Additional elements

Each additional element that can be installed on the door unit deserves a separate article. So, additional slats make it possible to increase the width of the door frame, and thresholds - to solve the problem of level difference between rooms. Automatic door opening mechanisms are one of the promising directions in the development of the door industry. Doors with automatic opening are in demand not only in public buildings, they have become one of the elements of the "smart home" system.

Studying the material of the topic will allow the student to:

ü get acquainted with the design solutions of door blocks;

ü get acquainted with the accepted marking of blocks, according to GOST;

ü navigate in the installation of door blocks.

Doors - these are movable structural elements that serve to communicate between the premises and with the outside world of the building.

Filling the doorway consists of the following elements:

- door block;

- door sill, which can be if the doors are entrance (external).

- clypeus.

Doors, depending on the purpose of the building, classified on the following grounds:

1) by location in the building external (entrance to the building, apartment), internal, closet, office;

2) by material- wooden, plastic, metal, combined, glass (from special safety glass);

3) by the nature of the enclosing properties- deaf, semi-glazed, glazed;

4) according to the number of door panels - single-floor, double-floor, half-floor (cloths of different sizes in width);

5) by way of opening- hinged, sliding, with swinging canvases, rotating, folding (Figure 42);

a - one and a half floor with swinging canvases; b - two-field with swinging canvases;

in - sliding; d - folded; d - rotating

Figure 42 - Types of doors

6) according to the design of the door leaf - smooth, paneled, trellised.

door block consists of a door frame with quarters and hinged door leafs (Figure 43).

The door frame is a closed (if there is a threshold) or U-shaped frame (without a threshold). The threshold is arranged in external, balcony doors or for rooms in public buildings.

The door block is installed in the opening in the same plane (flush) with one of the surfaces of the wall or partition, the blocks are fastened in height at three or four points with joiner's nails to embedded wooden antiseptic plugs in brick, panel walls, in block walls they are drilled on dowels.

The gaps between the door block and the wall are filled with mounting foam and covered with a casing (Figure 44).

Door leaf design maybe (Figure 45):

a) shield in the form of a solid slab or a shield with voids, lined with fibreboard, fine wood veneer or coated with waterproof paints. Cloths of this design are economical, have a beautiful appearance and are widely used in modern construction;

b) paneled, consisting of a contour piping reinforced with mullions and a filling of decorative glass or wood. Doors are distinguished by high architectural expressiveness and are in great demand;

in) strapping in the form of a frame with glazed filling;

G) lattice, in which the glazed part of the canvas is fenced with vertical bars. For such doors, colored glass or a combination of both can be used, which increases architectural expressiveness.

Figure 45 - Designs of interior door panels

Door blocks have the following marking, consisting of the abbreviation of the type of door and dimensions - height and width in decimeters:

DG-21-10- the door is deaf, 2100mm high, 1000mm wide;

DGF-21-12– blind paneled door, 2100mm high, 1200mm wide;

DOF-24-12– glazed paneled door, 2400mm high, 1200mm wide.

External standard doors (Figure 46) have a height of 2400mm, internal doors - 2100mm. For bathrooms, utility rooms, doors are accepted with a width of 700, 800mm, for rooms - 900, 1000, 1200mm - single-leaf; 1400,1600mm - double-sided.

Fixing material:

1 Appointment of doors in the building.

2 Name the sign of the door according to the classification:

a) single-field;

b) plastic;

c) sliding;

d) paneled.

3 Decipher the sign of the door:

a) by location (purpose) in the building;

b) by the nature of the enclosing properties;

c) by the number of door panels.

4 Name the elements of the door filling.

5 Specify the purpose of the platbands.

6 Identify a door infill element that is not always applicable.

7 What does the brand of the door block consist of?

8 Name the elements of the door block, door frame.

Checking the degree of assimilation of the material:

1 Specify the elements of filling the doorway in the audience;

2 Describe the auditorium door according to the classification;

3 Make a mark of the door unit in the audience, knowing the height -2100mm and width -1200mm;

4 Explain filling the gap when installing the door block;

5 Explain the difference in the design of doors for ordinary rooms and basements.

6 Explain the purpose of door upholstery when placing them in the attic.