Water well with their own hands. Positive and negative sides

Drilling a well in your area thinks everything more of people.

Everyone can quickly make a well in their dacha, and independently and correctly, both with a pump supply and manually.

But this process is complicated, as it is often performed using special equipment, requires knowledge and observance of some nuances.

There are several reasons for arranging a well in your area:

• Own source of water in the country.
• Independence from utilities.
• Access to water 24/7.
• Pure water without chlorine and heavy metals.
• Drilled independently once and for years.

Let's look at the question of how to drill a well with your own hands in all details: types of drilling, nuances and the drilling process itself for practical implementation in practice.

We are not talking about a well, since this is a different type of well, which does not always justify the investment of time and labor.

There are several ways to quickly and correctly drill with your own hands.

Let's analyze them in detail so that you understand not only the essence of drilling, but also the options for choosing a method in relation to your dacha.

Shock rope

A special drilling tool breaks the rock, previously rising to a height of 2 meters above ground level. The principle of operation resembles the stroke of a piston in an engine: rose-hit-rose.

With such drilling, it is worth constantly pouring water into the well so that the walls do not crumble, and the rock in the well softens and is easily extracted.

At percussion drilling you need a tripod 2 meters high, it stands directly above the drilling site. At the top of the tripod there is a block with which the cable with the drill is pulled up and down.

In a day, you can easily drill up to 20 meters of depth. You can do without a tripod yourself, but you will be physically exhausted. Do not listen to such advice from "homegrown" drillers.

Watch the video: the tripod is very easy to assemble, and its role is invaluable.

Shock-rotational

The method is somewhat similar to the one described above.

The difference lies in the nature of the movement of the drill in the well - it does not just strike, but also rotates.

Soil removal is carried out using a special bucket.

If the soil in the country is dense, then it is better to use this type of drilling.

Auger

The most common method that uses an auger is a metal rod with a screw thread along its entire length.

The auger has an advantage: it destroys the soil in the well and then brings it to the surface.

Auger drilling is performed in one of 2 ways:

• 1st - the blades are welded to the auger at an angle of 90 degrees. The disadvantage is that the soil will still crumble from the drill and will have to be removed separately;
• 2nd - the blades are welded at an angle of up to 70 degrees. During the extraction of the drill, soil will not get inside the well, so this method is more profitable. You just need to have the necessary auger.

Please note that in order to drill a well quickly, correctly and without breakdowns, water must be supplied directly to the well itself, as it reduces the temperature of the drill itself and softens the soil in the well.

As a result, you can always pump it out yourself with a pump.

Kolinsky

This method is performed using a coring chisel, which is like an upside down empty glass with metal teeth.

When rotating and passing through the earth, the bit forms a well of the required diameter. All the collected cuttings are accumulated in the bit, then along with it and the sand is brought to the surface.

It is enough to hit the bit correctly with a mallet a couple of times, as it will immediately empty the entire “reserve” of soil from the bottom of the well. If the soil does not go - pick it with a rod. Only a clean drill can be loaded.

When drilling, water is poured into the bit through the pipe, which softens the soil. The column approach is suitable for any soil.

We summarize: of all types of drilling, auger is less effective, although it is easy to carry out on your own.

The auger is suitable for more soft breed, for solid - only shock-rope method or shock-rotational.

Types of wells

There are several types of wells for water. Each has its own terms of use.

Well on the sand

With a depth of 15 to 30 meters, such a well is drilled using a screw method.

The well in this embodiment is a pipe with a diameter of 10 to 12 cm, at the end of which there is a filter in the form of a perforated pipe wrapped with a mesh.

When drilling a well, you need to find a layer of so-called water-bearing sand and put a filter. Otherwise, such a layer is called a water lens.

The thicker the lens, the greater the flow rate of the well - you will get more water per unit of time. The service life of the well reaches up to 20 years, in winter the well can be mothballed.

Rarely, the well is silted - in this case, it is enough to clean it either with a powerful compressor or with an injector. The last option is preferable.

Advantages of a sand well:

• low cost of drilling;
• drilling takes only 1-2 days, even by hand;
• can be drilled into hard-to-reach places, in the country, small-sized installations;
• water is not cloudy - not needed a complex system cleaning;
• licensing and registration of the well is not required.

There are only two drawbacks: low durability in comparison with artesian, instability of the water level and well debit. The water runs out quickly, it takes a long time to fill up.

At the same time, it is rarely cloudy, but it is supplemented with sand - therefore a filter is needed. At the cottage cloudy water suitable only for irrigation.

Artesian well

When drilling, the filter is not used.

Water accumulates in limestone layers, but it is not cloudy: porous limestone contains water, actively filters it, and its debit is up to 10 cubic meters per hour, which is a lot.

The service life of such a well can be tens of years!

Another advantage of such a well is that there will be no ammonia, microbes, suspensions in the water, it will not be covered with sand, therefore even a simple pump of the “Kid” type will cope with the task.

Advantages artesian well:

• a certain depth (the geological map of the region is well studied);
• huge water loss, the water is extremely rarely cloudy;
• durability - 30-40 years;
• constant water level;
• in the country you can put a powerful pump.

True, there are a number of disadvantages: drilling takes up to 7 days (but not done manually!), It is necessary to clean the water in the well from a high concentration of minerals, sometimes permits are required for drilling.

There is also a well familiar to everyone and its Abyssinian variation. We do not consider them, because technically they are not drilled, but dug out, and the water enters them from the ground in a different way.

In the well there is always a risk of contamination from outside.

Do-it-yourself well drilling

The drilling process consists of 3 stages. After the description follows detailed video process.

Stage 1 - preparatory work:

• We find out in the land committee or from neighbors the depth of the reservoir with water;
• Get ready for machine drilling - it is impractical to work manually in a well at a depth of 20 meters or more;
• All sources of sewage should be located as far as possible from the place where you will make a well;
• The diameter of the well is always slightly larger than the diameter of the casing pipe - 10-12 cm. Prepare the pipes in advance;
• We dig a guide recess in the selected area: a hole with a diameter and a depth of 1.5 m. We strengthen its walls with slate, or metal sheets so it doesn't get covered in sand.

Stage 2 - assemble a tripod for drilling:

• We take 3 metal pipes or very strong timber, the length of the part should be 4-5 meters;
• We put the structure on the ground so that two legs are turned in one direction, and the third in the opposite direction;
• In each leg you need to make a hole for fasteners;
• We fasten the legs in the form of a trihedral pyramid;
• At the top of the tripod we put a block along which the cable will slide freely;
• We put a mechanical winch, which we will carry the drill manually (you can use an electric one);
• We fix the cable, and we fix the drill on top.

The tripod is ready.

Stage 3 - drilling:

• We take a tripod with a winch, a driving glass, a rope (cable) and a shock rod;
• We put a tripod, on top of it - a winch with a projectile over a dug hole, right above the drilling point;
• We raise the glass with a winch above the drilling point, lower it with force. A tool that has crashed into the ground captures the ground with a glass. When lifting, the sludge remains inside the glass. We take it out - this should be done after each rise;
• We continue to hammer the drill into the ground with a shock rod. When it is full, take it out and shake out the soil;
• When passing a certain step, say 1 meter, we immediately insert a casing pipe, which is slightly larger in diameter than the diameter of the drill itself. It prevents the collapse of the well;
• As soon as the auger descends to the entire length of the projectile, we attach an additional rod to it;
• When drilling, we constantly check the evenness of the laying of the entire column: if you hear the sounds of the drill hitting the walls of the pipe, the trunk must be straightened immediately. How to do it: Drive wooden wedges between casing and wall;
• Once the projectile has passed the aquifer, we do not bury the pipe further. After the water arrives, we wait 1 hour, then we pump it out with a garden pump and check for cleanliness. Repeat this until the water becomes clear;
• They pumped out water in an impromptu well for the last time - leave the well until tomorrow;
• The next day, we measure the flow rate of the well: we multiply the depth of the well in meters by the pump capacity (cubic meters per hour) and divide the product result by the difference between the dynamic and static water levels. The static level is the distance to the surface of the water (we lower the load on the rope into the water and measure along the length of the dry part of the cable), the dynamic level is the distance from the surface of the earth to the water, but after pumping it out. If the difference between the two levels is small, then the flow rate of the well is very large. This means that more water enters per unit of time than the pump is able to pump out in the same unit of time. On the pump housing, its power is always indicated - cubic meters per hour;
• If the debit is several cubic meters, then lay the bottom of the well: we fill up a layer of gravel or crushed stone, 20-30 cm wide;
• We fill the entire space between the wall and the casing pipe with gravel, sand;
• We immerse the pump into the well (any, even the budget "Kid" will do just fine) according to the manufacturer's instructions and mount it on the surface, supply power;
• We connect the hose, disassemble the tripod and winch.

Important point! This moment is not indicated in the video, but it is significant: it is better to take the first extracted, already clean water to the laboratory so that a series of tests can be performed on it - it may turn out to be completely unsuitable for drinking and contain traces of heavy metals, pathogenic organisms and an increased amount of minerals.

Conclusion

Now you know how to drill a well with your own hands in your country house.

Pay attention to the process itself: in the video, all work takes place at home using equipment that can be borrowed from neighbors or rented for a couple of days.

After drilling, using a pump, you can organize the supply of water to any point of the site, even to the house.

Put a simple submersible "Kid" in the well and he will easily cope with the supply of water in the right amount.

No country house can exist without a normal water supply. Carry water with you when visiting the dacha in weekend days? This option is not even considered, since it is unlikely to be enough even for household needs. Constantly annoying neighbors with requests to replenish their water supply? This is possible only for the time being, for the time being - there is a limit to every human patience ... A source of water will be all the more necessary if in country house planned for a long or even permanent residence, and on the adjacent plot there is a desire to plant some flowers or crops. Outputs - connect to the system centralized water supply(in most cases, this is simply impossible, or it is too expensive), or to equip a source of autonomous water supply on its territory.

Video: surface well construction

All these issues will certainly be considered in a separate publication of our construction portal.

Providing the site with water is the first task of its owner. The grander the plans for the improvement of your territory, the more acute the lack of water supply will be felt. Water is needed to perform construction works, for the garden you are about to plant, and for your own daily needs.

If a do-it-yourself well is made for water, the dream of water supply will not only come true, but will also allow significant savings. We will tell you which way is better to drill and what projectile is needed independent craftsmen. Taking into account our advice, you can equip your own water source on the site without any problems.

There are several real ways get life-giving moisture, which we will tell you about. There are several technologies that can be used to independently extract water in a suburban area.

To choose suitable option you will have to do it yourself, as it depends on the landscape of the area, as well as on the technical equipment, finances and skills that you possess. Let's consider the main borehole structures.

It is difficult to give preference to any one design: each has its own advantages and disadvantages, so the choice depends on the landscape of the area and on the capabilities of the site owner

Abyssinian tubular well

If there is a spring on your site, then arranging a well is a great option for extracting water. The shaft of this structure will play the role of a fluid storage tank. If the source is active enough, up to 2 cubic meters of water will always be at your disposal.

The Abyssinian well is, in fact, the same well, but narrow and long. Due to the fact that its length can be approximately 8-12 meters, pollution from the soil surface does not get into the water that fills it.

Abyssinian well often called a needle well, because the pipe driven into the ground during the creation of this structure really resembles a needle

The following video will introduce the technology of punching and arranging a well-needle, otherwise called the Abyssinian well:

Sand well (filter)

The deepening of this structure by 15-30 meters is carried out in any way: auger, shock-rope, core. The walls of the well are formed using a pipe with an average diameter of 100 - 180 mm.

The deep end of the wellbore is equipped with a filter. The grid is used as a filter. of stainless steel, which is welded or soldered to the first link of the pipe string before it is immersed in coarse sand mixed with pebbles.

So schematically it is possible to represent the design of the well “on the sand”, where the number 1 will be the casing, number 2 - statistical level water, and number 3 is a strainer

This design is able to meet the water demand of a small country house with two water outlets. If the operation of the structure is seasonal, it will last about five years. With constant use, you can count on 15 years of water supply.

When the well is still silted up, it will be possible to try to flush it. If resuscitation measures do not give the desired effect, a new shaft will have to be drilled. Place it next to the previous one.

Artesian well without filter

This building does not need a filter. Such a well can reach a depth of 100 meters or more. The water produced by such a facility is contained in limestone cracks. The liquid accumulated in them due to condensation can be not only crystal clear, but also mineralized.

A little mineralization is acceptable for everyday use. If the extracted water in its composition is among the mineral waters, then it cannot be used for domestic purposes.

Scheme of an artesian well: 1 - conductor, 2 - statistical water level, 3 - intermediate column, 4 - production string with perforation

It is difficult to determine in advance the depth of the well that will have to be drilled in search of water. You can only approximately orient yourself by talking with your neighbors in the area and finding out from them what parameters similar structures have in their territories.

The ground layers lie unevenly, so the information obtained still cannot be considered accurate for your site. For this reason, casing pipes are purchased taking into account the correction of the data obtained.

How is a typical well arranged?

If you do not focus on the nuances, the essence of arranging a water well for a country house is the same: it is a long narrow vertical shaft that reaches the depth of water. The walls of the working are reinforced with casing pipes. Wells differ from each other in width, depth and additional devices that increase their productivity and reliability.

In addition to the casing pipe, wells are equipped with equipment for the forced lifting of fluid and its distribution. To choose the right pumping equipment and storage capacity, you need to know the characteristics of the well, the most important of which is its depth and flow rate.

The flow rate of a well is an indicator of its productivity: the maximum volume of fluid obtained per unit of time. It is calculated in cubic meters or liters per hour or day.

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Casing Functions

Casing pipes are the main element of the well. Casing is carried out using separate segments, soldered, welded or screwed together. Special attention they should be given equal diameter: the whole structure should create a straight, even column.

If the casing pipes have an external thread, the links are connected by couplings, due to which the penetration diameter increases.

Casing pipes are needed to:

• while drilling the well, there was no shedding of the mine;
• the barrel is not clogged during its operation;
• the upper aquifers did not penetrate the structure.

Casing pipes made of steel alloys and polymers (PVC, PVC-U, HDPE) are widely used. Cast iron and obsolete asbestos-cement products are used less frequently. The space between the pipe and the ground around the mouth is poured with concrete if the working was drilled in loose soils or the aquifer lies at a considerable depth.

Only after this work is completed, all other equipment is installed. Sometimes during the operation of the well, a slight "squeezing" of the pipe to the surface may occur. This natural process without requiring any additional action.

Threaded metal and plastic casing pipes are considered the most popular. The photo shows the installation of a blue plastic casing

Inner tube with filter

It is lowered into the wellbore, made according to the double casing scheme. Through its perforated first link, filtered water will flow into the backing, and then be pumped to the surface.

After the pipe is installed at the desired depth, it is desirable to fix its mouth. For this purpose, a clamp is used to prevent spontaneous subsidence of the pipe.

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Borehole device

The upper part of the casing pipe is equipped with . Basic design of this device is the same for heads of any kind. It consists of a flange, a cover and a rubber ring.

Different types of heads differ from each other in the type of material from which they are made, and additional options.

Heads are made of cast iron and plastic. This is a sealed device. It is used to fasten the pump cable and the outlet of the water pipe.

Due low pressure, created with the help of a tip in the pipes, the inflow of water and, as a result, the flow rate of the well increases.

Caisson, adapter, packer

To high humidity did not affect the operation of the instruments associated with the well, a special reservoir is provided for them -. It is made either from metal or plastic.

Metal caissons, unlike plastic ones, can be repaired, they are better adapted to the climate with significant temperature differences. In addition, a metal product can be independently assembled from parts that are sold separately. But plastic models cheaper and they don't rust.

Method #3 - rotary drilling (for rock)

If the development is to be arranged in rocky soils, then a rotary drilling method is used to create it. It is based on the use of a special drill pipe, which resembles a thin glass turned upside down with a cone bit crushing soils along the lower edge.

Communications used in drilling pass through the cavity of the pipe. The hydraulic installation creates a load on the bit, making its way through the rock. The load is supplemented by the mass of the pipe string.

At rotary drilling wells break rock with such a chisel that can overcome even solid obstacles in its path

The soil is washed out of the well using a drilling fluid that is fed into the pipe using one of two possible methods:

• Direct flush. The solution is pumped into the pipe using a pump, after which it flows out through the annulus along with the rock.
• Backwash. The solution enters the pipe by gravity, and from the annulus it is pumped out together with the rock.

It is believed that backwashing is more effective than direct flushing: with its help, a greater well flow rate is achieved due to the highest quality opening of the aquifer. But to implement this flushing method, it is necessary to use expensive equipment, which affects the increase in the cost of work. Direct flushing is cheaper than reverse flushing.

Method #4 - percussion drilling

If you want to get a well that will last you up to 50 years, and you have enough time, effort and nerves to implement your plans, then choose the percussion drilling method. It will take a long time to work. You will slowly but surely make your way to your cherished goal.

This shock-rope structure consists of a frame, a bailer and an impact chuck, which is made of a thick-walled pipe and is responsible for the drilling process itself.

The process is based on the use of a specific . This is a piece of thick-walled pipe from 1 to 2 m long with a ball valve or petal valve at the bottom. A “window” is cut out in the upper part of the pipe to extract the soil, the top is equipped with an eye for the torso.

Tied to a cable thrown over a block, the bailer is freely thrown to the face. Falling down, it loosens the soil and captures it with a valve. The process is repeated several times before removing the bailer from the barrel. The bailer removed from the well is freed from the soil: it is turned over and shaken out through the hole.

This method of punching a mine is considered very labor-intensive, but effective. In addition, sands saturated with water and loose sedimentary rocks can only be extracted from the well percussion method. When gelling, drilling fluid is not used, so it cannot be confused with groundwater that has appeared in the well.

Due to the high labor intensity, this method is superior in price to the rotary one. In addition, if the goal is to go beyond the first aquifer, you will have to incur the cost of isolating the mine from water carriers that are located above.

For this, additional casing pipes are used. In addition to increasing the consumption of materials, the volume of work performed by specialists is also growing. Therefore, such a construction will cost a lot.

You can get more information on how to drill by reading our article.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

The video will visually present the process of drilling a well manually with the installation of a casing and a filter in the casing pipe:

Each type of water well has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Now that you have got an idea about the type of wells, their device and construction methods, it will be easier for you to make a choice in favor of a particular design, based on the characteristics of your site and your own financial capabilities.

If you have ever drilled a well with my own hands, tell us about how difficult or easy the process was to perform. Please write your comments in the box below. Ask questions, share your impressions, post pictures on the topic of the article.

On the garden plot or in a private house it is impossible to do without water. Can be held central water supply if you live in a city, but then when watering the garden, the harvest will be very expensive, as the water fee increases every year. If a person lives in a village or we are talking about a summer cottage, then any water supply seems like an impossible dream. There is only one way out - to break through your well for water supply.

Currently, many have appreciated the benefits of having a water well for personal use. Dozens of companies are ready to provide paid services to use modern technology provide water supply. However, this pleasure is not available to everyone. Therefore, having adopted improvised means, people are trying to break through the well with their own hands.

First you need to determine the location for the future well. The aquifer is usually located at a depth of about 10-20 meters. If there is a river or lake nearby, then the layer ground water will be close to the surface. To determine the place where it is most profitable to drill a well, a map of the location of groundwater, which is available in each executive committee of the settlement, will help. The types of soil characteristic of this area are also indicated here.

Do-it-yourself well for irrigation

If water is needed only for irrigation, such a well can be made by yourself using a simple drill, provided that the first layer of groundwater lies close (no more than 3 m) from the surface. The length of the drill should be increased using pipes of small diameter, or reinforcement bars. When passing through denser layers of soil, additional weights can be hung on the drill handles to reduce the burden on a person. It should be borne in mind that such water is not suitable for drinking, because natural purification does not occur at such a depth.

With the help of an ax welded to a metal rod, it is necessary to chop off the roots of trees that come across in the path of the drill.

At a depth of about two meters, wet sand will begin to come across. It is necessary to remove the drill with stuck soil approximately every 10-15 cm, otherwise the device may break under the weight of the earth.

When sand of a bluish-gray color appears, then the aquifer is very close. When water appears, the use of a drill loses its meaning, since the liquid soil does not rest on the blades. You need to put in a tubing. The well is ready for irrigation. To raise the water, you can use a hand column or an electric pump.

If groundwater deposits are at a depth of about 10 meters, there is another effective and uncomplicated method to punch a well.

First you need to dig a hole about 1.5 meters deep to remove loose and loose upper layer soil, about square meter. Cover the hole with boards for the convenience of further work.

On one side, cut the steel pipe with teeth according to the principle of a hacksaw, straightening the teeth in different directions. On the other hand, make a thread for connecting to other pipe sections using a coupling. Using a clamp, attach handles to the pipe so that you can hold it in vertical position, at a height that will be comfortable for the person who will hold it. On the remaining pipes, make a thread on both sides. The length should be about 3 meters.

Prepare a 200-liter or more barrel of water, a water pump of the "Kid" type, a hose of such length that it is possible to lower it from the barrel into the middle of the pipe almost to the ground.

The diameter of the pipe must be at least 120 mm, in the future it will be used as a casing.

It is inconvenient to do such work alone, so it is better to find an assistant.

Turning the pipe slightly from one side to the other, deepen it as far as possible. Then turn on the pump. Water under pressure will erode the soil at the base of the pipe, and under its own weight and thanks to the efforts of the person who rotates it back and forth, it will sink deeper and deeper.

To fill the barrel, you can use the water that will pour out of the pipe, after filtering it through a sieve, or prepare another one. By connecting pipes in series, you can quickly get to the aquifer. Having removed the already unnecessary boards, the hole must be dug up, strengthening the pipe in the middle. Attach a lid on top so that debris does not get into the well. Pump water with deep pump or pumping station.

This is not the only way to make a well with your own hands, but it is quite simple and does not require expensive equipment or complex types work - welding, cutting, sharpening and so on.

This method of extracting water is the most common. A drilling rig is constructed from logs of medium thickness, the top of which should be located directly above the future mouth of the well.

A hole is dug 1.5 x 1.5 meters in size with a depth of about 2 meters. It is advisable to sheathe the walls with boards so that the earth does not crumble.

The casing pipe must be steel without side seams, with a wall thickness of at least 5 mm. In its lower part, a cone with a diameter of 4-5 cm larger than the diameter of the pipe is welded around the circumference.

In the upper part, a thread is rolled on the pipe so that it can later be connected to other pieces of pipes by means of a coupling.

The pipe is installed vertically with a plumb line into the pit, it is not fixed tightly, but so that it does not sway. A bailer is lowered into it, tied with a strong hemp rope with a thickness of at least 20 mm or a steel cable with a diameter of at least 10 mm, and the actual punching of the well begins.

Raising the bailer to a height of up to one meter, lower it down into free fall. The soil, stuffed into the middle, must be shaken out periodically, lifting the device up with a winch.

The greater the weight of the bailer, the faster you can get to the aquifer. It usually weighs around 50 kg. Its length should be no more than 2 meters.

It is necessary to fill the bailer with soil by about 2/3 of the length, since if the load is excessive, the contents can clog the pipe space and this will make further drilling of the well difficult.

If hard rock is encountered along the way, it must be broken by replacing the bailer with a chisel.

When water appears, the use of the bailer will be impractical, it is necessary to pump it to a clean state using a deep pump. Then a filter must be inserted into the casing pipe so that sand does not get into the well.

In this way, you can punch a well up to 40 meters deep. Such water, having undergone natural purification, is soft and tasty. It is suitable for any application - for cooking, drinking or household needs.

Country houses are increasingly reminiscent of independent system in the field of water supply and sewerage. After all, many happy owners own house want to live comfortably even where there is no centralized systems water supply and waste disposal. It is all the more pleasant to have your own source of clean water on the site. drinking water- well.

We're used to what's under well water understand artesian water. But in addition to the artesian well, there is also a sand well and the "Abyssinian well". Below is a description of each of these underground water sources in more detail.

This type of drinking spring has been known since ancient times. The depth of the Abyssinian well can be 8-12 m. The Abyssinian has a very simple design:

Advantages

1. Such a well can be made inside the house, which will allow it to be used even in winter period. If there are power outages in your area, you can install both an electric and a manual pump.
2. Despite their small size, the Abyssinian well is an excellent source of drinking water for suburban area. Indeed, due to the simple design, the Abyssinian can be easily reproduced independently in just 10 hours.
3. The Abyssinian is called the well conditionally. It is not subject to such influence of perched water, surface runoff, therefore, often the water in the well has best performance than a well. Especially in microbiology.
4. At the same time, by mineral composition the water in the Abyssinian well often outperforms the artesian well. This applies to inorganic iron and hardness salts.
5. For the arrangement of this well, it is not required to obtain a license and enter it in the register.
6. If necessary, all the components of the Abyssinian can be without special efforts dismantled and moved to another location.
7. The arrangement of such a well will cost you less than other types of water wells.

Peculiarities

But before you make an Abyssinian well on your site, you need to take into account a number of features.

1. The aquifer must not pass below a depth of eight meters. This is due to the fact that the well is very narrow, so water-lifting equipment can only be installed to it from the outside.
2. Even if all the installation rules are observed, the water in the Abyssinian may undergo a change in composition due to the infiltration of pollutants through a relatively small soil layer. For this reason, potential contaminants should not be allowed near the well.
3. It is impossible to drill an Abyssinian well in rocks, since the drill will not cope with them. Best Option the soil is medium- and coarse-grained sand, in which the well is less prone to silting.

The aquifer of this well is in a sandy layer. Its arrangement is resorted to in the case when the water layer is located at more than a ten-meter depth, a maximum of 50 m.

This is another source drinking water supply, which can be equipped with your own efforts without significant material costs. The composition of the sand well includes the following elements:

• bottom filter;
• submersible pump;
• casing and at the same time water supply pipe;
• cap.

A well of this type can produce up to 20 cubic meters of water per day, which may well meet the needs of a small house.

Peculiarities

But there are a number of nuances in the installation and operation of a well on sand that must be taken into account.

1. ​ Chemical composition water does not always match sanitary standards, therefore, for its use for drinking purposes, it is necessary to carry out cleaning.
2. ​ Maximum term The service life of a gerbil is 15 years. It all depends on the soil in which the filter is located: a large fraction is a protection against silting, extending the operating period of the well.
3. In addition, the gerbil needs constant maintenance. Therefore, if it is not possible to pump it regularly, it is better to abandon this well.
4. If your neighbors drilled a similar well at the same depth, then the debit of your water source will decrease significantly.
5. The well filter needs to be washed annually. Sometimes flushing is required every six months.

The wells mentioned above are suitable for small houses. If you are a happy owner of a country house of impressive size, or for other reasons, the gerbil and Abyssinian do not suit you, then the only way out there may be drilling and arrangement of an artesian well.

It is impossible to drill this source on your own; you need to hire professionals whose services are not cheap. But since the flow rate of the well is high, you can chip in on the services of drillers with neighbors.

Artesian water is extracted from a layer passing at a depth of 0.1 km or more. Here it is not subject to contamination by pathogenic microorganisms, oil products, copper, zinc and has a low content of organic matter.

But at the same time, artesian water is often characterized by excesses in hardness and the content of unoxidized inorganic iron and manganese. The water may also have a characteristic odor associated with the presence of hydrogen sulfide in the water. In this regard, artesian water often needs to be subjected to additional purification.

Another significant disadvantage artesian is the need to obtain a license to drill and use the well, as well as strict adherence to sanitary protection belts. The standards for the radius of the latter are unlikely to allow equipping a well in a small area.

That's why the best option is the drilling of one well to service several houses.

Abyssinian and gerbil do it yourself

Abyssinian well (well manual drilling)
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Abyssinian well (hand-drilled well).

Despite its simplicity, the Abyssinian well is very popular among owners. country houses. Indeed, often its debit is higher than that of a gerbil, and it is much easier to drill and equip it. But if the aquifer is below the level from which an external pump can raise water, then a sand well can be equipped. Let us consider in more detail the installation of these two types of wells.

Driving an Abyssinian well

Before you start driving the Abyssinian, which is the name of the process of obtaining this source of water, it is necessary to prepare all the elements of this well. They are sold ready-made, but making them yourself is not particularly difficult.

Step 1. From a meter pipe, the diameter of which is an inch, the filter base is made. To do this, holes in the form of a slot are cut out in the walls of the pipe for 80 cm every 20 mm from each other.

Step 2. A wire is wound around the filter pipe and a network of filter weaving is pulled. The latter must be fixed with clamps every 100 mm.

Step 3. A steel cone is installed at the far end of the filter, the base diameter of which is greater than the diameter of the pipe, and the height is 100 mm. The tip can be ordered from a turner, and the cone can be securely fixed to the filter pipe with tin solder.

In the same way, the mesh is additionally fixed.

Step 4. For the body of the well, meter or one and a half meter inch pipes are prepared with threads at both ends for connection.

On the preparatory stage you can make a headstock - a tool for driving. To do this, a small piece of pipe with a thick wall is taken, a centimeter base is welded to one end of the tube, and handles are welded to the side. The headstock must weigh at least 30 kg.

After preparatory activities start slaughtering.

Step 1. In the place chosen for the well, they dig a pit with an area of ​​1 sq.m, and a depth of half a meter.

Step 2. In the pit, they begin to drill with a garden drill, the length of which is gradually increased with the help of half-inch pipes, connected to each other using couplings and bolts.

Step 3. From the moment the sand saturated with moisture appears, they go directly to driving. To do this, the prepared filter is connected with a thread to the first pipe. A sleeve is screwed onto the free end of the pipe with a termination that protects the pipe from impact. They string a grandmother and hit her sharply.

Driving can also be done with a sledgehammer, but in this case, the likelihood of bending the pipe is higher.

Important! Clogging must be combined with sprinkling the pipe with soil and compacting it.

Step 4 During driving, water is constantly poured into the well and tapped. This is necessary in order not to drill past the water layer. Listening is done as follows: every half a meter, the well pipe is turned clockwise and listen to what sound is made. Thus, rustling and rattle indicate the horizon of fine and coarse sand, respectively.

Step 5. As soon as noise appears, add more water and look at the speed at which it seeps into the ground:

• if slowly, then deepen another half a meter;
• quickly - you need to go deeper by 30 cm.

When the clogging is completed, proceed to install the pump.

How to make a filter well

The first thing to do before drilling filter well, – Interrogate nearest neighbors if they have a similar water source. The main thing is to find out from what depth they extract water. If you have to drill more than two dozen meters, you will have to hire a team of professionals or rent special equipment.

In the case of a layer with water at a shallower depth, you can get by with improvised tools.

Having chosen a convenient place, remote from heaps of garbage, cesspools and other pollutants, dig a hole 150x150x150 cm. It is recommended to strengthen its walls with sheets of wood or metal.

Now you need to build a tripod, on which the winch will subsequently be fixed. Below is an instruction on how to build this structure necessary to lift the drill.

Step 1. At the ends of three bars with a twenty-centimeter cross section, holes are cut out for a tube that will connect these tripod supports.

Step 2. The tripod is placed above the drilling site, fixing the supports to protect them from being buried in the ground during operation.

Step 3. Attach a winch to the tripod: electric on top, mechanical on the bottom.

Step 4. A drill is hooked to the winch.

You can start drilling, which is a cycle that repeats until an aquifer is reached, and includes the following steps:

As soon as she started doing pure water, you can begin to equip the well, which includes backfilling the bottom filter, installing casing pipes, pumping equipment, cap and caisson.

Thus, you can drill a well in the sand or an Abyssinian well on your own, using improvised equipment. If you need a larger debit of water, you will have to allocate a significant amount of funds and hire an organization whose activities are related to the drilling of artesian wells.

When choosing drillers, it is better to choose a company that has several drilling rigs and does not offer plastic casing. In addition, this firm must have a hydrologist.

Video - Abyssinian well inside the house

Video - Drilling a well in the sand. Do-it-yourself water well