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Well or central water supply. Well or centralized water supply Cottage which is better well or water supply

If it is possible to connect a country house to a centralized water supply network, many will say that you need to choose this particular method to provide yourself with drinking water. To support their opinion, they will give arguments such as:

, as the only worthy alternative to centralized water supply, is relatively high;
there may be problems associated with the direct performance of work on the construction of a water intake structure on the site;
high costs for the purchase and installation of filters.

In general, the size of capital investments for drilling a well, the purchase of pumping and filtering equipment, and later the cost of servicing the source of water intake in this case are given as the main factors in favor of a centralized water supply.

Meanwhile, everything is not as simple as it seems at first glance: I received permission from Vodokanal, laid a pipeline, installed water meters and use the water supply system, as in a city apartment. It is worth understanding in more detail and identifying all the negative aspects of providing water to a country house through centralized water supply. But first about the pros.

All the benefits of centralized water supply

Vodokanal is responsible for the water supply of the house: it checks the chemical and bacteriological composition of the water, carries out all water treatment measures, maintains and repairs the main networks, and maintains the necessary water pressure.
The second indisputable plus is independence from power supply. Even in the event of a power outage in the house, water will flow to the faucets regularly.

On this, perhaps, everything, although it is quite a lot. As for the initial capital investments, here the inhabitants are often mistaken, believing that the cost of connecting to a centralized water supply system is cheaper than the price of drilling a well.

The nuances of connecting a private house to centralized water supply networks.

Consider the main actions of the owner, who decided on a contract for the supply of water with Vodokanal. First you need to get permission to tie into the backbone network. Then wait for the issuance of technical conditions for connection and, on their basis, order the development of design and estimate documentation. Conclude an agreement with a licensed organization to perform work on laying a pipeline from the main pipe to the site. Lay pipes and install meters.

All stages are carried out taking into account the requirements of Russian legislation, namely, the Federal Law of the Russian Federation No. 416 "On Water Supply and Sanitation" and related amendments and decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation.

And now more about capital investments. You need to know that the estimated daily water consumption affects the estimated cost of connecting to the network. According to the tariffs of Vodokanal, established in 2015 by the Tariff Committee of St. Petersburg, 17,330 rubles will be required for 1 m 3 / hour. And the water consumption in a country house is quite large: in addition to the kitchen, bath, toilet, water is needed in the bathhouse, on the street for watering lawns, greenhouses and garden plants. But this ridiculous amount only emphasizes the global nature of further expenses.

The cost of laying 1 linear meter of a pipe with a diameter of 20 cm from the main network to the house is 12,490 rubles. It is easy to calculate that if the main pipe is only 50 meters from the site, the laying of water supply networks from the connection point to the connection point of the water supply networks to the central cold water supply system will cost 625 thousand rubles. Let's reduce the size of the pipe by half. The amount will decrease slightly and amount to 563 thousand rubles.

And that's not all the cons.

Disadvantages of using centralized water supply networks

In addition to capital investments, centralized water supply will require a monthly payment for the use of water, and tariffs, as you know, are growing. The complete dependence on the water supplier is also embarrassing: for the period of planned or emergency repairs, the house may be left without water. The supplier will also not be able to guarantee the high quality of water due to the deterioration of the main pipeline. Representatives of Vodokanal themselves admit this.

So, perhaps, the installation of an additional water purification system cannot be avoided. And with insufficient water pressure, which also sins the central water supply, you will have to buy and install additional pumping equipment. And now we can draw conclusions regarding the choice of the source of water supply for a country house. Probably, the alleged problems with drilling and well construction are no longer problems in the direct sense of the word.

"Well or centralized water supply", BC "POISK", tell friends: February 16th, 2016

Many owners of private houses or cottages face the question of how best to organize the water supply at home. As a rule, the choice is between connecting to a central water supply or drilling a well.

Ways to organize water supply

In places with a well-developed infrastructure, as a rule, there is a central water supply to which you can connect. But at the same time, there are often concerns about the quality of the water that such a pipeline provides. And this question is justified, since basically the existing water supply systems are quite old, with a high degree of wear, and therefore the quality of water inevitably suffers and frequent shutdowns of water supply due to repair work are likely. But, nevertheless, the central water supply system greatly simplifies and reduces the cost of water supply site.

An alternative to central water supply is an autonomous water supply. Despite the fact that this method of water supply requires quite serious initial financial investments, it is preferred by most owners of private houses or cottages.

A properly organized autonomous water supply system is characterized by excellent water quality and complete autonomy from central systems.

Features of the central water supply

The central water supply guarantees maximum convenience and no need to independently organize the water supply of the site and the house. One of the most serious obstacles to organizing a central water supply is the initial absence of one at the location of the site. If the infrastructure of the place is well developed, then to connect to the central water supply, you need to issue the necessary permits and call in specialists who will tie into the central water supply.

At the same time, central water supply has a number of rather significant drawbacks:

the use of a central water supply system involves the payment of a monthly fee for use, and given the regular increase in prices for water supply, it is worth initially preparing for a constant increase in the cost of water supply to the site;
when connecting to the central water supply, it is necessary to take into account possible interruptions in the water supply due to regular preventive maintenance;
only recently organized central water supply is characterized by the use of modern equipment, but in places with an old central water supply, equipment wear is quite large, which leads to frequent breakdowns and shutdowns of the water supply;
for the same reason, the quality of water from the central water supply is quite poor and often requires the use of an additional filtration system for possible use as drinking water.

What should you pay attention to when choosing a central water supply?

If there is a central water supply, you can choose it to supply water to the site or to a private house. In this case, you should pay attention to several rather significant points:

when connected to a new high-quality central water supply system, there are practically no problems, except for the organization of a sewerage system, but it is possible that it can also be solved by connecting to a centralized wastewater discharge and treatment system;
if the house is used exclusively in the warm season, then care should be taken to turn off and completely drain the water supply to avoid freezing and possible rupture of pipes;
if the water supply is old and not designed for a large number of consumers, then there may be insufficient water pressure, which may cause malfunctions in the operation of household appliances (dishwashers and washing machines and water heaters) - in this case, you will have to install a special pump to create more water pressure ;
the old water supply system is characterized by poor water quality, therefore, for the normal operation of household appliances, as well as the possibility of drinking water for food, filters for water purification are installed in the water supply system.

The procedure for connecting to the central water supply

After deciding to connect to the central water supply, you need to perform certain actions:

initially you need to get a special site plan, which indicates all available underground utilities;
in the local branch of the water utility, after providing title documents, you need to obtain technical conditions for connecting to the central water supply;
the licensed organization develops design estimates;
after registration of documentation in the SES, the work is coordinated with organizations whose communications are available at the specified site;
licensed organizations after that, work can be carried out to bring the central water supply to the site.

The last step is the registration of devices in the water utility and the conclusion of a contract for the supply of water.

It is worth paying special attention to the fact that carrying out many stages requires contacting specialized licensed organizations, a list of which can be obtained from the water utility department, as well as numerous approvals.

Independent work on the diversion of water supply to the site is unacceptable.

Autonomous water supply

Despite the significant convenience that the central water supply provides, even in places where there is a central water supply, an autonomous water supply is often chosen to supply a site or a private house with water.

Autonomous water supply implies complete independence from the centralized water supply and the possibility of independent control and regulation of water quality in the water supply. The main disadvantages of the system include the need for significant financial investments in the organization of such water supply. Although the cash costs are one-time and can be shared, for example, with the owner of a neighboring site, who also wants to organize an autonomous water supply.

One of the key stages in the organization of an autonomous water supply system is the drilling of a well or a well and their arrangement.

Since an autonomous water supply organization system may differ depending on the specific conditions and preferences of the owner of the site, it is initially worth consulting with experts, which option will be optimal:

The most economical option for organizing autonomous water supply is wells. Compared to drilling a well, they have a lower cost. But you should choose them only in case of a relatively small need for water, shallow waters and the presence of favorable conditions, while you should be prepared for the fact that the water in the well can be of very dubious quality.
The old, but hardly applicable to modern reality, method of supplying water through a well has been replaced by a more efficient method of water supply - drilling a well for water.
Up to thirty-five meters, filter wells can be drilled, which take about two days to drill, but they quickly become silted up.
The most optimal way of autonomous water supply is to drill an artesian well, which is drilled to a depth of twenty to two hundred meters, depending on individual conditions, it takes about five days to drill them, but they are more durable, their minimum service life is fifty years.

Water from the well, due to a change in the environmental situation and numerous communications, at the moment often ceased to meet safety requirements, so many people forgot about the well and began to use the most modern methods of organizing autonomous water supply for a site or a private house.

A filter well as an alternative to a central water supply is relatively inexpensive, but not durable either. One of the features is the rather rapid siltation of the well. These wells are usually drilled to a depth of two to ten meters, in the case of a shallow groundwater table and the presence of sand. But, as a rule, at such a depth there is rarely drinking water in quality, therefore the main purpose of filter wells is technical. In the final version, the filter well is constructed from a casing pipe, with a strainer at the end. A feature of a filter well is that its lifespan directly depends on the frequency of use: the more often a well is used, the longer its service life. The productivity of such a well is about a cubic meter of water per hour.

Not wanting to use the central water supply to organize water supply on the site or in a private house, you can drill an artesian well, which, despite its high cost, fully justifies the cost of it.

An artesian well is drilled to a depth of up to two hundred meters, depending on the individual characteristics of the location of groundwater. Water from such a well can be used for any household needs and used as drinking water. Unlike a filter well, an artesian well has a significantly higher productivity, it can reach one hundred cubic meters per hour.

Such wells are not subject to silting, and their service life is at least fifty years. To organize an artesian well, special large-diameter metal pipes are used, the wall thickness of which must be at least five millimeters.

The system for arranging autonomous water supply on the site or in a private house

To organize an autonomous water supply on the site, you can resort to the services of professionals who will issue the necessary permits, carry out the necessary survey work and carry out direct installation of the structure. In this case, the optimal time for drilling a well will be winter. Since drilling a well involves the use of specialized equipment, in winter it will be less traumatic for green spaces, and especially for the owner's beds. In addition, winter is not the season for companies involved in drilling and well construction, and therefore it is possible to carry out work with significant savings in terms of money.

To organize water supply, you must initially decide on the place of drilling of the well itself. The site for organizing the camera, in which the automation and the head of the well are located, occupies at least four square meters, but it is optimal to place it as close as possible to the house in order to save:

you can choose a cheaper version of the pump, since a small length of pipes does not require such pressure as when it is increased, because in the latter case, the pump must not only lift water from the well, but also push it through the water supply system;
materials are significantly saved: not only the pipes themselves, but also backfill, insulation, etc .;
reduce the cost of digging a trench.

If the need for water is seasonal, then the well can be equipped with a cap, which is designed to seal the well, protect it from the ingress of melt and rain water, mechanical impurities and facilitates the process of attaching the pump.

If the need for water is not limited to any period and is not seasonal, then a well is drilled with a caisson. With this drilling option, the well head is below the level of soil freezing, otherwise damage to expensive equipment cannot be avoided during the winter cold. The caisson also helps to secure the head of the well from the penetration of groundwater and possible sewer drains located nearby.

There are several nuances when developing an autonomous water supply scheme:

in the development process, it is necessary to provide for possible changes in the water supply system in the future, in which case an increase in the length of pipes or the number of consumers will not affect the specified fluctuations in water pressure in the pipes;
to prevent damage to equipment from lightning strikes, grounding and lightning protection must be carefully carried out.

Installing and using additional containers will help protect yourself from possible interruptions in water supply and save money by storing it at night.

In almost all modern cottage villages, the central water supply system is included in the communications package, but there are villages in which central water supply is not provided. The cost of plots here is lower, but where and how to get water, the owner will have to decide on their own.

How, in this case, to estimate the forthcoming amount of costs even before buying a plot? What difficulties can the owner of the site face in this? What is your monthly water bill?

For central water supply cottage villages almost always use artesian wells. One or more of these wells with a water treatment system provide residents with a continuous supply of drinking water in large volumes.

One of the most accessible and, accordingly, the most common types individual water supply is the so-called well "on the sand." This is a well with a depth of 6 - 30 meters to a layer of sand or pebbles capable of delivering water. The resource of such a well is highly dependent on the design and quality of the filter, which is installed in the aquifer.

Compare the differences between a well and a central water supply:

Type of water supply	Individual well	Central water supply
Well type		Artesian well
Well depth	6 to 30 meters	From 100 meters
Water quality	For technical needs (watering, etc.), it is suitable for drinking only after multi-level water purification.	Suitable for drinking; for use in washing machines, dishwashers, does not harm faucets.
drilling cost	From 1500 rubles per meter of sand drilling, the cost of the pump, the arrangement of the well, the cost of filters	Included in the cost of communications when buying a plot in a cottage village
Fire safety	Water pressure from one shallow well is not enough to extinguish a fire	The village has a fire hydrant system.
Filtration equipment	Periodic replacement of filters and pumps is necessary, if necessary.	Based on the analysis of the water, a water treatment station is selected, the maintenance of the water treatment station and filters is included in the water tariff or is included in the cost of services of the management company of the village.
Life time	From 1 year to 5 years	About 50 years
Well maintainability	Irregular use leads to silting of the well, so it is necessary to periodically clean the installation.	The occurrence of water in limestone rocks, which are essentially a natural filter, avoids silting and repair work.
Sanitary protection zone	The small size of the site does not allow providing the necessary sanitary zone around the well, pollution from groundwater and neighboring sewage pits can get in.	Around an artesian well, a zone of sanitary protection from pollution is necessarily provided

Anatoly Zakharov, Development Director of VodaSet, clarifies:

“The best option for water supply of a country house in the village without central water supply there will be drilling at the site of an individual well "on sand". Then it is necessary to install filters for deep water purification, since the upper aquifers are polluted by sewage and surface water.

In the settlements with central water supply purified water from the central system is launched into the house, and for irrigation and other technical needs, a shallow well is drilled on the site.

The cost of arranging your own well includes:

The average cost of drilling is from 1500 rubles / meter (for sand) and 2500 rubles / meter for stone;
Pump from 2 thousand rubles; a good pump - from 6 thousand rubles;
Arrangement of a well and the introduction of water into the house - from 10 thousand to 100 thousand rubles
Water purification system from 10 to 80 thousand rubles.

Cheap equipment (pump + well equipment) breaks down very quickly, it is more suitable for summer cottages and weekends, and if you plan to use the well all year round, then the equipment should be professional.”

An alternative to central water supply is autonomous water supply. Despite the fact that this method of water supply requires quite serious initial financial investments, it is preferred by most owners of private houses or cottages.

A properly organized autonomous water supply system is characterized by excellent water quality and complete autonomy from central systems.

Features of the central water supply

At the same time, central water supply has a number of rather significant drawbacks:

the use of a central water supply system involves the payment of a monthly fee for use, and given the regular increase in prices for water supply, it is worth initially preparing for a constant increase in the cost of water supply to the site;
when connecting to the central water supply, it is necessary to take into account possible interruptions in the water supply due to regular preventive maintenance;
only recently organized central water supply is characterized by the use of modern equipment, but in places with an old central water supply, equipment wear is quite large, which leads to frequent breakdowns and shutdowns of the water supply;
for the same reason, the quality of water from the central water supply is quite poor and often requires the use of an additional filtration system for possible use as drinking water.

What should you pay attention to when choosing a central water supply?

If there is a central water supply, you can choose it to supply water to the site or to a private house. In this case, you should pay attention to several rather significant points:

when connected to a new high-quality central water supply system, there are practically no problems, except for the organization of a sewerage system, but it is possible that it can also be solved by connecting to a centralized wastewater discharge and treatment system;
if the house is used exclusively in the warm season, then care should be taken to turn off and completely drain the water supply to avoid freezing and possible rupture of pipes;
if the water supply is old and not designed for a large number of consumers, then there may be insufficient water pressure, which may cause malfunctions in household appliances (dishwashers and washing machines and water heaters) - in this case, you will have to install a special pump to create more water pressure ;
the old water supply system is characterized by poor water quality, therefore, for the normal operation of household appliances, as well as the possibility of drinking water for food, filters for water purification are installed in the water supply system.

The procedure for connecting to the central water supply

After deciding to connect to the central water supply, you need to perform certain actions:

initially you need to get a special site plan, which indicates all available underground utilities;
in the local branch of the water utility, after providing title documents, you need to obtain technical conditions for connecting to the central water supply;
the licensed organization develops design estimates;
after registration of documentation in the SES, the work is coordinated with organizations whose communications are available at the specified site;
licensed organizations after that, work can be carried out to bring the central water supply to the site.

The last step is the registration of devices in the water utility and the conclusion of a contract for the supply of water.

Independent work on the diversion of water supply to the site is unacceptable.

Autonomous water supply

One of the key stages in the organization of an autonomous water supply system is the drilling of a well or a well and their arrangement.

The most economical option for organizing autonomous water supply is wells. Compared to drilling a well, they have a lower cost. But you should choose them only in case of a relatively small need for water, shallow waters and the presence of favorable conditions, while you should be prepared for the fact that the water in the well can be of very dubious quality.
The old, but hardly applicable to modern reality, method of supplying water through a well has been replaced by a more efficient method of water supply - drilling a well for water.
Up to thirty-five meters, filter wells can be drilled, which take about two days to drill, but they quickly become silted up.
The most optimal way of autonomous water supply is to drill an artesian well, which is drilled to a depth of twenty to two hundred meters, depending on individual conditions, it takes about five days to drill them, but they are more durable, their minimum service life is fifty years.

Not wanting to use the central water supply to organize water supply on the site or in a private house, you can drill an artesian well, which, despite its high cost, fully justifies the cost of it.

The system for arranging autonomous water supply on the site or in a private house

you can choose a cheaper version of the pump, since a small length of pipes does not require such pressure as when it is increased, because in the latter case, the pump must not only lift water from the well, but also push it through the water supply system;
materials are significantly saved: not only the pipes themselves, but also backfill, insulation, etc .;
reduce the cost of digging a trench.

There are several nuances when developing an autonomous water supply scheme:

in the development process, it is necessary to provide for possible changes in the water supply system in the future, in which case an increase in the length of pipes or the number of consumers will not affect the specified fluctuations in water pressure in the pipes;
to prevent damage to equipment from lightning strikes, grounding and lightning protection must be carefully carried out.

Installing and using additional containers will help protect yourself from possible interruptions in water supply and save money by storing it at night.

moyaskvazhina.ru

Well and well: differences in device and varieties

Individual water supply systems are more difficult to install because they require the organization of a direct source of water.

This is solved in two ways:

using a well (usual depth 10-15 m.);
using a well (depth of 10-15 m or more).

Wells

The well has been used for many centuries as a source of water, which is located on the nearest permanent aquifer from the surface. Its shape is round, and its diameter is from 0.5 meters. Rectangular wells are rare. The well passes through the water layer and is buried in a solid layer, which is 0.5-2 m lower than it. Manual devices or electric pumps are used to raise the water. Water gradually flows down from various horizons and accumulating in a well is stored there in certain quantities. If you pump out all the water from the well, then a new one will arrive only after a certain time.

wells

Wells can be sand or artesian. A sand well can have a diameter of 3.6 - 5 cm or more. It is less deep than artesian and its filter is installed in a sandy aquifer. At the same time, the depth of the wells can reach 20-50 meters. The diameter of an artesian well is from 12 cm, and the depth is 50-100 meters or more. When using a well, the pump constantly takes water from the wellbore, and new water, passing through the filter, under pressure, continuously re-enters the wellbore. The system works in such a way that water intake always compensates for the influx of new water. Therefore, the water from the well never runs out, compared to the well.

Now that you know the fundamental differences between a well and a well, we will compare these two sources of water supply in order to understand in which case one or another source will be better.

Choosing a place for a water source

The well must be located at a distance of at least 30 meters from sources of dirt (dung heaps, toilets, garbage pits, baths). In the case of installing a well, the distance can be reduced to 15 meters. It is not recommended to build a well on the slope of a ravine or on the bank of a river, since in this case dirty groundwater will become the main source.

Whichever water extraction system is chosen, provision should be made for the passage and placement of the contractor's machinery and equipment, as well as space for materials on site. In the case of wells, another area is needed for the disposal of excavated soil. If a house has not yet been built on the site, you can cut a well right in the building area. This will significantly reduce the cost of pipelines and caisson, but may become a problem during well workover.

Choosing a location for a well can be more difficult than choosing a location for a well. When arranging a well, a larger area will be involved than when drilling a well. Especially when you consider the fact that drilling can be carried out by mobile drilling rigs, which do not require a large area to operate.

Water quality

The result of technogenic pollution was the ingress of untreated groundwater into sources at relatively shallow depths. A feature of deeper aquifers is the additional protection of water by clay layers. True, even in this case, the water content may contain impurities of iron and salt.

Wells, as water intake structures, are designed to collect water from the upper aquifer. And the wells are designed to draw water from the underlying horizons, which ensures better quality and more water. The purity of water depends on the aquifer in which a well is dug or a well is drilled. In terms of water quality, it is difficult to say what is better than a well or a well, because there is no absolutely clean water either in wells or in wells.

Thus, comparing the quality of water in a well or well, the following can be noted:

1. Recently, the quality of water has significantly decreased in wells, which is due to an increase in the amount of industrial and domestic waste;

2. In wells, water quality is better due to greater depth, but iron, manganese and hydrogen sulfide may be present in it.

Amount of water

If we consider the performance of wells and wells, we can determine the following. Good well flow rates are from 3 to 5 m³ per day. That is, in 24 hours from 3000 to 5000 liters can be pumped out of the well. But, in many cases, the indicators of the maximum amount of fresh water in the wells can be from 1 to 2 m³ per day. In such cases, people are faced with a lack of water, they have to save money, resort to the use of hydroaccumulators, rainwater tanks, drip irrigation systems.

The wells are marked by a more stable flow rate, the indicators of which are:

from 1 to 3 m³/h at a depth of up to 50 m;
from 5 to 6 m³/h at a depth of 50 to 100 meters.

This means that a well in an hour is capable of producing as much water as a well in a day. True, it should be remembered that high costs require more powerful sewage.

For an approximate calculation of the amount of water needed at a particular facility, all consumption data should be added up. According to SNiP, the amount of water consumed by a person per day is 200 liters. Therefore, the indicated number must be multiplied by the number of residents with a small reserve, designed for guests or in case of the appearance of small children.

Water consumption standards:

To water one cubic meter of land on a lawn or in a garden, you will need from 3 to 6 liters per day. This difference is determined by soil moisture, climatic conditions and the moisture requirement of individual plants. Maintenance costs should also include car washing and other household needs. Huge volumes of water are required in the presence of a pool. Thus, taking into account household and personal needs, the total water consumption per day for a family of four can be from 2 to 4 m 3 and even more.

If a large water consumption is planned, then the well will obviously not be enough for a full-fledged water supply, in view of its small debit. The well is great as an emergency backup or when the water flow is low. Thus, when determining what is better a well or a well in a summer cottage or for a house, one should rely on the above factors.

The complexity of the construction work

The main difference between a well and a well lies in the way they are arranged. The well is drilled using specialized equipment. At the moment, there are both large-sized and mobile drilling rigs. Therefore, if you do not have room to maneuver, then it will not hurt to drill a well. Many well drilling operations are mechanized.

To service the well, a technological pit is equipped above its trunk. It can be built of brick or monolithic concrete, has a roof and a hatch. Often the pump itself is installed in the pit.

The well is dug by hand. For this, special workers are hired, who dig a hole, approximately two to three meters deep, after which two or three rings are lowered there. After that, the earth digs under them, as a result of which they sink deeper. This happens until the workers reach the required depth.

The well occupies the leading position in terms of the speed of work being carried out. In one day, workers can dig a maximum of three rings in the well. If the soil is dense enough, their number can be reduced to two or even one. That is, a well of 10 meters will be dug for at least 5 days. A 10-meter well can be drilled in two hours.

Autonomy of water supply

The operation of the well and well is characterized by autonomy. Water from the well can be extracted manually (using a bucket and a special mechanism) or automatically (by installing a pump in the well and running communication pipes to the house).

In the case of a well for manual extraction of water, it is necessary to purchase a special mechanical installation. But as a rule, at present, wells are equipped only with electric pumps.

In the event of a power outage, it will not be possible to draw water from the well, but it can be drawn from the well at any time.

Source durability

The duration of the presence of water in a well or well depends on the aquifer from which water is taken. The durability of sources is unforeseen. It is possible that a well will be dug in a neighboring area, falling into the same aquifer, reducing the amount of water in your well or well. Thus, based on this criterion, it is difficult to determine what is better for a well or a well for a house.

According to statistics, wells dry up more often than wells run out of water. The latter are singular. Most quickly, the well ceases to function as a result of silting or wear of its filter. Wells require maintenance much more often than wells.

Arrangement cost

The price for arranging a well and a well is not the same. Digging a well is the least expensive option. The cost of work is determined by the depth of the mine, which can range from 3 to 40 meters. The price includes work, delivery and installation of reinforced concrete rings. Additional costs will be spent on communications - a pump, pipes, etc.

The price for well construction is determined by the geographical location of the site, the technical task for water supply and the diameter of the well pipe.

If the depth of the aquifer is small (10 - 15 meters), then drilling a sandy well of small diameter can be cheaper than a well. But most often drilling a well is a more costly option.

Laying communications

To equip an automatic water supply system to the house, you should install a water main and a pump. This process is almost identical for a well and a well. The water main consists of an electric wire, a pipe or corrugation, a heater, a pipeline and a heating cable. In the case of a well, the length of the pipeline can be several times longer.

The borehole pump is the central water supply unit in a country house. By rationally approaching the choice of a pump for a well, you will ensure its long-term service and comfortable operation. Submersible or surface pumps are used to supply water. To choose the right type of pump, you need to know about the water level in the well and its seasonal changes.

operational reliability, quality and wear resistance;
high engine efficiency and energy efficiency;
the presence of various protective systems;
the presence of smooth descents;
small equipment options.

In some cases, installing a pump for a well and supplying communications is a more difficult task that is best left to a specialist. Installing a pump in a well is a simpler task, even an amateur master can do it.

In which case is it better to equip a well, and in which well

A well should be built only if there are no aquifers for well construction on your site or they are located in very inaccessible places. The purchase of land in a non-built-up area should be treated very carefully and responsibly. Sad cases are known when people bought a plot in an area where clean water was at a depth of 100-150 m or it was not found at all. If you purchase such a site, you should ask the seller for the conclusion of geological studies, or get advice from drilling organizations that have information about the characteristics of the soil. If residential areas are located in the neighborhood, then the most reliable information can be obtained from their owners.

Ask them:

about the source of water;
about the amount of water that is used every day and the purpose of its use;
about organizations that made a well or well for neighbors;
whether the owners of neighboring plots handed over water for analysis;
whether they are satisfied with the chosen water supply system.

Thus, the installation of a well will be justified only when the extraction of water from the depths is impossible, due to the characteristics of the land of a particular region. The well is able to collect water from various horizons on which its pipes are lowered and store it in certain quantities. This water will be of poor quality, but it will be. Then you can clean it using various cleaning installations.

If in your area neighbors use wells, then it is worth stopping at this particular type of water supply. Drilling a well is a more justified and reliable option for a water supply system.

In addition to autonomous water supply systems, there is also a centralized system that is connected with the help of utility companies after carrying out relatively small earthworks, approving the ability to provide the site and the house with the required water pressure and connecting to the nearest source on the street. It should be remembered that it is possible to connect to the centralized water supply only if there is a sewerage system and the permission of the water utility. If it is possible to connect to a centralized water supply system, then it is best to choose this particular method. Most often this will be the best solution, even compared to a well.

srbu.ru

Compare the differences between a well and a central water supply:

Type of water supply	Individual well	Central water supply
Well type	Well "on the sand"	Artesian well
Well depth	6 to 30 meters	From 100 meters
Water quality	For technical needs (watering, etc.), it is suitable for drinking only after multi-level water purification.	Suitable for drinking; for use in washing machines, dishwashers, does not harm faucets.
drilling cost	From 1500 rubles per meter of sand drilling, the cost of the pump, the arrangement of the well, the cost of filters	Included in the cost of communications when buying a plot in a cottage village
Fire safety	Water pressure from one shallow well is not enough to extinguish a fire	The village has a fire hydrant system.
Filtration equipment	Periodic replacement of filters and pumps is necessary, if necessary.	Based on the analysis of the water, a water treatment station is selected, the maintenance of the water treatment station and filters is included in the water tariff or is included in the cost of services of the management company of the village.
Life time	From 1 year to 5 years	About 50 years
Well maintainability	Irregular use leads to silting of the well, so it is necessary to periodically clean the installation.	The occurrence of water in limestone rocks, which are essentially a natural filter, avoids silting and repair work.
Sanitary protection zone	The small size of the site does not allow providing the necessary sanitary zone around the well, pollution from groundwater and neighboring sewage pits can get in.	Around an artesian well, a zone of sanitary protection from pollution is necessarily provided

Anatoly Zakharov, Development Director of VodaSet, clarifies:

“The best option for water supply of a country house in a village without a central water supply would be drilling on the site of an individual well “on the sand”. Then it is necessary to install filters for deep water purification, since the upper aquifers are polluted by sewage and surface water.

In settlements with central water supply, purified water is run into the house from the central system, and for irrigation and other technical needs, a shallow well is drilled on the site.

The cost of arranging your own well includes:

The average cost of drilling is from 1500 rubles / meter (for sand) and 2500 rubles / meter for stone;
Pump from 2 thousand rubles; a good pump - from 6 thousand rubles;
Arrangement of a well and the introduction of water into the house - from 10 thousand to 100 thousand rubles
Water purification system from 10 to 80 thousand rubles.

sibposelki.ru

Sources: what are they?

The first step is to determine at what level the usable water is. There are 3 main types of underground sources.

Verkhovodka is the layer closest to the surface of the earth, located at a depth of no more than 4 meters. Filling occurs as precipitation falls, it is especially rich during the period of snow melting and floods of rivers. The obvious disadvantage of this layer is its pollution - the thickness of the earth is not sufficient to purify water, therefore it is not suitable for drinking, but it is quite suitable for irrigation. Because the well in the country may be of small depth, this is enough for economic use.
Groundwater - the middle layer, located at a depth below 10 meters. Due to the thick layer of earth, precipitation and river water undergo a sufficient degree of purification. Such water can be used for food and household purposes.
The artesian spring is located between layers of impermeable rocks below 40 meters and is under pressure. When drilling wells, water rises above the level of the layers containing it, it is the cleanest and most suitable for use.

Depending on the availability of a particular source on the site, as well as based on needs, they choose which is better - a well or a well.

mine well

The oldest method of extracting water for the economy. This is an ordinary classic well, it has the simplest design and provides access to upper and groundwater. It is advisable to arrange it to a depth of 15 meters.

How to make a well with your own hands?

It is necessary to adhere to the following procedure:

Mechanically or manually dig a recess to the desired level.
The walls of the well are arranged with special concrete rings. The seams at their joints must be carefully sealed so that foreign objects and living creatures that live in the upper layers of the soil do not penetrate into the water.
The bottom of the well is covered with gravel of various fractions up to 30 cm thick - it will filter the water coming from below from large impurities.
The last stage is the installation of a canopy that protects water from external pollution. It can be a simple lid or a design with a door.

The undoubted plus that such a well has is the price. This is the cheapest facility that can provide water for a subsidiary farm. The cost of concrete rings depends on their size and amounts to 1500-5000 rubles. The price of work on raising the soil and installing walls also depends on the size of the shaft and the complexity of the process, on average 1800-3000 rubles per ring. If you decide to do the installation yourself, then you only need to spend money on concrete elements, which is very profitable.

If there is an electric source, water can be pumped from such a well using a pump. Otherwise, mining is done only with the help of a bucket manually.

Abyssinian well

It is a driving pipe up to 15 meters long with a diameter of 1 inch. A filter is installed on the tip, and a pump is installed in the ground part. At its core, this is a well for water, only very compact. Allows installation anywhere - on the site or indoors. Limitation - solid soils. The advantages include tightness: when accessing groundwater, the ingress of polluting top water is excluded. By cons - the inability to use constantly due to the threat of silting (cleaning is required).

The depth of the well should be at least 12 meters - it is from this level that the pump is able to raise water.

The Abyssinian well can be a source of water supply for a house: it supplies relatively clean water, suitable for drinking and household use.

Features of the device of simple structures

Any well in the country can be installed all year round, even in winter. The top layer of soil freezes shallowly, it can be warmed up by making a fire. In the spring, during the period of snowmelt and floods, excavation and installation can only be carried out if you know the level of the source in other periods. There is a risk of making a mistake with the depth due to the saturated water filling. Level fluctuations are within 1-2 meters. The optimal development time is autumn and winter.

Where to install and how to make a well? Please use common sense when deciding this issue. Water layers are located evenly in the depths of the soil, strong drops are practically not encountered, therefore the location is determined by convenience.

If the year turned out to be dry and the water receded, you can always increase the depth by adding a concrete ring of a smaller diameter and height.

Hygiene

Wells should be cleaned regularly or as they become dirty. If you notice a change in the smell, color of the water, then it's time to clean the source.

First of all, find the reason from the possible:

water from the upper dirtier layers got into the well;
for some reason, cracks appeared in the walls or there was a depressurization of the seams and pollutants penetrated through them;
accumulation of debris and dust on the surface of the water due to the unprotected top of the mine;
rare use of the well.

Preventive cleaning of wells should be carried out after the winter period, when the snow has melted. This will reduce the likelihood of re-contamination by melt and flood waters. Cleaning can be carried out both independently and using the services of specialists.

well for water

A modern way of extracting water to meet the needs of the home and economy. It is a pipe deeply buried to the lower layers with installed filters and a pump.

There are 2 types of wells:

On sand (up to 30 meters, less often - up to 80 meters).
On limestone (artesian, below 30 meters).

The advantages of both options include:

high quality of produced water;
a large stock that can satisfy all household needs.

Main disadvantages:

in comparison with wells, they have a higher cost of the device;
if the lifting pump fails, it is impossible to manually get water.

filter well

This has access to the lower layers of groundwater, cleaner water. Wells are drilled down to sandy layers, which provide filtration at the production level. Usually the depth reaches 30 meters, except in some areas - up to 80 meters.

The well is a submerged pipe with a diameter of up to 133 mm. It is advisable to entrust the deepening to professionals, then the installation will last a long time - up to 30 years.

The cost of drilling a well for sand is an average of 2000-3000 rubles per meter, taking into account the material.

Pros of using:

fast device in 1 day using oversized equipment;
does not require permission for installation, licensing;
medium power pumps can be used;
contains the optimal level of iron and other impurities that are not harmful to health.

Disadvantages:

the threat of silting requires periodic cleaning;
if there are similar installations in neighboring areas - a decrease in the amount of produced water and pressure, respectively;
in winter, a decrease in water is possible due to the lack of replenishment of the source.

Artesian well

Provides the purest water from the deepest sources. Well pipes have a diameter of up to 324 mm. Deepening is carried out using special equipment to a depth of up to 240 m (depending on the geological conditions of the area), reaching impermeable limestone layers, due to which high-quality water purification and protection occurs. Accordingly, the cost of a well device is high, so it is often arranged for several houses or yards.

Advantages:

there is no sludge pollution, respectively, cleaning is not required;
high productivity (up to 5000 cubic meters per hour);
service life - over 50 years with proper installation;
the amount of water does not depend on the season and the number of connected households;
the possibility of surface contamination is completely excluded.

Disadvantages:

the main one is the high cost of the source device (depending on the depth, pipe diameter, complexity of insertion: from 2000 to 3500 rubles / meter);
a permit is required for the development of a well (bureaucratic processes may take several months) with further payment of a tax for the use of the resource;
the risk of high mineralization of water, which will require additional treatment.

Well device features

In order for the water extraction plant to serve for a long time and reliably, you need to responsibly approach its installation and the choice of material.

For the device of the well, seamless steel pipes are used. It is better not to use galvanized ones - over time they will pollute the water with particles and compounds harmful to the body.

The ideal option is to install plastic pipes inside steel ones. They are not subject to corrosion and other changes during operation. A “multi-layer” water well will last longer without the need for repair, it is easier to clean, the quality of the water supplied from it is higher. But its device will cost much more (3000-6000 rubles / meter).

Water quality control

At home, it is almost impossible to determine the composition of the liquid. Especially if we are dealing with a recently installed source.

Water intake is recommended to be done 3-4 weeks after the installation of a well or well. Then it acquires a permanent stable composition. Based on the results of the analysis, you can choose the best cleaning method that will ensure safe consumption for various needs. These can be special installations for well shafts or filters for local use.

Making a choice

Which is better - a well or a well - the question is not entirely correct. They are used for different purposes and the extraction of water from different layers of the earth. If you need a source for irrigation, it is optimal to install a shallow shaft well on the site. The price of his device is the most affordable, you can dig it out on your own, then the savings will be maximum.

Drilling wells will cost more, but the quality of the water produced by them is much higher. They can be used to supply water to the whole house through a system of pipes and taps. It is important here that a reliable pump and cleaning plant be installed if necessary.

An Abyssinian well can also provide a house with water, but in small volumes, since the pump power is relatively small, and the system's water production will not give much pressure.

Which is better - a well or a well, depends on the geological conditions, financial capabilities and needs of a particular farm.

For plumbing in a private house, you can use a well or a well

There are several ways to conduct water to a private or country house. Use a central water supply, a well or a well. To determine which option is better, a comparison of the pros and cons of each method will help. In addition, it is possible to arrange a source for several houses.

In a private or country house, there are often problems with water supply. Usually the owners equip an autonomous source. As a rule, choose a well or borehole option.

To compare the pros and cons, a number of criteria are used. First, the difficulty of finding the water layer is taken into account. From this point of view, the arrangement of a well is very difficult, because it requires thorough drilling. And for the well, due to the shallow depth, the procedure will not cause problems.

When choosing a source for water, it is necessary to take into account the level of its pollution.

For residents, water quality comes first. In a well source, the liquid is protected by a large layer of soil. In the well, pollution can easily get into the source due to the shallow depth.

The arrangement of both sources does not require any permits and documents. But if the depth of the artesian is large, then documentation may be required.

When installing the well, professional equipment is used, which simplifies the process. But for the well, the bulk of the work is done manually. But when connecting communications, there are more difficulties - when arranging the downhole option.

The amount of fluid in the well is greater than in the well. And this does not depend on the season, which is often observed at the wells. The quality of the downhole fluid itself is quite high, but there may be impurities in the fluid. The problem is fixed with a filter. The quality of the water in the well every year is getting worse and worse.

The durability of a borehole source can be measured in decades. At the same time, maintenance of the installation is rarely required. The well is also durable, but requires periodic cleaning. A higher cost is observed during the arrangement of the well.

Pros and cons of well construction

All positive and negative points are connected with the fact that the source is artesian. The liquid is particularly pure, often it is sold in stores. The level of occurrence is quite deep, under the lime layers, which provides good filtration.

Additionally, you can make a list of the pros and cons of the well and the well

Pros:

High quality water. This is the main advantage. The fluid is not contaminated by sewage or melt water. The main thing is to drill at a considerable distance from sources of pollution. At the same time, a narrow shaft is easy to protect.
The presence of a constant good pressure. The time of year has no effect on this. So, there is enough liquid for several houses at once. The average performance is 50 cubic meters per hour.
Possibility of drilling at any time of the year. But it is important to do this when raising groundwater.
You can choose any place for drilling. You can even equip it in the garage and basement of the house. This way you can reduce the cost of construction and save a lot of space.
Simple service. No need for frequent cleaning. The mine does not silt up, as the water is quite clean.
Durability. Can last up to 50 years.

The disadvantages include the complexity of drilling. Difficult places, boulders can come across. Working from home causes a lot of problems. Space is limited, so it's hard to work.

Installation is expensive. In addition to expensive equipment, you need to purchase mandatory installation elements and special filters.

If dirty, cleaning cannot be performed. It remains to drill a new design.

Some documentation is required. It includes permission, state registration and license. The device does not work without power supply. The installation is afraid of cold weather, therefore it requires insulation.

What to choose - a well or a central water supply

The hosts most often choose the first. But together with an autonomous water supply, the device requires sufficient patience and financial costs. The drilling itself is carried out by professionals. Separate costs require and registration of a license.

Central water supply is most often used for apartment buildings. This option is also possible for mass development. Then the artesian source digs into several sections. Water is supplied to every house. The central highway has a number of advantages.

If it is not possible to equip a well, you can connect to the central water supply

Advantages of central water supply:

No need to equip a well on the site or perform drilling work;
Unlimited water supply;
Maintenance of communications is carried out by special services;
In the event of a power outage, the fluid supply does not stop;
There is no need to equip storage tanks.

The disadvantages of the central highway include the presence of rye and bleach in the water. In the event of an emergency on the central line, the fluid supply is stopped. At the same time, you need to pay for services every month. The connection itself for the private sector is not always possible due to the distance.

The disadvantages of wells are manifested in high cost, the need for additional filtration and the availability of permits.

The very quality of the water in the well source is considered the best. It will last a long time, and the liquid will not lose its characteristics. In addition, pollution, drains cannot get into it.

Use on a number of houses

To save money, you can equip a well for 3-4 houses. But this option is rarely used. The fact is that there are several technological features. You cannot use an adapter, you will only have to equip the caisson. The main advantage is the reduction in the cost of arrangement.

Quite often, one well can be used to supply water to several houses.

Minuses:

First, there are problems with the choice of installation location. Which neighbor will donate his own territory? In this case, the plot can be sold.
Only one will have to connect the well to electricity.
Water is used unevenly. The well is a common option for summer cottages, and some people spend only the summer season there. In the future, the consumption of consumption between neighbors can lead to conflicts.
Financial problems associated with equipment failure.
Well debit. It is impossible to determine the indications in advance. Water may be enough or not enough. In addition, pressure drops are not excluded. It is recommended to equip a pump.
To increase the chances of getting enough water, you can drill a well deeper. But this does not provide any guarantees.

You can find a compromise and negotiate with your neighbors, but not everyone is ready to bear such responsibility. Many summer residents sooner or later refuse such an undertaking.

The arrangement of plumbing in a private house requires effort. First you need to determine the option of water supply. The central water supply system does not have any maintenance difficulties, but the supply of liquid and its quality leaves much to be desired. Better own well or well. But when comparing two options, the first wins.

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Well or central water supply. Well or centralized water supply Cottage which is better well or water supply

All the benefits of centralized water supply

The nuances of connecting a private house to centralized water supply networks.

Disadvantages of using centralized water supply networks

Ways to organize water supply

Features of the central water supply

What should you pay attention to when choosing a central water supply?

The procedure for connecting to the central water supply

Autonomous water supply

The system for arranging autonomous water supply on the site or in a private house

Compare the differences between a well and a central water supply:

The cost of arranging your own well includes:

Features of the central water supply

What should you pay attention to when choosing a central water supply?

The procedure for connecting to the central water supply

Autonomous water supply

The system for arranging autonomous water supply on the site or in a private house

Well and well: differences in device and varieties

Wells

wells

Choosing a place for a water source

Water quality

Amount of water

The complexity of the construction work

Autonomy of water supply

Source durability

Arrangement cost

Laying communications

In which case is it better to equip a well, and in which well

Compare the differences between a well and a central water supply:

The cost of arranging your own well includes:

Sources: what are they?

mine well

How to make a well with your own hands?

Abyssinian well

Features of the device of simple structures

Hygiene

well for water

filter well

Artesian well

Well device features

Water quality control

Making a choice

Pros and cons of well construction

What to choose - a well or a central water supply

Use on a number of houses

What else to read

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