What is the difference between a well and a well. Filter sand wells

The question is what better well or a well - ambiguous and at the same time very serious. It arises in front of everyone who wants to provide their home with the necessary amount of water. good quality. In order to choose a well or a well for a summer residence, you need to understand the issue comprehensively. You need to know exactly what kind of water you need, and how much money you can allocate for this purpose.

In our article, we will consider all the pros and cons, and each person will decide for himself what to choose a well or a well. You will learn what these two types of construction are.

What water is needed

It may not sound strange, but we get different types of water from a well and a well. Therefore, we will consider the difference between a well and a well in this regard. It is up to you to choose between these two designs at your summer cottage. We will try to inform as much as possible so that there is as little doubt as possible about what is better and how it differs - a well or a well.

Unlike a well, electricity is not required to draw water from a well.

When drilling a hole for water intake, the first layer that we stumble upon in the process is perched water. It is located at a depth of about four meters. This is the water that accumulates here as a result of precipitation. The greatest amount of this water is collected when the snow melts. Minimum amount in winter. If you need water for technical purposes, watering plants, it is quite suitable, further drilling is not necessary at all.

In order for the water to be of excellent quality, moisture from this layer should not get inside the structure.

When we drill or dig further, groundwater will already begin. When installing a well, the water level in it will be exactly the same as underground. This layer is replenished by filtering the water that comes as a result of precipitation and snowmelt. River water also penetrates the groundwater. The level is in the range from 10 to 40 meters and depends entirely on the terrain.

The next layer of water, which lies even deeper, is artesian. It is characterized by the fact that it is located between the soil layers under constant pressure, and therefore the pressure is obtained. The pressure can be so strong that when you make a hole, you can get a fountain. Here the water is the cleanest, the layers of soil protect from debris and other types of pollution. But getting to it is not so easy, you need to drill to a depth of at least 40 meters. Therefore, if you want to get well-purified water, it is better to give preference to a well, since it is very difficult to make a well to such a depth. In addition, the well will last longer.

In order for the water in the well to be clean, it must be constantly cleaned and disinfected.

Depending on what you want to get as a result, the advantages and disadvantages of the chosen design are determined. It is safe to say that for technical purposes, watering a vegetable garden, orchard or flower bed, it is not at all necessary to use the purest water. Therefore, it is better to give preference to a cheaper and simpler option, which in this case is a well.

If you want to get an answer to the question, what is better at their summer cottage to get quality water- a well or a well, it is better to give preference to the latter option. She will last longer. If you want to have artesian water, then there is simply no alternative.

Now consider the issue of profitability, as well as terrain.

The arrangement of the well is financially more convenient and cheaper. The depth can be in the range of 15 to 15 meters, but there are designs even deeper. Everything again depends on the terrain and the depth of the water vein.

To get water, the well will be more profitable in material terms, since it is designed to carry out earthworks at shallow depths and without the use of special digging equipment.

An important role in the choice is played by the depth at which we will search and take water. The quality of the water in the well largely determines the climate, as well as how well the work was done.

What is an Abyssinian well (needle well)

The first thing that characterizes given type structures - shallow depth, ranging from 4 to 12 meters. Water of the same quality as in a conventional well.

The construction process differs in that a pipe with a sharp tip is driven into the ground to the desired depth. Despite the shallow depth, the water is in excellent condition, as it is protected from debris and other contaminants.

The disadvantage is that installation is not possible everywhere. In addition, for full functioning, it is required to install a special pump. It sucks up water on its own.

The design has both advantages and disadvantages. We will analyze the Abyssinian well and you will be able to determine whether it is suitable or not.

The first thing that characterizes this type of well is the efficiency in installation. You can make an Abyssinian well with your own hands, which will significantly reduce its cost. A basement or other room may be suitable for drilling. It is protected from the ingress of debris and pollution, since the design is completely sealed. In some cases, the water is even drinkable without prior purification. If properly used, it can last for decades. Can give as much water as needed.

But there is also negative points. It is possible to install this type of structure for water intake only where there are appropriate geological characteristics. The soil must be soft and loose. The water layer must be at least 8 meters, this is necessary so that the pump can cope with its functions, since it sucks in water itself. Such a pump will not be able to take water from great depths. If you do not reduce the pressure, then there is no way to connect several water points at once. It is necessary to constantly use this well, otherwise it will silt up, and over time its productivity will drop significantly.

Manufacturing scheme Abyssinian well

What is a sand filter well

This filter design can be used at a depth of up to 30 meters. You do not need to invest a lot of money to drill such a well when compared to the cost of an artesian well. But the disadvantage is that it can not serve for a long time, very rarely the service life exceeds 15 years. And this despite the fact that this design will be made experienced professionals. The service life increases if water is taken regularly, and, accordingly, it is reduced if water is taken infrequently.

To drill and equip such a well, specialists will need no more than a day. To equip the filter structure, large-sized special equipment is not required. The water is of good quality, the level of iron is low.

But in the cold season, the amount of water that can be taken is much less than in the warm season. If there are other filter stations nearby, the aquifer decreases. To prevent silting, you need to constantly draw water.

if you wish to equip an artesian well for yourself, get ready for the fact that you will have to pay a considerable amount. But such a well will be very reliable. Its depth is more than 30 meters. Drilling work will not be cheap, and besides, you will also need to buy a special pump that regulates pressure.

Despite the high cost of arranging an artesian well, many people want to have it on their site. This is due to the high quality of the water. The design will serve for a very long time. If you cooperate with neighbors and decide to make one well for several houses, its cost will be significantly reduced.

When purchasing equipment, you need to be very careful in choosing it. It must be reliable. Buy only what is made by trusted manufacturers.

The well is characterized by high productivity, since the water yield of limestone is high. Gives water all year round without interruption. The pressure will not be less when connecting several points. The water does not contain any debris as the design is hermetically sealed. It is not necessary to use the well all the time. It can be used endlessly.

Drilling and equipping such a well is quite expensive. Before starting work, you need to get permission. And for this you need to prepare documents.

Emphasis on volume

The level of water in the well depends on the climate and season. The average amount of water that can be obtained from a well is 200 liters. If this amount of water is enough, make a well. But when you need to get water constantly in large quantities- give preference to the well.

Well or well?

We recently became owners suburban area. We can’t decide on water supply in any way: dig a well or drill a well?

Igor Subbotin, Tver

There are several basic options for water supply to a summer cottage (see table). The selection algorithm is simple. In the presence of centralized water supply or local water supply network it is better to connect to it - the water is likely to be clean and drinkable. Self-extraction of water does not guarantee this, which means that you will have to deal with its purification and preparation, which is often very expensive.

According to the current legislation (Law of the Russian Federation "On Subsoil"), an artesian well cannot be drilled without official permission (worth about 30,000 rubles) and its subsequent registration.

But central water supply, unfortunately, is not available everywhere, so you often have to turn to other methods. The best choice is a deep artesian well "on limestone". The probability of obtaining a quality drinking water pretty high. However, it is also the most expensive option. Shallow wells "on the sand" are the most problematic sources of water supply. They often fail, especially with irregular or insufficient water intake. Instead of such a well, it is more expedient to dig a traditional well, which, by the way, will be better in terms of radiation safety - compared to well water, the well contains less radon (important in radon-prone areas).

Options such as imported water, rainfall collection, intake from nearby water bodies should be adopted only when other methods are not available, or used as additional or temporary sources.

All of the listed water supply systems (except for the collection and accumulation of rainwater) can be adapted for both summer and year-round operation.

Looking for professionals

How not to make a mistake when hiring contractors to build a well or a well, so as not to become a victim of non-professionals?

V. Agafonov, Obninsk

If possible, choose an artist by recommendation. Specify how the work was carried out in other areas, how stable the water supply system is, whether warranty obligations are being fulfilled. Unfortunately, in practice, a “paper with a seal” says little: if problems arise related to liability, an unscrupulous performer can simply change the legal entity.

hot news

To not freeze

The builders offer us to make a well with a caisson, which significantly increases the price. Why is this needed? Is it possible to drill a well first, and only then equip the caisson, or do you have to do everything at once?

Olga Zhurbina, Kirov

A caisson is a hermetic insulated well with a depth below the level of winter freezing of the soil. Wells, pipe outlets, etc. are placed in it to protect equipment from freezing, flooding ground water and vandalism. Build it out of bricks concrete rings, metal or plastic. This is convenient, and sometimes even necessary: ​​for example, if the well is located far from home, and it is planned to use water all year round.

Well drilling technology implies the construction of a caisson only after drilling is completed, that is, it can and should be done separately.

5 phrases that should alert you

Unscrupulous, low-skilled or inexperienced performers may promise the following:

1. "We guarantee that the water will be at such and such a depth." In practice, even in the presence of hydrogeological data, the depth of the well or well will become finally known only in the course of work. It may turn out to be either more or less than originally planned.

2. "Water will be drinkable." It is impossible to guarantee this, final conclusions are made only after completion of work and water analysis.

It is better to dig a well in late summer or early autumn, when groundwater is at its lowest. But you can drill wells all year round, but experts do not advise doing this in spring or rainy autumn - the technique will ruin the site.

3. An individual well "on the sand" will work on the site for many years. When using water only in the summer on weekends, such a well usually quickly fails. Conscientious performers recommend making wells "on the sand" collective in order to increase the constant water intake, or include warranty obligations in the contract.

4. "Debit (the amount of water that can be pumped out per unit of time. - Approx. Ed.) of the well" on sand "will increase later, after pumping." This characteristic primarily depends on the hydrogeological features of your area and the depth of the well.

5. “You can put a vibration-type pump in a well or well (“Kid”, “Brook”, “Oasis”, etc.)”. In the case of a well “on sand”, vibration leads to shedding of the walls of the water lens, and in a well, to compaction of the soil and slowing down its filling with water.

To determine the type of individual water supply, it is necessary to take into account all the pros and cons of a well for water. A traditional well and an artesian well are the most popular water supply options in the absence of centralized system, but sometimes it can be very difficult to decide which design is best done.

Well for water: the main pros and cons

AT last years classic, traditional wells and columns are gradually fading into the background and being replaced individual wells for home water supply. Such structures on the site do not take up much space, and their performance is sufficient. high level, which allows you to make your stay in the country as comfortable as possible.

Well advantages:

• obtaining clean and high-quality water without pollution by perch and plant debris;
• its own artesian well and well-needle have been functioning without problems for half a century, and sometimes more;
• the composition and level of water are practically constant, which allows for constant use in significant volumes;
• a properly equipped well will not require regular cleaning, and installing a high-quality filter will completely minimize the need to perform such a procedure;
• operating costs are lower and maintenance is cheaper, and this is the main and very important difference between a well and a well.

The disadvantages of borehole water supply include the high cost of drilling and the need to attract special equipment, casing pipes and submersible pumping equipment. In case of breakdown and failure of the pump, get water manually impossible. Among other things, silting can create big problems.

Well or well: choice (video)

Advantages and disadvantages of a well

Unconditional advantages of arrangement well water supply on the suburban area presented:

• relatively low costs for proper arrangement. The cost of digging without the involvement of special equipment is relatively low, and the price of pumping equipment for the high-quality functioning of the well structure is much lower than the cost of equipment to ensure the well's performance;
• versatility of use, which means that there is no need to use energy-dependent equipment for water extraction. This advantage is very important when arranging a well water supply system in areas deprived of electricity supply.

At proper arrangement structures, wells have a long service life and function for half a century or more. The main disadvantages of wells are the high risk of water pollution, especially in regions with an unfavorable ecological situation and near megacities, as well as the likelihood of obtaining water of not very high quality.

Among other things, problems can also arise during irregular operation, which is due to frequent silting and the need to carry out cleanup measures. Periodically, it is necessary to treat the structure with disinfectants and replace the bottom filter. Even under the conditions of compliance with all operating rules, the performance of the well is most often limited to a volume of 150-200 liters per hour.

How to choose a place for a well (video)

What is better to do in the country, a well or a well

Groundwater aquifers are subdivided into the following types:

• perch, located with a minimum depth, which does not exceed 3-4 m. The level of filling of such a horizon directly depends on the amount of precipitation. Most often, a significant replenishment of the layer is noted during the period of melting of the snow mass, and the minimum amount of water is noted in the last decade of autumn and winter period. The layer, in most cases, is intended to receive a liquid suitable for irrigation activities;
• ground water, the amount of which is not directly dependent on the amount of precipitation, and the water level inside the water intake is equal to the amount in the lens. The filling of the horizon is carried out in the process of soil filtration, and the depth of occurrence can vary within 10-40 m;
• artesian deep pressure water, suitable for filling wells. The horizon is characterized by cleanliness, and is most often used in the water supply of private households. A hydraulic structure can be buried by 40 m or more.

It is possible to correctly determine the depth of the aquifer using conventional exploratory drilling, which will allow you to make a choice the best option hydraulic structure:

• mine wells;
• Abyssinian wells or wells-needles;
• artesian wells;
• filter water intakes.

Most simple option water intake for personal plot is a traditional well, which is optimally suited for use for the purpose of water supply small dachas. As a rule, the standard depth of such a water supply structure does not exceed 5-15 m.

When choosing the depth of water intake and design, it is necessary to take into account the level of occurrence and the filling indicators of the aquifer.

The opportunity to spend a minimum amount of money also speaks in favor of the construction of a well. However, the use of such a water supply structure does not guarantee a sufficiently high water quality. In addition to the depth of the aquifer, it is necessary to take into account the soil features of the area, environmental and climatic conditions, as well as the possibility of observing established technology construction.

The difference between a well, well and column

In addition to wells and various types of wells, in the absence of a centralized water supply, water intake columns are often used, which are distinguished by a relatively simple design installed in a well or directly on the ground, and represented by a valve, an ejector, water pipes, and a column with a special lever.

Despite sufficient performance and visual appeal, such designs have a number of disadvantages:

• mandatory presence in the water supply network is sufficient high pressure that will allow the equipment to fully function;
• the likelihood of water freezing in winter, especially if there is too much water in the system low pressure;
• risk of groundwater or rainwater ingress, even if there is an appropriate valve system that is designed to limit the intrusion of foreign liquids.

The main functions assigned to the column are water intake and fluid supply, which combines such a design with wells and wells.

How to choose a source of water supply for a country house

When choosing a well as the main source of water supply in a private household, it should be remembered that this is quite simple and relatively inexpensive option arrangement of autonomous water supply. To provide access to water, it is enough to deepen the structure by about 30 m. But such a system is at risk of drying out, and the incoming water can be so polluted that even modern purification filter systems can not cope with it. For the purpose of obtaining pure water it is recommended to drill a well.

To use wells of any type, you will need to purchase quite expensive equipment, including a filter system and a powerful pump. A standard sand well is drilled to a depth of 40 m, and sometimes more. The water in such a source is cleaner, and the arrangement process will not take much time, effort and money, but during the period of drought, the water level drops noticeably and siltation can be observed. Water top quality can be obtained from an artesian well, the depth of which often reaches 200 m. The aquifer here is clean and stable, but for the development it is necessary to obtain a permit and license.

How to dig a well (video)

The choice of a source of individual water supply is a very responsible event and requires certain knowledge. Should be considered a large number of factors, including the soil and climatic features of the region, the purpose of water use, the necessary and optimal level performance, availability of electricity, and financial capacity.

Regular water supply is one of the conditions comfortable living person. Centralized communications are usually present in apartment buildings, but private housing construction has to be equipped independently. Of the existing water supply options for suburban areas, the choice is most often made between two sources: a well and a well. These two options have fundamental differences. And it's not just about price. A dilemma arises: a well or a well, which is better for private water supply?

Where does the water supply come from?

Before thinking about the source of water supply, it does not hurt to find out what kind of water this source will supply us. Aquifers can be divided into three types:

• Verkhovodka. The layer closest to the earth's surface. The maximum depth of occurrence is 4 meters. Its fullness depends on precipitation and has its maximum value during the spring melting of snow. The minimum level or complete absence of water occurs in the autumn-winter period. This water is suitable only for irrigation. During the construction of a well or well, this layer must be isolated to prevent it from entering drinking water.
• Ground water. Located below the perch, it is an unchanged aquifer. This means that the water level in the well will be the same as in the rock. Saturation of the ground aquifer occurs due to filtering through the soil of precipitation, river waters and other aquifers. The depth of this aquifer reaches ten, and in some places even 40 meters.
• Artesian waters. They are located between the layers and are under pressure. During the drilling of an artesian well, water rises above the aquifer, in some cases it can gush. Artesian waters protect impermeable layers from pollution. Therefore, it is the most suitable for use. However, in order to “extract” such water, it is necessary to go deeper by more than 40 meters.

Which is better: a well or a well depends on the depth of the aquifer, but the lower the aquifer, the purer the water

The depth of occurrence of each aquifer in different areas is different!

What structure can be built?

For individual water supply, several options are possible:

• well;
• Abyssinian well;
• filter well;
• artesian well.

Well - a cheap option for arranging water supply

The well is the most simple design for water supply. The depth of such a structure varies from 5 to 15 meters, depending on the depth of the aquifer. Building a well is considered the cheapest option for arranging water supply. However, the quality of the water in it depends on climatic conditions and proper construction.

Advantages:

• relative cheapness of construction;
• water supply is uninterrupted;
• accessibility and ease of use;
• there are no problems with the extraction of an accidentally dropped object;
• subject to timely cleaning and correct operation can last up to 50 years.

Flaws:

• the possibility of contamination with top water;
• small amount of water supplied;
• the ingress of foreign objects into the water, which can lead to its infection with bacteria and microbes;
• the need for constant water withdrawal to avoid silting;
• regular cleaning and disinfection is required.

Unlike a well, electricity is not required to get water from a well.

Abyssinian well or well needle

In fact, this is a well with a depth of 4 to 12 meters. From such a structure, the same water is obtained as from a conventional well. The difference is in the method of construction, in which the pipe with sharp end manually hammered into the ground to the required depth.

The water from the Abyssinian well is cleaner due to the fact that there is no access to foreign objects and perched water in the structure. However, the device of such a structure is not possible everywhere. In addition, you will have to buy a self-priming pump.

Advantages:

• construction will not take much time;
• it is possible to equip a well in the basement or other room;
• the tightness of the structure prevents foreign objects from entering the water;
• with rare exceptions, water from the Abyssinian well can be consumed without purification;
• sufficiently high performance;
• in favorable conditions service life up to 30 years;
• it is possible to restore the well after its failure due to clogging of the filter.

Flaws:

• due to the geological features of the area, the device of the Abyssinian well is not possible everywhere, but only on soft and loose soils;
• the water layer must be at least 8 meters, since the self-priming pump used to extract water is not able to lift it from a greater depth;
• the impossibility of connecting several water points without reducing the pressure;
• the need for constant use of the well due to the threat of silting.

An Abyssinian well equipped in a basement or other room does not need to be insulated for the winter

Filter well (for sand)

Its depth does not exceed 30 meters. Drilling such a well will cost less than an artesian well, but it will last a maximum of 15 years. This is provided that the work will be carried out by professionals.

Advantages:

• drilling is done in one day;
• for the arrangement of the well, small-sized equipment is used;
• iron content in water is minimal.

Flaws:

• winter decrease in water loss is possible;
• the arrangement of several similar wells in the neighborhood can lead to a decrease in the aquifer;
• regular use is necessary to prevent silting.

Artesian well - expensive, but reliable

Its depth is more than 30 meters. Drilling an artesian well is expensive. In addition, the pressure under which the water is not always sufficient, so the use of a pump will entail additional waste.

However, the quality of water and the durability of such a structure are undeniable dignity. To reduce costs, you can drill a well for several houses.

Advantages:

• high productivity due to the high water loss of limestone;
• uninterrupted water supply regardless of the season;
• the ability to connect several water points without reducing the pressure, which allows you to use one well for several owners;
• surface water pollution is excluded;
• regularity of use is not important;
• the life of an artesian well is about half a century.

Flaws:

• high cost of building a structure;
• high mineralization of water is possible, especially saturation with iron;
• the need for permits for drilling a well.

Using groundwater without permission is fraught with penalties.

We make a choice with an emphasis on the required amount of water

The saturation of the well depends on the season and climate. On average, the maximum that can be extracted per hour from such a structure is 200 liters. If this amount is enough for you, then you can get by with a well. To provide yourself with uninterrupted water supply in sufficient quantities, you will have to drill a well. However, keep in mind that the sand well must be constantly used, otherwise siltation will occur and the structure will fail.

Financial aspects of construction

Some owners are primarily interested in the question of the price of such facilities. Definitely building a well will be cheaper. More expensive may be its further use. The quality of the water supplied by the well is often unsatisfactory. Therefore, in addition, you have to buy a cleaning system. Plus annual cleaning of the bottom and disinfection.

Sometimes the deep occurrence of groundwater increases the cost of building a well, and quicksand that comes across makes it impossible. You can reduce the cost of drilling a well by agreeing with neighbors on joint use. In addition, the service life of a well is longer than a well. Therefore, the price of the issue is decided in each case separately.

Thinking about what is better for water supply, a well or a well is often guided by the price of building a structure. But do not forget that human health depends on the quality of the liquid consumed. An artesian well can provide the most suitable water for drinking. It will also help to arrange uninterrupted water supply in private housing construction. You choose what is more important to you.