Do-it-yourself Abyssinian well - technology, diagrams, instructions! Abyssinian well - an affordable source of water in a country house Abyssinian well step by step soil layers.

It is very often impossible to connect a small country estate to the central water supply due to the remoteness of the water main. Digging a well or drilling a well is sometimes not affordable, and to build an autonomous system, you need your own source of water.

In such cases, you can equip the Abyssinian well with your own hands - the technology for organizing such a source of water intake is quite simple. Agree, before starting the implementation of the idea, it is necessary to understand the design and principle of operation of the system.

We will tell you how to plan an Abyssinian well, what equipment you will need and how to make an igloo well yourself. Particular attention should be paid to the type of soil on the site.

The Abyssinian well is a simplified version of a well that allows you to get water from the first or second aquifer lying on top. Its design is extremely simple. It is a column of interconnected gas-supply steel pipes with a primitive filter and a metal tip at the bottom.

The thin trunk of the working outwardly resembles an ancient sewing device. Hence the second name: well needle.

The classic method of immersing an Abyssinian well into the ground is done by banal clogging - the simplest method, actively used among independent craftsmen. Clog until the lower pipe with a tip opens the aquifer.

Sometimes the column is partially buried by auger drilling, but renting a manual or mechanical drilling rig significantly increases the budget for the work.

The Abyssinian well was invented and tested in practice during the war between colonial England and Ethiopia in 1867-68. The design proposed by the American engineer Norton tirelessly provided the British troops with water during their movements in the desert.

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There are two main components in the design of the Abyssinian well:

• drilling projectile, including a tip cutting the soil and a shaft, built up in the process of deepening into the soil. The trunk at the same time serves as a channel for lifting water from a depth. Therefore, it is assembled from pipe segments, and not from a steel circle or bar.
• Koper, consisting of a metal tripod and a weighty woman playing the role of a hammer. At the top of the tripod there are two blocks, with ropes stretched through them, to which a woman is tied.

When pulling the ropes, the woman rises to the top of the installation. When weakened, it rapidly falls onto a bollard rigidly fixed on the clogged section of the trunk. The latter performs the function of an anvil, thanks to which the trunk is consistently immersed in the ground.

An alternative option for adapting the water needle to an unsuitable groundwater level is to install a pit. Before driving the column into the ground, a pit is dug about a meter deep, a width convenient for working with a shovel in it. The driving of the rods then begins from the bottom of the pit. The pump in such situations is installed in a pit.

For those who decide to make an Abyssinian well with a pit, information is needed on the structure and condition of the soil layers that lie at the depth of the pit. If the section is composed of sandy loam, loam or their alternating layers, it is not necessary to strengthen the walls of the pit.

Loose, unstable walls of the pit should be strengthened so that the needle wellhead and pumping equipment do not fall asleep with loose soils

If the pit is dripping in the sand, the walls should be reinforced with plank shields or concrete. Sand walls are unstable, they can collapse and fill up the water intake point together with pumping equipment.

Questions about the upper layers of the soil are also needed by those who plan to go through the upper part of the working with an auger. Auger drilling will significantly speed up the process, but may not bring the planned result. For work, they use a simple device - purchased or.

With crumbling sandy walls, an installation will be required, due to which the economic priorities of the Abyssinian well will be reduced.

Installing and operating an Abyssinian well is the simplest and cheapest method of obtaining water from upper aquifers. For the construction of a water intake development, no equipment is required, all stages of work can be easily done by hand.

The invested efforts and insignificant funds will quickly pay off, the Abyssinian well will last no less than traditional water sources. It is important to light up and embody the idea, armed with the information presented by us.

Do you have practical skills in arranging a well-needle on the site? Please share your knowledge or ask questions on the topic in the comments below.

On a personal plot or cottage, far from communications, it is not difficult to build a completely autonomous source of water supply. The Abyssinian well can become an accessible hydraulic structure. Small investment, minimum labor costs, short lead times and simple design will serve you well for many years. A do-it-yourself well-drilled needle, in the presence of pumping equipment, will provide a country house with relatively clean water in the required amount.

Abyssinian type well is a simple device for extracting water from the first aquifer. The device of such a water intake is a shallow and narrow well, the penetration of which is easily carried out using the simplest equipment:

• primitive drill;
• metal profile tripod;
• shock woman;
• blocks for lifting a woman;
• podbabok;
• lifting rope;
• die for threading;
• welding machine.

The equipment includes:

• drilling tool, consisting of a spear-shaped tip, a pipe segment with holes up to 5 mm, support rods and a metal mesh;
• metal pipes with a diameter of 2.5 cm to 5 cm with a wall thickness of 2 mm;
• couplings with internal thread;

In fact, the drilling tool is a filter. When immersed in the aquifer, it does not allow sand to penetrate into the trunk and clog it.

The depth of the Abyssinian driven well is no more than 15 meters. All work on its punching can be done manually.

Well productivity depends on the thickness of the opened layer and is 1-3 m 3 /h.

Construction time - from 3 to 10 hours. Depends on the type of soil and the depth of the aquifer.

Water from a well-needle is raised using a conventional hand pump or by means of a pumping station.

When choosing a pumping station, you should not purchase too powerful equipment. An overly powerful pump is capable of pumping out more water than enters the barrel.

On what aquifer is the well-needle placed?

Most often, the Abyssinian well is built to obtain technical water suitable for irrigation, cleaning the territory and other household needs. Water of this quality usually lies shallow - from 8 meters. To obtain it, it is enough to punch a well to the first aquifer. The water in such a well is quite clean, since at such a depth it has already been filtered through the sandy layers and is protected from pollution located above the clay layer. However, the use of such water for drinking and cooking is still not recommended.

Since the depth of the Abyssinian well usually does not exceed 10-15 meters, the pressure above the underlying layers on the aquifer is not enough for the water to rise to the surface on its own. Therefore, it is necessary to raise it with the help of a pump - manual or electric.

The deeper the aquifer is located, the higher the quality of the water supplied by such a well. Water obtained from a depth of 15 meters or more is usually drinkable after purification. But in such cases, punching a well will most likely require not manual devices, but special equipment.

In order to determine at what depth the aquifer lies, you can take a simple rope with a load and measure the distance to water in ordinary wells located nearby.

Work principles

In the simplest case, water is raised from a shallow depth using a hand pump. The design of the pump for Abyssinian wells is extremely simple.

• Cylinder.
• Piston.
• Suction and closing valve.
• The handle that drives the piston.

When the piston is raised, a vacuum is created, into which it lifts water through the suction valve. When the piston moves down, the valve closes, preventing the water from escaping back. Then the cycle repeats.

Sanitary Compliance

Even if the water for which the Abyssinian well is being built is intended only for watering a garden plot or for any other technical purposes, the established sanitary standards should not be neglected.

The fact is that water enters such a well from the uppermost aquifers. Such water will almost inevitably contain various contaminants. Not far from the well, behind the fence, there may be neighboring cesspools, public dumps. Therefore, the place for the Abyssinian water intake should, if possible, be chosen at the maximum distance from such dangerous areas.

The sources of pollution are often the surrounding fields and other agricultural facilities. From them pesticides, fertilizers, waste of biological origin can get into the water. Also, there is nothing good if your site is located near industrial areas.

In order to determine in advance whether the water will meet sanitary standards, it is recommended to take water samples from nearby wells before drilling the Abyssinian well. Hand over to the SES for analysis for chemical and biological impurities.

The best time to take water samples is late spring. During this period, the earth thaws, is saturated with moisture, and groundwater contains the maximum amount of dissolved substances. In winter or during the dry season, the analysis may be inaccurate and show a lower content of harmful impurities than in reality.

Drilling technology

To open the first aquifer when installing an Abyssinian-type well, you will need:

Instruments:

• Bulgarian;
• electric drill;
• welding machine;
• hand drill (or homemade drilling rig);
• gas keys;
• sledgehammer.

Equipment:

• a set of steel pipes 1-2 meters long;
• metal pipes for making a tripod;
• plastic pipes for water drainage and its distribution over the site;
• disks from the rod for making a woman.

Expendable materials:

• ropes;
• blocks;
• buckets;
• clamps;
• couplings;
• bolts with nuts;
• steel wire;
• metal grid.

Drilling step by step

Step 1. Guided by the principles described above, a place is selected for the Abyssinian well.

Step 2 A hand drill digs a shaft-well with a depth of about 1 meter and a diameter of approximately 80-100 mm. This well will serve as a guide.

Step 3 A filter-needle (drill tool) is installed in the shaft.

For self-manufacturing of a drilling tool:

• They take a metal pipe with a diameter of 2.5 to 5 cm. Cut it into segments 1-2 meters long, which are subsequently connected along the thread with clamps as the well deepens. The joints are sealed with tow, fumlent, oil paint or sealant.
• On the projectile rod, for about half a meter, holes with a diameter of 5-8 mm are drilled in a checkerboard pattern.
• A metal mesh is soldered over the holes to protect against soil and sand. For soldering, it is necessary to use harmless tin, but not lead-containing solders.
• A sharp, spear-shaped tip is welded to the end of the hollow rod. Its diameter should be slightly larger than the diameter of the pipe itself. This is necessary so that the projectile freely, without getting stuck, passes into the hole punched by the tip.

Step 4 The filter-needle is hammered into the ground with the help of a woman. This method is convenient for small diameter pipes (30-40 mm). Baba is made from ordinary barbell disks. Handles and eyelets are welded to it for passing ropes or cables.

Step 5 On the pipe, to which the filter-needle is attached, a subcap is fixed with a clamp. He must take the blows of a falling woman. The weight of the woman depends on the density of the soil. The usual weight is 50-60 kg.

Step 6 Baba is put on a pipe. With the help of a system of cables and blocks, it is periodically lifted and released. When it falls, it hits the podbok and the structure, over and over again, deepens into the ground.

Step 7 As the filter-needle penetrates into the ground, the pods are moved up from time to time and, as necessary, build up the pipe.

In the process of sinking, the shaft is periodically poured with water to soften the punched soil.

A sign that the filter needle has reached the aquifer will be a sharp and noisy drop in the level of water poured into the cavity of the rod.

Further, the Abyssinian well is “swinged”. Rinse with water to clean the filter from clogged soil and sand. To do this, water is pumped into the pipe under pressure. At the bottom, it erodes the aquifer and creates a cavity around the filter, which gradually fills up.

Subsequently, such an operation to clean the well should be carried out regularly.

Arrangement

Upon completion of all work, the well should be equipped. To do this, the space around the pipe hammered into the ground is covered with gravel. On top of the gravel, a blind area is arranged - a concrete platform that rises above ground level. This is necessary in order to protect the Abyssinian well from the influence of external conditions and prevent rain or melt water from entering it.

Since the depth of the well shaft is small, a not too powerful surface-type electric pump can be used to equip it. The suction hose of such a pump is lowered into the pipe, a filter mesh is put on the inlet pipe.

Much less often, submersible systems are used in Abyssinian wells. The fact is that submersible pumps of small diameter, that is, able to fit in a narrow well pipe, are quite expensive. They are mainly used to supply drinking water from deeper artesian wells.

Organization of year-round work

If it is required that the Abyssinian well serve properly all year round, it is necessary to take care of its preparation for the winter period. The easiest way is when the well itself is made right in the house or in a warm utility room.

If the well is located in the open air, then in winter pipes and equipment can freeze and fail. Therefore, the water supply system from the well (pipelines and the pump itself) must be placed either in a building where the temperature does not drop below zero, or build a special caisson.

A caisson is an isolated structure buried in the ground below the level of winter freezing of the soil. It is made of tin or plastic and is protected from contact with the ground by a layer of resistant materials. In this case, the external pipelines must be protected either with passive thermal insulation or with an electrical forced heating system (heated cable).

Do-it-yourself wellbore cleaning

During operation, the well of the Abyssinian well is periodically clogged with a plug of sand, clay, silt. This reduces the productivity of water intake. The quality of the water itself is also deteriorating. Therefore, it should be cleaned once or twice a year. The process is laborious but necessary. There are several ways to do this:

• cleaning the well with a vibration pump of the “Kid” type (if the diameter of the well allows it);
• compressor purge;
• well cleaning with a bailer;
• mechanical cleaning with a scraper and brush;
• mechanical cleaning with a swab (a special device in the form of a metal disc and a rubber valve);
• cleaning by pumping and pumping water with two pumps.

So, building and maintaining an Abyssinian-type well on your own is quite feasible. It does not require special technical skills. At the same time, material and financial investments are not as great as it might seem. But all the costs are more than paid off by the created autonomous water supply system, which does not depend on external sources.

The needle well, also known as the Abyssinian well (AK), is a pipe 40-70 mm in diameter submerged to a depth of 8-10 meters, at the end of which a conical sieve tip is installed. Water intake from such a well is carried out by means of a pump or a manual pump mounted at its mouth.

In this article we will tell you how to make an Abyssinian well with your own hands. You will learn the advantages and disadvantages of such a design, get recommendations on choosing a pump and pipe plugging, and you will also be able to get acquainted with diagrams that explain in detail the process of building a needle well.

1 Device, advantages and disadvantages

The first Abyssinian wells were used in the 70s of the century before last during the British military campaign against Ethiopia. In the dry climate of an African country, the soldiers badly needed a universal source of water supply, the arrangement of which would not take much time. It was possible to make such a source by breaking through a well in the ground with the help of a Norton projectile, which gave almost 2 buckets of drinking water per minute.

The Abyssinian well is widely used to this day, remaining one of the simplest in. The cost of arranging a turnkey needle well varies between 15-20 thousand rubles, about 5 thousand more will need to be spent on a simple surface pump. If, then the total costs can be reduced to 10 thousand. The low installation price is a key advantage of this source, for comparison, the prices for the construction of a conventional well start at 40 thousand.

Installation of the Abyssinian well does not require the use of expensive equipment. The pit breaks through the usual shock-rope drilling, for which the efforts of two adult men are sufficient. The UDC installation can also be done by hand or rented. The depth of the aquifer in the central part of Russia is 5-10 meters, it is possible to drill a well to such a depth in one working day.

The advantages of AK also include:

• long service life, which can reach 30 years;
• the minimum size of the well allows you to make it right in the basement of a house or cottage;
• subject to the installation technology - clean water;
• no need to obtain permits, as is the case with the installation of deeper wells.

This source of water also has its drawbacks. First of all, let's single out its situationality - it makes sense to build such a structure only in coarse-grained sands and bedrocks, in all other types of soil it will have an insufficient flow rate or will quickly silt up.

It is also worth considering that the quality of water obtained from surface layers of soil varies greatly in different places. Such a well should be removed from any sources of pollution, as well as from natural reservoirs at a sufficient distance. (at least 5 meters).

1.1 How to make an Abyssinian well with your own hands? (video)

1.2 Tools and materials for mounting AK

To build an Abyssinian well with your own hands, you will need the following set of materials:

1. Needle - a cone-shaped tip worn on a pipe string, due to the sharpness of which the casing is more effectively hammered into the ground. Increased requirements are put forward for the strength of the needle, so it makes sense to buy it ready-made, however, if you have a lathe and welding equipment, you can do it yourself. The length of the needle should be 15-20 cm, the diameter should be 20-30 mm larger than the diameter of the pipes. The needle is fixed on the pipes by means of a threaded connection.
2. Water intake line - a column of interconnected casing pipes through which water is supplied. Most often, pipes with a diameter of 40-70 mm are used, which are joined together using threads or couplings, the junction is sealed with rubber seals or linen tow.
3. The filter is a perforated pipe installed on the lower section of the line. The filter removes mechanical impurities and sand from the water entering the column. The pitch of the holes is selected based on the specific diameter of the pipe, the average distance is 5 mm. Outside, the section is wrapped with a special filter mesh for wells, which is attached to the pipe by means of a wire.

You will also need a pump to supply water from the Abyssinian well. Here it is necessary to use a surface-type pump, since the diameter of the intake column will not be enough to accommodate submersible pumps in it.

An interesting fact is that even powerful modern surface pumps cannot lift water from a depth of more than 9 meters - this imposes a limit on the maximum depth of the needle well. We recommend buying a centrifugal pump with a capacity of 30-40 l / min and a head of 20-30 m. Give preference to equipment from trusted manufacturers - Grundfos, Gardena, Hitachi. The cost of such equipment varies within 10 thousand.

A special headstock is used to drive pipes. You can buy it, rent it, or make it yourself. When self-manufacturing from a steel square profile, you need to weld a tripod about 2 meters high. At the top of the tripod there should be a block with rollers for hanging the weighting agent (headstock) by means of cables.

The headstock itself can be made from a concrete pipe with a diameter of 10-15 cm. It is also recommended to weld handles to the headstock, which will make it possible not only to drop the weighting agent onto the clogged pipes, but also to help the process manually.

2 What is the needle hole driving technology?

Work on the arrangement of the Abyssinian well begins with the search for a drilling site. It is impossible to hammer a needle on slopes and sloping terrain, since when groundwater is withdrawn, the risk of their landslides increases sharply. It is also necessary to maintain a distance of at least 15 meters from sources of pollution - compost and waste pits, septic tanks, toilets, etc.

Next, the place of driving is marked and the tripod with the headstock is deployed. To facilitate the initial stage of driving, you can use a hand drill by developing a well of the maximum possible depth. Next, the first section of the column (with a tip installed on it) is inserted into the cavity, its verticality is checked and driving begins - the cable holding the headstock is pulled, the projectile rises and falls from the top point onto the pipe, which plunges into the ground from the weight of the falling projectile.

After driving the first section, the coupling is fixed on the pipe, the next section is screwed into it, and the driving is repeated. In the process of immersion, it is important to constantly control the verticality of the entry of the column with the help of a level; at the slightest deviation, it is necessary to put spacers and try to straighten the line.

You may encounter the fact that at different stages of driving the column will sink at different speeds. This is due to the fact that it passes through layers of soil of different density. To soften the course, you can water the soil around the pipes.

After water appears in the well (you can check this by using a bar wrapped in paper lowered on the cord inside the column), it is necessary to rinse the line filter with a strong stream of water so that the clogged earth is removed from the perforations. Do not be alarmed if muddy water flows from the Abyssinian well at first - this is possible during the first day after its installation is completed.

A surface pump can be installed in any convenient place near the well, however, keep in mind that water can only be pumped out with a pump in the warm season, since this technique cannot be operated at sub-zero temperatures. If you plan to operate the well in winter, then it is rational to install a mechanical pump on it (a manual piston pump), which can be bought for 4000-6000 rubles.

Arranging an Abyssinian well with your own hands is a great way to provide water to a summer cottage or a country house. Many people who have heard this exotic name for the first time may ask themselves a natural question: “What is an Abyssinian well?”. This term refers to a simplified version of an autonomous well, deepened only to the upper aquifers. Other synonymous names for a similar aquifer are Norton's well, a well-needle.

Features of the Abyssinian well

A similar well device system was developed by the British in the 19th century to provide water to their colonial armies operating in Africa and Asia.

Today, the arrangement of the Abyssinian well is becoming a fairly popular type of water supply in our country.

Let us consider in more detail what an Abyssinian well is, its advantages and disadvantages. The Abyssinian well-needle differs from other artificial water intake systems in a number of features:

• Its device is possible only in soft soil - loose sand, or sand and gravel.
• The depth of the Abyssinian well usually does not exceed a few meters, rarely up to 10-15.
• Casing pipes are buried not by drilling, but by direct driving into the ground.

The popularity of the Abyssinian well is due to a number of advantages that distinguish it from other types of wells. First of all, it is the simplicity and cheapness of the work. Pipes are buried in the ground without the use of drilling rigs and any other expensive technical means.

For these purposes, fairly simple devices are used in the form of a manual pile driver or even just a massive sledgehammer. Therefore, it is quite possible to make a well-needle with your own hands. If desired, even one person, maximum two, can do this.

Another plus of this technique is the minimum size of the working platform. To install a pile driver with a tripod for driving pipes, you will need a platform of 2.5-4 m 3. This is an important factor when it is required to arrange a well on a personal plot with outbuildings, garden trees and shrubs.

Heavy drilling equipment in such conditions simply will not be able to drive to the desired point, or cause irreparable damage to the landscape of the site. The water in the well-needle is quite clean, since it settles in sandy soils that act as a natural filter.

Preparation of the necessary materials

The set of working equipment, as well as the device of the Abyssinian well, is very simple. To work, you will need the following tools and accessories:

• Steel pipes with a diameter of 1-1.5 inches and a length of 1.5 - 2 m each. The lower pipe, which will be clogged first, must be perforated - through it water will flow into the well.
• A mesh filter worn over a perforated pipe.
• Threaded couplings for pipes of the corresponding diameter.
• Well needle. It is a cone-shaped metal tip and is designed to facilitate the penetration of the pipe. The needle for the Abyssinian well should be slightly wider than the diameter of the pipes. This will reduce their friction on the ground when driving.
• Steel hanging hammer-copra or massive steel "woman". Inside, such a percussion instrument should have a hole slightly larger than the diameter of the pipe. This will allow you to center the blow when lowering the copra.
• put on the top of the pipe. It is made of hard types of steel alloys and serves to prevent flattening of the upper part of the pipe when hit by a driven pile driver.

Driving equipment can be installed on a special tripod structure, on top of which blocks are fixed. A cable is thrown through the blocks, for which the copra is lifted to a height. It is also possible to use the manual method for hammering - an ordinary sledgehammer, or a metal woman with two hands. Threads are wound onto the ends of the pipes to connect them with couplings. During operation, a driving tip is screwed onto the top of the driven pipe.

Choosing a location for a well

Important for the proper functioning of the Abyssinian well is the correct choice of its location.

First of all, the work makes sense if the soil at the well site is relatively soft. If, however, a layer of rock or compressed clay is found in the thickness of the punched earth, then the work will have to be abandoned and try your luck elsewhere.

It is also important to know the approximate distance from the surface to the upper aquifers. The most effective is the Abyssinian well with a depth of 5-8m. The greater depth will make pumping water with a hand pump or most pumping stations problematic. You can determine the closest location of water to the surface of the site by growing herbs and trees. Some plants like moist soil, while others like drier soil.

If such grasses and trees grow on your site in a "wild" state, then the chances of success in constructing an Abyssinian well can be assessed as very high.

Another ancient way to find water is with a vine. Of course, in central Russia it is rather problematic to find a vine, but it is successfully replaced by two copper wires 15-20 cm long, each bent at a right angle. Holding these wires parallel to each other in relaxed hands, go around the area. Where the water comes closest to the surface, the wires will have to cross.

Arrangement

To supply water from the Abyssinian well, either a hand pump or electric pumping equipment is used upstairs. Hand pumps are mounted on top of the topmost pipe that goes outside. Electric pumping stations should be placed in recessed and insulated caissons. This is due to the fact that such equipment can only function at positive temperatures. Freezing of water inside the surface pump will lead to its failure.

Caissons are concrete wells, at the bottom of which the well itself is located. The depth of the caisson is recommended to be lower than the depth of winter freezing of the soil. For different regions of the country, this indicator is different: for the southern Black Sea regions - about 0.5 m, for central Russia - 0.8-1.2 m, for Siberia - 2-3 m.

The caisson should be provided with a tightly closing hatch and insulated.

The Abyssinian well in the well is connected to the pumping device using a hose lowered inside the pipes. The bottom of the caisson should be concreted in such a way that the slope is from the well to the edges of the well. Sometimes, in order to avoid emergency flooding of the caisson with a pumping station, it is equipped with a drainage system.

In this case, the slope of the filler floor should be done towards the drainage hole. When choosing pumping equipment, you need to be guided by the debit indicators of the well, that is, its productivity. If you install an overly powerful pump, it can quickly drain the well, and eventually burn out.

Abyssinian well do it yourself

Consider step by step how to make an Abyssinian well with your own hands.

1. Workplace preparation. The first step, preparing the site, remove the turf. At the place of driving, using a simple garden drill, we make a recess 0.5-1m deep.
2. If a copra is used in the driving process, you should step by step assemble a device for lifting it - a tripod made of bars or metal elements.
3. Pipe preparation. We attach a cone-shaped tip to the first perforated pipe to be hammered and install it in the hole strictly vertically.
4. At the upper end of the pipe we fix the driving tip.
5. We begin to strike at the driving tip with a pile driver or a hand hammer-baba. In pliable sandy soil, pipes go into the soil quickly enough. Using a hammer weighing a quarter of a centner, you can deepen a metal pipe with a diameter of 2.5 cm per meter in just 7-8 strokes.
6. When the first pipe almost completely goes into the ground, we attach the next pipe to it using a threaded coupling, and continue to work in the same way.
7. Clog pipes should be before penetration into the aquifers. One of the most common mistakes when driving an Abyssinian well is the passage of the aquifer through and through. To avoid this, it is necessary to pour water into them when the pipes are deep enough. The upper aquifers are free-flowing and highly porous. The water poured into the pipes will immediately leave through perforations and mesh filters. If everything happens this way, then you have reached the aquifer and you should not continue to deepen the pipes further.
8. A pump is connected to the well and pumping begins. Initially, the water will go cloudy, with an admixture of sand and suspended microparticles. But after pumping 100-200 liters, it will become noticeably cleaner.

Well maintenance

Abyssinian wells are quite durable. With proper care and maintenance, they can last at least 30, or even all 50 years. To do this, you should use the well regularly, without stopping pumping water from it for a period longer than two months. In this case, the water lens around the perforated pipe will keep its cleanliness without getting cloudy or silting.

If you use the Abyssinian well only during the summer season, the pumping equipment will need to be mothballed for the winter. In the spring, the well will have to be pumped in a new way, as at the time of the first launch.

Conclusion and video "Abyssinian well"

Thus, the device of the Abyssinian well is the simplest option for providing a summer cottage or personal plot with water. You can easily equip it with your own hands, with a minimum of money, effort and time. On the video, you can carefully familiarize yourself with all the nuances of arranging an Abyssinian well in your own area.

The most affordable way to organize an autonomous water supply system is to equip an Abyssinian well on a suburban land plot or in the basement of a house.

The finished hydraulic structure provides water supply from the sandy soil layer, so the natural water source has high organoleptic characteristics.

Design features of the well

Not many people know what an Abyssinian well is and how it works. An Abyssinian well is a well up to 10 meters deep without a casing, in which water is supplied by a pump.

The arrangement of the well is carried out by a percussion-rope installation, which is used in private drilling. In this case, the drilling depth is up to 12–15 meters.

The device of the Abyssinian well is reliable and efficient. Structurally, the building consists of the following elements:

• prefabricated water pipe (separate sections of pipes that are interconnected by couplings, and the joints are closed with rubber seals);
• tip - hardened steel needle;
• top filter;
• inlet valve;
• pump equipment.

The water pipe is equipped with a submersible needle tip, in which small holes are made for water intake. In the upper part of the structure there is a filter for water purification and further supply to the consumer.

Wells have the following parameters of structural elements:

• the diameter of the water pipe is from 2 to 8 cm, the length of the segments is 200 cm each;
• needle tip length - from 25 to 32 cm, diameter - up to 1.5 cm;
• pump - surface or manual.

Advantages of an autonomous Abyssinian well

Having figured out what an Abyssinian well is, you can consider the main advantages of this type of structure.

Abyssinian wells have become quite popular and in demand due to their high performance:

• simple and reliable structure design;
• low cost of component materials;
• durability, practicality and safety of the design;
• with a small diameter of a water pipe, a self-made well is not inferior in its technical and operational characteristics to more serious counterparts;
• the well does not take up much space, so it can be equipped even in a small area;
• the structure is equipped with surface pumping equipment, which is more convenient for maintenance or repair work;
• an Abyssinian well made of plastic pipes can be equipped in areas where the organization of a conventional deep well is impossible for technical or other reasons;
• to make an Abyssinian well on your own, there is no need to use expensive equipment and auxiliary equipment;
• it will take 12 hours to equip the well - from the start of work to the receipt of the first liters of clean water;
• a reliable filter provides effective cleaning of the aquifer and prevents its possible silting;
• a do-it-yourself equipped well-needle provides for a continuous supply of water in a volume sufficient for household and drinking needs. The average debit of this type of hydraulic structure is from 0.6 to 3.1 cubic meters per hour;
• the finished structure is subject to dismantling and re-installation in various operational areas.

A distinctive feature of the well is the immersion of the water pipe to an arbitrary depth. This prevents siltation of the structure and the supply of contaminated water with a high content of foreign impurities. In this case, the water in the Abyssinian structure will be of higher quality in terms of chemical composition than in classic large-diameter wells.

The possible ingress of contaminants from the surface layers of the soil into the aquifer is the only drawback of the Abyssinian well. For this reason, it is recommended to carefully choose a suitable location for the construction of a well, away from landfills, sewers and pits, summer showers and septic tanks.

Available ways to equip the Abyssinian well

If professional construction services are expensive, how to make an Abyssinian well on your own? A question that interests many homeowners who have decided to organize an autonomous drinking source on their site.

There are several available ways to equip a well.

Pre-drilling drilling rig

This method is used to develop a well in mobile, aquifer-saturated soil, which is prone to rapid sedimentation and collapse. In this case, the drilling process is combined with the immersion of the water pipe. For work, professional or home-made drills are used - U-shaped structures equipped with a cylinder for collecting and bringing the waste soil to the surface. For the convenience of working with a drill, it is recommended to use an electric or mechanical winch on a stand. It contributes to the rapid extraction of soil from the cylinder and rod of the drilling rig.

Barbell driving

For driving with a rod, special metal hexagonal rods are used, which are lowered into the casing pipe during operation. Each rod is equipped with a thread to increase the length. The workflow involves throwing a downhole rod into a rod to equip a well of the required depth.

Driving with a driving woman

Often, a driving woman is used to equip the well - a rod, to which a cone-shaped tip is fixed with a washer. This design allows you to quickly equip the casing string for the well. In the process of driving, the column is moistened with water, which contributes to the softening of the soil and the easy passage of the device into the depth. After preparing the column of the required depth, the installation of pumping equipment is carried out.

Independent development of the Abyssinian well

You can make an Abyssinian well with your own hands using a simple home-made installation. To perform the work, it is necessary to prepare the following tools and materials:

• electric drill;
• grinder;
• welding installation;
• sledgehammer and hammer;
• set of gas keys;
• a water pipe in sections of 150 cm each;
• cast-iron couplings - for driving pipes, steel - for connection;
• steel wire 0.3 mm thick and mesh (galoon weaving) for the filter;
• sealant for joints;
• check valve;
• pump equipment.

Filter design

A tip with a filter is made from a small piece of pipe (length up to 85 cm), to which a cone-shaped tip is welded. Small holes are made on the surface of the tip for water supply. A wire and a stainless steel mesh are wound onto the pipe with additional fixation on metal clamps in increments of 9 cm.

Well construction technology

The process of driving a pipe into sandy soil is quite simple, but requires a little skill. Experts recommend performing work on the arrangement of a well of this type in the following order:

1. A garden drill drills a shaft of the required depth and diameter. The optimal depth of the structure is determined by the sound method - the passage of clay soils does not create noise, a strong rattle is felt in sandy soils of a large fraction, and a slight rustle in sandy soils of a fine fraction.
2. A water intake pipe is being installed with a phased connection of the segments with metal couplings. Work is carried out until a wet sandy layer appears. Next, a depth check is performed - a small volume of liquid is fed into the casing. If the liquid seeps quickly - the depth is suitable, if with delays - it is necessary to deepen the pipe by 50 cm.
3. Filter installation. A pipe section with a homemade filter is mounted using threaded couplings. The finished structure is immersed to the bottom to the sand layer, and a cast-iron coupling is screwed in the upper part.
4. Next, the check valve and pumping equipment are installed. All elements must form a single sealed structure, otherwise the finished water supply system will not function effectively. To seal the joints and increase the strength of the connecting elements, you can additionally use linseed hemp or oil-based paint.
5. At the end of the work, the hydraulic structure is pumped to obtain clean drinking water. First, an air plug passes, then a cloudy liquid, after which purified water appears.
6. To protect the water intake point from the penetration of pollution and runoff into the mine, it is recommended to concrete a small area around the structure. It should rise above the top level of the soil by 5–8 cm.

Video about the technology of arranging a homemade well-needle.

The main advantage of wells is the reliability of structures and the safety of the arrangement. In addition, they are durable, practical and easy to use.

A do-it-yourself equipped Abyssinian well can be located in a summer cottage, in a garage or cellar. The construction of such a hydraulic structure does not require expensive equipment, and all work can be done independently without the involvement of contractors.