Do-it-yourself well drilling kit. Well for the extraction of drinking water using a pump

An equipped water well is an autonomous and reliable source of water supply for a summer house or a private house.

The organization of individual water supply is not always caused by the lack of a centralized water supply, the reason may be low quality water in the main, interruptions in supply, depreciation of the water supply network, high price water, its shortage, and other factors.

Almost all owners of dachas or country cottages have an autonomous source of water. Another thing is that their choice may differ. Someone prefers a well, someone likes a well.

By the way, it will be useful to know comparative characteristics – .

This article is for those who opted for a well.

It should be noted that wells are divided into two types depending on the depth of drilling.

Types of wells for water

Since do-it-yourself drilling is supposed, we will consider in more detail the arrangement of wells for sand, as the most affordable in terms of independent implementation.

Drilling a well for water - step by step instructions

1. Depth determination

• shallow (up to 3 m) well breaks through if the aquifer is close to the ground surface, and the water is supposed to be used only for technical needs or irrigation. To drill such a well, a drill, a casing pipe and a hand pump are sufficient;

• medium deep (up to 7 m) well provide water suitable for human consumption. In order to drill a well on your own, in addition to the drill, you will need a shovel and time to build a pit. A pit (pit) with dimensions of 1.5x1.5x1.5 is designed to facilitate drilling to great depths. For convenience, it can be reinforced with plywood or boards. After completion of work, the pit falls asleep. Water is supplied by a pump;

• deep (more than 7 m) well, will completely close the need for water for all residents of a private house or cottage. At the same time, there will be enough water not only for individual consumption, but also for technical needs, sanitary requirements, irrigation, maintenance of a pool or pond (reservoir).

In general, the choice of the type of water intake is determined after a geological study of the location of the well organization. We propose to consider the last option - the device of a deep well with your own hands, as the most difficult of those presented.

2. Well drilling methods

The listed types of wells (this does not apply to artesian or lime wells) can be drilled using the following methods (technologies):

Auger drilling using an auger drill.

Core drilling (an annular drill is used). Percussion drilling. In this case, a drill bit is used, which is driven into the soil without excavation. The soil is simply compacted away from the axis of the bit. The chisel is hammered using a tripod with a winch. Percussion rotary drilling. The work of the drill is supplemented by washing out the soil with water. The method is laborious for individual use. Rotary drilling (provided by a mobile drilling rig).

The photo shows a small-sized drilling rig MGB50P-02S with a movable hydraulic rotator manufactured by Horizontal.

3. Water well drilling project

In the event that the depth of the aquifer is known exactly, it can be drilled directly with the size of the drill for the casing. If not, you will first need to find out at what depth the aquifer lies.

Thus, any well is an individual project, which is influenced by the following parameters:

• geological structure of the soil;

• selected drilling method;

• requirements that are put forward to the quantity and quality of water;

• the requirement to maintain the necessary distances to the places of pollution (arrangement of the "sanitary zone");

• depth of the aquifer. Moreover, this does not mean the first vein to which the drill has reached, but the one that will meet the conditions of use in terms of ensuring the debit of the well.

4. Water well drilling tools

Since the shock-rope method of manual drilling is described, its advantages should be noted:

• preservation of most of the useful soil layer in its original state. Those. heavy equipment will not damage the plantings on the site;

• no restrictions on the place of drilling. A hand drill can be drilled in almost any part of the site;

• simplicity of equipment and minimum requirements to the qualification of the driller.

For work you will need:

• shovel;

• drill with a reinforced cutting part. Tip: you can strengthen the drill by welding cutters onto the screw, the role of which can be played by file elements or a metal shank. In addition, cutters can be sharpened using a grinder;

• trolley for the removal of excavated soil;

• pump type "baby" with a hose;

• container with water.

Suitable for furnishing:

• crushed stone or gravel for a pillow;
• steel wire for the filter;
• pipes;
• wire for arranging a bottom filter.

5. Choice of location and arrangement of the pit

With the help of hired specialists or folk methods (dowsing, barometric method, using silica gel, by the amount of dew, exploratory drilling, etc.), we determine the place where the aquifer is closest to the surface.

Next, we dig a hole. This is the development of soil of a certain depth, the purpose of which is to facilitate the process of drilling a well.

Pit arrangement milestone for two reasons.

Firstly, the depth of drilling with a drill is reduced.

Secondly, the possibility of soil collapse around the well is excluded.

The dimensions of the pit are determined by the driller, but usually they are 1.5x1.5 and 1.5-2.5m. in depth. So that the soil does not sprinkle, the pit is reinforced with plywood, boards or metal.

6. First method: tripod - drilling rig

A tripod is a percussion-cable mechanism for drilling water wells. The support structure will be needed in order to facilitate the drilling process through the use of a drill glass.

The tripod can be made of wood (knots are excluded) or a metal pipe (or profile). The length of the beam or pipe should be 4-5 m. How to make a tripod for drilling can be seen in the diagram. Further, a mechanical winch with a cable is attached to the tripod, on which the drill glass is fixed.

Such a drilling rig is compact and has a significant margin of safety. The principle of operation of the installation is simple: a glass falling into the ground absorbs the soil. Depending on the composition of the soil in one stroke, you can select from 20 cm to 1 m of soil. To facilitate the work, you can fill the drilling site with water. From time to time, the drill glass must be cleaned of soil stuffed into it.

Attention: The cable on which the drill is attached must be longer than the depth of the well. Otherwise, it will break off, and the drill will remain at the bottom.

The casing pipe can be installed simultaneously with the advance to the depth or after all the work has been completed.

7. The second method - casing and drill

During the drilling process, you can immediately install the casing. Then its diameter must be greater than the diameter of the drill, so that the drill can move freely in the pipe.

When performing work, you need to constantly monitor the moisture content of the soil being removed so as not to miss the aquifer (otherwise it can be closed with a pipe). The main features are below.

Material prepared for the site site

After an aquifer is discovered, it is necessary to pump out dirty water in order to understand whether there is enough water in a given vein. For this, a submersible or hand pump is used.

If after pumping out 2-3 buckets muddy water, clean still has not appeared, drilling should continue to a more capacious layer.

Important: the pump is not designed for such operating conditions, so after water treatment it may break. It is recommended to use only a high-quality pump.

8. Well casing

Steel or plastic pipes can be used for casing (service life up to 50 years). But the use of galvanized pipes is not recommended, due to the risk of water contamination with zinc impurities.

The meaning of the upset is as follows:

• prevention of shedding of the walls of the well;

• prevention of well silting;

• elimination of the possibility of getting into the well of perched water (water upper layers, melt or rain water);

• eliminating the risk of clogging the well.

The installation of the casing pipe is carried out immediately after the completion of work or directly during the drilling process.

Tip: if the pipes go "creaking" you need to attach a sledgehammer to them.

9. Flushing the well with water after drilling

The installation of a casing pipe does not end there. Now you need to flush the well. To do this, a pipe is lowered into it, through which water is supplied under pressure. Thanks to the pressure of water, a layer of clay and sand will be washed out of the well, which must be pumped out. After the appearance of clean water, it must be handed over for analysis. Requirements for the quality of water from a well are regulated by SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01 (Russia) or DSanPіN 2.2.4-171-10 (Ukraine). If the water quality is satisfactory, work can continue.

10. Bottom filter for sand well

The purpose of the filter is to protect the pipe from silting.

How to make a filter for a well?

You can make a slotted filter with your own hands, for this you need to make notches (cuts) with a grinder at the end of the pipe.

Tip: for notches, you need to use a thin disk (0.8mm). Pay attention - many notches will weaken the pipe.

Alternatively, you can drill holes in the pipe. Next, the place of notches / drilling must be wrapped with wire or mesh. Lay the filter obtained in this way on a crushed stone pillow, the filling of which will prevent the filter from silting up. Tip: the diameter of the filter pipe should be smaller than the diameter of the main pipes in order to be able to dive into the well without problems.

by the most simple option there will be a purchase of a ready-made filter.

Important: without a filter, the well will not work for long. Its absence is justified only in deep water wells (more than 40 m)

11. Well debit for water

To get a complete picture of the capacity of the well for sand, you need to wait a day, and then check the level of incoming water. If the incoming water is sufficient for the needs of users, the distance between the soil and the casing can be filled. The pit is also buried.

12. The buildup of a well for water after drilling

This mandatory step. To perform buildup or simply final cleaning of the well, you need to install a high-power centrifugal pump and periodically pump out water for 1.5-2 weeks.

Tip: You should decide in advance where the pumped water will be redirected.

13. Drilling a water well with your own hands - video

Manual technology using the shock-rope method of hole punching.

14. Installing a pump for a well for water

Please note that surface-type pumps are not intended for installation in a well. Due to the depth limitation of 8 m. For these purposes, only a submersible pump is suitable - centrifugal or vibration. Each of the subspecies has its own advantages, and the final choice can be made by analyzing the influence of such factors as:

• well depth;
• water level in the well;
• casing diameter;
• well debit;
• water pressure in the well;
• well pump cost.

15. Putting the well into operation

If drilling a well under water was not carried out independently, but with the involvement of a third-party organization, then before accepting work, you need to require the following documents:

• hydrogeological conclusion on the possibility of implementing a water well project;

• well passport;

• permission of the sanitary and epidemiological station (checks the quality of water and the compliance of the sanitary zone with the requirements);

• certificate of completion.

If all the work will be done independently, then the main thing is not to rush, but to withstand the technology and comply with all key points water well drilling process. However, do not forget that only the use quality materials(in particular, pipes and a pump) will be the key to the long-term functioning of the well.

Any Vacation home and the dacha must have water. Wells are out of fashion, and drilling water wells with your own hands is quite laborious. Trees cannot grow without water, flowers cannot bloom without it. No plants will bear fruit if they are not watered in sufficient quantities. But a do-it-yourself well without equipment with its ingenious devices may well be drilled in any area.

Drilling wells with hand tools

Any owner is able to drill a well with his own hands under water. For this, you do not need to have drilling equipment. There are several ways to work without using it:

• arrangement of a conventional well;
• a well drilled into the sand;
• artesian well.

A good well can store up to 2 m³ of water. A well with a pipe diameter of 100 mm, having a depth of 20-30 m, has a filter mesh at the bottom of the column. The depth of such a structure can reach 50 m. The service life is up to 15 years. Artesian well extracts water from layers of porous limestone, occurring at a depth of up to 200 m. Its service life is 50 years. The more often a structure is used, the longer it can last.

To drill a well with your own hands, you need:

• shovel;
• borax;
• drilling tower;
• rods for lengthening drills;
• winch of any type;
• casing pipe of the required diameter.

Drills are needed for drilling directly. They are of different types. Spirals are used on clay soils. On hard soils, a drill bit is used. On sandy - a drill-spoon. The tower is necessary for lifting the drill together with the rods and for the return descent after cleaning and building new rods. If the well is shallow, you can do without a tower. Rods can be used homemade. They are made from pipes, providing for fastening to each other using threads or dowels.

A drill is attached to the lower bar. Its cutting edges can also be homemade. They are made of steel 3 mm thick. They need to be sharpened so that when the drill rotates clockwise, they crash into the soil. The pitch of the helix must be equal to the diameter of the drill. The lower base of the tool is 45-85 mm, the cutting blade is 258-290 mm.

The drilling techniques themselves are simple. If a tower is used, then it is installed above the selected location. Its height should slightly exceed the length of the drill rod. For a drill, a recess is dug with a simple shovel. The initial turns of the drill can be done alone, then the additional strength of the assistant is needed. After deepening the drill to a certain depth, it is pulled out. This should be done approximately every 50 cm. If the drill is difficult, it is recommended to wet the ground with water. When the handles reach the ground level, the entire column is taken out and built up with the next bar. After that, work resumes.

A do-it-yourself well is drilled for water until it reaches the aquifer, which is characterized by wet ground. Then a hard layer is reached. Drilling is completed, the well in the country is almost ready. Casing pipes are lowered into it. hand pump dirty water is pumped out, which is usually 2-3 buckets. If pure water does not appear, another 1-2 m of soil should be drilled. This is not the only way.

Other drilling methods

You can drill a well under water using a hydropump and a drill high power. A drill with handles for 2 people turns the drill, a hydraulic pump soaks the soil. There is a shock-rope technology. To use it, a tower is required. The rock is broken with a special steel glass, which falls from the tower. The higher the height, the better. The tower is made of pipes or logs. It is necessary to equip it with a winch or a winch to lift the glass. The glass can be made from a steel pipe, equipping it with a device for cutting soil. About half a meter above, a hole is made to extract the soil from the glass.

A strong cable is attached to its upper part. On it, the glass will rise from the well. You need to clean it from the ground every 50 cm of immersion. The casing pipe can be asbestos-cement, steel or plastic. It is designed to protect the well from soil shedding and from the ingress of dirty water from the upper layers of the earth.

How to drill a well with your own hands, we found out. You can do this yourself, but you can also order work from special organizations. Do-it-yourself well construction should be as follows. At the bottom of the drilled well under water, you need to lower a pipe with a filter made using a fine mesh. From above, the entire structure is closed with a sealed cap. A pump for pumping water is placed in the pipe. Pumps can be used in different types. The main condition is that their diameter must be less than the diameter of the pipe. It is recommended to choose a place for water extraction away from septic tanks, cesspools and heaps of garbage.

When the work associated with drilling is completed, they proceed directly to the arrangement of the well itself. The arrangement of a well for water on its own begins with the descent of a pipe with a filter and settling tanks. The filter is the main part of the entire column. It can be purchased at the store or made by hand. To do this, cuts or holes of small diameter (5-6 mm) are made in the pipe. They are made for up to 2 m. Files can be made with a grinder with a disk up to 0.8 mm thick. Water passes freely through them, while sand and other inclusions are retained. The place of application of notches or holes is wrapped with wire or cloth. This will prevent the filter from silting up.

The service life of such devices is approximately 15 years. Regular rinsing with clean water is required.

Pumps with an immersion depth of up to 9 m need the simplest ones. For greater depths, submersible pumps are used. You also need a head with leads to the house, to the site, to the bathhouse and to other places.

Conclusion on the topic

Well in the country or on suburban area- this is what their owners dream of.

If the water level in the area is above 5 m, then drilling a well and installing equipment will be very simple.

For work, you can get by with one garden drill and extension rods. How to equip a well? This requires pumps, heads and filters. All this can be done by hand. The equipment for the well pays off in full after about a year of its operation.

Water in a summer cottage or in a private house is a necessary resource, which is impossible to do without. However, the organization of a common water supply is often impractical. Due to the remoteness of land holdings from each other centralized water supply- an expensive pleasure. An individual source of water is easier and cheaper to use. However, first you need to organize it. Own well will provide its owner with confidence that household needs plot and housing will be satisfied. At the same time, the owners do not have to pay for water supply, counting each cubic meter of water spent. It is difficult and expensive to dig a well, but drilling a well on your own is realistic if you are familiar with the drilling technology and the type of well device.

Types of wells and their features

Before drilling, the territory of the site must be explored, determining the level of occurrence ground water. The amount of work that will need to be done in order for the well to become water-bearing will depend on this parameter. The type of well is chosen, precisely taking into account the depth of the water-containing formation.

If water occurs at a depth of 3-12 m, choose the type "". For depths up to 50 m sand well, and artesian, if the water lies in the ground at least 200 m. Almost every summer resident can manually perform the first two types, but an artesian well will require a drilling rig and professional drillers.

Drilling a sand well by hand

This type of source involves pumping water from a depth of up to 50 m. A sand well is so called because it "produces water" from a water-containing sandy layer of soil, which is usually just fifty meters deep. This depth does not guarantee the purity of the water, so it is recommended to periodically check the contents of the well in the sanitation station for the presence of organic and chemical compounds.

To organize a sand well, a classic scheme with a pump is used. And to purify water from suspensions and debris, they use a filter installed at a depth. The filter needs to be cleaned regularly. The service life of a sand well is about 15 years.

Organization of the well "Abyssinian well"

This is the simplest well-needle in execution. It is shallow, so you need to take care of carefully choosing a place for it.

Nearby there should be no septic tanks, garbage heaps, cesspools and sewage pits. Due to the small depth, harmful substances can seep into the source, polluting it.

If there are no pebbles and other hard rocks in the soil, well drilling can be carried out in the area around the house or right in the basement of the house. The well in the basement is convenient to use even in cold weather. A home well is equipped with a hand column and a pump so that water can be used, regardless of the availability of electricity.

Drilling an artesian well

Provided that there are already wells of this type in neighboring areas, there is a high probability of occurrence of water in the limestone layer in this area. In other cases, drillers are ordered an experimental well to determine the depth of water. An artesian well can provide water to several sites at once. Often drilling is ordered in a pool to save money and get the desired result.

The choice of the type of well depends on the type of soil and the planned amount of water consumed. An Abyssinian well and a sand well will provide a good low flow. And if the flow rate is from 10 cubic meters per hour, you will need to arrange an artesian well. It is better to drill any well away from potential pollutants and close to home so that there are no problems with laying water pipes.

Drilling equipment and tools

When drilling artesian wells, drilling rigs are used by professionals. For smaller wells, a conventional tripod with a winch is suitable. It will lower and raise the drilling tool, consisting of a core barrel, drill rods, a core for drilling, a drill.

Special equipment, without which it is problematic to make a well, is a drilling tool that will help you go deeper into the ground (auger), a tripod and a winch. To drill a well with your own hands, you will need a metal auger. An ice drill, which is used during winter fishing, can act as an auger. The main thing is that the drill should be made of high-strength steel. This is the most cheap option well drilling. In addition to the tripod, you will need pipes of different diameters (water pipes, hoses, casing), valves, caisson, filters, a well pump.

Drilling work: stages

1. First you need to dig a hole or a pit, the dimensions of which are 150 by 150 cm. In order for the recess not to crumble, its walls are lined with plywood, boards, pieces of chipboard. Another option is to dig a trunk with a diameter of 15-20 cm and a depth of 1 m with an ordinary drill. This is done so that the pipe is more stable in a vertical position.

2. A strong metal or wooden tripod is placed directly above the recess (it is called a drilling rig), fixing a winch at the junction of its supports. Log towers are more common. A drill column with one and a half meter (with self-drilling) rods hangs on a tripod. The rods are threaded into one pipe, fixed with a clamp. This design is used for lifting and lowering equipment.

The pump is selected in advance in order to determine the diameter of the future well and core barrel. The pump must pass freely into the pipe. That is why the difference between the diameter of the pump and the inner diameter of the pipe must be at least 5 mm.

Descent-ascent of drilling equipment - and there is drilling a well. The bar is rotated while hitting it from above with a chisel. It is much more convenient to do this together: the first turns with a gas wrench, and the second hits the bar from above, breaking through the rock. Using a winch simplifies the process: it is much easier to lift and lower equipment into the well with it. The rod is marked during drilling. Marks are required for orientation. The markings help you determine when it's time to pull out the rod and clean the drill. It is usually recommended to do this approximately every half a meter.

3. To make it easier to overcome different layers of soil, special drills are used.

• spiral drill (otherwise, coil) - for clay soils;
• drill bit for loosening hard soils;
• drill spoons for sandy soil;
• bailer helps to raise the soil to the surface.

4. The sandy layer is easier to pass with a drill spoon, adding water during drilling. If the ground is hard, use a chisel. Drill bits are cross and flat. In any case, their purpose is to help loosen hard rocks. Impact method overcome quicksands.

With clay soil, you will need a coil, bailer and drill spoon. Serpentine or spiral drills pass clay soils well, because they have a design similar to a spiral, and the pitch of the spiral is equal to the diameter of the drill. The size of the lower base of the drill is from 45 to 85 mm, the blade is from 258-290 mm. Pebble beds containing gravel are punched, alternating bailer and chisel, with casing pipes. Sometimes you can not do without pouring water into the hole. This can significantly simplify the task of drilling a well. The option of drilling a well with a pump also deserves consideration.

Soil drilling process

5. If the rock brought to the surface has become important, then the aquifer is already close. It takes a little more depth to cross the aquifer. Drilling will become noticeably easier, but you can not stop. You need to find a waterproof layer with a drill.

Well construction and buildup

After the desired depth is reached, the next stage begins - arrangement. A filter column is lowered into the finished well, consisting of a pipe, a sump and a filter. You can make it yourself from a filtration mesh, perforation and casing, or use a ready-made, store-bought sand filter for a submersible pump.

To strengthen the pipe, the space behind it is covered with crushed stone of a 5 mm fraction or coarse sand. The backfill must be above the level of the filter. Filter - essential element any well. The main function of the filter is to protect against sand and large impurities. In parallel with backfilling, water is pumped into a pipe with a sealed upper end. This manipulation helps to flush the annulus and the filter. After washing, a natural barrier for large impurities is formed. Gelling a well with a bailer or screw pump means that water is pumped out of a fresh well until the water is clean and clear. This stage is called buildup. For her most often use an electric centrifugal pump. The advantage of this mechanism is that it can pump high-density liquid media. Usual household pump also acceptable, but it will require more effort and time. In case of problems with the power supply, it is possible to use a hand pump.

After pumping on a safety cable, the pump is lowered to a depth (see the picture above). They connect to it water pipe or hose, diameter 25 or 50 mm. The choice of diameter depends on the capabilities of the well - the amount of water that can be pumped out of the well in a certain period of time.

If applicable metal pipe, the pump is not fixed. Instead, a waterproof cable is attached to the pipe from the pump.

Well pump. Peculiarities

To select a pump of the correct power, it is necessary to take into account such parameters as:

1. well debit, indicators of its depth;
2. casing diameter;
3. remoteness of the well from the house.

The required pump power directly depends on these parameters. At a shallow depth (up to 9 m), a self-priming surface pump will do, in other cases a submersible borehole pump will serve well.

After the pump is immersed, a pipe is brought out into the wellhead equipped with a caisson, welded to its head. A valve is installed on it, which will open the way for water up and regulate the flow. With an excessive water intake rate, an unproductive well will quickly dry up, and the pump, working idle, will fail. Pipes are connected in the caisson, which will be the conduit to the room. For them, it is required to provide waterproofed and insulated trenches. You can read about how to choose a pump for a well, but about how to choose a pump for a well -.

Well operation

Wells of all types need timely cleaning. Signs that an aquifer needs service can be: jerks in the water outlet, the presence of air plugs in the flow, impurities (silt, sand). If maintenance is missed, well productivity may no longer recover. To restore normal functions, the well is purged with a water or air compressor. More radical methods cleaning - with acid or electricity. However, these methods are risky and are best left to professionals.

Tips for those who make a well on their own

Before starting work, it would be good to ask your neighbors about the level of water in your area. If there are wells nearby, look there.

The water level above 5 m is good news, because the only tools needed for drilling are a garden drill.

A small-sized drilling rig or a mechanical drilling device - "handbrake" can be rented. This way you will be able to use convenient equipment and don't pay a lot of money for it.

Do not lower the water pipe into the well to the very bottom. It should not reach the deepest point of about half a meter. This way the water will flow better.

The pipe leading to the well must have ventilation holes on the surface, otherwise, without air, the water will quickly become stale. It is convenient to equip a hinged cover on the pipe so that there is constant access to the well.

The most convenient for well equipment is a one-piece plastic pipe.

After the well has earned, be sure to give your water for examination. Water is recognized as drinking water if its transparency is at least 30 cm, nitrate content is not more than 10 mg/l, less than 10 Escherichia coli per 1 liter, and the maximum odor and taste score is 3 points.

Disadvantages and advantages of manual well drilling

Advantages: low cost; no need to drive to the site of bulky special equipment; due to the relatively small depth, home-made wells are pumped faster, less dragged out; if there is no electricity, water can be obtained with a manual suction pump.

The main disadvantage of self-drilling is the limited depth, the lack of specialists who can help maintain a home-made well. Thus, after reading this article, we hope that you will have no questions about how to drill a well with your own hands.

In areas where urban water supply does not function, the problem of water supply is one of the main ones. Water is needed in the country. Irrigation of plants, domestic needs, cooking - are not possible without it. The well is the most best option getting moisture in the garden. Moreover, it can be done in the shortest time and without significant financial outlay. The main thing is to pre-designate the place most convenient for drilling.

Methods for searching for water, establishing the depth and installation point of the well

If there are no obvious signs of water occurrence in the garden (area with lush vegetation), you need to look for it yourself. There are many methods of reconnaissance, we will analyze the most effective ones.

Soil water covers

In the soil, as a rule, there are three or more aquifers, divided among themselves by solid rocks, the relief outlines of which can differ significantly.

1. The upper one is located at a depth of about 25 m. It is formed due to the accumulation of water from melted snow and precipitation. Suitable only for technical needs, as it may contain fertilizer residues and other unwanted chemicals. elements.
2. The middle (ground) goes immediately after the first. The water extracted from this layer has a stable chemical composition and suitable for consumption.
3. The lower one (artesian) is located 40 m deep. Not every drilling rig will drill such a well, and it will be very expensive. But the waters of the artesian layer are distinguished by exemplary taste, organoleptic and biochemical qualities.

Based on this, we can conclude that a depth of 25-40 m is suitable for obtaining high-quality water. It will be possible to determine more precisely only during drilling, when sampling. It should be taken into account that on summer cottages located in lowlands or close to rivers and lakes, the groundwater level can be much higher (10 to 15 meters deep).

Search methods

• Silica gel. Bags of balls are usually placed with shoes to absorb moisture, and can also be bought at hardware stores. In the dried state (in the oven or in the sun), the balls are buried for a day in the ground, after being placed in a clay container (1m) in the place where it is planned to drill for water. After the specified time, the container is weighed, and the heavier it is, the closer the liquid is.
• Barometric. 0.1 mm Hg barometer ( any will do, capable of showing elevation differences) shows a difference in elevation of 1 meter. That is, you first need to take measurements on the shore of the nearest reservoir, and then compare them with measurements directly in the selected area. The difference between the air pressure drops in both places will be an indicator of the depth of groundwater. It will be much more convenient to use an electronic downhole cable level gauge.
• Pre-drilling. Ordinary garden drill with a screw diameter of 30 cm will be enough to decide on the choice of a place for a future source. It should be noted that you will have to go deep by 6-10 m, so take care in advance of increasing the length of the handle. It is recommended to remove the soil every fifteen centimeters of the recess. It is necessary to perform the action before the appearance of water in the mixture to be extracted. This is one of the most reliable search methods, but it requires a lot of work.

Determination of a place for a well

It is not advisable to choose a place for a well near sewer facilities, cesspools, garbage heaps and other sources of pollution. It is recommended to maintain a distance of 25-30 meters from them. Elevated terrain is best so that the pump does not flood.

How to drill a well on the site with your own hands

Many summer residents prefer to hire a team of people who have the appropriate equipment at their disposal, instead of trying to drill a well on their own.

In fact, the process is not difficult. It is only necessary to understand the sequence of actions, prepare the entire necessary inventory and get to work.

Subspecies of borehole structures

Regarding the depth of drilling, the volume of water produced, its quality and service life, there are the following types of structures:

• Sandy or filter. It is a pipe with a diameter of 100-130 mm, deepened by an auger into the sand by 20-30 m. At the lower end of the riser, a grid of of stainless steel, acting as a filter. Such a design will last from 5 to 15 years, depending on the frequency of use: the less often it is used, the less it will function.
• Artesian or unfiltered. This is a catchment underground structure for the extraction of water from limestone porous rocks. The depth of a well of this type is from 20 to 200 m, and the service life is at least 50 years. In comparison with the previous type, it is practically impossible to dig an artesian well with your own hands, since a special drilling machine is needed for this purpose.

Do-it-yourself well drilling methods

To date, there are several common methods for extracting water with your own hands.

Manual drilling of wells for water

It is used for drilling wells up to 25 m deep.

Required Tool:

• drill (its head is attached to the lower rod);
• rods (can be made from pipes by connecting them with dowels or threads);
• winch;
• siege pipes;
• drilling tower (if the well is planned to be deep, it will raise / lower the drill with rods).

Stages technological process:

1. Setting the tower to a height of 50-70 cm above the level of the bar (to make it easier to remove).
2. Digging a hole for a drill (depth - two bayonet shovel).
3. The initial rotation is easy, and then (as you dive) you will need extra pair working hands.
4. To facilitate further entry of pipes, you can try to moisten the soil with water.
5. Every 50 cm, you should raise the drill to the surface and clean the blades from the ground (since this takes a lot of time, you should try to grab as much soil as possible for each lift).
6. You need to continue until the head falls into the waterproof layer.
7. The slurry is pumped out with a submersible pump (AL-KO Drain 7000 Classic is suitable) until a clear liquid appears.

Hand drilling wells for water has its advantages: low cost and no violation of the structure of the land cover. However, the dimensions of such a structure (what is the depth, what is the diameter) do not allow a significant amount of water to be stored, and the service life does not exceed a decade.

Drilling a well for water using the shock-rope method

It consists in crushing rocks with a heavy object (driving glass), which is suspended by a rope from a makeshift tower and falls down.

Before you drill a well with your own hands using a shock-rope method, you must:

1. Make a tower. It is made in the form of a tripod steel pipes or wooden logs. The structure should rise above the projectile by 1.5 meters in height.
2. Prepare a driving glass. At the end of the steel pipe is installed cutting edge(a knife resembling an auger), and a little higher (about 50 cm) a hole is cut out to extract the earth. Top part the projectile is attached to the tower with a cable.
3. Pull the rope, which will set the installation in motion with a winch. Then the same cycle occurs as in the previous method.

The shock-rope extraction of water lasts a long time and troublesome, but is the cheapest way.

How to choose a well pump yourself

Before you drill a well for water yourself, you need to carefully select the equipment. Since the diameter of the hole in the water well is not large (110-130 mm), the only option for supplying water to the surface is a pump. But it is difficult to make a choice in favor of a particular unit, since manufacturers provide consumers with a wide selection of products. Before proceeding with the selection, it is necessary to carefully study not only the passport characteristics of the pumping apparatus, but also the features of the well device.

Options for selecting a specific model:

• Round the clock water supply. If you have an average family of 3-4 people, a pump with a capacity of 30-60 l / min will be enough, without taking into account the additional cost of watering and irrigation. If there are such needs, a more powerful device will be needed.
• Source depth. It is not difficult to make accurate measurements. To do this, it is enough to tie a piece of metal or a small stone with a strong thread and sink it to the bottom. After that, you will have to measure the length of the wet and dry part of the "meter", and determine the total height of the riser. With respect to it, a model should be selected (depth for submersible pumps indicated in the passport).
• The rate of residence of water (debit). You pump out all the water, note the time for the liquid to leave, and then for filling, divide the first value by the second and get the result.
• Piping pipe diameter. When drilling water wells, you need to consider that most pumps are designed for a four-inch opening.
• Construction quality. Choose a unit designed specifically for wells, as they are equipped with fine mesh filters. Otherwise, you will have to change it soon, because it will not be able to cope with blockages (for example, washed sand) and will quickly fail.

Types of pumping stations

According to functional features All units are divided into two groups.

Surface

They are installed on the surface of the earth. A pipe or hose is attached to them ( better pipe, the pressurized hose may be pinched and water cannot circulate). The main advantage is that it is easy to install and operate. Centrifugal models are best suited (vibrating ones are not designed for pumping dirty water and are capable of destroying the source walls with vibration), such as Optima JET80S, Pedrollo PLURIJET 4/200.

Surface pumps have more advantages than submersible ones. They have more power and protection against overheating. Since they are larger (their size is not limited by the parameters of the well), they have more advanced filters, and they cool better. In addition, they are easier to lubricate or remove when repairs are needed.

Submersible

Suitable for pumping water from 40-70 meters deep. They are placed at the bottom of the tower and from there they push the liquid up. Characteristics of a certain pumping system are determined by the consequences of the measurements made. To do this, using the method described above, a rope with a load is lowered into the well. Add 3-4 m to the remaining dry part - this will be the height of the expulsion of the water jet. If it is up to 40 m, a unit with low power(indicated in the passport data), and if higher - select a high-power pump.

The best choice a fully automated device will become: in case of overheating or a voltage drop in the mains, it turns itself off. Models: Pedrollo 4SR8m/13 - PD 2.2, WILO TWI 5-306 EM, Gardena 6000/5.

Outcome

You can drill a well yourself without the use of rented expensive equipment. Let you spend a little more time drilling and arranging the source, but you will end up with a high-quality, do-it-yourself structure.

Please select a pump Special attention, since the hardware part is very important when working with water. Really needed quality device easy to repair and maintain.

Of course you can drill your own well. Just for starters, you need to have an idea of ​​\u200b\u200bhow this is done and what kind of water you want to get in the end.

Some people think whether it is possible to make it in a well. Theoretically it is possible, but not necessary. It will just incur additional costs. It is better to install it near the well.

Let's go through the process of doing this work step by step. You will be offered instructions, you can also see everything from photos and videos and understand how it is done. After all, there is a rather high price of the issue, this quality water in the House.

Types of wells

Drilling a well in the country is not so difficult. Its price will depend on the depth of the water. A sand well will be much cheaper from and this should also be taken into account.

Well on the sand	Done to a great depth. Therefore, it is quite possible to do all the work with your own hands and this will significantly reduce the cost of your venture. Before starting work, you should find out what quality the water is at a shallow depth. To do this, it is best to take a sample from the neighbors and take it for examination and check the quality. We will give the parameters below.
Artesian well	Suitable for the place where you live permanently. This water is of better quality. But the work will cost more. Here it would be better to hire a specialized organization. And immediately it will be necessary to provide for its cleaning. It is located in the calcareous layers and therefore has increased content gland. Immediately provide for proper filtering.
Abyssinian well	Abyssinian well or tubular, has a depth of about 8-12 meters. Its difference is that the water in it is much cleaner. Here the top water does not get in, just as dirt and dust cannot penetrate;

Attention: If you do not live permanently in the country and you only need water for irrigation, then you can safely make such a design.

Determining the quality of water

Water in a well or well is considered drinking water in the following cases:

• When the water is clear thirty centimeters deep;
• When nitrate impurities do not exceed 10 mg/l;
• When one liter of water contains no more than 10 Escherichia coli;
• When the taste and smell on a five-point scale, water is estimated at least three points.

To determine these indicators, water must be subjected to laboratory analysis in the sanitary and epidemic service.

How to drill a well

Let's analyze this process from a theoretical point of view:

• Work begins with digging a hole, whose depth and diameter must be at least two meters, or a side of one and a half meters. This measure prevents further shedding of the soil of the upper layer.
• The pit is strengthened with plank shields. Further, with the help of a column and a drilling rig, a well is drilled. The drill column is suspended on a tower at the central point of the future well.
• The drill string consists of several rods, which, with the help of adapter sleeves, are lengthened during the drilling process. The drill head is mounted at the end of the column.
• The tower is mounted from logs, steel pipes, a channel or a corner, which are made into a tripod, at the top of which a winch is attached.

Attention: If the water is shallow, drilling can be done without a tower. In this case, special shortened rods one and a half meters long are used. If you cannot do without a tower during drilling, the length of the rods in this case should be at least three meters.

What to drill

The equipment and method of drilling is selected based on the type of soil. The tool used must be made of carbon steel.

Drilling is carried out using the following drill heads:

• For drilling in clay soils, a drill is used in the form of a spiral with a base of 45-85 mm and a blade 258-290 mm long.
• At impact drilling use a drill bit. The drill can have a flat, cruciform and other shapes.
• Drilling in loam, sandy clay or clayey sand is carried out using a spoon drill made in the form of a spoon and having a spiral or longitudinal slot. This drill has a diameter of 70-200 mm and a length of 700 mm and deepens for a passage of 30-40 cm.
• Extraction of loose soil is carried out with the help of a drill-bailer using the impact method. The bailers are made from a three-meter pipe and have a piston and normal view. Inside the bailer should have a diameter of 25-96 mm, outside 95-219 mm, its weight should be 89-225 kg.

Drilling is a cyclic process, periodically accompanied by cleaning of the drilling tool from the soil. Cleaning is carried out with the complete extraction of the drill from the soil. Accordingly, the difficulty of extracting them from the well depends on the length of the hose.

well drilling

A well in the area can be drilled using one of the drilling methods:

• Shnekov.
• Rotary.
• Shock-rope.

Drilling technologies differ among themselves in the ways of destruction of rocks inside the well and the option of extracting soil from the wellbore. The use of different equipment affects the quality and cost of building devices.

What is auger drilling

The cheapest and simple method well device is considered. The technology of the work is that the classic Archimedean screw, called an auger, excavates the soil.

The process is reminiscent of the drilling of a hole for fishing under the ice by amateurs. winter fishing. This method is used to drill a well with a depth of not more than 10 meters. No drilling fluid or water is used to flush the structure.

The instruction indicates that this method can be used without problems in dry and soft soils. Rocky, hard rocks encountered in the drilling process and quicksand are not amenable to auger drilling.

Tip: When punching, the length of the hole in the ground must be clearly maintained so that it reaches the required aquifer and protects the aquifer from Wastewater and getting top water.

How to make a drill from an auger from a combine harvester

For drilling a well under water, augers from old combines can be used as a drilling tool. After a little modernization, the auger from the agricultural machine turns into a fairly suitable drill.

You will also need pipe-rods with threading to increase the height of the drilling string.

Then you need:

• Convert the lower tubular end into a kind of screw. To do this, at a distance of approximately 80 cm from the helical end, two knives are welded with an angle to the horizontal direction equal to 25º.
• A threaded coupling is installed at the upper end of the drill. Weld it in order to be able to screw the rods.
• A transverse handle is welded onto one of them. With the help of which the auger will be screwed into the ground. All subsequent rods are built up between this rod and the auger.

Tip: By increasing the length of the cross handle, which is welded to the guide rod, it is easier to turn it.

What is rotary drilling

To drill a deep well in a rotary way, a special drill pipe is used. In its cavity, a rotating shaft is immersed into the well, the end of which is equipped with a tip - a chisel.

A load is created on the bit by the action of a hydraulic installation. With this method, you can dive into water of any depth. Most of these structures are performed by rotary drilling.

Washing out of rock or soil from the well is carried out with a special drilling fluid that is fed into the pipe in one of two ways:

• By pumping the pump into the drill pipe, and then the solution with the rock exiting by gravity to the outside through the annulus - direct flushing.
• Getting into the annulus by gravity, and then pumping out the solution with the rock from the drill pipe - backwashing.

The washing out of the rock in the second case allows you to get a higher flow rate of the well. In this case, it is possible to better open the desired aquifer.

The disadvantage of this technology is the involvement of sophisticated equipment, which greatly increases the cost of work. With direct flushing, the construction of a well is cheaper, so the owners of private houses most often order it for the construction of a structure on their site.

Tip: An artesian well is performed using drilling machines owned by specialized companies.

What is percussion drilling method

The oldest, labor-intensive and very slow method of drilling is shock-rope (see). But, with its help, you can get a high-quality well, ready to last up to half a century.

The technology is as follows:

• Rock or soil is broken under the action of a heavy projectile, which rises to a certain height, and then falls down with force.
• With the help of a bailer, the destroyed rock is removed from the wellbore.

The advantage of the drilling method is that there is no need to use water or a special drilling fluid during operation, which allows you to more accurately open the aquifer, and thereby ensure the maximum well flow rate and increase its service life.

The disadvantages of the method include:

• Great labor intensity.
• High cost of drilling.
• To access the second and subsequent aquifers, isolation of the above aquifers is required. For this, additional casing strings are used, which increases the cost of purchasing pipes of a different larger diameter.
• The amount of work that must be performed by specialists is also increasing.

Well buildup

The buildup is the process of cleaning the well from dirt. It requires the use of powerful centrifugal pump. It is also possible to use , but this species pump will extend the process time.

So:

• For the fastest cleaning of the well vibration pump it must be raised several times so that the water loosens up and the solid sediment does not have the opportunity to sink to the bottom.
• Well sway will affect the shrinkage of gravel screenings between the well and the pipe, for this reason, gravel should be added periodically. Usually the buildup takes a lot of time and since this process releases a large number of water, it should be arranged in advance to drain it into a ditch.

After the pumping process is completed, the well can be equipped with a pump that is suitable for its everyday operation. Now you know if you can do this work yourself. The video in this article will help you not to miss the details of this work.

Making a bore hole

Of course, you need to refine your design. You can do this according to your idea.

There are several options for doing this job:

• Build small house from a tree or other building above the well, varnish it or paint it;
• Around the well, you can lay out an unusual pattern of bricks, stones, pebbles, concrete, create an ornament or build something;
• You can close the well with the help of planted plants, for example, plant a willow and build a flower garden near it.

What are the features of well operation

There are several rules for using wells, following which the price of its operation is reduced:

• Regardless of the type of construction, cleaning should be carried out regularly.
• Signs of contamination of the system are: the presence of air pockets when opening the water; the presence of other impurities in the water.
• If cleaning is not carried out in time, such contamination can cause breakdowns that cannot be repaired, which means that a complete replacement will be needed.
• To restore the functionality of the system, it is enough to perform a purge.
• A radical cleaning method is the use of acid or electricity. But this should be carried out only by highly qualified specialists.