Technology for the manufacture of furniture boards from pine. The technological process of manufacturing shields

furniture board is a square or rectangular shaped wood-based material made by gluing together along the width and, in some cases, along the length of planed wooden blocks, with a width of each block from 10 mm to 50 mm. In Ukraine, most of the furniture boards are made of coniferous wood (pine, spruce), and hardwood boards (oak, beech, ash, maple, birch) are also somewhat popular. Furniture panels are used for the manufacture of furniture, decorative elements and building elements, as an environmentally friendly and aesthetically more attractive analogue of chipboard.
The furniture board has been used for a long time and the technology of its manufacture has changed slightly over the past 100 years. In the canonical version, wooden bars were pressed together with metal clamps; at present, their functions are performed by presses. A sharp increase in the consumption of furniture panels began in the 70s of the 20th century, when it became possible to mass-produce this product.

Currently, both in the furniture industry and in construction, among glued wood materials, a large number of cheaper analogues of this material have appeared, therefore, wooden boards are used in highly specialized cases, namely:

• for reasons of environmental safety: furniture board hypoallergenic natural material;
• for reasons of aesthetics: this natural material, when properly processed, looks more refined than substitutes;
• for reasons of practicality.

Advantages of a furniture board over other board materials:

• a) furniture made of wooden panels lasts longer than furniture made of chipboard or MDF;
• b) this furniture is repairable: since the tree is homogeneous in its structure, even a damaged piece of furniture can be restored (not replaced, but restored) and it will look like new;
• c) wood is a hygroscopic material, i.e. it regulates the humidity in the room;
• d) glued board furniture has properties to adsorb harmful substances.

The use of coniferous and deciduous species makes it possible to produce furniture boards of various appearance and design with an individual texture and various properties. The glued board is divided into quality grades from A to C. The grade is determined by two sides: A/A, A/B, A/C, B/B, B/C, C/C

• grade A is selected according to the pattern, even in tone, uniform in texture, without defects (knots, sapwood, etc.);
• grade B - without pattern selection, even in tone, uniform in texture, without defects;
• Grade C – without selection by pattern, tone and texture, minor defects (knots no more than 5 mm, sapwood). Mechanical damage is not allowed in all classes.

By production of a furniture board it is possible to receive various board depending on a field of its application. There are basically two types here. This is a single-layer glued board, which is also called a massive board, a glued board, or simply a single-layer board. A single-layer shield has a thickness of 14 to 60 mm, made of wooden blanks (slats, boards or timber) with a width of 18 mm, which are glued to each other in one layer parallel to the direction of the fibers.

The second type of glued board is a multi-layered board, consisting of two front layers and a desired but odd number of middle layers. The layers must be laid symmetrically in thickness, which determines the positive properties of the multilayer shield. Multi-layer glued board, usually with a thickness of 12 mm to 60 mm (special size up to 75 mm), three- or five-layer, with symmetrical laying and glued from several single-layer boards representing the front and middle layers.

The main stages of the technological process of manufacturing a furniture board are:

• 1) drying of blanks;
• 2) transverse cutting;
• 3) cutting and cutting;
• 4) preliminary planing;
• 5) trimming and sorting;
• 6) splicing;
• 7) planing;
• 8) gluing;
• 9) formatting;
• 10) grinding;
• 11) packing

Drying blanks

Drying blanks is the main stage of the technological process for the production of furniture panels. It determines the further adaptation of shield materials to the place of their use. Drying of the material takes place in three stages. The first is the preliminary drying of wood in the open air, in a natural way. The drying time of the blanks depends on the climatic conditions (temperature, air humidity and air movement). Depending on the time of year, there may be fluctuations in climatic factors affecting the duration of drying. On average, wood loses 3-5% of its moisture, and these values ​​vary depending on the type of wood. The second stage is the drying of lumber in a drying chamber under the influence of high temperatures over 100 °C. The most common is the method of convective-chamber drying, i.e. in a room equipped with electric or steam heating batteries with mandatory temperature control and with measurement of humidity inside the drying chamber. Along the access roads, a stack is placed inside the dryer with obligatory gaskets between the layers of the stack. Also, an important point of the drying chamber is the adjustment of the air flows inside, so that the air supersaturated with moisture is constantly drawn out of the chamber. The third stage is the uniform cooling of the wood after evaporation. After the immediate drying process is completed, the wood dries up in places, other areas, on the contrary, are too wet; it is necessary to plan a conditioning phase, during which the unevenly distributed residual moisture in the wood is distributed over the cross section of the workpiece. This increases the relative humidity of the air, while the temperature in the drying chamber does not change. In addition, stresses in the wood decrease; after conditioning, the dried material must be cooled to a temperature of 30-40 ° C; before the chamber opens, the heating is turned off, but the climate is still maintained. You need to know that after drying and in the future, the percentage of moisture in wood for the manufacture of furniture panels should be 9-11%. Loading blanks into the drying chamber

Cross cutting

Cross cutting, or preliminary trimming, trimming of curvature - this stage of the technological process is decisive for the yield and creation of the cost of raw materials. Here the profit per shield is determined. Cross cut, cut to length and trimming are considered together based on maximum yield and value creation. Thus, for each new board, a sequence of optimizing steps is calculated. Mostly dried and warped wood is subjected to transverse cutting. Lumber after drying often has curvature, twisting, which are difficult to optimize to obtain a greater yield of wood. In order to minimize deformation, the so-called trimming is carried out, which reduces the loss of material during the subsequent processing of the workpieces. For cross cutting, mainly cross-cutting machines with a lower saw are used.

The length of the trimmed sections is chosen in such a way that it is possible to obtain a fixed-length lamella through them and that it is easy to handle. In this case, only large defects are cut out of the workpiece and cutting is performed along the ends. In the further technological process, cut boards or lamellas have a rectilinear arrangement of fibers directed parallel to the cut edge.

Trimming and cutting

Trimming involves the removal of rounded parts of the board (wane) from the board or timber. There are different types of pruning. One of them is parallel cropping. The workpiece is cut in one working pass in such a way that the sides and edges are parallel to each other. In this case, at least one of the two processing units must be adjusted, otherwise the material is not optimized in width. When cutting narrow blanks from edged lumber parallel to the edge, the resulting blanks have a direct arrangement of fibers.

Cutting is the cutting of a wide workpiece (we are talking about lumber) in the longitudinal direction into narrow workpieces. In most cases, a core is cut from the blanks, which is located directly in the center of the log and surrounds the core tube. Thanks to cutting lumber, especially very wide blanks, most of the internal stresses are removed. Thus, an improvement in quality is achieved, the boards crack and warp less. For this technological operation, depending on the size and productivity of the company, both technically simple and very complex machines are used. Simple installations include longitudinal edged circular saws, which, with the help of a processing unit, cut round lumber, separating useful material and slats from wide workpieces.

Preplaning

During preliminary planing, a certain layer is removed from the workpiece that has left the sawmill, which allows visual inspection of the surface. Four-sided preliminary planing is carried out after cutting. It is necessary if all sides are controlled, for example by a scanner, and high requirements are placed on the surface of the material. Beneath the contaminated surface that came out of the sawmill, it is difficult to determine with the naked eye the defects of the wood, discoloration and the direction of the fibers. For the scanner that is used in the next step with optimizing trimming, fault detection can be difficult due to the poor contrast of the wood.

Trimming and sorting

Trimming or trimming is called cutting blanks to certain lengths. In the production of furniture panels, it is mainly an optimization process that takes into account quality characteristics and thus determines the length of the blanks. The so-called defects of the wood, such as fallen knots, blue stain, pitching, etc., are cut out, as a result, segments free of defects are obtained. Short segments are further connected into blanks of the required length, for example, by splicing on a mini-tenon. The next option is cutting to fixed lengths. In this case, a long board is cut to the required lengths without much consideration for major defects. Some types of wood may not contain defects for several meters. So you can get fixed lengths that do not contain defects. Such blanks are subsequently sorted mainly by length and color. In the production of furniture panels, trimming and sorting are optimizing operations that can be carried out manually or fully automatically.

When processing manually, the recognition of defects is carried out by the worker, who marks the defective place with a fluorescent chalk or laser. The machine reads the marking and makes a cut on this section of the board. The trimmed workpiece is then fed to a sorting station, where it is sorted according to certain criteria.

With full automation of the crosscutting process, the scanner scans up to four sides of the passing workpiece, captures the material data and transfers it to the crosscutting machine. A cut is made and the workpiece is transported further. At the end of the machine there are sorting sections, which, depending on the sorting criteria, have different lengths. Here, the workpieces are automatically distributed by means of ejectors according to certain criteria. Mainly trimmed sections are optimized and sorted here by color and/or length
Workpiece optimization on a PAUL machine. Left sorted blanks

Splice

Short trimmed blanks with a length of 150-300 mm should not be sorted into waste, they should be fed further into production. For example, to obtain blanks of various lengths that do not contain defects. Butt joints along the length do not have the strength required for stretching and bending. These loads can be taken without any problems with tenon joints;

Splicing on a vertical spike. The vertical spike is cut into vertically arranged lamellas. The jagged profile is visible on the surface of the shield. It finds application mainly in the production of window, construction and structural timber. A package of blanks is subjected to gear profile milling. In some countries and in some industries, a visible vertical spike on the surface of the shield is accepted. You can find this type of connection on products where it is invisible.

Splicing on a horizontal spike. By production of a furniture board, as a rule, connection on a horizontal tenon is applied. A stepped joint is visible on the surface of the shield. A serrated profile is visible on the narrow side. The lamellae are fed horizontally into a continuously running splicing line. Feeding in the longitudinal direction of pressed short blanks spliced ​​onto a mini-thorn is carried out mainly arbitrarily, the location of annual rings is not taken into account.

​Planing

Longitudinal milling in order to remove glue sagging, steps between lamellas, and obtain accurate geometric parameters is called planing.

Rectangularity of the lamellas. The individual lamellas must be rectangular, with an angle exactly equal to 90°. The thicker the workpiece, the more critical the squareness. The adhesive line must not be open, otherwise the board will take on a curved or wavy shape after the press, or the adhesive lines will remain open.

Lamella parallelism. When gluing the lamellas into a board, very small inaccuracies in the width of the individual lamellas can add up and lead to the opening of the adhesive seams. At the same time, soft rock blanks in the press stick together better than hard rock blanks. Accuracy is important.

For optimal bonding of planed lamellas into a solid board, the following conditions must be met:

• the optimal cutting step is 1.5-2.0 mm (if less than 1.5 mm, there is a danger of a polishing effect; more than 2.0 mm - the consumption of glue increases, a visible glue line appears, the cohesive strength of the glue weakens);
• the depth of the pile should be less than 0.1 mm (if more, then the consumption of glue increases, a visible glue line appears, the cohesive strength of the glue weakens).

Gluing

At this stage of the direct production of furniture panels, glue is applied to the narrow side of the finished processed lamellas, and then the lamellas are connected into a shield. Glue is applied to one side of the lamellas. Loading into the press is carried out in a batch way. The lamellae are in contact with each other and are generally pushed mechanically into the pressing area. The press is closed, and the side clamp is activated, leveling the irregularities, at the same time the necessary pressure is applied to the adhesive seams.

Each type of wood must have its own pressing temperature. Recommended blanks should be pressed at low temperatures. Very hot pressing can produce steam. There is a risk of discoloration of the workpieces (steam effect) and the occurrence of cracks in the wood. This applies in particular to recommended wood species such as oak. With prolonged pressing at a temperature of more than 100 ° C, the final drying and shrinkage of the wood occurs. A color change may occur, for example in beech, as a result of the greenhouse effect. A slight temperature difference between the top and bottom hotplates can cause the shield to warp. A temperature difference of 5°C causes the shield to warp. The higher the pressing temperature, the greater the risk of deformation. For the production of oak panels, cold pressing or pressing with high frequency currents is particularly suitable. Oak lamellas, however, at a maximum temperature of 50-60°C are pressed into a high-quality single-layer board. The reason is the short pressing time. At high temperatures, the formation of microcracks is possible, which become visible after varnishing the shield. The surface of the shield dries very quickly, the shield has a tendency to partial long-term warping. Pressing with the use of currents is highly recommended in the production of a massive shield.

In the hot method, heat is applied during the pressing process. By applying heat, the pressing time can be greatly reduced. Depending on the required pressing temperature, warm water, hot water, thermal oil are used as a heat carrier. The pressing time is highly dependent on the warm-up time. The larger it is, the longer the pressing process. When using hot water in pipes, the average temperature is 55°C. Hot water heats the wood up to 90-110 °C. Thermal oil in pipes can reach temperatures of 110-130°C

It should be borne in mind that not every heat transfer medium is suitable for every type of wood and every type of glue. PVA glue has thermoplastic properties. When pressed with hot water, the adhesive remains plastic and does not cure. It can only glue at a maximum press temperature of 50-60°C. The pressing time is reduced from 10-30 min. an average of four minutes. Time saving is up to 86%. The urea-based adhesive only cures at high temperatures. A temperature of 60°C or more is required. Warm water temperature is not enough. When using this adhesive, hot water, thermal oil or high frequency currents must be used as a heat transfer medium. The gluing method using high-frequency currents is based on capacitive or dielectric heating in a high-frequency field of alternating voltage. High frequency in the industry is limited to the frequency range of 3-13.56 MHz to avoid faults and superposition of fluctuations - for example, transmitting frequencies from television, radio and military transmissions. Other frequencies require special permission. High frequency currents do not heat the wood. Current seeks the path of least resistance. Since the adhesive has a high moisture content, it heats up more and faster than the surrounding wood (selective heating). In an alternating field, the electrons begin to oscillate, produce friction against each other and thus heat up the adhesive line. Water "boils away". At the end of the pressing process, the seam is completely cured, during the conventional gluing process, a certain time is required for curing.

Formatting

Formatting is called cutting the shield into a final size (length x width). In industrial formatting, various machines can be used. As a rule, a double trimming machine is used in the production of furniture panels.

The longitudinal side when exiting the press is straight and parallel. In the longitudinal direction, the board has an indefinite shift of the lamellas, which makes it impossible to accurately lay on the existing stops. Therefore, the shield is first cut to length. When cutting to length, the end shift of the lamellas is removed and the base surface for cutting to width is reached. After the shield is cut to length, the width is formatted. The result is a rectangular panel with parallel edges, corresponding to the required dimensions.

​grinding

Calibrating the shield with removal of adhesive residue, achieving the required thickness dimension and grinding the surface of the shield to obtain the desired cleanliness is called grinding. After formatting the shield, it is transferred to the surface finish by grinding. In this case, the difference in the lamellas is removed. The more precisely the press works, the less material needs to be removed. The service life of the sanding belt is increased and costs are reduced.

When sanding with a wide belt sander, the first sanding step is to make a reference plane. First, the so-called contact roller leveling is carried out. The next step is calibration, in which the material is removed to a certain thickness. Finishing is carried out with a sanding shoe, mainly with a grit of 100, but here the wishes of the customers are taken into account.​

Package

After grinding, the glued board is wrapped in a heat-shrinkable polyethylene film in order to protect it from dirt and mechanical stress.

furniture board- a kind of structural material that combines the advantages of natural raw materials and the advantages of modern technologies. The natural base and environmentally friendly method of production make it possible to attribute the furniture board to wood products. In fact, furniture panels are a product of deep processing of wood and have all the operational and aesthetic qualities of natural wood.

The manufacturing method determines the structure of the furniture board: wooden planks (lamellas) are glued together under pressure and form a continuous sheet.

The lamellas are laid in such a way that the multidirectionality of the wood fibers compensates for the tension inside the formed board. There are two types of furniture board: solid, glued from planed or sawn veneer without knots, and spliced ​​(in length or width) from small bars. Environmentally friendly glue with high adhesive properties and a powerful press ensure the strength of the joints. The plate is carefully polished, as a result, a durable “patchwork” canvas looks like a solid wooden board, and is not inferior to natural counterparts.

For the production of lumber, various tree species are used (oak, beech, pine, ash, Karelian birch, spruce, cedar, larch, bamboo, mahogany, palm, rosewood). The most popular and in demand on the market are furniture boards made of oak, pine and larch. The wood of these species has a dense water-repellent structure, which eliminates the decay of the material.

Warm color tones and a beautiful wood pattern give the product a noble look. The healing properties of wood give furniture and interior items (doors, stairs, window sills, wall cladding) a special energy.

• The furniture board is in demand in the furniture industry and interior design, and with special processing it can be used in outdoor finishing work. The popularity of lumber is due to its advantages:
• The furniture board is a natural product: the premium board is made from selected wood, has an ideal texture and appearance. Solid wood furniture board also has the qualities of natural wood: "breathing" texture, woody pattern;
• The type-setting design and production technology make it possible to produce furniture sheets of various sizes in a wide range of colors. Standard shields, if necessary, are easily sawn according to the required parameters;
• Consumer characteristics of a furniture board depend on the properties of the wood used. When choosing lumber, it is possible to optimize the purchase in accordance with the purpose of use and financial capabilities;
• Being a natural product, the furniture board is much cheaper than wood. High performance and affordable prices allow it to compete with other materials in the furniture and building materials market.

Successful busy people must have hobbies. It relieves stress and reduces the risk of a heart attack. You can collect candy wrappers and coins, or you can do a serious craft. For example, glue a furniture board with your own hands. The process is not as complicated as it might seem, but it requires at least a minimal knowledge of the tool.

Tools and materials for the manufacture of furniture panels

• Circular Saw.
• Milling machine.
• Drill.
• Hammer.
• Electroplaner.
• Belt and surface grinders. You can clean the tree with an emery cloth by screwing it onto the block. True, it will take a little longer.
• Reismus.
• Clamps or homemade devices for tightening boards.
• Long metal ruler, pencil, tape measure.
• lumber.
• Plywood and thin slats for rallying the shield.
• Glue.

Preparatory work

First, let's decide what size furniture board we need in order to stock up on a sufficient amount of material. In any case, blanks must be longer and thicker than the final dimensions of the shield. We choose boards from a tree of the same species, dry and even, with a minimum of knots. You also need to know the basic properties of wood. We offer a small carpenter's dictionary, so as not to get confused in terms:

• Plast - wide longitudinal sides of the boards.
• Plots - separate bars, planks, sawn from a wide board.
• Lamels are solid, non-jointed blanks. In fact, the same as the plots.
• Curl - a random arrangement of wood fibers in the workpiece. Occurs when a board is sawn from a butt of a tree.
• Sapwood is the outer layer of wood just below the bark.

According to the advice of the old masters, how to make a good quality furniture board, plots are taken that have a width to thickness ratio of 3x1. Such a lamella is stable, since the internal tension of the wood is not enough to split the batten. We have all seen boards cracked at the end. This is the case when material stress caused by improper drying splits the workpiece. So, first we dissolve the lumber into slats with a width of no more than 15 cm. In the process of sawing, at the same time we remove all defective sections of the boards.

Before assembling the shield, we take into account that the wood warps in different directions during shrinkage. The strongest - in the direction of annual rings (tangential direction), two times weaker - in the direction of the core lines (radial direction). We glue the sawn blanks in the order indicated on the very first photo:

Shields a and b: heartwood to heartwood, sapwood to sapwood. This will avoid warping when the shield shrinks, which reduces the strength of adhesive joints.

Shields c and d: we orient blanks with pronounced pilosity along the lines of annual rings, then the deformation of the finished shield will be much less.

Step-by-step instructions for making a furniture board

Methods for connecting plots in a shield

How to make a furniture board with your own hands so that in the future the wood retains its original stability? There are several ways to deal with shield buckling caused by sawn timber.

We glue the lamellas on the dowels (the lower shield in photo 6) or use the finishing tips, following the example of the drawing board. To fix short boards, we use a tip with a groove-comb assembly (upper shield in the photo), connected flush with the lamellas. The tip may have a protrusion over one (middle shield) or both layers, depending on the purpose of the product.

If the furniture board is intended to be used in conditions of constant fluctuations in humidity, it would be better not to glue the boards. Compensation for wood with frequent swelling is achieved by various methods of rallying the plots. The upper shield in photo 7 is connected in a quarter, the middle one in a quarter with chamfering from the upper edges. The boards of the lower shield are also cohesive in a quarter, but with a selection of profiled edges on the front side.

Another type of conjugation of plots without the use of glue is the use of flashing strips. The upper shield in photo 8 is pulled together with a regular rail, the middle one - with a profiled bar without grooves, the lower one - with a profiled bar with grooves.

If the furniture board will be operated under constant mechanical load, in conditions of high humidity and temperature differences, then the boards should have a more powerful interface. Photo 9 shows examples of such compounds. The upper shield is assembled on dowels, the middle one - on a plywood rail. The width of the lath should be equal to the thickness of the plots, the thickness of the lath - one third of the thickness of the plots.

The example of the lower shield shows a tongue and groove connection used when laying a floor or facing partitions. All these methods can be used in the manufacture of collapsible panels (for example, for sliding furniture). Glue is not used in these connections.

Gluing the lamellas on the dowels requires perfect accuracy in the location of the holes, otherwise the geometry of the shield will be broken. Nests are marked with markers. Drilling the ends is best done using a drill stand and stop. The depth of both holes in total should exceed the length of the fastener by 2-3 mm.

If there is no milling machine, the grooves and profiles at the ends are removed using a drill mounted on a stand. An appropriate cutter is installed on the tool and high speeds are turned on.

We saw off the assembled, dried and polished shield to the desired size. Now you can put it to work - make furniture, doors, window sills, sheathe walls and ceilings. Durability, aesthetics, naturalness of furniture boards are the best recommendations for a building material.

Home / Woodworking / Wood bonding

Bonding wood and wood-based materials

Wood bonding is a common way of bonding wood and wood-based materials (plywood, wood panels, etc.) with adhesives.

How to make a kitchen from furniture boards with your own hands

This allows you to obtain products or models in various shapes and sizes, increase their strength and stability, and increase the use of short and low quality wood blanks.

There are the following bonding types: bonding doskovyh or a square piece of wood layers on blocks and edges of sheets, sticking frame panels, bonding placement along the edges of plates or frame, splicing the workpiece are wood mustache or jagged bonding, bonding the tip of the corner, and other compounds in the composition of the product and structures, cladding surfaces of wood and wood-based materials with decorative materials from thin sheet metal.

Binding as an independent method of connection with additional fasteners, screws, screws, nails.

Adhesion is that the liquid wood is supported on the adhesive layer penetrates into its extracellular and intracellular space, cured (going from a liquid state to a solid state) and thus holds the mating surfaces of the adhesive layer.

The bonding process consists of methods for selecting and preparing adhesive materials; selection, preparation and use of adhesives on adhesive surfaces; package design; compress and hold bags under pressure until the adhesive becomes solid; technological aging of glued products and structures.

High-quality dry (moisture content 12 ± 3%) wood of the first and second class is used for the production of glued products and structures.

Lumber is allowed. It is better to glue less dense wood (pine, spruce, alder, trill), worse - thick wood (oak, autumn, maple, beech, birch).
Drying of lumber is carried out in drying chambers. Firstly, it is recommended to carry out atmospheric (natural) drying of wood in an air-dry state of wood (moisture content 18-22%), then a chamber (artificial) to the required humidity.

The surface of softwood can be demineralized with resin solvents (turpentine, acetone, gasoline, etc.).

They are expensive, flammable and toxic. Use 4-5% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution or 5-10% sodium salt solution to remove wood used for coating. The solutions are heated to a temperature of 50 ° C and applied to the surface with brushes or brushes. They form soluble soaps with resin, which are then easily washed with warm water or 2-3% sodium solution.

Glued blanks must be processed by design or grinding of their side surfaces in accordance with the technical requirements.

The thickness (thickness difference) of the plugs in the layers in the blocks is ± 0.3 mm. Craft parts should not be visibly swollen, and their adhesive surfaces should be smooth and smooth, free from stains of tar, oil, paint, dust, and other contaminants.

For gluing wood for various purposes and operating conditions of various products and structural strength, water resistance and strength of adhesive joints, various liquid adhesives are used: karbamidofor casein - formaldehyde, phenol-formaldehyde and other rezorTsinoformaldegidnye.

Casein glue is used in the form of an aqueous solution (without heating) with a concentration of 40-50%.

It is a harmless, hard wood glue that has moderate water resistance, but is not spongy enough to cause the wood to darken.

Synthetic thermosetting (irreversible) water-soluble adducts of urea-formaldehyde are obtained on the basis of resin KF-G, KF-BZ, KF-MX; M-70 and others. They provide high strength and resistance to heat, high water resistance and absolute stability of adhesive joints.

They release free formaldehyde (a toxic substance), forming hard and brittle sticky sutures that can develop large internal stresses due to shrinkage of the adhesive as it heals.

These stresses reduce the strength of adhesive joints and cause bonding of glued products. The hardness of self-adhesive joints during machining with glued parts and products has a strong influence on cutting tools. Therefore, plasticizers (polyvinyl acetate dispersion, synthetic latex), PVA are introduced into urea-formaldehyde adhesives.

Gluing wood is carried out in cold and hot modes.

Cold gluing (no heat) reduces energy costs, but it requires a long exposure of the laminated piece under pressure to cure the adhesive and equalize the moisture content of the wood, which results in low hardware capacity and requires large production areas.

Therefore, a hot joint (when heated) is often used.

At the same time, the curing of the adhesive is accelerated and increases the productivity of the equipment, less presses and production space.

Repair of carpentry tools

Spent ax handles (hammers, hammers, saws, planes, chisels, chisels), wooden elements of the tool mark (erunka square, Mälk, thickness) are replaced with new ones. They are made of dry quality hardwoods with a moisture content of no more than 12%.

The technological process of manufacturing carpentry products

The process of manufacturing carpentry and joinery products and structures consists of work operations (certain types of work), which are divided into main (technological) and auxiliary.

When carrying out key operations (sawing, planing, carving, gluing, etc.) Change the shape, size and properties of the processed material or workpiece, and the resulting connection is a consistent element in finished products or structures in accordance with the request for technical documentation. Ancillary operations include accounting and sorting, size and quality control, stacking, moving through trade and other operations.

All work (main and auxiliary) is considered as a production process, and the cumulative and clear sequence of basic (technological) operations is a technological process.

The mass flow of processed materials and empty parts is the product flow.

Distinguish between individual, serial and mass production of wood products. In individual production, products are produced in small quantities and mass production is produced sequentially. Serial production can be small, medium and large. In mass production, products of the same type are produced continuously for a long time and in large quantities (furniture, joinery and building products).

furniture board- a building material made of high quality wood, which is used in the process of manufacturing furniture, flooring, stairs, various interior items.

Often it is used when working with the interior decoration of the room.

Do-it-yourself furniture shield at home

A furniture board is made by deep processing of wood in accordance with GOST, following all generally accepted measures. There are two types of furniture board, in which the wood is dried until the moisture content is less than 8%:

- Solid - made using solid wood;

- Finger-jointed - is made by combining and processing lamellas, which are obtained after sawing or planing a solid wood of different types of wood.

The use of spruce, pine, oak, birch, maple, larch, ash and many other types of wood in the manufacture of furniture panels indicates a decent choice of material, allowing the buyer to find the ideal option based on personal needs. For example, an oak shield is suitable for making high-strength lifting frames, since oak is considered the material least susceptible to breakage when colliding with heavy objects.

Modern technology makes it possible to obtain a high-quality spliced ​​furniture board, which is not inferior in strength and durability to a solid one. However, a shield made in this way can reduce production costs, which will further affect the cost of the finished product.

As for the use, wood panels are used in the manufacturing process of various types of furniture. The material is selected in such a way that its characteristics correspond to the intended direction of operation of furniture and interior items. Cost, of course, will speak about the quality of the product. This means that the low price of a furniture board is justified by the presence of knots, resin pockets and minor mechanical flaws. This kind of material is popular in the production of a product that is to be further processed.

It is also worth saying that the price of high quality shields is absolutely justified. Such material is distinguished by the absence of flaws and is used both for the production of a finished item, and for facing various kinds of products and decorative components of the interior.

When choosing a furniture board, you need to rely on the following characteristics:

- type of tree species;

- compliance with price and quality;

- view of the shield itself (solid or spliced);

- material parameters.

It should be noted that the reputation of the manufacturer is also important when buying a product.

The furniture board has its advantages. One of its absolute advantages is the fact that the use of such a board in the manufacture of furniture leads to a high-quality, environmentally friendly and durable product. Also, one cannot help but recall the aesthetic appearance of the resulting furniture.

The furniture panel production technique preserves the naturalness of wood, protecting the material from possible cracks and other deformations. Accordingly, the appearance of the finished product is distinguished by its attractiveness.

When arranging an apartment, you have to answer thousands of questions, and one of the main ones is: how to choose a kitchen?

Do-it-yourself furniture shield - the subtleties and nuances of manufacturing

It is not only about the style and color of furniture, but also the material, texture, design features. This question is of particular relevance if the room has non-standard shapes and sizes, and it is often simply impossible to find the perfect kitchen, and making it to order is an expensive pleasure.

In this case, there is an optimal solution - to make a kitchen from furniture panels with your own hands.

Why was this material chosen? Simply because wood has been and remains the most sought-after raw material for the production of furniture, as it is practical, environmentally friendly and highly decorative. In addition, working with furniture panels does not require much experience and special skills.

Benefits of handcrafted furniture

• The ability to design a kitchen, taking into account the dimensions and architectural features of the room.
• Gain carpentry experience.
• Significant money savings.

In addition, modeling and independent production of furniture is a pleasure both from the process itself and from the result, since you get truly exclusive high-quality products.

Stage 1.

Design

The first (and main) step towards assembling kitchen furniture is project development. Remember the saying “measure twice, cut once”?

This is just the case - at the design stage, you need to take into account all the details, think through all the little things.

It is important not only to determine the number of tables, shelves, bedside tables and other pieces of furniture, but also to detail each element of the kitchen interior, taking into account its shape, size, as well as future location and design features.

In addition, it is necessary to prepare a general design project that combines all interior items.

Blueprints kitchens from furniture panels are the most important "documents" on the basis of which you can assemble beautiful and high-quality furniture with your own hands, so special attention should be paid to their development.

Stage 2.

We prepare materials

After careful design, raw materials should be purchased and the necessary tools should be prepared. The main item on the shopping list is a furniture board, which is a wooden sheet consisting of glued lamellas.

One of the best materials for making furniture is considered larch wood- it is cheaper than cedar, beech and oak, but almost as good as them in practicality and decorativeness.

Pine furniture board will become a more budgetary material - it loses a little to larch in strength qualities, but it differs in rich colors and a beautiful natural pattern.

It should be added that you should buy a furniture board directly from the manufacturer, which guarantees the best price / quality ratio.

One of the leaders in the production and sale of wooden panels and other wood products is the Angara Plus company, which sells building materials throughout Russia - http://angara-plus.ru/products/mebelnyy-shchit/.

In addition to the furniture board, you need to purchase:

• timber for assembling furniture frames;
• PVA glue for gluing parts;
• material for shelves - glass, plywood or wood;
• sandpaper for grinding;
• fittings - hinges, handles, etc .;
• fasteners;
• finishing varnish.

Stage 3.

Do-it-yourself kitchen installation work from furniture panels is a laborious process that requires patience, accuracy and a lot of free time.

In order for the kitchen to turn out to be of high quality and beautiful, you need to adhere to a few important rules:

• Strictly follow the design project.
• To ensure the rigidity of the furniture frames, cut the ends of the timber at an angle of 45 ° C and connect them with glue or metal corners.
• Use 25 mm thick wooden boards for the sides and front of the furniture, and 18 mm for the back walls.

A kitchen made of furniture boards is not just an opportunity to create exclusive furniture according to an individual project, but also a great chance to save a lot when furnishing an apartment.

construction

In the house of the owner, who is engaged in the construction, repair and construction of wooden houses, they often need wide wooden shields. Such panels can be purchased at a retail network or made independently. To connect a quality shield, you need to know some of the secrets of this work.

Acquisition of source material

For the shield, it is necessary to choose high-quality wood boards. The panels must have the same width and moisture, even the fibers along the entire length. Blanks that already show signs of warping should be discarded.
2. The texture of the texture should be the same and not completely different in color. When buying plates, it is advisable to choose them from one fund.
3. The moisture content in wood should not exceed 8-9% for hardwoods and no more than 12-14% for softwoods.
fourth

For shielding, the structure of the lumber texture should be used.

Do-it-yourself technology for gluing furniture boards

You must select radial or intermediate split inserts. Do not use lumber because they are more prone to scratches.
5. Pay attention to the texture lines. If such lines are not parallel, this is a sign that the panels are subject to bending or twisting.
sixth

If you want to glue boards, you need to choose boards up to 120 mm wide. While this increases the number of adhesive seams, it reduces the chance of the final screen bending. Large boards have a lot of internal stress, which leads to scratches and cracking.
7. After the larch lumber is delivered to the workshop, they need to be given a few days to equip them with temperature and humidity.

The working process

1. Hold panels with a thickness of 2-3mm.

If the screen has a slot at a right angle, additional tolerances of at least 50 mm are required and the screen width is at least 15 mm.
second

The layer of all screen plates is aligned on the plane.
3. On the thickness machine, all panels are calibrated to the correct thickness.
4. Then, back on the planner, one edge is strongly angled 90 degrees towards the panel.
fifth

The other edge is cut on the round machine and the saw blades on the handlebar are also removed.
6. Prepare the required number of clamps and a flat surface on which the screen will be protected.

The prepared plates must be immediately attached to the screen. Because delays can lead to intrusion of finished blank parts. If the screen width is large, it should be laid in several parts in stages. The width of these parts should not exceed the width of the working area of ​​the machine so that it can be leveled after gluing.

And from the prepared and calibrated parts, the entire shield is glued together.

Before gluing the shield, it is necessary to create smooth rods with the same thickness on which the prepared slabs are laid. This ensures that the clips without obstruction can be attached to the clamped screen.

Wrap the edges with glue, fix the clips and fix them. The clamping force controls the adhesive that is extruded from the joints. It should form a stable roller. Terminal installation starts from the edge of the screen.

After the first installation and a slight hold immediately on this edge, the fastening clips are installed on all adhesive joints. This is necessary so that the panels do not move towards each other.

Then the next clamp is installed horizontally at a distance of 250-270 mm from the first and from the opposite side of the screen.

At the same time, you should always check that the plates are in the same plane. They are moved if necessary. Install the remaining clips that are exchanged between the top and bottom of the screen.

When you reach the second edge of the screen, use the clips (which are removed from the first edge) to attach the adhesive clips and install the rear horizontal clip.

After about five minutes, the vertical clamp clips are removed to allow the adhesive to dry at those points.

Once the adhesive is pressed out of the joints slightly dry, remove it with a scraper or spatula.

After the end of the glue, the terminals are removed.

On site http://www.foresthouse.ru/- The forest house dedicated to timber products and heating heater sales can also look at various materials on the topic of woodworking and wood construction.

This site contains a large number of unique articles that are useful for beginners and craftsmen who work in the construction of wooden suburban housing.

This article belongs to an expert in the woodworking industry Yury Nikolaevich Zelentsov. Copying the article without written consent is prohibited.

10/21 / 2013Artem Samoilov

Choosing a furniture board: properties and features of the material

Furniture panels are used for both residential and industrial premises - these designs are considered universal.

So, they can be used as a serious fence or a decorative element of the interior. Before making a choice, decide on the possibilities of the room and the main purpose - what are you going to use the furniture boards for? To get started, pay attention to the following points.

What do you need to know?

Before choosing furniture boards, try to answer the following questions. So, you can find a common language with the seller, as well as decide on the final choice.

1. What is the humidity level in the room where you are going to install the shield?
2. What kind of load, and in what form (assembled or collapsible) should the oak furniture panel withstand there?
3. What is more important to you: strength or appearance of the product?

If you want to determine the quality of a furniture board, pay attention to the structure of the wood.

We make an original kitchen with our own hands from furniture panels

Also, do not be too lazy to study the markings on the product itself.

Remember that each of the criteria is especially important when choosing. For example, wood constantly absorbs excess moisture. Even if you purchased a varnished product, over time, the shield may change its shape or deform. In one year, a wooden structure absorbs up to 12% of moisture from its own volume.

As a rule, high-quality shields are made from wooden bars glued and impregnated with a safe composition.

Do not forget that the tree purifies the air and at the same time absorbs harmful substances. Therefore, wooden panels are best used away from aggressive environments (for example, in residential areas).

Interestingly, furniture panels do not deform as quickly as natural wood, since there is no such tension in the structure itself as in solid wood.

They can be modified and turned into very practical furniture. So, you can make a soft corner for a nursery, a bed for a bedroom, or partially furnish a kitchen.

The disadvantages include the following points. Unscrupulous manufacturers often use wet blanks, so the shield is deformed even during the drying process.

At best, you will get a deformed product, and at worst, cracks and poor-quality seams.

Many of us would like to have our own business instead of hired work - after all, businessmen have the opportunity to receive a high income and at the same time remain in their favorite pastime. Any, very tiny business raises the prestige of a person, and he no longer depends directly on the various whims of employers.

A very good thing is our own line for the production of furniture panels. To do this, you need to organize the work of a woodworking shop, which will specialize in this particular product. And with such specialization, the production of custom-made furniture is not far at all. In the article we will try to figure out how the business of manufacturing furniture panels begins.

Our business valuation:

Starting investment 2,750,000 rubles.

Market saturation is average.

The complexity of starting a business is 7/10.

Organization of production of furniture boards

To engage in the manufacture of furniture panels, opening a small-scale wholesale production, you need to buy equipment for the production of furniture panels. Of course, you can take a pure furniture direction of production, but where is the guarantee that the manufactured furniture will be in demand by buyers? But the furniture board allows you to create a permanent clientele of small wholesale customers who can provide a reliable and constant income. The sale of furniture boards does not create any problems with the modern development of the furniture industry and construction.

Of course, it is more profitable to open a panel production in a place close to the developed forest areas, close to sawmills. Indeed, in this case, lumber will be much cheaper. But good results are given by woodworking shops and imported raw materials. It is important that the distance over which the timber will be delivered is not very large.

Technology for the manufacture of shields from coniferous species

Furniture panels are made from pine edged boards. In the manufacture of furniture boards made of wood, it is also allowed to use boards that are not trimmed, but of high quality. At the same time, the material is subjected to obligatory deep machining followed by gluing. In the production of pine furniture panels, the main feature is that natural wood is used more efficiently, and the product itself has a significantly lower cost than solid wood. After all, the cost of producing furniture panels from solid wood is much higher.

If several types of wood are used, then the manufactured products are divided by grade, which makes it easier to determine their cost. This is convenient when building trade relations with customers - furniture companies. The texture of wood and its pattern give them the opportunity to sort furniture into author's and made according to individual orders of customers. Products using natural wood, which have good quality, are widely in demand in our time. All these motives may well inspire an enterprising person to open a factory for the production of furniture panels in Russia.

Advantages of structural wood materials:

• new manufacturing technologies favorably preserve and emphasize the texture of natural wood;
• structures created by gluing differ from arrays in that they are able to subsequently retain their geometric dimensions and do not shrink;
• boards made using the gluing technology are an environmentally friendly product that can be used without restrictions for the production of furniture and indoor decoration;
• glued furniture boards can be made in any size, regardless of the size of the lumber used for this.

The production of furniture semi-finished products, which are reliably in high demand among customers, is a good basis for a woodworking business. The technology for the production of furniture panels involves the use of both hardwoods and conifers, among which pine is the most profitable and expensive.

Stages of production of glued furniture board:

• drying of incoming timber;
• processing of defective areas and calibration;
• dissolution of the source material, elimination of identified minor shortcomings;
• cutting according to the specified parameters with the removal of low-quality sections;
• connection of lamellas "into a spike", application of glue;
• secondary calibration, removal of adhesive residues;
• gluing furniture panels;
• removal of seams with defects;
• trimming the finished shield according to a given format;
• final calibration with grinding.

Along with the use of pine as a raw material, the production of furniture panels from oak is also widespread. Despite the high density of this type of wood and, accordingly, the severity of furniture made from it, customers are constantly interested in such products. After all, they are durable, have a beautiful texture and are very durable.

The production of furniture panels made of birch deserves special mention. It is a white, resilient and hard wood species. It has a moire pattern with iridescence, a silky matte sheen. Along with a beautiful appearance, birch also has a very high strength, resistance to splitting. All these qualities are also possessed by a furniture board made of birch.

Ash and larch have an unusually beautiful structure. These species are much rarer, but are also used in woodworking.
A separate part of the business is the manufacture of custom-made furniture panels. The work requires a quick reconfiguration of equipment, a change in the established technological regime. But the cost of custom-made products is much higher. Before accepting orders for non-standard shields, you should think about and calculate everything. If the machines are fully loaded on standard products and there is a high demand for them, then it is unprofitable to work on order.
Chipboard (chipboard) is one of the most popular materials for making furniture. It is very important that this material is obtained from woodworking waste, does not have a certain fiber orientation and is much cheaper than other types of raw materials for furniture production. Laminated furniture board is obtained by coating the surface of chipboard sheets with laminate.

Equipment for starting a business

To open a new enterprise, you need to make purchases of the following equipment:

• steam dryer;
• four-spindle universal machine;
• double-sided thicknesser;
• hot press for furniture board;
• optimization line;
• end connection ruler;
• clamps for gluing furniture boards;
• machine for applying glue;
• clamps for gluing furniture panels;
• machine for cutting products according to the format;
• aging apparatus to improve the texture of products.

It is very important that some of the listed machines can be made by hand, having at least a little experience in designing equipment. This will be a significant cost savings at the start of production. Many large trading companies offer their customers equipment on lease or on credit. Of course, to pay for everything, you will need to work hard.

A good option would be to buy used equipment. In any case, with this option there will be no large debts. Based on the list compiled, the price of equipment for the manufacture of furniture panels will be approximately 2,200,000 rubles.

Financial planning

The main customers of the finished products of the workshop are companies that are engaged in the production of furniture from furniture panels. It is important that these are solvent partners and that they do not create delays in the transfer of money for the products received.

Given that the pine shield has a price of 130,000 rubles. per cubic meter, and the cost of an unedged pine board is 9,000 per cubic meter, the benefits of engaging in this production are obvious. When organizing a business and with incomplete loading of equipment in the first three months of work, 19 cubic meters of products can be produced. And the cost of the specified volume of finished products will be 2,500,000 rubles.

Of course, there will be large deductions for the operation of equipment and for the wages of workers. Together with utility bills, the total amount of expenses will be 430,000 rubles per month. The cost of purchasing raw materials usually does not exceed 10% of the amount of sales of marketable products, which is 260,000 rubles. Even taking into account VAT and income tax, the income for a month of work will be at least 1,500,000 rubles.

There is a pattern in business - the more expensive the equipment is, the more significant the production itself, the more profit the entrepreneur can count on. If no mistakes are made in planning and organizing work, then any equipment pays off within one and a half to two years. This is what you should focus on when starting a business. And, of course, not to make serious miscalculations in the organization of the workflow.

FEATURES OF THE TECHNOLOGY OF MANUFACTURING FURNITURE BOARD

(SPbGLTA, St. Petersburg, RF)

The article places for consideration key regulations of the technology of manufacture furniture shield, as well as conditions and factors having influence on the quality of treatment of the furniture shield and its gluing.

Furniture board - as the main semi-finished product used in the production of cabinet furniture made of solid wood, stair parts, etc., is the most demanded environmentally friendly material. And at the same time, the process of its manufacture is characterized by labor-, material-, and energy-consuming, in contrast to the technology for manufacturing plate materials such as chipboard, fiberboard, MDF.

The multi-operational nature of the technological process is due to the specifics of the material itself - wood- as an object of processing, the equipment and materials used, as well as the requirements for the quality of the final product. Wood with anisotropy of properties, different density, structure, flaws, type of sawing significantly affects the choice of technology. There are several schemes of the manufacturing process, but the most common and effective is the so-called "Swedish" technology. But in any case, compliance with the technology, modes, processing parameters is a guarantee of obtaining a high-quality furniture board that meets consumer and operational requirements. As a rule, lamellas in a furniture board are glued to a smooth joint using PVAD-based adhesives with the addition of a hardener, or without it, if this is not specified in the terms of reference. Such binders have a transparent, elastic adhesive seam of high strength, which is necessary for a furniture board, withstand temperature and humidity deformations, and mechanical loads. With the use of these adhesives in the bonding technology, it is possible to use HDTV intensification or conductive heating.

It is necessary to note the following conditions of the technological process, without which gluing a high-quality shield is impossible:

Homogeneity of moisture indicators of lumber drying quality. The final humidity required by the technology (for a furniture board it is 8±1.5%). Such tight limits on humidity are due to operational and technological requirements. The lower one is associated with the gluing process (surface wettability with a binder, absorbency, penetration ability of the glue), further machining of the shield (calibration, grinding, milling). Overdried wood impairs the quality of its processing, forms chips, peels the fiber, and has low plasticity. Too high moisture content of the lumber to be processed leads to even worse problems in board bonding, sanding and finishing. When planing, the quality of the jointed surface of the lamellas is unsatisfactory due to the formation of hairiness. The high humidity of the lamellas affects the duration of holding in a hot press, the polymerization of the binder and the strength of the glue line. The heterogeneity of the humidity indicators of the quality of lumber drying, especially the differences in humidity over their cross section, as a result of cutting into lamellas, leads to the fact that slats with different humidity, different from the average, get into the assembled shield. This contributes to the appearance of various kinds of deformations. The desire of the lamellas to an equilibrium moisture state in the glued shield when it is kept under certain conditions, contributes to varying degrees to their shrinkage and swelling. Such processes entail either warping of the shield or cracking at its ends during its processing and operation.

Undoubtedly, the uniformity of moisture indicators of the drying quality is a key condition for the production of high-quality furniture panels.

The geometry of the slats, i.e. squareness and dimensional stability. For pressing, this is a very important condition. If it is not observed, proper contact between the bonding surfaces is not ensured, non-glue is formed along the entire length of the shield - this is a marriage. The geometry of the lamellas can be achieved by the accuracy of the equipment settings, the qualifications of the service personnel and the technical equipment of the machines on which lumber is processed. Modern equipment allows this requirement to be met, but not always. Lamellar planing guarantees the geometry, if the knives in the planing drums are set perpendicular to the tables (planing bases) and the clarity of working out the clamps and feed rollers. When using Swedish technology, i.e. planing lumber with simultaneous cutting them into lamellas, the most accurate perpendicularity of the processed edges is ensured, since the saw shaft with the saw set is perpendicular to the tables. The correct positioning of the saw shaft in relation to the tables of the four-sided machine, as well as the adjustment of the clamps, will make it possible to obtain a lamella with strictly perpendicular sides.

The amount of binder applied to the surfaces to be glued (glue consumption). Glue consumption is regulated by the supplier, but is specified by the gluing conditions, viscosity, wood species, its moisture content, application equipment, etc. The average consumption is 120-150 g/sq. m. Insufficient application of the binder is the reason for the low strength of the adhesive joint and, as a result, the sticking of the shield. Consumption too high - it is necessary to increase the holding time, both before pressing and during the gluing process, the productivity of the leading equipment drops sharply. In the technology of applying glue, it is convenient to use the roller method. The upper clamping is adjustable, the lower one is corrugated with grooves, the depth and width of which has certain dimensions. Glue in the process of its application to the lamella should be located on the surface in the form of even strips without gaps.

Pressing pressure. An essential condition for gluing, without pressing pressure it is impossible to ensure proper contact between the surfaces to be glued. Optionally, the pressure must be high in order to prevent deformation of the lamellas in the shield. The criterion for evaluating the pressing pressure is a small amount of glue that has come out on the ends and on the surface of the shield.

The conditions listed above are necessary, not fulfilling them entails serious economic problems for the enterprise. The percentage of scrap is increasing, it is good if it is tracked in the initial operations, and not in the final product at the consumer.

In addition to the basic conditions in the technology of manufacturing furniture panels, there are a number of features that should be mentioned.

First, the duration of technological holdings of the material. There is an opinion that a planed lath should not be in a free state for a long time, more than a day, i.e. everything that is planed should be glued. This is due to the loss of activity of the adhesive surface, namely its oxidation and closure of wood pores. Exposure of the shield after gluing before further machining. German experts believe that a glued shield should be aged for at least 4 hours, some say at least 6. In any case, the boards must be cured, especially after hot pressing, to ensure the relaxation of temperature and humidity stresses arising during the bonding process.

Secondly, the pressing temperature. Temperature is an intensification of the process, for various breeds it should be regulated. For softwoods, the pressing temperature should not exceed 75 - 80 °C. If the lumber was dried without crystallization of the resin, then the high pressing temperature promotes the release of resin on the surface of the shield, and this has an unsatisfactory effect on further grinding (the abrasive is quickly clogged with wood dust along with osmol), the grinding surface becomes wavy and in some cases burns. As a result, it is not the process of grinding as one of the types of wood cutting, but the mashing of wood. Therefore, finishing such a shield with paints and varnishes will be problematic. For hardwoods, especially oak, there is no need for high temperatures. The basic density of oak is much higher than that of pine, and, accordingly, the coefficient of thermal conductivity is greater. In addition to the temperature, the polymerization of the binder is also affected by the duration of exposure of the panels in the hot press. It is believed that for softwoods, the holding time is at least 1.5 - 2 minutes for each centimeter of the thickness of the shield at a temperature on the surface of the press plates of 75 - 80 ° C. For hardwoods, these values ​​should be adjusted depending on the species, its initial moisture content and other factors. Specifically for oak furniture panels, exposure should not be long, as well as high temperatures, since tannin coloring substances are released and, when interacting with a binder, a dark adhesive seam is formed.

Thirdly, when setting up the shield, the condition of the correct orientation of the annual rings in adjacent lamellas, as well as radial, tangential and mixed cuts, especially for oak materials, must be observed. It is impossible to allow slats of different sawing in one shield; it is necessary to perform strict sorting. Failure to comply with these conditions in a place with poor-quality drying of wood entails serious consequences in the operation of such panels. Various shrinkage (swelling) in the radial and tangential directions, when the shields are held under certain conditions, can cause their strong deformation and integrity violation.

In conclusion of this work, the following should be noted, all the listed features of the furniture board manufacturing technology are only a small part of a huge issue. The answers to which lie in the specifics and eccentricity of the problem under study, since few manufacturers of furniture panels pay due attention to its technology, increasing the useful yield when cutting, improving quality, and rationally using wood as a product of wildlife.