World of vegetables. Why sow thistle is useful: the chemical composition and use of the plant

Thistle field is a common plant with yellow flowers. It is well known to gardeners and gardeners. Many consider it a weed that is not so easy to get rid of. The plant has many positive aspects. This is an excellent honey plant. In folk medicine, you can find recipes from sow thistle, thanks to which it is possible to cure various diseases. It is also often used in cooking. Dishes with thistle are rich and very healthy.

Description

Sow thistle is a herbaceous annual plant, a member of the Compositae family. It looks like a weed, its height can reach 1 m 70 cm, it has a prickly and branching stem. The leaves of the plant are bright green in color.

The edges of the leaf part have a prickly-toothed shape. The roots are densely intertwined and shallow. There are many accessory kidneys.

In depth root system plants go 50 cm. It blooms with medium-sized yellow buds, which are baskets, under adverse conditions they close. They are surrounded by a cup or bell shaped wrapper. There is also pink thistle.

The plant blooms until the beginning of autumn. After that, about 6500 seeds are formed. Reproduction occurs very quickly thanks to a fluffy tuft of soft hairs, which are connected in a ring at the base.

The flower adapts to any kind of soil. It grows very quickly, it is not easy to get rid of it. Sow thistle is called a noxious weed because it is a viable species. Even with deep plowing in the garden, it can germinate even after 20 years.

The description is somewhat reminiscent of a dandelion. garden flower iIt is a large honey plant and pollen plant.

Composition and useful properties

Still grass composition remains not fully explored. It is known that sow thistle contains substances such as:

• cholininulin;
• tartaric acid;
• vitamin C;
• alkaloids;
• fixed oils;
• carotene.

Each element that is part of the herb,It has beneficial features that have a curative effect.

Tartaric acid relieves the feeling of heartburn, it relieves the hangover syndrome, it has a laxative and diuretic effects.

Inulin helps to normalize the intestinal microflora, lowers blood sugar, promotes the absorption of minerals and vitamins.

Choline reduces cholesterol, preserves youth, improves liver function, and has a positive effect on cardiac activity.

Carotene forms teeth and bones, normalizes metabolism, provides protein synthesis, activates regenerative and oxidative processes.

Alkaloids strengthen blood vessels, lower blood pressure, stop the growth of tumors. Bitterness can normalize appetite, improve immunity and calm the nervous system.

Fatty oils regenerate cells and tissues, accelerate wound healing, and provide the body with energy.

Vitamin C increases physical and mental activity, strengthens blood vessels, improves the functioning of the nervous system and endocrine glands, removes free radicals.

Indications and contraindications

In folk medicine, preference is given to the aerial part of the herb. That is where the main benefit lies. It has a diuretic, antihelminthic, wound healing, soothing, anti-inflammatory and tonic effects.

Thistle field is shown under the following conditions:

• nephritis and bone tuberculosis;
• tonsillitis, pharyngitis, acute form of tonsillitis;
• jaundice and liver pathology;
• defeat by worms;
• insomnia, hysteria, neuroses.

Contraindications to the use of thistle are:

• hypersensitivity to the drug;
• age up to 3 years;
• period of pregnancy and lactation.

The use of the plant by women in position can cause irreparable harm to the health of not only the mother, but also the baby. If you apply the herb externally, then there are no contraindications.

The plant helps to get rid of a variety of diseases: the cardiovascular system, respiratory tract, defense mechanism, skeletal system, kidneys, chronic gastroenteritis. Its medicinal properties are used in diets, strengthening immunity.

Application

Thistle field eliminates many diseases. It is used not only for medical, but also for domestic purposes. Dishes with thistle have a bright taste, they are useful, as they saturate the body with vitamins.

There are folk remedies using this herb.

ethnoscience

To eliminate the inflammatory process and stop hemoptysis, thistle decoction is used. You need to take 1 tbsp. l. plants, pour a glass of water and boil for 4 minutes. Then you should remove it from the stove and take it 4 times a day.

Sow thistle field
scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plants
The Department:	flowering plants
Class:	Dicotyledonous
Order:	Astroflowers
Family:	Asteraceae
Genus:
View:	Sow thistle field
International scientific name
Sonchus arvensis L., 1753
View in taxonomic databases
CoL

Sow thistle field, or yellow(lat. Sonchus arvensis) - perennial herbaceous plant aster family ( Asteraceae).

Description

Botanical illustration from the book by O. V. Tome "Flora von Deutschland, Osterreich und der Schweiz", 1885

top of a flowering plant

Inflorescence with faded baskets and infructescence

perennial with vertical rhizome and horizontal, thickened, long, cord-like roots, giving abundant adventitious buds. Stem 30-250 cm high, straight, in the upper part, together with peduncles, usually with glandular hairs or completely glabrous. The leaves are prickly, of various shapes: pinnately dissected, lobed, streaky, entire, with ears rounded at the base; upper leaves whole. Parts of the plant contain a white milky sap.

Baskets are usually numerous, rather large, up to 2.5-3 cm in diameter when open, arranged in a corymbose panicle. The flowers are small, reed, golden yellow, with a simple corolla-shaped perianth. The outer leaflets of the involucre are lanceolate, half as long as the linear-oblong inner ones.

Achenes are oval, slightly compressed, 2.5-3 mm long, 0.75-1 mm wide and 0.4 mm thick, dark brown in color, with 8-14 strongly protruding, longitudinal ribs. A fly of simple, soft white hairs, easily separated from the achenes and therefore usually absent.

Chemical composition

The aerial part of the plant contains fatty oils, sugars, ascorbic acid (which is especially abundant in the leaves during flowering) and other substances.

Spreading

The range covers almost all of Europe, the northern outskirts Central Asia, North Africa; Introduced to America, Australia and Japan. In Russia, it is distributed throughout the European part, in the Caucasus, the southern half of Western Siberia.

It is common in all natural and administrative regions of the Saratov Right Bank.

Features of biology and ecology

It grows along the banks of water bodies, swampy meadows, fields, especially tilled crops, vegetable gardens, fallows, clearings, along roads and in bushes.

A pernicious weed of the field and horticultural crops. It is especially harmful to spring crops.

The main taproot deepens into the ground by 20-30 cm, in rare cases - deeper than 50 cm. Long horizontal roots extend from this root, reaching 1 m or more in length, occurring no deeper than 6-12 cm and forming a whole dense a grid that gives rise to more and more above-ground shoots from numerous accessory buds. Even minor fragments of roots (up to 3 cm long) are able to take root and form shoots. Reproduction in crops occurs almost exclusively due to the formation of root offspring. Its ground organs die off after fruiting, and rosettes die off for the winter.

Blossoms in June - July (October), bears fruit in August - September. The plant produces up to 20,000 seeds.

Economic importance and application

In medicine

The aerial part of the plant during the flowering period and young leaves are used in folk medicine.

In other areas

Good honey plant. It gives an abundance of nectar, as well as pollen, and is eagerly visited by bees. In the US and Canada, it produces notable yields of white honey with a delicate, pleasant aroma.

Forage plant. Green mass and hay are fed to all farm animals.

From young leaves and stems prepare vitamin salads, soups, cabbage soup, seasonings for various meat, fish and vegetable dishes. To remove bitterness, the leaves are pre-soaked in saline for 30-40 minutes. When cooking soups and borsch, bitterness disappears completely, and in salads - only partially, but gives them a peculiar spicy taste.

Literature

• Glukhov M. M. Honey plants. Ed. 7th, revised. and additional - M.: Kolos, 1974. - S. 260
• Grisyuk N. M. and others. Wild food, technical and honey plants Ukraine / N. M. Grisyuk, I. L. Grinchak, E. Ya. Elin. - K .: Harvests, 1989. - ISBN 5-337-00334-8. - S. 99-100
• Elenevsky A. G., Radygina V. I., Bulany Yu. I. Plants of the Saratov Right Bank (compendium of flora). - Saratov: Sarat Publishing House. pedin-ta, 2000. - ISBN 5-87077-047-5. - p. 76
• Weeds of the USSR. T. IV / ed. B. A. Keller. - L .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1935. - S. 334-336
• Flora of Central Russia: Identifier Atlas / Kiseleva K. V., Maiorov S. R., Novikov V. S. Ed. prof. V. S. Novikov. - M.: CJSC "Fiton +", 2010. - S. 513-514

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What is field sow thistle, measures to combat it

Sow thistle field, or euphorbia, is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial of the Asteraceae family. It is popularly considered a weed due to its increased survivability. Therefore, the destruction of its thickets in the garden is included in the mandatory care of plantings. AT natural conditions found in fields, meadows, near swamps.

Description

A plant up to 1.5 m high, with a rough, hollow stem, woody at the base. On the cut, it releases a whitish milky juice.

Source: Depositphotos

Sow thistle is considered a weed

Branching rhizome: the central process lies at a depth of 50 cm, lateral - 5-10 cm. The leaves are serrated, prickly, dark green and glossy outside, faded inside. Blooms from June until the first frost.

The flowers are small, yellow in color, collected in small baskets. After flowering, it forms numerous pubescent seeds. It reproduces vegetatively and by seed self-pollination.

After removing the grass, the remaining root sprouts after 2-3 months. With the onset of autumn, the ground component dies off, and the root hibernates in the ground.

Control measures

Of all the sow thistle species, the field sow thistle is considered the most problematic in terms of destruction. There are several ways:

• Use a flat cutter to prune the plant when it is just emerging or at the stage of rosette formation. Do this carefully so as not to damage the roots. Otherwise, thistle will soon reappear. Even if particles remain in the ground, repeat this procedure several times at the slightest germination. Gradually, the depletion of the root system and the complete extinction of the weed occur.
• If flowering has already occurred, do not allow the seeds to ripen. Tear out the stem along with the root or cut with a sharp tool under the base. Use the grass as compost, as a mulching raw material.
• The easiest option to perform is to cover the root space of garden crops with a mulching compound. It will prevent the germination of thistle. If there are shoots, remove and also use as mulch.

Sowing green manure in the area will be an effective prevention, which will improve soil fertility and prevent the growth of weeds.

Due to the increased pricklyness, animals do not like this plant. But it attracts bees. The plant is an excellent honey plant.

It benefits cultural plantings by luring the attention of aphids to itself. Well absorbs mineral components from soil depths. Therefore, it serves as a nutritious compost.

Thistle field is often found on household plots. Usually it is considered a very malicious and very tenacious weed. This plant belongs to the Compositae family. His chemical composition quite rich, which determines its useful properties. The plant is widely used in cooking folk remedies. Thistle grows everywhere, as it is not very fastidious and can grow even on dry soils with high content salt.

Medicinal properties of garden thistle

Reproduction of the plant occurs in 2 ways: vegetative and seed. That is why the plant is considered one of the most malicious and tenacious weeds. Even if the root system of the plant is damaged, new sprouts appear on it, which subsequently lead to seedlings.

If sow thistle seeds got deep into the ground, they do not lose their vegetative properties for 20 years.

Getting rid of the plant forever is unlikely to succeed. But it is worth mentioning its beneficial properties that can cure many diseases. The use of thistle for medicinal purposes is widespread throughout the world.

Healing properties of thistle:

• Reduces body temperature.
• Relieves headaches.
• Relieves the condition in the presence of hemorrhoids.

Collect and harvest ground parts of the plant best summer or in the first autumn month. Harvesting of roots is carried out in the second autumn month. Raw materials are washed and laid out in a place where the sun does not fall.

What treats thistle yellow

Garden sow thistle can be attributed to both perennial and annual plants. The plant may have branched or de straight stems. Top part stem grows without leaves.

Thistle has a fairly wide habitat: it loves rich and moist soils, but also grows on dry and too salty ones.

The plant can be propagated by seeds or vegetatively. Many struggle with this plant with the help of weeding, which is carried out every few weeks. It is important to note that thistle is not only a weed, but also a medicinal plant.

What treats yellow thistle:

• Jaundice;
• Inflammation of the stomach, intestines and lungs;
• Gastroenteritis;
• Angina;
• Nephritis;
• Osteoarticular tuberculosis;
• Fever.

The plant must be properly harvested and prepared, otherwise it will lose all its useful properties. It is important to note that the plant can not be stored for more than one year. The weight medicines based on thistle should be used only after consultation with a specialist.

Medicinal properties of pink thistle

Thistle pink, field thistle or honey plant is a herbaceous dioecious plant with strong roots. Sow this species is distinguished by honey productivity. You can meet the plant in the field, on the side of the road, in a wasteland, in garbage places, on the shore of a reservoir (most often found in marsh thistle) and in the garden. This is a weed that is very difficult to get rid of.

The chemical composition of thistle is still not fully understood, but it is known that the plant is rich in tannins, alkaloids, glycosides, fats, resins and essential oils.

To prepare medicine from pink thistle, it is necessary to properly prepare the root of the plant, which should be dug out in the second autumn month. Dry the root in the shade, in the fresh air. Traditional medicine does not use thistle, as its chemical composition is not fully known.

Medicinal properties of the bodyak:

• Fights inflammatory processes.
• Relieves itching.
• Relieves eczema and pimples.
• Eliminates headaches.
• Helps with epilepsy.
• Effective in nervous diseases.

The bodyak is poisonous plant, therefore, you should clearly know the dosage and take a medicine based on it only after consulting a doctor. Thistle is also used for cooking cosmetics. A decoction of thistle root helps to cope with seborrhea.

Thistle grass: what diseases it treats

Thistle field is a malicious weed that gardeners are trying to fight mercilessly. However, traditional healers use it to prepare medicinal formulations. Sow thistle is a magnificent honey plant with medicinal properties.

Sow thistle copes well with various neuroses, vascular diseases, hemorrhoids, fever, headaches, tonsillitis, osteoarticular tuberculosis, nephritis, chronic gastoenteritis.

Sow thistle leaves are used when dieting. The herb has a general strengthening effect. The composition of the plant is poorly understood, but it is known that it contains vitamin C, carotene, alkaloids, tartaric acid, tannins, and fatty oils. Roots, leaves and shoots have medicinal properties.

Useful properties of thistle:

• Relieves inflammation;
• Stops bleeding;
• Treats ulcers;
• Heals wounds;
• Calms the nervous system;
• Relieves hemorrhoids;
• Treats inflammation of the internal organs.

With the help of sow thistle, you can fight liver diseases. It also has an effective effect on the treatment of gout. It is important to properly collect and dry the plant so that it does not lose its beneficial properties.

Field thistle plant (video)

The meaning of the word sow thistle is defined as a weed, the same as wheatgrass. Propagated by the plant with the help of seeds and vegetatively. If we consider a plant close-up, you can see that its flowers consist of many petals. The plant attracts bees, which make thistle honey. Not everyone knows that this plant has beneficial properties and has a healing effect. The plant looks different, as it can be yellow, blue and pink.

A prickly plant with yellow flowers, thickets of which are found along river banks, in forest glades and in fields, is well known to all gardeners and gardeners. Most perceive it as a weed that needs to be disposed of as soon as possible.

However, this plant has a lot of advantages. Any beekeeper will confirm that thistle honey is one of the best, traditional medicine has long been using medicinal properties"weed", and folk culinary traditions contain recipes for interesting and healthy (especially after winter) dishes. Sow thistle field can be useful to everyone, but for correct use you need to know its useful properties.

Did you know? In Europe, there were ideas about sow thistle as a miraculous plant that has supernatural properties. It was believed that bathing the patient in his decoction could heal almost any disease. In Poland, they believed that sow thistle protects from the evil eye or witchcraft, relieves fear. East Slavic folk traditions associated thistle with evil spirit. So, the legend has been preserved, according to which, when God endowed people with useful plants, Satan demanded something for himself in return for his help in creation. God gave him oats, but the apostles Paul and Peter did not want to deprive people of this useful plant and arranged so that Satan would forget the name "oats" and "remember" thistle. And now the evil spirit sows thistle among the wheat and rye, spreads its seeds in gardens and orchards.

Sow thistle: description

Sow thistle (lat. Sonchus)- a group of herbaceous annuals and perennials that belong to the Asteraceae family. More than 70 species of plants are included in the genus of thistle.

Their common generic features are:

• 0.5-1.8 m - height;
• vertical root, which lies to a depth of 4 m, and horizontal roots located in upper layers soils up to 50 cm, form a dense root system;
• erect stem, slightly thorny, with a lignified base. The stems are branched, glabrous or with a glandular edge of prickly hairs;
• leaves with prickly-toothed edges of green color differ in shape - pinnate, lobed, dissected, etc .;
• in June they bloom with small-tongued yolk-colored flowers (they grow in baskets with a wrapper at the base). Flowering ends in October;
• seeds (6500 in one plant) with a tuft of fine hairs, easily carried by the wind, do not have a dormant period.

Sow thistle has become widespread in Eurasia (and has also been introduced to North America and Australia).

Most often in middle lane meet:

• field sow thistle (S. Arvensis), yellow, euphorbia- description appearance basically coincides with the generic one. Of the features - perennial up to 1.8 m high. Inner side the leaves are dull, the outer is dark and shiny, the leaves are prickly, rough, with jagged edges. Developed taproot and lateral roots with large quantity kidneys. The flowers are golden yellow in color, bloom in multi-flowered baskets in June-October. In the sow thistle field, the medicinal properties are most pronounced;

Important!-root offspring plant (propagated primarily by root offspring). When weeding, the remaining pieces of roots (at least 3 cm) in the ground give life to new plants. Reproduction also occurs by seeds, which can be in the ground and wait for a favorable moment for up to 20 years. Thanks to the vertical roots, the plant has access to minerals that lie deep. Ground part of thistle-valuable mulch, thanks to which garden plants receive nutrients.

• sow thistle (S. Oleraceus), or hare lettuce, milkman, tragus and others, grows up to 1 m (annual plant). Stem - with burgundy hues, naked and hollow, more branched. The leaves are rich green, long, juicy and soft. The shape of the upper and lower leaves is different: the first - with antennae, the second - lyre-shaped. It blooms from July to September with yellow flowers in a panicle (on pedicels - spines). Young stems and leaves are edible.

The chemical composition of thistle

Sow thistle is not of industrial interest either for animal husbandry as fodder or for official medicine as medicinal plant. Special Scientific research thistle was not carried out.

However, scientists have identified useful elements in sow thistle:

• ascorbic acid, alkaloids, carotene (most of them are found in aboveground parts plants);
• fatty oils, saponin, tartaric, oxalic, lactic, malic and other acids, tannins (stem, leaves);
• choline, inulin (most of all in the roots);
• light narcotic compounds (in leaves, stem, flowers);
• rubber (in juice), etc.

Thanks to these substances, thistle is of interest to traditional medicine.

Important! Sow thistle should be harvested during its flowering period. Leaves and shoots are subject to collection at this time. Dry the collected material should not be in the sun, in one layer, on a canvas or mesh (so that there is an inflow fresh air). The resulting raw material is stored in paper bags one year. The roots are harvested in September-October. The rhizomes extracted from the ground must be washed, cut into small pieces and dried (in a shady place). Roots should be stored for two years.

Why sow thistle is useful: medicinal properties for the human body

Man has long adapted to find more or less useful properties of surrounding plants and apply them. Sow thistle is no exception, especially since this plant contains truly healing substances (recipes for potions from sow thistle are presented in ancient Chinese healing treatises).

Benefits of leaves and stems

Thistle grass (first of all, stems and leaves) shows its medicinal properties due to the presence of vitamins, alkaloids, choline and other useful substances.

These properties include:

• diuretic and laxative;
• diaphoretic;
• bactericidal;
• painkiller;
• anti-inflammatory;
• anthelmintic;
• removal of a hangover syndrome and heartburn;
• normalization of the liver and intestinal microflora;
• lowering cholesterol;
• stimulation of the activity of the heart and blood vessels;
• beneficial effect on the intestines;
• pressure reduction;
• wound healing;
• removal of free radicals from the body;
• stimulation of hematopoiesis, etc.

Very useful just vitamin tonic tea from the stems and leaves ( 1 st. spoon to a glass of boiling water, brew for 20 minutes. Drink on an empty stomach in the morning and evening).

Young leaves of thistle field, crushed into gruel, are used as a hemostatic and healing agent - superimposed on the wound (in this case, a slight burning sensation will be felt). The drug is valid for two hours, after which you need to replace it with a new one.

What is useful underground part of thistle

Due to the high content of inulin, choline and alkaloids, sow thistle rhizomes help in the treatment of inflammatory processes in the kidneys, bone tuberculosis, and diarrhea. High hemostatic and immunostimulating properties of sow thistle roots are used in oncological diseases.

Did you know? Boiled sow thistle roots palatability comparable to earthen pear (Jerusalem artichoke). In cooking, they are used in the preparation of salads.

The use of thistle in folk medicine

Sow thistle garden and field have similar medicinal properties. This was noticed by the people, and both plants have long been used in folk healing. However, it should be recalled that before using traditional medicine methods, it is advisable to consult with your doctor.

Thistle juice

thistle juice white color, viscous consistency - "milky" juice - is a remedy for external treatment:

• warts (lubricate with fresh juice);
• carbuncles, abscesses, pimples;
• bleeding wounds (including with snake bites).

Thistle juice well weakens and promotes diuretic processes. In case of opium poisoning, it helps to cleanse the body. In the complex treatment of breast cancer, an emulsion of whipped juice with egg yolk is used. Among the recommendations there are tips for breastfeeding breast milk: to enhance lactation, you should drink milk with sugar and thistle juice 1 teaspoon three times a day.

Sow thistle decoction

Decoctions are made from all parts of the plant. The yellow sow-thistle field is especially valued for decoctions - the treatment is more effective and the healing properties are more pronounced. Decoctions of leaves and stems help with inflammation, stop bleeding in the lungs, and relieve pain in the liver.

For a decoction, you need 1 tbsp. Boil a spoonful of thistle in 200 ml of water and cook for 3 minutes. Drink three times a day. A decoction is used to heal ulcerative wounds (compresses are applied).

To reduce hemorrhoidal manifestations, a decoction is added to sitz baths (4-5 tablespoons of dried sow thistle per liter of water, boil for 5 minutes. Take baths for 15 minutes three times a week).

A decoction of the roots serves as a remedy for jade (1 tablespoon of finely chopped root, pour 500 ml of boiling water and cook for 5 minutes). Drink three times a day for a tablespoon. The medicine should be taken from 14 to 60 days (the timing depends on the reaction of the body and the stage of the disease).

Sow thistle infusion

Helps with headaches nervous disorders, with liver diseases, has a tonic effect.

For infusion requires a tablespoon of dried thistle in a glass of water. Pour boiling water over raw materials, close tightly and leave for an hour. Drink one tablespoon 4 times a day (from 45 to 90 days). Rinsing with sow thistle infusion helps with periodontal disease.

Thistle tincture for alcohol

An effective remedy for diabetes, oncological diseases, bone tuberculosis, hepatitis is thistle tincture on alcohol. For tincture, finely chopped thistle root and alcohol (from 40 to 80 degrees) are required. It is necessary to fill the roots with alcohol (1x1), put in a dark place for 21 days (sometimes you need to shake). Keep refrigerated.

The tincture should be taken according to a special system: on the first day - three times two drops, the next day - three drops, then reduce to two drops, etc.

With sensorimotor disorders (syndrome restless legs) how effective and long active remedy recommend vodka tincture of sow thistle flowers. Pour vodka into a glass container with flowers and leave for 21 days in a dark place. You don't need to strain. Tincture should wipe the legs at night (attacks usually occur at night).

The use of honey from thistle

Thistle honey is highly valued for its taste and medicinal properties. When harvested, honey is transparent with a yellowish or greenish tinge, with a light floral aroma. Crystallization occurs after six months - it turns into a soft paste of white or caramel color. The taste is rich, with a delicate aftertaste. The energy value- 304 kcal. The collection period is long - from July to October. From 1 ha, bees collect an average of 120-140 kg of nectar per season.

Especially such honey is useful for colds, during recovery after illnesses and operations. Increases endurance and mental activity. Due to the strong antiseptic effect, it is used in the treatment of peptic ulcer, boils, wounds. Recommended for children and the elderly to strengthen the immune system. Thistle honey tea stimulates lactation in breastfeeding women. Its regular use is recommended for nervous exhaustion and permanent stressful situations.