Poisonous plants and their medicinal and poisonous properties. Medicinal plants with contraindications and poisonous properties
Some medicinal plants contain poisonous and potent substances. Therefore, when using them, it is necessary to maintain the exact dosage and carry out treatment under the supervision of a physician. Here are some plants to use with care:
Apricot ordinary-seeds contain poisonous
amygdolin. If you eat more than 20 g of seeds, you can get a severe
poisoning and possibly death.
Avral officinalis- the plant is very poisonous, when taken in large
doses causes uncontrollable, persistent vomiting.
Adonis spring- a poisonous plant. Must be followed exactly
dosage. White acacia is a poisonous plant. Aconite officinalis
- an extremely poisonous plant. Use only under supervision
doctor.
mountain arnica- a poisonous plant. Avoid when taken orally
overdose.
Ledum marsh- a poisonous plant. The collection may include
more than 1 tablespoon of herbs.
Periwinkle- a poisonous plant. Applies only
under the supervision of a physician.
Colchicum autumn is a very poisonous plant. Treatment
carried out only under the supervision of a physician.
Henbane black is a very poisonous plant.
hemlock spotted is a deadly poisonous plant.
Budra ivy- a poisonous plant. Applies to collections only.
by doctor's prescription. Elder grass is a poisonous plant.
It is used only as directed by a doctor.
small basil
doctor's prescription.
Common cherry- the seeds of the plant are poisonous.
wolfberry is a very poisonous plant.
field bindweed- a poisonous plant.
Galega officinalis- a poisonous plant.
Common harmala- a poisonous plant.
Highlander pepper- a poisonous plant.
Highlander- a poisonous plant.
Gryzhnik naked- a poisonous plant. When taking, strictly observe
dosage.
Melilot officinalis- a poisonous plant.
Gorse dyeing- high doses cause poisoning, similar to
nicotine poisoning. Take with caution.
Common oak- decoctions of the bark in large quantities cause
vomiting. Treatment requires medical supervision. Children are not inside
assign.
Datura vulgaris- a poisonous plant. Do not take inside.
Common cocklebur
dosage.
Dymyanka officinalis- a poisonous plant. Applies only to
doctor's prescription.
Wallflower- a poisonous plant.
Larkspur field- a poisonous plant.
common goldenrod- a poisonous plant. Strictly observe
dosage.
Potato- green and germinated tubers are poisonous due to the large
the amount of alkaloids.
Kirkazon ordinary- a poisonous plant. Duration
baths with a decoction of kirkazon should not exceed 15 minutes.
Oxalis ordinary- a poisonous plant. Observe dosage.
European hoof is a highly poisonous plant. Apply with
great care.
Crosswort flat-leaved (rhomboid)- most alkaloids
ragwort has a carcinogenic effect.
Buckthorn brittle- a poisonous plant. Use is associated with
danger of poisoning (nausea, vomiting).
Yellow capsule- a poisonous plant.
Water lily white- a poisonous plant.
European bathing suit- poisonous plant (especially roots).
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Kupena officinalis All parts of the plant are poisonous, especially the berries.
May lily of the valley- a poisonous plant.
common flax- toxic in overdose.
Poppy sleeping pills- a poisonous plant. When taking Maca preparations
drug addiction occurs. Take only under control
doctor.
Common juniper- a poisonous plant.
Soapweed officinalis- in large doses causes dyspepsia
reactions. Requires strict medical supervision.
foxglove purple is a highly poisonous plant. Applies
only on doctor's orders.
Comfrey officinalis- a poisonous plant. Internal application
requires strict dosage.
mistletoe- a poisonous plant. When ingesting, observe
caution.
stonecrop- poisonous plant, used with caution.
Full-time field color- a poisonous plant.
male fern is a highly poisonous plant. Do not appoint-I tea at
low blood pressure, kidney and liver disease, stomach ulcers and
duodenum, pregnancy.
Nightshade bittersweet- a poisonous plant.
Nightshade black- a poisonous plant. Ingestion requires
caution.
White step- a poisonous plant. An overdose may cause
bloody diarrhea and nephritis.
Water pepper- a poisonous plant.
Common tansy- toxic. Contraindicated in pregnant women and children.
Peony evasive is a highly poisonous plant. Internal application
requires caution and strict dosage.
Ivy- a poisonous plant. In case of hypersensitivity, contact with
raw materials can cause dermatitis.
Wormwood- Prolonged use may lead to
intoxication.
Meadow lumbago is a very poisonous plant.
Radiola rosea (golden root)- Accurately observe the dosage. Treatment
carried out under medical supervision.
golden rhododendron- a poisonous plant. Overdose may
cause poisoning. Contraindicated in kidney disease.
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Ruta odorous- Poisonous in large doses. Contraindicated for pregnant women
women.
Senna- cassia holly (leaves) - large doses cause
stomach colic.
Lilac- a poisonous plant. Inside use with caution.
Plum house
Ergot (uterine horns) is a highly poisonous plant. Application
requires very great care and obligatory medical
control.
Tamus ordinary- a poisonous plant. Irritates food
digestive tract, causes vomiting and diarrhea. Apply both internally and
outside with care.
Thermopsis lanceolate- a poisonous plant.
Thorn (blackthorn) prickly The seeds are poisonous (amigdolin).
Yarrow- must be strictly adhered to
dosage. Prolonged use and overdose cause
dizziness and skin rashes.
Fragrant violet- a poisonous plant.
Physalis vulgaris - calyx fruits are poisonous.
Common hop- a poisonous plant. The treatment is carried out under
doctor's supervision.
Cheremitsa white is a very poisonous plant. Outdoor use also
can cause severe poisoning, even death.
Blackroot officinalis - poisonous plant.
Chistets forest- a poisonous plant.
Large celandine- a poisonous plant, all parts are poisonous, especially
roots. Strictly follow dosage.
Ephedra two spikelets- a poisonous plant. Inside use with
caution in hypertension, atherosclerosis, severe
organic pathologies.
Fraxinella- contact with the plant, especially during flowering,
can cause severe skin lesions such as burns, which
painful and difficult to heal.
Ash high- a poisonous plant.
Video with photos of poisonous plants
Videos poisonous houseplants
Related Articles
Poisonous plants requiring special attentionSome medicinal plants contain poisonous and potent substances.
Therefore, when using them, it is necessary to maintain the exact dosage and carry out treatment.
under the supervision of a doctor. Here are some plants to use with care
Apricot ordinary - the seeds contain poisonous amygdoline. If eat
more than 20 g of seeds, you can get severe poisoning, and possibly fatal
Exodus.
Avran officinalis - the plant is very poisonous, when taken in large doses
causes uncontrollable, persistent vomiting.
Spring Adonis is a poisonous plant. The dosage must be exactly followed.
White acacia is a poisonous plant.
Aconite officinalis is an extremely poisonous plant. Apply only under
doctor's control.
Arnica mountain is a poisonous plant. When taken orally, avoid overdose.
Marsh rosemary is a poisonous plant. The collection can include no more than 1
a tablespoon of herbs.
Periwinkle is a poisonous plant. Used only under medical supervision
Colchicum autumn is a very poisonous plant. Treatment is only for
doctor's control.
Black henbane is a very poisonous plant.
Spotted hemlock is a deadly poisonous plant.
Budra ivy is a poisonous plant. Applies to collections by appointment only
doctor.
Elder grass is a poisonous plant. It is used only as directed by a doctor.
Small basil is a poisonous plant. It is used only as directed by a doctor.
Common cherry - the seeds of the plant are poisonous.
The common wolfberry is a very poisonous plant.
Field bindweed is a poisonous plant.
Galega officinalis - a poisonous plant
Common harmala is a poisonous plant.
Knotweed is a poisonous plant.
Knotweed is a poisonous plant.
Gryzhnik naked is a poisonous plant. When taking, strictly observe the dosage.
Sweet clover is a poisonous plant.
Dye gorse - high doses cause poisoning similar to poisoning
nicotine. Take with caution.
Oak ordinary - decoctions of the bark in large quantities cause vomiting. During treatment
medical supervision is required. Do not administer to children inside.
Datura vulgaris is a poisonous plant. Do not take inside.
Common cocklebur is a poisonous plant. Strictly follow the dosage.
Dymyanka officinalis is a poisonous plant. Applies only as directed
doctor.
Garden wallflower is a poisonous plant.
The field larkspur is a poisonous plant.
The common goldenrod is a poisonous plant. Strictly follow the dosage.
Potatoes - green and sprouted tubers are poisonous due to the large amount
alkaloids.
Kirkazon ordinary is a poisonous plant. Duration of decoction baths
Kirkazone should not exceed 15 minutes.
Oxalis vulgaris is a poisonous plant. Observe dosage.
European hoof is a highly poisonous plant. Apply with a large
caution.
Ragwort flat-leaved (rhomboid) - most of the alkaloids of the ragwort
has a carcinogenic effect.
Brittle buckthorn is a poisonous plant. Use is associated with the risk of poisoning
(nausea, vomiting).
The yellow pod is a poisonous plant.
The white water lily is a poisonous plant.
European swimsuit is a poisonous plant (especially the roots).
Kupena medicinal - all parts of the plant are poisonous, especially berries.
May lily of the valley is a poisonous plant.
Common flaxseed is toxic in case of overdose.
Sleeping poppy is a poisonous plant. When taking Maca preparations, there is
drug addiction. Take only under medical supervision.
Common juniper is a poisonous plant.
Soapweed officinalis - in large doses causes dyspeptic reactions.
Requires strict medical supervision.
Purple foxglove is a highly poisonous plant. Applies only to
doctor's prescription.
Comfrey is a poisonous plant. Internal application requires strict
dosage.
Mistletoe is a poisonous plant. Be careful when ingesting.
Stonecrop is a poisonous plant, used with caution.
The field flower is a poisonous plant.
The male fern is a highly poisonous plant. Not prescribed for low
blood pressure, kidney and liver diseases, stomach ulcers and
duodenum, pregnancy.
Bittersweet nightshade is a poisonous plant.
Black nightshade is a poisonous plant. Ingestion requires caution.
White step is a poisonous plant. Overdose can cause blood
diarrhea and nephritis.
Water pepper is a poisonous plant.
Common tansy is toxic. Contraindicated in pregnant women and children.
The elusive peony is a highly poisonous plant. Internal application requires
caution and strict dosage.
Ivy is a poisonous plant. In case of hypersensitivity, contact with the raw material may
cause dermatitis.
Wormwood - long-term use can lead to intoxication.
Meadow lumbago is a very poisonous plant.
Rhodiola rosea (golden root) - strictly observe the dosage. Treatment to carry out
under the supervision of a physician.
Golden rhododendron is a poisonous plant. An overdose may cause
poisoning. Contraindicated in kidney disease.
Rue odorous - poisonous in large doses. Contraindicated in pregnant women.
Senna - Cassia holly (leaves) - large doses cause stomach cramps.
Lilac is a poisonous plant. Inside use with caution.
Plum home - seeds are poisonous (amigdolin).
Ergot (uterine horns) is a highly poisonous plant. Application requires very
great care and mandatory medical supervision.
Tamus vulgaris is a poisonous plant. Irritates the digestive tract
causes vomiting and diarrhea. Apply both internally and externally with caution.
Thermopsis lanceolate is a poisonous plant.
The blackthorn (thorn) is prickly - the seeds are poisonous (amigdolin).
Yarrow ordinary - it is necessary to strictly observe the dosage. long
use and overdose cause dizziness and skin rashes.
Fragrant violet is a poisonous plant.
Physalis vulgaris - the calyces of the fruit are poisonous.
Common hop is a poisonous plant. Treatment is carried out under medical supervision.
Cheremitsa white is a very poisonous plant. Outdoor use can also
cause severe poisoning, even death.
Black root is a poisonous plant.
Chistets forest - a poisonous plant.
Great celandine is a poisonous plant, all parts are poisonous, especially the roots. Strictly
follow the dosage.
Ephedra bicuspid is a poisonous plant. Inside use with caution
with hypertension, atherosclerosis, severe organic pathologies.
Ash tree - contact with the plant, especially during flowering, can cause
severe skin lesions, like burns, that are painful and difficult to heal.
The high ash is a poisonous plant.
Fragrant woodruff is a poisonous plant. Overdose causes vomiting,
headache and dizziness appear. Possible fatal outcome.
MEDICINAL AND POISONOUS PLANTS
Since ancient times, people have noticed medicinal properties in some plants. True, it was not known what they were connected with, and they explained them with magic (that's why connoisseurs of medicinal herbs were burned at the stake in the Middle Ages as witches and sorcerers). To collect herbs, they waited for a special arrangement of the stars, fasted, bathed before that in dew, read spells.
Man was also aware that some plants are poisonous. From time immemorial, the natives of South America have smeared their arrows and spears with curare (shooting poison). It was obtained from plants of the Loganiaceae family containing strychnine. The most famous representative of this family is the chilibukha (emetic nut), which grows in tropical Asia. Once in the blood, strychnine causes paralysis of the spinal cord and death. Europeans called curare "silent death". One poisoned arrow could kill a jaguar. Now curare is used to deprive experimental animals of the ability to move.
But the most surprising thing was that the same plants could be both medicinal and poisonous, depending on the method of application and dose. For example, foxgloves, known for their bright (yellow, purple) thimble-shaped flowers, are poisonous, but good heart remedies are obtained from them.
Similar medicines are obtained from oleander (by the way, it is also a houseplant). Meanwhile, the juice of this plant is very poisonous. Once in Italy, several French soldiers roasted meat on oleander skewers. Of the 12 participants in this dinner, 8 died of poisoning. By the way, the bird of prey, honey buzzard, decorating its nest with green oleander branches, thus cleans it of microbes and insects.
And what about plants such as, for example, the South American coca bush? The alkaloid (cocaine) obtained from it is an anesthetic, but, in addition, a dangerous drug.
Involuntarily, I would like to agree with the opinion of Paracelsus: "Only one dose makes a substance a poison and a medicine."
VALERIAN
Healing or poisonous substances of plants can act in completely different ways on different animals. This is perfectly illustrated by the example of valerian officinalis. For humans, valerian tincture is known to be a sedative. And for cats - exciting. It is no coincidence that valerian is called cat root and meow! Readers of Mark Twain's The Adventures of Tom Sawyer probably remember the episode when Tom treated Peter the cat with valerian drops: . Then he danced in the middle of the room in wild merriment, bowing his head to his shoulder and howling with indomitable joy. Then he rushed around the house, sowing chaos and destruction in his path.
ANCHAR
We know Anchar thanks to a poem by Alexander Pushkin:
In the desert stunted and stingy,
On the ground, the heat of the red-hot,
Anchar, like a formidable sentry,
Worth - alone in the entire universe.
The nature of the thirsty steppes
She gave birth to him on the day of wrath,
And green dead branches
And watered the roots with poison.
Poison drips through its bark,
By noon melted from the heat,
And freezes in the evening
Thick transparent resin.
Not even a bird flies to him,
And the tiger does not go: only a black whirlwind
Will run into the tree of death -
And rushes away, already pernicious.
Impressive picture, isn't it? But from the point of view of botany, this description of the poisonous anchar is not entirely accurate. It grows in South Asia and, together with mulberries and figs, belongs to the mulberry family. Its milky juice is really poisonous, and the inhabitants of Java even poisoned their arrows with it. But even this milky juice is not fatal. And all other parts of the plant are simply harmless. And of course, birds can safely sit on its branches without fear of being poisoned.
WHAT IS THE HEALING POWER OF THE PLANTS?
The "father of medicine" Hippocrates believed that the healing power of a medicinal plant lies in a unique mixture of its live juices. Galen, on the contrary, began to boil or infuse plants with water or wine, receiving "galenic preparations" and highlighting the "healing principle."
Paracelsus believed that the "healing principle" is a special chemical substance, and the doctor must purify it. But such substances were discovered only at the beginning of the 19th century, when substances with alkaline properties were first discovered in plants - alkaloids (which means “like alkalis”): caffeine and strychnine (1819), quinine (1821), etc. All of them had a strong effect on the human body (although alkaloids are not the only such substances in plants). The discovery of alkaloids in terms of its significance for botany was compared with the discovery of iron by man.
TERIAC
In ancient times, theriac was considered an antidote for any poisoning, as well as a panacea for all diseases. There is a legend that in the 1st c. BC e. King Mithridates of Pontus, fearing poisoning, used theriac every day. When Mithridates was defeated by the Romans, he could not commit suicide with poison, since no poison had any effect on him, and was forced to stab himself. The basis of theriac was snake meat, and the total number of its components reached a hundred. All these parts were ground into a porridge and mixed with honey. This was sometimes done solemnly, with a large gathering of the public. But by the beginning of the 20th century theriac was gradually forgotten and became the property of history.
In small doses, toxic substances have a therapeutic effect, and species containing these substances are also medicinal plants. Therefore, the use of medicinal plants requires caution and the mandatory recommendation of specialists.
Many species of medicinal plants are very rare. Harvesting of such plants is impossible and unacceptable. These species include - thyme (thyme), May lily of the valley, walnut lotus, calamus marsh.
In folk medicine, a lichen is very often used - wandering parmelia (cut-grass, crow's feet - a popular name). Harvesting of this plant is possible everywhere. Parmelia develops on loamy and clayey slopes of Baer hillocks and hills throughout the region. The collection takes place in May.
Mass harvesting of medicinal plants in the region is not carried out, but there is such a possibility.
2. Characteristics of some poisonous medicinal plants used in herbal medicine
2.1 Spring Adonis
Adonis spring (Adonis) - Adonis vernalis L. Ranunculus family.
Description. Perennial herbaceous plant 20-60 cm high. The rhizome is dark brown, slightly branched. The stems are not all flower-bearing, at the base covered with brown leaves in the form of scales. The flowers are light yellow, blooming singly at the ends of the stems, large - up to 6 cm wide, brownish below; the petals of the flower are oblong, prostrate. Blooms until mid-May.
Applied parts: flowers and leaves (10-15 cm of the upper part of the stem with a flower).
It is pointless and unreasonable to pull out the roots of a plant. Adonis is one of the largest and most beautiful flowers in our country, and predatory mass collections of flowers lead to its extermination.
Habitats. Distributed in the forest-steppe and steppe, especially in the black earth, zones; in the west - in places.
Chemical composition. The herb contains cardiac glycosides (cymarin, adonitoxin, etc.), saponins, adonidoside, adonylic acid, quinones, phytosterol and coumarins.
Application. According to the nature of the action on the heart, scientific medicine determines preparations of adonis between strophanthus and foxglove.
Adonis spring regulates the heart and nervous system, has a beneficial effect on shortness of breath, a slight increase in heart rate, liver enlargement and edema, as it has a diuretic effect.
Contraindications. Adonis preparations are contraindicated in gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer, gastritis, enterocolitis and angina pectoris.
In folk medicine, an infusion of adonis is used for inflammation of the kidneys, shortness of breath, swelling of the legs and for infectious diseases (typhoid, influenza, scarlet fever, etc.).
Ways to use. 1. Pour 1 teaspoon of adonis with one glass of boiling water, stir and cover the glass with a saucer for 20-30 minutes. Filter and take one tablespoon (one sip) 6 times a day (with an interval of 2 hours); 2. Adonis is an important component in a mixture of medicinal herbs used for kidney diseases: Adonis - 4.0 g; bearberry leaves - 5.0 g; birch buds - 3.0 g; horsetail herbs - 2.0 g.
The mixture is poured with 300 g of boiling water in a thermos, infused for 2 hours with periodic shaking of the mixture in one direction. Take 1 tablespoon (sip) every hour. Experienced doctors at the same time prescribe a milk salt-free diet, bed rest and a bath every other day (43 ° C).
It should be remembered that the broth soon deteriorates, as a result of which it is prepared daily.
3. The industry produces cardiotonic preparations adonisbrom, adonizide in vials of 15 g from adonis herb. Adults are prescribed 20-30 drops 2-3 times a day, children - drops according to the number of years.
Treatment with adonis preparations is carried out only on the recommendation of a doctor and under his supervision.
2.2 Dye gorse (Genista tinctoria L)
Dye gorse (Genista tinctoria L) belongs to the legume family.
Description. Low branchy shrub 50-100 cm high. Stem without thorns. The leaves are alternate, simple, elongated along the axis, with lateral veins on the plates. Flowers in long racemes, golden yellow.
Flowering time: June, July and partially August.
Part used: upper leafy part of branches with flowers.
Harvest time: during flowering.
Spreading. It occurs everywhere along sandstone roads, along the edges and slopes of hills in the Volga region, the upper reaches of the Dnieper, in Western Siberia, on the Don and Ob, in the Baltic states.
Chemical composition. The gorse herb contains alkaloids (cytisine, methylcytisine, etc.), vitamin C, tannins and flavonoids. The flowers contain an essential oil.
Application. Medicinal preparations from gorse herb have a diuretic, lactogenic, laxative, choleretic, vasoconstrictive effect, stimulate the function of the thyroid gland, and contract the uterine muscle. They are used for edema of cardiac and renal origin, inflammation of the liver, gall bladder and bladder, as well as for rheumatism, gout and allergic dermatitis. Very helpful in uterine bleeding, bronchial asthma and bronchitis. Infusions and tinctures of gorse herb are prescribed for the treatment of lichen, scrofula, furunculosis, with skin lesions by a fungus.
The flowers and fruits of the gorse are used to remove warts.
Application methods.
1. Tincture for removing warts. Pour 10 g of gorse grass into 100 g of vodka, leave for a week. Cut a hole for the wart in a piece of plaster; apply a plaster so that the wart is in the hole, and the skin around the wart is sealed with a plaster. Moisten a cotton swab with tincture of gorse and apply to the wart overnight. Top with a piece of plastic wrap and bandage. The course of treatment is 7-10 days.
2. Infusion of gorse grass. Pour two teaspoons of herbs in a thermos with boiling water. Infuse for 2 hours, periodically shaking the infusion (2 cups). After 2 hours, strain the infusion, take 2 tablespoons (2 sips) every 2 hours. A day later, repeat the treatment procedure - until the onset of a therapeutic effect. The course of treatment will be determined by the attending physician.
Dye gorse is a poisonous plant, so it should be used only under the supervision and as directed by a doctor. The individual dose must also be determined by the doctor.
2.3 Common toadflax (snapdragon) - Linaria vulgaris Mill
Common flaxseed belongs to the norichnikov family
Description: A perennial herbaceous plant 30-50 cm high with a straight stem, in the upper part of which there is a dense brush of lemon-yellow or orange-yellow large flowers. The leaves are opposite, linear, lanceolate, densely growing on stems. The grass has a peculiar smell.
Flowering time: end of June beginning of September.
Application part: flower brush with leaves.
Harvest time: during the flowering period.
Distribution: common toadflax is distributed throughout the European part of Russia and Western Siberia.
Chemical composition: toadflax grass contains citric, formic, malic and acetic acids, alkaloid peganin, glycosides linarin, linarizin, saponin, carotene, vitamin C, pectin, tannins and other substances.
Application: flaxseed as a remedy is used only by traditional medicine. The famous healer M.A. Nosal recommends an aqueous infusion of flaxseed mixed with other medicinal herbs to treat inflamed eyes. He noticed in his personal medical practice that the use of flaxseed "generally improves vision." Tea from flaxseed (40 g per 1 liter of boiling water) is drunk for liver diseases, with intestinal swelling. For jaundice and kidney disease, flaxseed is used in a mixture with sandy immortelle (15 g of each herb) and corn stigmas (10 g).
An infusion of flax flowers is drunk for shortness of breath, dropsy, and headaches.
Externally, flaxseed steam helps to treat hemorrhoids, as well as boils and various ulcers.
Mode of application
1. Infusion of flax flowers. 1 tsp dried flowers are brewed with 1 cup of boiling water in a thermos. Insist for 15-20 minutes. Strain, squeeze and take as a laxative, diuretic or diaphoretic 1/3 or 1/2 cup 3 times a day half an hour before meals.
2. Water infusion of a mixture of herbs (recipe of phytotherapist M.A. Nosal): flaxseed, cornflower petals, black elderberry flowers and eyebright grass (1 part each). Pour boiling water over and leave for 8 hours. Cool, strain the infusion, moisten clean rags in the infusion and put on the closed eyelids of sore eyes (including from suppuration with scrofula). The same infusion (observing the uttermost ideal purity) M.A. Nosal was instilled into the eyes of the sick.
3. For the treatment of hemorrhoids and some skin diseases (lichen, eczema) M.A. Nosal made an ointment from a mixture of the following plants: 1 part flax flowers, 1 part oak bark, 1 part water pepper grass. Pour the mixture for 12 hours with melted lard, stirring the grass from time to time. Then heat the mixture, strain, pour into a jar, close with a plastic lid. Lubricate a small piece of gauze or cotton with ointment and insert completely into the anus. Leave the tampon for 5-6 hours. The ointment soothes pain, reduces inflammation and delays bleeding.
Common flax is a poisonous, potent plant. The course of treatment and individual dosage will be determined by the attending physician. In any case, the course of treatment should not exceed 7-10 days. If you need a second course, you need a 7-day break, during which, according to the doctor's decision, treatment with other drugs is possible.
2.4 Crazy cucumber - Ecballium elaterum Z
Crazy cucumber belongs to the gourd family.
Description. An annual rough plant. The stem is recumbent or ascending - up to 150 cm long. The leaves are cordate-ovate, crenate along the edge, grayish-felt below. The flowers are yellowish, collected in racemes on long peduncles.
Flowering time: June-July.
Part used: the whole plant - both the aerial part and the roots.
Warning: the plant is poisonous.
Harvest time: The aerial part is harvested during flowering, cut into pieces and dried in the shade. The raw material is considered ready if the stems, when bent, do not bend, but break. Roots are harvested in autumn.
Spreading. Crazy cucumber is distributed almost throughout Russia, but is more common in the Caucasus and Central Asia. Grows in garbage places, near hedgerows, along roadsides, along river banks.
Chemical composition. The raw material contains triterpenoids (curbitacins), carotenoids, steroids, alkaloids, organic acids, nitrogen-containing compounds (allantoin), vitamin C, higher fatty acids and other substances.
Application. Preparations from various parts of the plant have a laxative, diuretic, antimalarial, anthelmintic, antibacterial and antitumor agent.
Decoction and powder are used for malignant neoplasms of the uterus.
Infusion and decoction of the roots are prescribed for edema, malaria, inflammatory liver diseases and hemorrhoids.
The powder is used for fungal skin diseases.
For the treatment of long-term non-healing trophic ulcers, the aerial part of the plant is used.
A decoction of the fruit is used to treat rheumatism, abscesses, diarrhea, inflammatory diseases of the kidneys, colitis, hemorrhoids, inflammation of the nasal mucosa and as an analgesic.
Ways to use. 1. In case of disease of the paranasal sinuses, fresh juice is diluted with water in a ratio of 1:10 and instilled into the nose, 2-4 drops in each nostril. There should be sneezing, accompanied by suppuration. The procedure is repeated only after 3 days. If no positive effect is observed after double instillation of the juice, then further use of the drug is useless.
2. Infusion of crazy cucumber. One tablespoon of raw materials is poured into a thermos with a glass of boiling water and infused for half an hour. Strain. Then mix 1 tablespoon of infusion with 1 teaspoon of flour, apply to the ulcer and sore joint and bandage.
In case of a fungal skin disease, wipe the affected areas with infusion.
Crazy cucumber is a poisonous plant. Therefore, it can be used for therapeutic purposes only on the recommendation and under the supervision of a doctor.
2.5 Ivy Burda - Dlechoma hederacea L
The plant belongs to the mint family.
Description. Perennial herbaceous plant with a recumbent branched stem 20-50 cm long. Light purple (sometimes blue) flowers are collected 3 in axils of leaves. Leaves and flowers have a strong peculiar smell. Their taste is bitter, stinging.
Flowering time: from May to July.
Part used: grass.
Collection time: from May to July.
Spreading. Budra is distributed throughout the European part of Russia, in Ukraine, the Caucasus, Belarus, Siberia, occasionally in the Far East and Central Asia. It grows along roads, in forest edges, in meadows and gardens, along shady banks of rivers, lakes, marshes.
Chemical composition. Tannin (about 8%), a bitter substance, free amino acids (methionine, serine, cysteine), choline, carotene, saponins, essential oil (0.03-0.06%), resin, ascorbic acid were found in the budra grass.
Application. The bitterness contained in the budra improves appetite, digestion and general condition. Budra infusions and decoctions have anti-sclerotic, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, choleretic effects.
It is used for inflammation of the lungs, bronchitis, inflammation of the liver and gallbladder, with urolithiasis.
Outwardly, budra infusion is used for baths, washing and compresses for gout, bone fractures, various rashes, ulcers, wounds, scrofula, furunculosis.
Application methods.
1. Infusion 5 g of dried leaves in a glass of boiling water. Infuse for 20 minutes, strain, take 1/3 cup 3 times a day before meals.
2. Put a steam of leaves on a sore spot or a fracture, cover with a film and bandage. Change the bandage 2 times a day.
3. A mixture of three herbs is used as an expectorant: budry, European hoof and cocklebur. Pour 1 tablespoon of the mixture in a thermos with three cups of boiling water. Insist for half an hour, occasionally shaking the thermos with rotational movements (in one direction!). Strain, take half a glass 3 times a day after meals.
4. In chronic catarrh of the lungs, an infusion of the following mixture is considered a strong remedy in folk medicine: 2 tablespoons of budra, 2 tablespoons of poplar buds, 1 tablespoon of black elderberry. Steam the mixture of herbs in a thermos with 3 cups of boiling water. Insist 1 hour. Take half a glass 6 times a day.
5. The following mixture is considered a strong remedy for colds and coughs: 1 tablespoon of budra, 1 tablespoon of European hoof, 1 tablespoon of agrimony grass.
3 tablespoons of the mixture is poured into a thermos with 3 cups of boiling water and left to soar all night. In the morning, filter and drink half a glass a day in 6 doses.
6. Externally: skin areas infected with scabies are rubbed 2 times a day with a strong tincture of budra.
7. In case of lacrimation, apply rags soaked in a strong steam of budra leaves to the eyes.
The internal use of ivy bud requires caution, as this plant is poisonous. Check with your doctor.
2.6 Clematis-shaped Kirkazon (fenovnik) - Aristolochia clematis L
The plant belongs to the kirkazon family.
Description. Perennial herbaceous plant up to 90 cm high. Stem erect, unbranched. Leaves are heart-shaped, alternate. The yellow tubular flowers grow in clusters at the corners of the leaves.
Flowering time: May-early July.
Part used: grass and roots.
Collection time: during the flowering period, the grass is harvested, and the roots are harvested in the fall.
Spreading. Kirkazon clematis is distributed in the European part of Russia, in Belarus, Ukraine, the Caucasus and Transcaucasia. It grows along the steep banks of rivers and lakes, along flood meadows and ravines.
Chemical composition. The plant contains alkaloids aristocholine and magnoflorin, bitter and tannins, essential oil, organic and phenol carboxylic acids, glycoside, saponins and flavonoids, resins and other substances. The plant is highly poisonous.
Application: clinical studies have shown that kirkazon exhibits a vasodilating and diuretic effect, while lowering blood pressure. Decoctions of herbs and roots eliminate pain in the gastrointestinal tract, exhibit a laxative effect.
The plant increases the overall resistance of the organism to adverse climatic influences by activating the functions of the central nervous system.
Kirkazon preparations are antidotes for venomous snake bites.
Methods of use: 1. Infusion of the herb kirkazon. 1 tsp herbs pour 2 cups of warm boiled water. Infuse in a thermos for 8 hours, strain, squeeze. Take 1/4 cup 4 times a day after meals.
2. A decoction of the roots. 1 tsp Pour herbs with 1 cup of hot water, bring to a boil, hold in a water bath for 5 minutes, let stand in a thermos for 30 minutes, strain. Take warm 1 tbsp. l. 3 times a day after meals.
3. Outwardly, a decoction is used for purulent wounds, scrofula, skin rashes and snake bites.
Ways to use. 1. Infuse 1 g of hoof leaves for 3 hours in a thermos in 1 cup of slightly warm boiled water. Then strain, take 1 tbsp. l. 3 times a day. The hoof infusion is not prepared in hot water, much less boiled, since all the chemicals that are useful for treatment in the hoof disintegrate and disappear.
2. Infuse 2 g of rhizomes for 3 hours in 1 glass of barely warm boiled water. Strain, take 1 tbsp. l. 2 times a day.
3. For the treatment of alcoholism 1 tbsp. l. infusion from rhizomes is poured into a glass of vodka. But the drunkard should not know about it. The infusion will cause vomiting. It is believed that if each time the drinker is poured infusion, then frequent vomiting will cause the drinker to have a strong aversion to alcohol.
You need to know that the plant is highly poisonous, therefore, in case of an overdose after taking the hoof infusion, poisoning with the occurrence of vomiting, severe gastroenteritis, nephritis, and during pregnancy, abortion or even death is possible. By the way, many herbs are contraindicated for pregnant women, for example, celandine, oregano, lilac, St. John's wort, tansy, succession, and many others.
3. Precautions when using poisonous medicinal plants
Among even well-known medicinal plants, there are many poisonous, but successfully used for medicinal purposes. Therefore, one cannot self-medicate without an accurate diagnosis of the disease by the attending physician and without his recommendation or advice on the possibility of using folk remedies at home.
When collecting poisonous medicinal plants, precautions should be taken: do not taste, wash your hands after working with them, protect your eyes from dust with goggles.
It must be remembered that any herb, for some the most useful and harmless, for others can be a powerful allergen. Hay fever is a very serious condition caused only by the smell of herbs, but not the worst when an allergic reaction causes the airways to swell too quickly. Therefore, even the herb allowed for your treatment needs to be checked: is it compatible with the body of the person who uses it. Phytotherapists always warn patients that the minimum dose should be used at the first dose. And if a person feels worse, if a rash appears on his face and hands, in no case should you try to be treated with this particular herb. In the arsenal of both scientific and traditional medicine there are enough other herbs of life, very similar in chemical composition for the treatment of the same diseases.
You can not be treated endlessly with the same herb. You need to find out from the doctor how many days you can drink this medicine, after how many days you should resume phytotherapy. Firstly, the body becomes “addicted”, and secondly, the body can become oversaturated with chemicals that were contained in the grass and helped a person cope with the disease. But in large quantities, these same substances can cause irreparable harm to the body. Practitioners have noted cases when the uncontrolled and prolonged use of such wonderful plants as, for example, St.
For collecting herbs, be sure to bring scissors and a knife.
When collecting plants, you should try not to tear poisonous herbs with your bare hands; it is impossible that their juice or dust from them get into the eyes and nose of the collector. After harvesting, the poisonous herb should be dried in a place that is inaccessible to children and pets.
Store raw materials containing toxic and potent substances in lockable cabinets or pantries.
You must not forget to write a label on the cans and boxes with grass indicating the name of the herb and the time of collection.
So, to collect poisonous medicinal herbs, you must definitely take scissors and a knife with you. By doing this, a person will not only significantly speed up the collection and facilitate labor, but also save the life of the plant, and this will also warn him against possible poisoning by poisonous medicinal plants.
You can not put different herbs in one bag, they should be dried separately. A mistake can harm a person.
Conclusion
Thus, using medicinal herbs for treatment, it is necessary:
Accurately observe the dosage indicated in the prescription when mixing medicinal raw materials;
prepare a dosage form (infusion, decoction, tincture, etc.) accurately maintaining the technology of its preparation;
Observe the rules for storing the prepared form;
Strictly observe the dosage when taking the finished medicine;
· carefully study the contraindications of all components included in the collection and correlate them with the present diagnosis, as well as the patient's previous diseases.
Only this approach will ensure the optimal effect and safety of treatment with the use of medicinal herbs.
Bibliography
1. Akhmedov R. B. In plants - healing power. From the piggy bank of folk healers. In three parts. - M.: Ed. Byte, 1992.
2. Akhmedov R.B. Odolen-grass. Ufa: BKI 1999.-432s
3. Barnaulov O.D. Introduction to phytotherapy. - St. Petersburg: Publishing house "Lan", 1999.-160s.
4. Ivanov V.I. The healing power of nature: How to treat diseases.- M.: OLMA-PRESS, 2001.-192p.
5. Maznev N. Treatment with poisonous plants: Celandine, hellebore and other natural family healers. - M .: IKTC LADA, LLC Publishing House "Ripol Classic", 2005.- 256p.
Mikhailenko E.T., Radzinsky V.E., Zakharov K.A. Medicinal plants in obstetrics and gynecology. - Kyiv: Health, 1984.-136 p.
MBOU DO "Station of tourists of the Nadezhdinsky district"
Subject: Medicinal and poisonous plants. What is there when there is nothing to eat?
I've done the work : Mashkin Anatoly Mikhailovich - teacher
additional education, methodologist
MBOU DOD SUT, Full member of the Russian
Geographical Society since 1989
Work address: 692481 Primorsky Territory, with. V-Nadezhdinskoe,
per. Trade, 12
with. Volno-Nadezhdinskoye, 2015.
Introduction.
Currently, much attention in the circles of institutions of additional education is paid to environmental problems. In particular, the study of medicinal and poisonous plants. It is especially important for tourists to know the medicinal properties of plants and methods of preparing food in the conditions of autonomous human existence in nature. Also, the materials can be useful for team leaders in preparing them for a tourist rally, where there is an “Ecological platform” stage. For this work, scientific, reference and popular science literature was used.
The work is intended for teachers of additional education dealing with children in the field of ecology and tourism.
medicinal plants
Actinidia kolomikta (kishmysh)- woody vine. The flowers are white. The fruit is sweet and sour. Flowering in June, fruiting in September. It grows in all mountain forest regions of Primorye, Amur Region and in the south of Sakhalin. The fruits contain ascorbic acid, carotene, sugar, organic acids, tannins and pectin. The fruits are a valuable delicacy, as well as a preventive and curative property against scurvy.
Aralia high- a small tree with sharp thorns. Blooms in August; fruits are black, berry-like, ripen in September-October. Grows throughout Primorye. Found in mixed and broad-leaved forests. The roots are used in medicine. Aralia root tincture is recommended as a tonic for nervous and mental diseases, for the treatment of low blood pressure.
Badan pacific– Herbaceous plant, rhizome long, creeping, with numerous scars. Height up to 70 cm. Occurs in the mountain-forest belt of Primorsky Krai and the south of Khabarovsk. The rhizomes are used in medicine. Badan preparations are used for bleeding, with inflammatory processes in the oral cavity.
Amur barberry- a thorny shrub 1-3 m high. The flowers are pale yellow, fragrant. The fruits are sour, dryish red berries with large seeds. It grows throughout the Primorsky Territory, without penetrating high into the mountains.
Leaves, rhizomes and roots are used. A tincture of the leaves is used as a hemostatic agent, and berberine sulfate tablets are used as a choleretic agent.
Amur velvet- the bark is gray, cork, under it is a lemon-yellow bast (living bark). The flowers are inconspicuous, the fruits are a black berry with an unpleasant odor. Ripen in August-September. It grows almost throughout Primorye and the Amur region. It does not rise high in the mountains. To get a drug
berberine use bast. Can be used as a diuretic.
Manchurian birch– Wood, white bark, red-brown young shoots. Blossoms in April-May, fruits ripen in August. Distributed throughout Primorye, especially in the mid-mountain zone. The kidneys are used. The tincture is used orally for edema of cardiac origin as a diuretic and disinfectant. It is used for diseases of the liver and biliary tract, as an expectorant, as well as for poorly healing abrasions, ulcers and bedsores. Birch sap is used for bronchitis, pulmonary tuberculosis and tonic. Leaf infusion is used for cholecystitis
Hawthorn- shrub or tree with thorns on the shoots. Fruit with bones. Flowering in May, fruiting in August. Distributed throughout Primorsky Krai. In medicine, the fruits and flowers of hawthorn are used. Hawthorn tincture is used for insomnia, high blood pressure, tachycardia, and general sclerosis.
You can use the fruit to make tea
Common lingonberry- perennial evergreen shrub. Height up to 25 cm. The berries are bright red. Distributed in Primorye in the northern regions, in the south in the highlands. The leaves are used in medicine. Decoction and infusion (tea) from lingonberry leaves are used in the treatment of kidneys, gallbladder, as a diuretic and disinfectant, used for cystitis. Relieves joint pain, fatigue.
Valerian- a herbaceous plant 0.5 - 2.0 m high. The smell of the roots is strong, the taste is spicy. Flowers fragrant, pink. Blossoms in May, fruits ripen in June-September. It grows throughout Primorye, excluding the highlands. The roots and rhizomes of valerian contain essential oil, tannins, iridoids. The drugs are used as sedatives for nervous excitement, insomnia, vascular spasms, heart neuroses, spasms of the gastrointestinal tract. It is used in the form of infusion, decoction, tea.
Highlander snake (serpentine, cancer necks) perennial herbaceous plant up to 1 m high. Blooms in June, fruits are brown trihedral nuts. Distributed in Primorsky Krai (throughout the Far East). The rhizomes are used in medicine. It is used for acute and chronic diarrhea of non-dysenteric origin. Externally used as an astringent for stomatitis (inflammation of the oral mucosa)
Ginseng real- a perennial herbaceous plant from the Araliaceae family, 30-80 cm high. The stem is single, the leaves consist of 205 elliptical leaves. The fruits are bright red berries. Distribution Primorsky and south of the Khabarovsk Territories. In medicine, roots weighing at least 10 g are used. They are used as a tonic and stimulant, as well as for some nervous and mental diseases, diseases of cardiovascular diseases.
lure high- a thorny shrub from the Araliaceae family up to 1 m high. The trunk and leaves are covered with thorns. Distributed in the south of Primorsky Krai in the forest belt 800-1200 m. Rhizomes and roots are used. Listed in the Red Book. It is used as an aphrodisiac for nervous and mental diseases, for physical and mental fatigue, and for low blood pressure.
Stinging nettle- perennial herbaceous plant. The stems are tetrahedral, covered with burning hairs. Blooms from June to September. Distributed throughout Primorsky Krai. Collection of leaves is used in medicine as a hemostatic agent, prescribed for atherosclerosis, gastritis, peptic ulcer. For colds - hot foot baths.
Burnet officinalis- a perennial herbaceous plant 20-100 cm high. The flowers are small dark brown, distributed throughout Primorye. In medicine, rhizomes and roots are used. Preparations from burnet are used as an astringent and hemostatic agent for diarrhea, hemoptysis, as an anti-inflammatory for stomatitis (gargling)
May lily of the valley- a perennial herbaceous plant with two or three broadly lanceolate leaves and one peduncle bearing 5-12 bell-shaped white fragrant flowers. Blooms in May-June. The fruits are red very poisonous berries ripen in August. It occurs throughout Primorsky Krai no higher than 600-700 m above sea level. In medicine, flowers, leaves are used in the form of an infusion for heart neuroses and mainly in combination with valerian and hawthorn.
Schisandra chinensis- a liana from the lemongrass family with a woody climbing stem up to 15 m long. The flowers are white, the fruits are orange-red, collected in a brush of 10-40 pcs. Distributed in Primorye, Amur region and southern Sakhalin. In medicine, seeds and fruits are used. It has a stimulating effect, similar to ginseng, has a tonic effect, can be used as a tonic. It is used in the treatment of certain cardiovascular diseases, increases low blood pressure.
Linden Amur. Flowers are yellow-white. The fruit is a small nutlet up to 0.5 cm. Blooms in July. Use inflorescences. In medicine, decoction and infusion are used as a diaphoretic and antipyretic, as well as an antiseptic.
Dandelion officinalis- a perennial herbaceous plant from the Asteraceae family, with milky juice in all organs, 10-30 cm high. Blooms - April - September. Distributed throughout Primorsky Krai, except for highlands and mountainous wooded areas. Dandelion roots are used as bitterness to stimulate appetite, constipation, gastritis with low acidity and as a diuretic.
Common tansy- a perennial herb from the Compositae family, 50-150 cm high. The flowers in the basket are yellow. Blossoms in July-September, fruits ripen in August-September. Distributed Primorye, Amur region. It is often found near dwellings, roads, ditches and on coastal pebbles. In medicine, tansy inflorescences are used, they contain essential oil, tannins and bitter substances. The infusion is used to treat cholecystitis, hepatitis and other diseases of the liver and gallbladder. Also used as a remedy for worms and acute intestinal diseases.
Plantain large- a perennial herbaceous plant from the plantain family. The leaves are wide, the flowers are small, collected in spike-shaped inflorescence. Blooms throughout the summer, fruits ripen in July-September. It grows in all valleys and low-mountain regions of the Far East. Leaves are used. Fresh leaves are applied to boils and wounds to stop bleeding and heal quickly.
The infusion is used as an expectorant for bronchitis, pulmonary tuberculosis, whooping cough. The juice of fresh leaves can be used for gastritis, coalitis, peptic ulcer.
Chamomile- an annual plant 15-60 cm high. Mass flowering in June. Distributed throughout Primorye. In medicine, blossoming inflorescences (baskets) are used. Chamomile is prescribed for acute and chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer, colitis, diseases of the liver and biliary tract.
Creeping thyme (creeping thyme, Bogorodskaya herb)- semi-shrub. Blossoms in June-August, fruits ripen in August. Found only in southern Primorye. Collect grass during flowering. The infusion and extract are used internally as an expectorant, less often as an analgesic for radiculitis and neuritis. The extract is part of the drug Pertussin.
Yarrow- a perennial herbaceous plant from the Compositae family, 20-80 cm high. It has a peculiar smell and a bitter taste. Blooms from June until frost, seeds ripen in July-September. Distributed throughout the Far East, except for the Magadan region. In medicine, the entire flowering ground part or only inflorescences is used. Used for various diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, as a hemostatic agent. Outwardly, yarrow extract is used as an anti-inflammatory agent.
Horsetail- a perennial spore herbaceous plant from the Horsetail family, 10-50 cm high. Distributed throughout the Primorsky Territory. In medicine, green shoots of horsetail are used. Infusion, liquid extract and decoction are used as a diuretic for heart and other diseases accompanied by stagnant (edematous) phenomena. It is prescribed for heart defects and cardiopulmonary insufficiency. Outwardly, a decoction of horsetail is used as a disinfectant, prescribed for washing poorly healing ulcers and purulent wounds.
Chaga (birch mushroom)- a barren stage of a fungus from the tinder family. Mushroom outgrowths can reach 2 kg, dark brown, almost black on the surface. Found throughout the Far East. In medicine, the growth is used. Infusion of chaga is used as a symptomatic remedy for peptic ulcer of the stomach, duodenum, gastritis, malignant tumors.
Three-part series- an annual herbaceous plant from the Asteraceae family, height 10-60 cm. Blooms from June to September. Distributed in the southern and western regions of Primorye, in the Amur Region, Sakhalin, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk Territory. The herb is used. In medicine, an infusion and decoction of the herb is used for scrofula and other metabolic disorders, scabies, lichen, as a diaphoretic for colds.
Common bird cherry- a tall shrub or tree up to 2 - 10 m high from the Rosaceae family. The flowers are white, the fruits are round, black. Blossoms in May, fruits ripen in August. Distributed throughout the Far East. The fruits are used in medicine. Bird cherry berries are used as an astringent for non-infectious diarrhea and other disorders of the stomach and intestines.
Large celandine- a perennial herbaceous plant from the poppy family, containing orange milky juice in all parts. Blooms from May to autumn. It grows in all inhabited plains and low-mountain regions of the Far East. In medicine, dried grass collected during flowering is used. Used for diseases of the liver and gallbladder. Juice - to remove warts.
Rosehip Daurian- a shrub from the Rosaceae family up to 1.5 m high. It blooms in June-July, the fruits ripen in September. It is found in the low-mountain regions of Primorye and the Amur Region. Rose hips are used in medicine. Used for the treatment and prevention of beriberi in the form of infusion, syrup. Perfectly used for the preparation of medicinal tea in combination with other vitamin fees.
viburnum. Flowers are white, fruits are red. Berries are used. Distributed in valleys and on gentle slopes throughout the Primorsky Territory. In medicine, it is used as a hemostatic agent and to regulate cardiac activity.
Pine. Infusions and decoctions of pine buds are used as a disinfectant, expectorant and diuretic. Used for scurvy.
Oak. Oak bark is used as a good astringent and anti-inflammatory agent.
Rowan. Rowan fruits relieve fatigue, headache, stimulate appetite. Used fresh and as a decoction.
Raspberry ordinary. Perennial shrub. Berries are used as a diaphoretic for colds.
Wild strawberry. Leaves - as a weak diuretic for gout, stones in the liver and kidneys, for beriberi and colds. Berries - for hypertension, atherosclerosis, stomach ulcers, arthritis and other disorders of salt metabolism in the body.
Alder. Alder cones are used. In medicine, a decoction or infusion is used as an astringent for gastrointestinal diseases.
poisonous plants
Of the 300,000 plant species that grow on the globe, about 700 can cause severe or fatal poisoning of people and animals.
Classification of plants according to the degree of toxicity.
(according to V.S. Danilenko, P.V. Rodomtsev)
Poisonous
Highly poisonous
deadly poisonous
White acacia
Common privet
Smelly elderberry
oak anemone
Wisteria
Gorse, all kinds
Zharnovets panicled
Honeysuckle and other species
Calmia broadleaf
Laurel mountain and other species
May lily of the valley
Clematis, all types
Buttercup, all kinds
Ivy
Aronic spotted
Marsh calla
Euonymus european
Digitalis, all kinds
Olendr ordinary
Bittersweet nightshade and other species
Bobovnikovy broom
Rhododendron, all types
Yew berry and other species
Aconite, all types
Colchicum, all types
Henbane black
Belladonna
hemlock spotted
Milestone poisonous
Wolf's bast
Datura vulgaris
castor oil
Juniper Cossack
Oriental sumac and other species
Thuja western and other species
The concentration of poisons depends on climatic conditions, soil, period of development. Poisonous substances are contained both in the whole plant and in individual parts. As a rule, plants have a selective effect on the human body. Some cause damage to the central nervous system ( henbane, aconite, milestone poisonous, hemlock), others are hearts ( May lily of the valley, common oleander, raven eye). Third plants - digestive tract, central nervous system, heart, kidneys, liver (juniper, wild rosemary, crow, colchicum, step). Some plants cause skin burns (ash tree, Steven's hogweed , buttercups)
The plants shown in fig. one. a) hellebore Lobel, b) celandine, c) hemlock (poisonous milestone); rice. 2. a) red nightshade, b) black henbane, c) common dope, d) common belladonna; fig.3. a) hemlock, b) ordinary kirkazen, c) tall aconite, d) oak aconite ; rice. 4. a) Steven's hogweed, b) common wolfberry, c) autumn colchicum
Rice. 1 Fig.2
Rice. 3 Fig. 4
First aid for ingestion: immediately rinse the stomach with a weak solution of potassium permanganate, take activated charcoal (table 2-3), drink plenty of strong tea, coffee, in case of severe poisoning - emergency medical care.
Symptoms of poisoning, poison.
(according to A.A. Ilyichev)
poisonous plant
Dangerous part of the plant
Symptoms
Akongit(wrestler, blue buttercup). Height 1-1.5 m., yellow flowers
The whole plant is poisonous, especially the tubers.
Aconitine
Causes bitterness in the mouth, tinnitus, dizziness, vomiting, convulsions, in severe cases, death
Belena is black.
Henbane white(height 35-90 s.)
All parts of the plant are poisonous, especially the seeds.
Hyosycyamine
Drying of the mucosa, clouding of consciousness, possible respiratory arrest
Belladonna(belladonna).
The flowers are brown-violet, the fruits are black berries.
The whole plant is poisonous
Atropine, hyoscyamine, scopolamine
Pupils dilate, breathing is depressed and gradually fades
Death cap
Mushroom (smell of rotting raw potatoes)
Poisoning begins after 8-10 hours. Mortality in 50% of cases.
Hemlock
(height 1.5 m) resemble parsley leaves, when rubbed between the fingers - the smell of cat urine.
Poisonous fruits and leaves
Vomiting, speech disorder, dizziness, paralysis, in severe cases death
Milestone poisonous(cicuta)
Poisonous sweet stem and rhizomes
(smell of dried apples)
cicutoxin,
Convulsions, respiratory arrest, death
Wolf's bast(wolfberry, lavrushka)
The whole plant is poisonous, especially the fruit.
Burning mouth, convulsions, loss of consciousness, respiratory arrest
false white or satanic mushroom, fly agaric red
After 5-6 hours. Cutting in the abdomen, salivation, delirium, convulsions.
Nightshade bittersweet
The whole plant is poisonous, especially the berries and roots. May cause rash and skin inflammation if touched.
Datura
The whole plant is poisonous
Stephen's Hogweed
The plant, which has an unpleasant odor, contains an essential oil that causes skin irritation.
Nausea, vomiting, dizziness, difficulty swallowing
What is there when there is nothing to eat?
Edible wild plants.
Pine - young shoots, cones, needles as a vitamin drink
Birch - sap, buds, young leaves (23% protein, 12% fat)
Oak - acorns (cut, soak for 2 days, boil: 2 parts of water to 1 part of acorns). Dry, grind, cook porridge or bake cakes.
In trees, sapwood (bast) is used, the most nutritious in birch, willow, pine, spruce, poplar.
Salads, first courses.
sour- Leaves and stems. Clover- fruits, stems, leaves go to the salad. Nettle- young leaves dipped in boiling water for 5 minutes go to the salad, rubbed into gruel, seasoned with oil, pepper, salt. burdock- young peeled stems and dipped in boiling water for 1-2 minutes or leaves collected before flowering. Meadow onion, wild garlic- rhizomes, leaves. Dandelion- almost the entire plant, soaked in salted water for 30 minutes. Plantain- young leaves, lowered for 1 min. into boiling water. The salad is tastier with the addition of sorrel. Daurian rhododendron (ledum)- flowers in the salad. Sorrel- leaves. Horsetail- you can stems and spikelets-pistils, you can make a casserole from them, mix pestles with mushrooms and fry.
Main dishes
Badan thick-leaved- grows on the slopes of the mountains - use rhizomes soaked in water. water chestnut- fruits are consumed raw and boiled. Boil in salted water or bake in ash. You can cook flour and bake bread . reeds- white stem bases when raw. You can boil the young roots and make a puree. Caps (water lilies)- seeds and rhizomes are eaten fried or boiled in salt water, because. raw they are poisonous. Cut, soak for 6 hours, changing the water, cook for 40-50 minutes. bracken fern- soak the stems, boil. The rhizomes are also edible if baked over a fire. cattail- boil young shoots and rhizomes in salted water, drain the soda, simmer with the addition of fat. From flour, you can cook porridge, cut the crusts, dry, grind and bake bread.
Bread can be baked, make tea, coffee drinks and replace sugar, salt
Blooming Sally- from the dried and crushed roots make flour and bake pancakes, flat cakes.
Fern - bracken- from rhizomes ground into flour, you can get sourdough for bread.
To link a test, you can add bird eggs.
Can eat nuts- cedar, hazel (hazelnut), Manchurian walnut (throw into the fire). Tea can be prepared from overwintered, blackened bergenia leaves, hawthorn berries and leaves, lingonberry leaves, blackberries, raspberries, currants, oregano, mint, St. John's wort, grapes. Coffee can be prepared from viburnum seeds, burdock roots, dandelion. Must be collected in the fall. Wash, dry, fry, crush 1-2 teaspoons in a glass of boiling water. As a substitute, you can use asparagus seeds, cane rhizomes, juniper tubers, cattail roots, you can make pine nuts crushed with water milk or cream.
Drinks, fruit drinks prepared from cranberries, lingonberries, young pine needles (50 g. Pine needles are rubbed, insisted in 2 glasses of water, sugar is added), grapes, lemongrass, sultanas.
Replace sugar you can use the rhizomes of the lake reed (finely cut, pour water 1: 1, boil for an hour). Strain the resulting juice and boil to the desired acid.
Birch juice evaporate, bring to a sweet syrup. Honey wild bees can be found by tracing the flight from flower to hive. Salt can be added by evaporating from sea water (salt water), you can find animal salt licks to look for accumulations of salt.
Starch can be obtained from the rhizomes of a large water lily, bergenia and yellow capsule.
Mushrooms(white, boletus, boletus, chanterelles, russula, boletus, mushrooms, etc.) is better to collect young. Avoid mushrooms with leathery sacs at the base of the stem, with white dots and scales on the upper surface of the cap and mushrooms with pure white plates and agaric that secrete milky juice; mushrooms eaten by insects and their larvae. All mushrooms must be opened.
Seaweed. There are no harmful and poisonous algae in the seas washing the shores of our country. Their digestibility by the human body is 65% -80%.
Alaria- brown thalli 60-70 cm long. Edible raw, but soaked and boiled is much tastier . sea kale- cook soups. It can be eaten raw or pre-dried, crushed and made into flour.
freshwater algae greenish - bluish color, floating on the surface of stagnant water and emitting an unpleasant odor should not be used. They are poisonous.
Non-traditional food
snakes- separate the head, remove the skin, cook. Reminds me a little of fish and chicken.
Frog- dip in boiling water, remove the skin, cook until tender. The broth is slightly bitter - it resembles the taste of chicken or hare.
Toads are not suitable for food, there are many “wart glands” on the skin
Turtles- smeared with clay and put the skull on the coals.
Any shellfish(bivalve shells) - boil or scald with boiling water, the wings will open, cook the meat.
Birds– any – there is no better carrion birds. Eggs of birds and chicks.
edible gophers, dogs, badgers etc.
Dried up grasshoppers, ground are suitable for cereals and bread cakes. 100gr. grasshoppers - 225cal., 100 gr., fried termites - 560 cal.
locust fry, tear off the paws, removing the head, at the same time, the green mass from the belly and eat like shrimp.
The Chinese eat dried spiders, Japanese - dragonflies.
Most nutritious ant eggs.
It is better not to eat insects and larvae found on dunghills, living on the underside of the leaves / emitting strong-smelling liquids / having a bright color.
Cooking
Most are consumed raw - you can wrap the larvae in leaves, grind until smooth; cooking - it is advisable to gut large larvae, ants and termites can be ground to a paste-like state and cook soups and cereals.
Snails and slugs- starve them for several days so that they have time to remove the poison, then throw them into saline to clean the digestive tract and boil for 10-20 minutes. with the addition of aromatic herbs.
Worms- drag between fingers, clean from waste products, boil or dry, grind into powder, add to food. At bees and wasps you need to remove the stinger, cut off the wings, then fry or boil. Honey in hollows is taken out by filling the hollow with smoke.
Can eat crabs, lobsters, lobsters, hermit crabs, shrimp cook for 10-20 min.: mussels, oysters eaten raw, boiled, dried. edible octopus, squid, cuttlefish, trepang. Bird eggs are best boiled hard-boiled in boiling water for 4-5 minutes.
Bibliography.
Balenko S.V. Survival School. – M.; 1994.
Volovich V.G. Survival Academy. – M.; 1996.
Davis B. Encyclopedia of Survival and Rescue. – M.; "Weight", 1997.
Ilyichev A.A. The Great Encyclopedia of Survival. – M.; "EXMO-PRESS", 1999.
Kostrub A.A. Tourist medical guide. – M.; Profizdat, 1990.
Soviet encyclopedic dictionary. – M.; "Soviet Encyclopedia", 1986.
Tourist encyclopedia. – M.; "Great Russian Encyclopedia", 1993.